Multi-section permanent magnet direct current motor

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-section permanent magnet direct current motor, which relates to the technical field of rotary motors and comprises a stator, a rotor and a casing, the stator is formed by connecting a plurality of stator units in series, and the rotor is formed by connecting a plurality of rotor units in series. The stator unit is composed of a stator iron core and an excitation coil, and the stator iron core is provided with a magnetic pole shoe and an inner hole. The exciting coil is wound outside the stator magnetic pole shoe; and a rotor is coaxially arranged in an inner hole of the stator unit. The rotor unit is composed of a rotor core, a permanent magnet pole N pole and a permanent magnet pole S pole. The rotor core is provided with a center hole. The motor is formed by connecting a plurality of sections in series, is high in power density and torque, steplessly and smoothly regulates the speed, can stably run at a low speed, can realize a low-speed and high-torque direct drive system, and has the advantages of high efficiency, high power factor, simple structure, good manufacturability, low vibration and noise and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rotating motors, in particular to a multi-section permanent magnet DC motor. Background Art

[0002] Permanent magnet DC motors can be divided into permanent magnet brushless DC motors and permanent magnet brushed DC motors according to whether they have brushes or not. Permanent magnet DC motors are DC motors that use permanent magnets to create a magnetic field. Permanent magnet DC motors are widely used in automobiles, motorcycles, electric bicycles, battery vehicles, ships, aviation, machinery and other industries.

[0003] The number of magnetic poles on the stator and rotor of the existing pole shoe concentrated winding permanent magnet brushless DC motor is not equal (for example, the stator and rotor of the three-phase brushless DC motor are 6 / 8 poles, and the four-phase is 8 / 10 poles, etc.). Regardless of whether the stator is a hidden pole distributed winding type or a salient pole shoe concentrated winding type, the number of magnetic poles on the stator and rotor are not equal, and they are composed of a single iron core stator and rotor. There is a phenomenon of a big horse pulling a small cart in application places where the power is not large enough and the load changes greatly. It is difficult to make a low-speed and high-torque direct drive system, and the power saving effect needs to be further improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-section permanent magnet DC motor, which solves the problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a multi-section permanent magnet DC motor, including a stator, a rotor, a housing and a control drive power supply K;

[0006] The stator is composed of a plurality of stator units connected in series, wherein the stator unit is composed of a stator core and an exciting coil, and the exciting coil is wound on the stator magnetic pole shoe;

[0007] The stator is coaxially provided with a rotor, and the rotor is composed of a plurality of rotor units connected in series; the rotor unit is composed of a rotor core, a permanent magnet N pole and a permanent magnet S pole, the rotor core is provided with a center hole, and the permanent magnet N pole and the permanent magnet S pole are evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotor core, and the permanent magnet N pole and the permanent magnet S pole are staggered;

[0008] The stator core is provided with a stator magnetic pole shoe, and the stator core is provided with an inner hole;

[0009] A rotating shaft passes through the central hole of the rotor, and bearings are sleeved at both ends of the rotating shaft.

[0010] Optionally, the number of the stator pole shoes is equal to the number of the permanent magnet N poles and the permanent magnet S poles.

[0011] Optionally, two or more stator units and rotor units are connected in series to form a DC motor.

[0012] Optionally, a single stator unit and a rotor unit form a section, and the sections are arranged in series along the axial direction, and when the stator magnetic pole shoes are aligned with the same polarity, the permanent magnet magnetic pole N pole and the permanent magnet magnetic pole S pole are arranged at a certain angle;

[0013] When the permanent magnet N pole and the permanent magnet S pole are aligned, the stator pole shoes are arranged with the same polarity but staggered at a certain angle.

[0014] The present invention provides a multi-section permanent magnet DC motor, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] The multi-section permanent magnet DC motor has a large power density, large torque, and stepless smooth speed regulation because the motor has multiple sections connected in series. It can run smoothly at low speed and can be used as a low-speed and high-torque direct drive system. It has the advantages of high efficiency, high power factor, simple structure, good processability, and low vibration and noise.

[0016] The motor is composed of a group of stator units and rotor units connected in series. When a DC square wave current with alternating direction is passed through the stator excitation coil, a corresponding programmed magnetic field with alternating N and S poles is generated in the stator magnetic pole shoes. This magnetic field directly acts on the N and S pole magnetic fields of the permanent magnets on the rotor to generate a magnetic torque with the same direction of rotation, driving the rotor to rotate.

[0017] When current flows through the exciting coil on the stator magnetic pole shoe, the magnetic fields of all the magnetic pole shoes on the stator and the magnetic fields of all the permanent magnets on the rotor act simultaneously, so that the forces on the stator magnetic pole shoes and the rotor permanent magnet poles are evenly distributed on the circumference of the stator and rotor cores, so the deformation of the core is small, the vibration is small, and the noise is small; the multiple sections are connected in series with large torque, high power density, and can run smoothly at low speed; the motor has a simple structure and convenient processing technology, is safer and more reliable during use, has a low failure rate, and saves raw materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of two unit motors connected in series in the invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the stator unit core structure in the invention;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stator unit in the invention;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the rotor unit core structure in the invention;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotor unit in the invention;

[0023] Figure 6A schematic diagram of a unit motor composed of a stator unit and a rotor unit in the invention;

[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the stator and rotor composed of the casing and two sections connected in series in the invention;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the general assembly of the stator unit and the rotor unit in the invention, which are connected in series in two sections;

[0026] Fig. 9 It is a diagram of the three-state operating principle of the invention;

[0027] Fig.10 This is a diagram illustrating the principle of the DC square wave driving power supply in the invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1. stator core; 101. stator pole shoe; 102. stator inner hole; 2. stator unit; 201. excitation coil; 3. rotor unit; 301. rotor core; 302. center hole; 303. permanent magnet pole N pole; 304. permanent magnet pole S pole; 4. casing; 5. shaft; 6. front cover; 7. rear cover; 8. bearing; 9. stator; 10. rotor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more than two; the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0032] See also Figures 1 to 10 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a multi-section permanent magnet DC motor, including a stator 9, a rotor 10, a housing 4 and a control drive power supply K;

[0033] The stator 9 is composed of a plurality of stator units 2 connected in series. The stator unit 2 is composed of a stator core 1 and an exciting coil 201. The exciting coil 201 is wound around a stator magnetic pole shoe 101.

[0034] The stator 9 is coaxially provided with a rotor, and the rotor is composed of a plurality of rotor units 3 connected in series; the rotor unit 3 is composed of a rotor core 301, a permanent magnet magnetic pole N pole 303 and a permanent magnet magnetic pole S pole 304, the rotor core 301 is provided with a central hole 302, and the permanent magnet magnetic pole N pole 303 and the permanent magnet magnetic pole S pole 304 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotor core 301, and the permanent magnet magnetic pole N pole 303 and the permanent magnet magnetic pole S pole 304 are staggered;

[0035] The stator core 1 is provided with a stator magnetic pole shoe 101, and the stator core 1 is provided with an inner hole 102;

[0036] A rotating shaft 5 passes through the central hole of the rotor 10 , and bearings 8 are sleeved on both ends of the rotating shaft 5 .

[0037] In this embodiment, the number of stator pole shoes 101 is equal to the number of permanent magnet N poles 303 and permanent magnet S poles 304 .

[0038] In this embodiment, two or more stator units 2 and rotor units 3 are connected in series to form a DC motor.

[0039] In this embodiment, a single stator unit 2 and a rotor unit 3 form a section, and the sections are arranged in series along the axial direction. When the stator magnetic pole shoes 101 are aligned with the same polarity, the permanent magnet magnetic pole N pole 303 and the permanent magnet magnetic pole S pole 304 are arranged at a certain angle.

[0040] When the permanent magnet N pole 303 and the permanent magnet S pole 304 are aligned, the stator magnetic pole shoes 101 are arranged with the same polarity but staggered at a certain angle.

[0041] The working process of the multi-section permanent magnet DC motor of the present invention is as follows:

[0042] First, the stator units 2 are connected in series and fixed in the housing 4 (such as Figure 7 ), after the rotor units 3 are connected in series and installed into the rotating shaft 5, they are installed into the inner hole 102 of the stator (such as Figure 1 and Figure 7 ), a group of stator units 2 and rotor units 3 are connected in series to form the motor body (such as Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 );

[0043] The following takes an 8-pole stator and an 8-pole permanent magnet rotor as an example to explain the operating principle of the motor body:

[0044] The relative position relationship between each stator unit 2 and rotor unit 3 of the motor body is as follows: Fig. 9 As shown in (a), (b), and (c), the permanent magnet pole N pole 303 and the permanent magnet pole S pole 304 on the rotor core 301; when the rotor rotates to Fig. 9 At the moment of position state (a), the stator magnetic pole shoe 101 is aligned with the rotor magnetic pole and has different polarity. At this moment, the stator coil current commutation is completed, that is, the magnetic field of the stator magnetic pole shoe 101 changes from S pole to N pole, and from N pole to S pole. Fig. 9 (C) As shown; when the stator and rotor magnetic poles are not aligned, the commutation starts a certain amount of time in advance. Because the current commutation takes a certain amount of time, the rotor continues to rotate due to the rotational inertia. When the alignment is completed, the commutation is completed. The magnetic field of the stator pole shoe 101 and the magnetic field of the rotor permanent magnet have the same polarity and repel each other. The magnetic field of the stator pole shoe continues to give the rotor a thrust in the original rotation direction, pushing the rotor to rotate; that is, the certain amount of advance before the stator and rotor magnetic poles are aligned is the moment when the stator winding current starts to commutate; when the rotor rotates to other general positions, such as Fig. 9 (b) When the rotor magnetic poles are not aligned with the stator magnetic pole shoes 101, the direction of the stator winding current remains unchanged, the magnetic field polarity of the stator magnetic pole shoes 101 remains unchanged, and the stator magnetic field pushes the front rotor magnetic poles and pulls the rear rotor magnetic poles, still giving the rotor torque power to rotate the rotor; this reciprocating process causes the motor to rotate continuously;

[0045] The new motor, which consists of two or more sections connected in series, has large shaft output torque, small torque pulsation, good continuity, and can run smoothly at low speed; its control drive power supply current waveform is as follows Fig.10 As shown, the motor is driven by a programmed DC square wave to continuously rotate the rotor. The DC drive makes the motor have a high power factor, no shaft current, wireless high voltage, high operating efficiency, and good power saving effect. It can be used to make high-power, high-torque, low-speed direct drive systems.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-section permanent magnet DC motor, comprising a stator (9), a rotor (10), a housing (4) and a control drive power supply (K); characterized in that: The stator (9) is composed of a plurality of stator units (2) connected in series, wherein the stator unit (2) is composed of a stator core (1) and an excitation coil (201), and the excitation coil (201) is wound around a stator magnetic pole shoe (101); The stator (9) is coaxially provided with a rotor, wherein the rotor is composed of a plurality of rotor units (3) connected in series; the rotor unit (3) is composed of a rotor core (301), a permanent magnet N pole (303) and a permanent magnet S pole (304); the rotor core (301) is provided with a center hole (302); the permanent magnet N pole (303) and the permanent magnet S pole (304) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotor core (301); the permanent magnet N pole (303) and the permanent magnet S pole (304) are arranged in an alternating manner; The stator core (1) is provided with a stator magnetic pole shoe (101), and the stator core (1) is provided with an inner hole (102); A rotating shaft (5) passes through the central hole of the rotor (10), and bearings (8) are sleeved at both ends of the rotating shaft (5).

2. The multi-section permanent magnet DC motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the stator magnetic pole shoes (101) is equal to the number of the permanent magnet magnetic poles N poles (303) and the permanent magnet magnetic poles S poles (304).

3. The multi-section permanent magnet DC motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stator units (2) and rotor units (3) are connected in series to form a DC motor.

4. The multi-section permanent magnet DC motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A single stator unit (2) and a rotor unit (3) form a section, and the sections are arranged in series along the axial direction. When the stator magnetic pole shoes (101) are aligned with the same polarity, the permanent magnet magnetic pole N pole (303) and the permanent magnet magnetic pole S pole (304) are arranged at a certain angle. When the permanent magnet N pole (303) and the permanent magnet S pole (304) are aligned, the stator magnetic pole shoes (101) are arranged with the same polarity but staggered at a certain angle.

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