Coastal wetland mangrove forest multifunctional bottom bed deposition rate monitoring device and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to an ecological research technology, and particularly relates to a coastal wetland mangrove forest foreign sediment monitoring device which is characterized by comprising a measuring platform 1 which comprises an outer frame 12 and a hollow platform inner frame 13 located in the geometric center of the outer frame 12, the platform inner frame 13 is a parallelogram, and a surrounding track 11 is arranged on the edge of the platform inner frame 13; a plurality of butt joint holes 5 are further formed in the edge of the bottom of the outer frame 12; the movable support 8 comprises a transverse support 81 and a longitudinal support 82 which are connected with the track 11 in a sliding mode, and the transverse support 81 or the longitudinal support 82 is further provided with a sliding device so that the transverse support 81 and the longitudinal support 82 can slide mutually and penetrate in a staggered mode; the base 2 comprises a base outer frame 21 and a hollow base inner frame 22 located in the geometric center of the base outer frame 21, the base inner frame 22 and the platform inner frame 13 have the same central axis, the base outer frame 21 is further provided with supporting rods 3, and the supporting rods 3 correspond to the butt joint holes 5 in position one to one and are perpendicularly connected with the butt joint holes 5, so that the measuring platform 1 is fixed right above the base 2; the filter membrane 23 is detachably arranged on the upper surface of the base 2 and completely covers the base inner frame 22.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological monitoring, and in particular is a device and a method for monitoring foreign sediments in mangroves in coastal wetlands. Background Art

[0002] Mangroves are known as the guardians of the coast and the forests of the sea. They grow on mudflats and shallows at the junction of land and sea. They are a special ecosystem where land transitions to sea. Species gathered here include plants, birds, fish, shrimps, mollusks, etc. Mangroves are also an effective barrier for coastal cities to resist typhoons. How to maintain, protect and restore the mangrove ecosystem has become an important issue.

[0003] Collecting and analyzing foreign sediments in mangroves can effectively analyze the sedimentation rate of mangrove wetlands, the soil carbon sequestration process, and new pollutants carried in foreign sediments, such as microplastics, and is a basis for studying and protecting the ecological environment of mangrove wetlands.

[0004] So far, there is no simple, effective, feasible method for monitoring foreign sediments that has minimal impact on mangrove ecology.

[0005] The inventors of the present invention have found in their research that, compared with sediment collection and monitoring in other environments such as river beaches and salt marshes, there are many differences and difficulties in collecting and monitoring sediments in mangrove wetlands:

[0006] (1) The environment in mangroves is complex. In the prior art, sediment collection devices that can be used in other environments are not suitable for mangrove wetlands due to the cumbersome installation and replacement. The reason is that if the installation or replacement steps are too cumbersome, setting up the collection device in situ will have a great impact on the environment.

[0007] (2) The breathing roots at the bottom of the mangrove bed are very dense and crisscrossed, which greatly affects the degree of freedom in selecting monitoring points. In many cases, only relatively flat beaches can be found to set up collection devices. However, this will also affect the standardization of the sampling point layout due to the complexity of the environment in the mangrove wetland, deviating from the original preset range. In most cases, the current method can only remove the breathing roots, but over time, the breathing roots will still grow out, which will not only damage the environment but also cause great loss of experimental equipment. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above problems and research needs encountered by the inventors in their research, the inventors have conducted research specifically on the monitoring method of foreign sediments in mangrove wetlands and the supporting tools, and proposed the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention proposes a multifunctional bottom sedimentation rate monitoring device for mangroves in coastal wetlands, which is characterized by comprising: a measuring platform 1, a movable bracket 8, a base 2 and a filter membrane 23;

[0010] The measuring platform 1 comprises an outer frame 12 and a hollow inner platform frame 13 located at the geometric center thereof, wherein the inner platform frame 13 is a parallelogram and has tracks 11 arranged along its four sides, and a plurality of docking holes 5 are also arranged at the bottom edge of the outer frame 12;

[0011] The movable bracket 8 is composed of a transverse bracket 81 and a longitudinal bracket 82. The two ends of the transverse bracket 81 and the longitudinal bracket 82 are slidably connected to the opposite sides of the parallelogram track 11, respectively. The transverse bracket 81 or the longitudinal bracket 82 is vertically cross-arranged and configured to slide relative to each other.

[0012] The base 2 includes a base outer frame 21 and a hollow base inner frame 22 located at the geometric center thereof, wherein the base inner frame 22 and the platform inner frame 13 have the same central axis, and the base outer frame 21 is further provided with a plurality of support rods 3, wherein the support rods 3 correspond to the docking holes 5 in one-to-one position and are vertically connected, so that the measuring platform 1 is fixed directly above the base 2;

[0013] The filter membrane 23 is disposed on the upper surface of the base 2 and completely covers the base inner frame 22 .

[0014] Preferably, the measuring platform 1 and the base 2 are square frames and are spatially parallel, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the measuring platform 1 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the base 2; the platform inner frame 13 is a square frame and is spatially parallel to the outer frame 12; the base inner frame 22 is a square frame and is spatially parallel to the base outer frame 21; the platform inner frame 13 has the same cross-sectional area as the base inner frame 22.

[0015] Preferably, the track 11 is a groove-type track with scales provided on its outer surface, and the transverse bracket 81 and the longitudinal bracket 82 are respectively two; the transverse bracket 81 and the longitudinal bracket 82 are configured to be able to slide relative to each other by providing a bracket track 83 on the surface of the transverse bracket 81 or the longitudinal bracket 82.

[0016] Preferably, the support rod 3 is provided with scales on its surface and is retractable, and the retractable mode is configured so that when the support rod 3 is fully retracted, the measuring platform 1 and the base 2 can overlap and close.

[0017] Preferably, a card slot 9 is further provided on the surface of the movable bracket 8, and a laser rangefinder 10 is detachably installed in the card slot 9.

[0018] Preferably, fixing holes 7 are provided at the four corners of the base 2, and the fixing holes 7 are used to install fixing members 6 to improve the stability of the device; preferably, the fixing member 6 is a scale nail.

[0019] Preferably, a base knob 4 is installed on the upper surface of the base 2 for controlling the extension and retraction of the support rod 3; a knob 15 is installed on at least one end of each transverse bracket 81 and longitudinal bracket 82, and a roller is installed at the connection between the knob 15 and the bracket. The user can individually control the sliding of the corresponding transverse bracket 81 or longitudinal bracket 82 along the sliding track 11 by rotating the knob 15.

[0020] Preferably, the outer frame 12 is 56 cm long and wide, the platform inner frame 13 and the base inner frame 22 are 50 cm long and wide, the base outer frame 2 is 62 cm long and wide, and the maximum extension height of the support rod 3 is 50 cm.

[0021] The present invention provides a method for monitoring the sedimentation rate change of the mangrove bottom bed in a coastal wetland using the above-mentioned monitoring device, comprising the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Select the monitoring device installation point in the mangrove wetland;

[0023] Step 2: Setting up the monitoring device at the selected installation point;

[0024] Step 3: Install the laser rangefinder, adjust the control knob and the base knob to the ideal spatial position, and record the measurement points to measure the bottom bed scouring and silting height at different water surface positions;

[0025] The bottom bed scouring and silting height refers to: the height change of the bottom bed caused by silt scouring and silting.

[0026] The present invention also provides a method for capturing foreign sediments in mangroves in coastal wetlands using the above-mentioned monitoring device, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: Select the monitoring device installation point in the mangrove wetland;

[0028] Step 2: Set up the monitoring device at the selected installation point and set the fixings in the fixing holes to prevent the device from moving;

[0029] Step 3, select 1 to 3 layers of filter membranes with a pore size of 1 to 3 microns, cut them to a size not smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner frame of the base, lay them on the base and completely cover the inner frame of the base, shake down the measuring platform, fully retract the support rods, and clamp the filter membranes;

[0030] Step 4, regularly replace the filter membrane or the overall monitoring device;

[0031] Step 5, analyzing the sediment captured by the removed filter membrane, wherein the sediment analysis includes: weighing the sediment, physical and chemical analysis, organic carbon content analysis, and environmental factor analysis;

[0032] The weighing of the sediment refers to weighing the removed filter membrane after drying, and the weight minus the weight of the filter membrane is equal to the weight of the foreign sediment enriched by the sampler during this time period.

[0033] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0034] The inventors have proposed a new method specifically for monitoring foreign sediments in mangrove wetlands, including a matching device design. In the method of the present invention, the base of the sediment monitoring device provided is arranged to be hollow, which can not only support the filter membrane, but also reduce the impact of the equipment on the breathing roots of mangroves, thereby reducing the difficulty of selecting the installation point of the sediment monitoring device, and it is not necessary to find a flat beach surface or remove the breathing roots.

[0035] In the method of the present invention, after the sediment monitoring device is first set up, if the filter membrane or equipment needs to be replaced during subsequent sampling, the equipment can be prepared and assembled in advance (wherein the shape and size of the filter membrane are prepared according to the data during the first installation), and the fixing piece can be inserted into the installation point, without the need for cumbersome operations at the installation point;

[0036] When the measuring platform is completely closed on the base, since the filter membrane is mechanically clamped between the measuring platform and the base, the risk of the collected material being scattered due to tearing the filter membrane when the filter membrane is removed is reduced.

[0037] In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a laser rangefinder is also arranged on the sediment monitoring device, so as to capture foreign sediments and measure the bottom bed height at the same time, thus filling the gap in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 is a schematic top view of the monitoring device of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic top view of the base of the monitoring device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the main view of the monitoring device in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 It is a top view schematic diagram of the monitoring device of the present invention after the filter membrane is installed;

[0042] Figure 5 It is a schematic top view of the base of the monitoring device after the filter membrane is installed in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the closed state of the measuring platform and the base after the filter membrane is installed in the monitoring device of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 It is a stereoscopic schematic diagram of the monitoring device after installation in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of adjusting the position of the laser rangefinder in the monitoring device of the present invention;

[0046] Fig. 9 It is a connection schematic diagram of a movable bracket in the monitoring device of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the support rod storage in the closed state of the monitoring device of the present invention;

[0048] Wherein: 1- measuring platform, 11- track, 12- outer frame, 13- platform inner frame, 15- knob;

[0049] 2-base, 21-base outer frame, 22-base inner frame, 23-filter membrane;

[0050] 3- support rod, 4- base knob, 5- docking hole, 6- fixing piece, 7- fixing hole;

[0051] 8- movable bracket, 81- horizontal bracket, 82- vertical bracket, 83- bracket track, 9- card slot, 10- laser rangefinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the implementation of this application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of this application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of this application. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limitations on this application. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. The embodiments of this application are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0053] The invention discloses a device for monitoring foreign sediments in mangroves of coastal wetlands, comprising: a measuring platform 1, a base 2, a support rod 3, a movable bracket 8 and a filter membrane 23.

[0054] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Fig. 9As shown, the measuring platform 1 is a square frame, including: an outer frame 12 and a square hollow platform inner frame 13 located at the overall geometric center of the measuring platform 1, the platform inner frame 13 and the outer frame 12 are arranged parallel to each other, and a docking hole 5 is arranged at each of the four corners of the bottom surface of the outer frame 12, and groove-type sliding tracks 11 are arranged along the four sides of the platform inner frame 13, and the movable bracket 8 is slidably installed in the track groove.

[0055] Specifically, Fig. 9 As shown, the movable bracket 8 includes: two horizontal brackets 81 and two longitudinal brackets 82. The surfaces of the two horizontal brackets 81 or the two longitudinal brackets 82 are provided with bracket rails 83, so that the corresponding longitudinal brackets 82 or the horizontal brackets 81 are vertically staggered and connected and can slide relatively. The four rails cross to form a "well"-shaped intersection position and form a grid.

[0056] The above-mentioned intersection position is used to install the laser rangefinder 10; it can be understood that the intersection position formed between the transverse bracket 81 and the longitudinal bracket 82 can be adjusted to any position in the platform inner frame 13 by relatively sliding the transverse bracket 81 or the longitudinal bracket 82 according to actual needs;

[0057] The relative sliding between the transverse bracket 81 and the longitudinal bracket 82 can be optionally achieved, for example, by setting a track at the bottom of any bracket and then changing direction and sliding through gears, etc., which should also be included in the protection scope of the present application.

[0058] The base 2 is also a square frame, and its cross-sectional area is larger than that of the measuring platform 1, including: a base outer frame 21 and a square hollow base inner frame 22 located at the overall geometric center of the base 2. The base inner frame 22 and the base outer frame 21 are also in a spatially parallel state. The base inner frame 22 and the platform inner frame 13 have the same central axis and the cross-sectional areas of the two are the same. In addition, four support rods 3 are provided on the surface of the base outer frame 21. The support rods 3 correspond to the docking holes 5 one by one and are vertically connected, so that the measuring platform 1 is fixed directly above the base 2.

[0059] The surface of the base 2 is provided with a filter membrane 23, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the filter membrane 23 can completely cover the base inner frame 22 and has an area smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the base 2, and is used to collect and capture foreign sediments.

[0060] Furthermore, in this embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the measuring platform 1 and the base 2 are arranged parallel to each other. Similarly, the platform inner frame 13 and the base inner frame 22 are also arranged parallel to each other.

[0061] Furthermore, in this embodiment, if Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, all the support rods 3 are retractable structures and are configured such that when the support rods 3 are fully retracted, the measuring platform 1 and the base 2 will be completely closed.

[0062] like Fig.10 As shown, the fully retracted support rod 3 will be immersed in the docking hole 5, so that the measuring platform 1 and the base 2 can be clamped and fixed to the filter membrane 23. The advantage of this design is that no adhesive or additional filter membrane fixing parts are required, which saves costs and makes it easy to replace new filter membranes. As for how to realize the telescopic structure of the support rod 3, there are many mature technical solutions in the prior art, which will not be repeated here.

[0063] Furthermore, in this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the bottom edges of the transverse bracket 81 and the longitudinal bracket 82 extend inward to form an “L”-shaped slot 9 for detachably mounting the laser rangefinder 10 .

[0064] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the surface of the sliding track 11, that is, the edge of the upper surface of the platform inner frame 13, is provided with scale lines, and the area of ​​each grid and the position of the laser rangefinder in the platform inner frame 13 can be accurately and timely obtained through the scale lines.

[0065] Furthermore, in this embodiment, if Fig. 9 As shown, a knob 15 is installed at at least one end of each transverse bracket 81 and longitudinal bracket 82 , and a roller is installed at the connection between the knob 15 and the bracket. The user can individually control each bracket to move along the sliding track 11 by rotating the knob 15 .

[0066] Furthermore, in this embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the upper surface of the base 2 is provided with a base knob 4, and the surface of the base knob 4 is provided with a scale corresponding to the controllable height of the support rod 3. The user only needs to rotate the base knob 4 to control the overall extension or contraction of the support rod 3. In addition, the advantage of designing the base knob 4 on the upper surface of the base 2 rather than other sides is that it can effectively prevent the base knob 4 from being stuck by mud and sand caused by the equipment being immersed in water for a long time.

[0067] Furthermore, in this embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, the four corners of the base 2 are also provided with fixing holes 7 that pass through the base body 2, which are used to install fixing parts 6 to fix the base at a selected ground position, further improving the stability of the device when in use. Specifically, the fixing parts 6 are nails with scales, so that when setting, on the one hand, the stability of the device under water flow can be improved, and the position of the device can be fine-tuned using the scale on the nail, while recording data to make subsequent measurements more accurate.

[0068] Further, such as Figure 7As shown, the length and width of the outer frame 12 are 56 cm, the length and width of the platform inner frame 13 and the base inner frame 22 are 50 cm, the length and width of the base outer frame 2 are 62 cm, the length and width of the filter membrane 23 are 51 cm, the maximum extension height of the support rod 3 is 50 cm, and the laser rangefinder can measure any cross-sectional data within the range of 50 cm*50 cm.

[0069] The present invention also discloses a method for monitoring the sedimentation rate change of mangrove bottom bed in coastal wetland using the above monitoring device, comprising the following steps:

[0070] Step 1: Select the monitoring device installation point in the mangrove wetland.

[0071] Step 2: Set up the monitoring device at the selected installation point and choose whether to install additional scale nails based on the specific water flow rate.

[0072] Step 3: Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the laser rangefinder 10 is installed at the "well" intersection formed by the movable bracket 8, and the knob 15 and the base knob 4 are used to make it reach the ideal spatial position to record different water level positions (i.e. Figure 8 Each preset recording point (i.e. Figure 8 The bottom bed scouring and silting height corresponds to the dot in the figure. The bottom bed scouring and silting height here refers to the height change of the bottom bed caused by silt scouring and silting.

[0073] The present invention further discloses a method for capturing foreign sediments in mangroves in coastal wetlands using the above monitoring device, comprising the following steps:

[0074] Step 1: Select the monitoring device installation point in the mangrove wetland.

[0075] Step 2: Set up the monitoring device at the selected installation point and install the fixing part 6 in the fixing hole 7 to prevent the equipment from being impacted by water flow.

[0076] Step 3: Select at least one layer of filter membrane with a pore size of 1 to 3 microns, cut it into 52 cm × 52 cm in length and width, lay it on the base 2 and completely cover the base inner frame 22, use the base knob 4 to shake down the measurement platform 1, make the support rod 3 fully retracted, and clamp the filter membrane 23 between the measurement platform 1 and the base 2. At the same time, rotate the knob 15 to move the movable bracket 8 to the edge of the platform inner frame 13 to prevent it from affecting the collection area.

[0077] Step 4: Regularly replace the filter membrane 23 or the overall monitoring device.

[0078] Step 5: Analyze the sediment captured by the removed filter membrane. The sediment analysis refers to: weighing the sediment, physical and chemical analysis, organic carbon content analysis, and environmental factor analysis. Weighing the sediment refers to weighing the removed filter membrane after drying, and subtracting the weight of the filter membrane 23 is equal to the weight of foreign sediment enriched by the sampler during this time period.

[0079] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A multifunctional bottom sedimentation rate monitoring device for mangroves in coastal wetlands, characterized in that: include: A measuring platform (1), a movable support (8), a base (2) and a filter membrane (23); A measuring platform (1), comprising an outer frame (12) and a hollow platform inner frame (13) located at the geometric center thereof, wherein the platform inner frame (13) is a parallelogram and has a surrounding track (11) arranged at its edge, and a plurality of docking holes (5) are also arranged at the bottom edge of the outer frame (12); A movable bracket (8), comprising a transverse bracket (81) and a longitudinal bracket (82) slidably connected to the track (11), the two ends of the transverse bracket (81) and the longitudinal bracket (82) being slidably connected to the opposite sides of the track (11), the transverse bracket (81) and the longitudinal bracket (82) being arranged vertically and crosswise, and being configured to slide relative to each other; A base (2), comprising a base outer frame (21) and a hollow base inner frame (22) located at the geometric center thereof, wherein the base inner frame (22) and the platform inner frame (13) have the same central axis, and the base outer frame (21) is further provided with a plurality of support rods (3), wherein the support rods (3) correspond to the positions of the docking holes (5) one by one and are vertically connected, so that the measuring platform (1) is fixed directly above the base (2); A filter membrane (23) is detachably arranged on the upper surface of the base (2) and completely covers the base inner frame (22).

2. The monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring platform (1) and the base (2) are square frames and are parallel in space; The cross-sectional area of ​​the measuring platform (1) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the base (2); The platform inner frame (13) is a square frame and is spatially parallel to the outer frame (12); The base inner frame (22) is a square frame and is spatially parallel to the base outer frame (21); The platform inner frame (13) and the base inner frame (22) have the same cross-sectional area.

3. The monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The track (11) is a groove-type track, and a scale is provided on its outer surface. The transverse bracket (81) and the longitudinal bracket (82) are respectively two; The transverse bracket (81) and the longitudinal bracket (82) are configured to slide relative to each other, and this is achieved by providing a bracket track (83) on the surface of the transverse bracket (81) or the longitudinal bracket (82).

4. The monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support rod (3) is provided with scales on its surface and is retractable; The telescopic mode is configured so that when the support rod (3) is fully retracted, the measuring platform (1) and the base (2) can overlap and close.

5. The monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The surface of the movable bracket (8) is also provided with a card slot (9), and a laser rangefinder (10) is detachably installed in the card slot (9).

6. The monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The base (2) is provided with fixing holes (7) penetrating through the four corners. The fixing holes (7) are used to install fixing parts (6) to improve the stability of the device. The fixing parts (6) are scale nails.

7. The monitoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top surface of the base (2) is provided with a base knob (4), and the surface of the base knob (4) is provided with a scale for accurately controlling the extension and retraction of the support rod (3); At least one end of each transverse bracket (81) and longitudinal bracket (82) is equipped with a knob (15), and a roller is installed at the connection between the knob (15) and the bracket. The user can individually control the sliding of the corresponding transverse bracket (81) or longitudinal bracket (82) along the sliding track (11) by rotating the knob (15).

8. The monitoring device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer frame (12) is 56 cm long and wide, the platform inner frame (13) and the base inner frame (22) are 50 cm long and wide, the base outer frame (2) is 62 cm long and wide, and the maximum extension height of the support rod (3) is 50 cm.

9. A method for monitoring the sedimentation rate change of mangrove bottom in coastal wetland using the monitoring device according to claims 1-8, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select the installation point of sediment monitoring device in the mangrove wetland; Step 2: Setting up the monitoring device at the selected installation point; Step 3: Install the laser rangefinder, adjust the control knob and the base knob to the ideal spatial position, and record the measurement points to measure the bottom bed scouring and silting height at different water surface positions; The bottom bed scouring and silting height refers to: the height change of the bottom bed caused by silt scouring and silting.

10. A method for capturing foreign sediments in mangroves in coastal wetlands using the monitoring device described in claims 1-8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Select the installation point of sediment monitoring device in the mangrove wetland; Step 2: Set up the monitoring device at the selected installation point and set the fixings in the fixing holes to prevent the device from moving; Step 3, select 1 to 3 layers of filter membranes with a pore size of 1 to 3 microns, cut them to a size not smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner frame of the base, lay them on the base and completely cover the inner frame of the base, shake down the measuring platform, fully retract the support rods, and clamp the filter membranes; Step 4, regularly replace the filter membrane or the entire monitoring device; Step 5, analyzing the sediment captured by the removed filter membrane, wherein the sediment analysis includes: weighing the sediment, physical and chemical analysis, organic carbon content analysis, and environmental factor analysis; The weighing of the sediment refers to weighing the removed filter membrane after drying, and subtracting the weight of the filter membrane is equal to the weight of the foreign sediment enriched by the sampler during this time period.

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