Strawberry cutting seedling raising method in intelligent greenhouse

Abstract

The invention discloses a strawberry cutting seedling raising method in an intelligent greenhouse, which is characterized in that cutting seedling production is carried out through a large intelligent greenhouse, and flower bud differentiation is completed. The greenhouse area is large, the problem of quantity is solved, environment management is automatic, temperature and illumination are automatically regulated and controlled, and time and labor are saved. The invention discloses a strawberry cutting seedling method in an intelligent greenhouse. The method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a strawberry variety suitable for local production; stem tips of the varieties are collected in May for cuttage, low-temperature short-day culture is conducted in July, and field planting is conducted in August; s2, the greenhouse is a venlo type glass intelligent greenhouse, and equipment is provided with an external sunshade system, an internal sunshade system, a side heat preservation system, a heat preservation quilt system, an internal heat preservation system, a high-pressure spraying system and a ventilation system; water and fertilizer integrated equipment is used for irrigation, and a terminal is a suspended micro-jet; the environment control is a comprehensive environment control system; the refrigeration equipment is a cold and hot air blower; s3, environment control; s4, stem tip treatment during cuttage; s5, a cuttage method; s6, illumination intensity in the cutting seedling growing period; and S7, plant protection measures in the cutting seedling growing period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of strawberry seedling cultivation, and in particular relates to a strawberry cutting seedling raising method in an intelligent greenhouse. Background Art

[0002] Strawberry flower bud differentiation refers to the process of strawberry seedlings transforming from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Temperature and sunshine are the main environmental factors affecting strawberry flower bud differentiation, and their interaction has a significant impact on the process of flower bud differentiation. Strawberry flower bud differentiation needs to meet the following conditions. One is the light condition. Flower bud differentiation can only begin after 8-12h of short daylight. The other is the temperature condition. The suitable temperature range for strawberry flower bud differentiation is roughly 10-20℃, and the critical temperature for flower bud differentiation is between 5-25℃. The temperature cannot be too low or too high, otherwise it may affect the proportion of strawberry flower buds. Other conditions such as water conditions need to maintain normal growth, and nitrogen fertilizers in nutrient conditions cannot be excessive.

[0003] If the temperature is continuously above 25℃, inflorescence will not appear. If the temperature is below 23℃ and the day length is more than 12 hours, inflorescence will appear in 10-15 days. If the temperature is between 10-17℃ and the day length is 10 hours, inflorescence will appear in about 9 days. If the temperature is between 5-10℃, inflorescence will appear regardless of the day length, so temperature is an important factor.

[0004] Strawberries are basically planted from August to October, and the seedling raising period is from May to September, which is the summer with high temperatures. In some areas, the temperature continues to be above 30℃, which is not suitable for the differentiation of flower buds of strawberry seedlings.

[0005] The existing strawberry seedling differentiation promotion technology is: first, high-altitude or high-latitude seedling cultivation. The nursery is selected in the semi-mountainous mountain basin above 800m above sea level, with an average monthly temperature of 18-22℃ and a minimum temperature of about 15℃. The strawberry seedlings need to be transported to the planting site and transported back after planting, which increases the cost of off-site planting and transportation. The second is night-cold short-day seedling cultivation, which allows the strawberry plants to receive natural light for photosynthesis during the day, and uses low-temperature treatment at night, and shortens the daylight time to promote its flower bud differentiation. The seedlings are potted and placed in a cold storage for low-temperature treatment at night, and then the seedling pots are moved out during the day, which is more troublesome for seedling cultivation in production. The third is to use a freezer to process at the top of the pipe rack greenhouse, and use a push-pull movable multi-layer bed to breed seedlings. The nutrient pot seedlings are placed on the bed, which is more convenient, but the number of seedlings is limited. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the above background technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a strawberry cutting seedling method in an intelligent greenhouse, which uses a large intelligent greenhouse to produce cutting seedlings and complete flower bud differentiation. The greenhouse area can be large or small, which solves the problem of quantity, automates environmental management, and automatically controls temperature and light, saving time and effort.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0008] A method for raising strawberry seedlings by cuttings in an intelligent greenhouse comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1, select strawberry varieties suitable for local production; collect stem tip cuttings of each variety in May, culture at low temperature and short day in July, and plant in August;

[0010] S2, the greenhouse is a Venlo glass intelligent greenhouse, equipped with external sunshade, internal shade, side insulation, insulation blanket, internal insulation, high-pressure spray and ventilation system; irrigation is water-fertilizer integrated equipment, the terminal is hanging micro-spray; environmental control is a comprehensive environmental control system; refrigeration equipment is a hot and cold fan;

[0011] S3, environmental control: control by integrated environmental control system and manual control;

[0012] Temperature control: From May 21 to July 19, the daytime temperature is 26°C and the nighttime temperature is 15°C; from July 20 to August 5, the daytime temperature is 24°C and the nighttime temperature is 10°C;

[0013] Light control: From May 21 to 31, both internal and external shading are blocked from 8:00 to 17:00. From June 1 to 10, only the internal shading is blocked. From June 11 to July 19, only the external shading is blocked. After July 20, light control: light exposure time is from 5:00 to 14:00. During this period, the external shading is deployed when the outdoor light is greater than 882umol / s / ㎡, and the internal shading is deployed when the outdoor light is greater than 1176umol / s / ㎡. At 14:00, short-day light is created, and the insulation quilt and side insulation are fully deployed. The internal shading is deployed when the outdoor light is greater than 0umol / s / ㎡, otherwise it is closed. The external shading is deployed from 14:00 to 19:00 when the outdoor light is greater than 0umol / s / ㎡, and closed after 19:00.

[0014] S4, stem tip treatment for cuttings; leave 1-2 leaves on the stem tip and place in a 5℃ cold storage for 7 days. Pay attention to the stem tip and make sure it is not lacking water, otherwise it needs watering; when white roots are seen, start cuttings. Before cuttings, treat with a broad-spectrum fungicide based on the strength and drug resistance of the stem tip, usually 2000-3000 times, and completely immerse the stem tip in the water for 2-5 minutes;

[0015] S5, cutting method: Use a hole tray with 21-72 holes, fill it with substrate, irrigate it with water, and cut the next day. Pay attention to the same direction, align the stem tip with a small fork, and the depth should not bury the core. After cutting, irrigate it with water;

[0016] S6, light intensity during the growth period of cutting seedlings; from May 22 to June 7, the indoor light intensity was high from 12 to 15 o'clock, with a maximum of 1010.8umol / s / ㎡, and the highest shading rate was 67.68%; the maximum indoor light intensity was 1553.9umol / s / ㎡, and the shading rate was about 47% at 12 noon; from July 20 to August 5, the shading rate increased after 15 o'clock, and the shading situation gradually increased from 15:00, reaching more than 82% after 18:00, creating a short-day environment;

[0017] S7, plant protection measures during the cutting and seedling raising period; disease and insect pest prevention and treatment are carried out once every 7 days during the cutting period;

[0018] S8, fertilization measures during the cutting period; fertilization was carried out by root irrigation, a total of 5 times during the cutting period, bacterial fertilizer was applied twice, amino acid water-soluble fertilizer was applied twice, and once was a general fertilizer with 20% nitrogen, 20% phosphorus pentoxide, 20% potassium oxide and trace elements;

[0019] S9, substrate humidity; the sources of substrate moisture are composed of two parts, one is water replenishment by hanging spraying, the other is root irrigation when fertilizing; the substrate humidity is above 80% on the 1st to 7th day, 70%-80% on the 8th to 14th day, and then 50%-60% when planting.

[0020] On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferred scheme of the above scheme: select any one or more of the strawberry varieties 'Hongyan', 'Xiangye' and 'Fenyu' suitable for local growth,

[0021] On the basis of the above scheme and as the preferred scheme of the above scheme: the irrigation is the Spanish water-fertilizer integrated equipment; the refrigeration equipment is the Guangzhou Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd. YORK fan, model YGFC14VE3SXFXRDG, with 132 coils.

[0022] On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferred scheme of the above scheme: the environment control during the planting of cutting seedlings in step S4 is: from May 21 to August 5, it is in a cooling state, and the daytime temperature is 26-33°C and the nighttime temperature is 15-20°C before July 19. After July 20, the daytime temperature is 26-30°C and the nighttime temperature is 11-20°C. The humidity is 85% from May 22 to 29, and 60% after May 30 to August 4.

[0023] On the basis of the above scheme and as a preferred scheme of the above scheme: S5, cutting method; using a 32-hole hole tray filled with substrate.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following outstanding and beneficial technical effects:

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the strawberry cutting seedling raising method in the intelligent greenhouse of the present invention performs cutting seedling production in the intelligent greenhouse to complete flower bud differentiation. The greenhouse has a large area, which solves the problem of quantity, and the environmental management is automated, and the temperature and light are automatically controlled, which saves time and labor.

[0026] The price of strawberries is high before the Spring Festival, 2-5 times that after the Spring Festival. Generally, strawberries are planted according to local climatic conditions, and the temperature is stable at 22℃ at night, which causes late flowering and fruiting. Smart greenhouses can control environmental factors and produce seedlings in advance through stem tip cuttings at any temperature. They can also be planted in a temperature-controlled environment, and can produce fruit one month in advance.

[0027] The short-day light required to promote flower bud differentiation is coordinated and implemented through external shading, internal shading, side insulation, insulation blankets, and internal insulation. The shading rate reaches 80%, making the internal light below the light compensation point. The intelligent greenhouse environment can be controlled, and cuttings can be planted at any time of the year. The price is high before the Spring Festival, so cuttings can be advanced to April 20, and the planting time can be July 1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a line graph of the average outdoor and indoor light intensity in each time period of the present invention, unit: umol / s / ㎡. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with specific embodiments;

[0030] This embodiment 1 provides a strawberry cutting seedling raising method in an intelligent greenhouse, comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1, select strawberry varieties suitable for local production; each variety is collected in May for stem tip cuttings and planted in planting troughs in August, which is a soilless aerial planting mode;

[0032] S2, the greenhouse is a Venlo glass intelligent greenhouse, with an area of ​​116m long, 44m wide, 6.5m high, a total of 5104m 2 The equipment includes external sunshade, internal shade, side insulation, insulation blanket, internal insulation, and high-pressure spray; the irrigation is water-fertilizer integrated equipment, and the terminal is hanging micro-spray; the environmental control is Priva greenhouse control system; the cooling equipment is a fan; the parameter is air volume 2380m 3 / h, cooling capacity 15.13KW, heating capacity 31.38KW;

[0033] The location is the greenhouse base of Shandong Xinfa Ecological Agriculture in Xiaoliuxin Village, Lepingpu Town, Chiping District, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province.

[0034] S3, environmental control: control by using Priva greenhouse control system and manual control in coordination;

[0035] Temperature control: From May 21 to July 19, the daytime temperature is 26°C and the nighttime temperature is 15°C; from July 20 to August 5, the daytime temperature is 24°C and the nighttime temperature is 10°C;

[0036] Light control: From May 21 to 31, both internal and external shading are blocked from 8:00 to 17:00. From June 1 to 10, only the internal shading is blocked. From June 11 to July 19, only the external shading is blocked. After July 20, light control: light exposure time is from 5:00 to 14:00. During this period, the external shading is deployed when the outdoor light is greater than 882umol / s / ㎡, and the internal shading is deployed when the outdoor light is greater than 1176umol / s / ㎡. At 14:00, short-day light is created, and the insulation quilt and side insulation are fully deployed. The internal shading is deployed when the outdoor light is greater than 0umol / s / ㎡, otherwise it is closed. The external shading is deployed from 14:00 to 19:00 when the outdoor light is greater than 0umol / s / ㎡, and closed after 19:00.

[0037] Table 1 Temperature and humidity control targets at different stages of strawberry seedling cultivation

[0038]

[0039] S4, stem tip treatment for cuttings; leave 1-2 leaves on the stem tip and place in a 5℃ cold storage for 7 days. Pay attention to the stem tip and make sure it is not lacking water, otherwise it needs watering; when white roots are seen, start cuttings. Before cuttings, treat with a broad-spectrum fungicide based on the strength and drug resistance of the stem tip, usually 2000-3000 times, and completely immerse the stem tip in the water for 2-5 minutes;

[0040] S5, cutting method: Use a hole tray with 21-72 holes, fill it with substrate, irrigate it with water, and cut the next day. Pay attention to the same direction, align the stem tip with a small fork, and the depth should not bury the core. After cutting, irrigate it with water;

[0041] S6, light intensity during the growth period of cutting seedlings; from May 22 to June 7, the indoor light intensity was high from 12 to 15 o'clock, with a maximum of 1010.8umol / s / ㎡, and the highest shading rate was 67.68%; the maximum indoor light intensity was 1553.9umol / s / ㎡, and the shading rate was about 47% at 12 noon; from July 20 to August 5, the shading rate increased after 15 o'clock, and the shading situation gradually increased from 15:00, reaching more than 82% after 18:00, creating a short-day environment;

[0042] Table 2 Average weekly indoor and outdoor light intensity

[0043]

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] Table 3 Average light intensity at each time period

[0047]

[0048] Right now, Figure 1 The line graph of average outdoor and indoor light intensity in each time period is shown in umol / s / ㎡.

[0049] S7, plant protection measures during the cutting and seedling raising period; disease and insect pest prevention and treatment are carried out once every 7 days during the cutting period;

[0050] On June 3, the Hongyan variety was damaged by beet armyworms, with an incidence of 10% and a disease severity of 5%. On June 25, the Xiangye variety was damaged by red spider mites, with an incidence of 35% and a disease severity of 10%.

[0051] On June 30, all varieties of cuttings were infected with powdery mildew, with an incidence rate of 30% and a damage degree of 10%.

[0052] Table 4 Plant protection measures during seedling raising

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] S8, fertilization measures during the cutting period; fertilization is carried out by root irrigation, a total of 5 times during the cutting period, microbial fertilizer is applied twice, water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids is applied twice, and once is a general fertilizer with 20% nitrogen, 20% phosphorus pentoxide, 20% potassium oxide and trace elements.

[0056] Table 5 Fertilization date and fertilizer amount

[0057]

[0058] S9, substrate humidity; the sources of substrate moisture are composed of two parts, one is water replenishment by hanging spraying, the other is root irrigation during fertilization; the substrate humidity is 80% on the 1st to 7th day, 70% on the 8th to 14th day, and then 60% until planting.

[0059] Table 6 Survival rate of seedlings after planting

[0060] Category Variety Total number of planted seedlings (plants) Number of plants in December (plants) Survival rate (%) Beauty 348363 328330 94.30 Kano 124075 119614 96.40 Pink Jade 111233 98399 88.50

[0061] Furthermore, the strawberry varieties selected are any one or more of 'Hongyan', 'Xiangye' and 'Fenyu' which are suitable for local production.

[0062] Furthermore, the irrigation equipment is the Spanish integrated water-fertilizer equipment; the refrigeration equipment is the Guangzhou Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd. YORK fan, model YGFC14VE3SXFXRDG, with 132 coils.

[0063] Furthermore, the environment was controlled during the planting of cuttings; from May 21 to August 5, it was in a cooling state, and the daytime temperature was 26-33°C and the nighttime temperature was 15-20°C before July 19. After July 20, the daytime temperature was 26-30°C and the nighttime temperature was 11-20°C. The humidity was 85% from May 22 to 29, and 60% from May 30 to August 4.

[0064] Further, S5, cutting method; using a 32-hole tray filled with substrate.

[0065] Table 7 Comparison of the yield of self-cultivated cuttings and non-self-cultivated seedlings in 2022 Unit: kg / 666.67m 2

[0066]

[0067] The planting time of the three varieties in 2022 was September 15, and in 2023 it was August 5, and the measured yield was the actual yield. The yields in October, November and December were measured respectively. As can be seen in the table below, in 2023, the average yield of Xiangye increased by 139%, the yield of Fenyu increased by 875%, and the yield of Hongyan increased by 1793%.

[0068] This Example 2 provides the use of the production seedlings bred in Example 1:

[0069] Jiaxing Jiamei Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. used the Hongyan, Xiangye and Fenyu seedlings produced by Shandong Xinneng on September 18, 2023, and planted them on the strawberry waterfall in greenhouse No. 4. The strawberries are growing healthily. As of January 30, 2024, every 666.7m 2 The output of Hongyan, Xiangye and Fenyu were 244.92, 304.2 and 51.38kg respectively.

[0070] Table 8 Production data

[0071]

[0072] The short-day light required to promote flower bud differentiation is coordinated and implemented through external shading, internal shading, side insulation, insulation blankets, and internal insulation. The shading rate reaches 80%, making the internal light below the light compensation point. The intelligent greenhouse environment can be controlled, and cuttings can be planted at any time of the year. The price is high before the Spring Festival, so cuttings can be advanced to April 20, and the planting time can be July 1.

[0073] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A strawberry cutting seedling raising method in an intelligent greenhouse, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, select strawberry varieties suitable for local production; collect stem tip cuttings of each variety in May, culture at low temperature and short day in July, and plant in August; S2, the greenhouse is a Venlo glass intelligent greenhouse, equipped with external sunshade, internal shade, side insulation, insulation blanket, internal insulation, high-pressure spray and ventilation system; irrigation is water-fertilizer integrated equipment, the terminal is hanging micro-spray; environmental control is a comprehensive environmental control system; refrigeration equipment is a hot and cold fan; S3, environmental control: control by integrated environmental control system and manual control; Temperature control: From May 21 to July 19, the daytime temperature is 26°C and the nighttime temperature is 15°C; from July 20 to August 5, the daytime temperature is 24°C and the nighttime temperature is 10°C; Light control: From May 21 to 31, both internal and external shading will be done from 8:00 to 17:

00. From June 1 to 10, only internal shading will be done. From June 11 to July 19, only external shading will be done. After July 20, light control: light exposure time is from 5:00 to 14:

00. During this period, external shading will be deployed when the outdoor light is greater than 882umol / s / ㎡, and internal shading will be deployed when the outdoor light is greater than 1176umol / s / ㎡. Start to create short daylight at 14:00, fully deploy the insulation blanket and side insulation, deploy the inner shading when the outdoor light is greater than 0umol / s / ㎡, and close it otherwise. Deploy the outer shading when the outdoor light is greater than 0umol / s / ㎡ from 14:00 to 19:00, and close it after 19:00; S4, stem tip treatment for cuttings; leave 1-2 leaves on the stem tip and place in a 5℃ cold storage for 7 days. Pay attention to the stem tip and make sure it is not lacking water, otherwise it needs watering; when white roots are seen, start cuttings. Before cuttings, treat with a broad-spectrum fungicide based on the strength and drug resistance of the stem tip, usually 2000-3000 times, and completely immerse the stem tip in the water for 2-5 minutes; S5, cutting method: Use a hole tray with 21-72 holes, fill it with substrate, irrigate it with water, and cut the next day. Pay attention to the same direction, align the stem tip with a small fork, and the depth should not bury the core. After cutting, irrigate it with water; S6, light intensity during the growth period of cutting seedlings; from May 22 to June 7, the indoor light intensity was high from 12 to 15 o'clock, with a maximum of 1010.8umol / s / ㎡, and the highest shading rate was 67.68%; the maximum indoor light intensity was 1553.9umol / s / ㎡, and the shading rate was about 47% at 12 noon; from July 20 to August 5, the shading rate increased after 15 o'clock, and the shading situation gradually increased from 15:00, reaching more than 82% after 18:00, creating a short-day environment; S7, plant protection measures during the cutting and seedling raising period; disease and insect pest prevention and treatment are carried out once every 7 days during the cutting period; S8, fertilization measures during the cutting period; fertilization was carried out by root irrigation, a total of 5 times during the cutting period, bacterial fertilizer was applied twice, amino acid water-soluble fertilizer was applied twice, and once was a general fertilizer with 20% nitrogen, 20% phosphorus pentoxide, 20% potassium oxide and trace elements; S9, substrate humidity; the sources of substrate moisture are composed of two parts, one is water replenishment by hanging spraying, the other is root irrigation when fertilizing; the substrate humidity is above 80% on the 1st to 7th day, 70%-80% on the 8th to 14th day, and then 50%-60% when planting.

2. The method for raising strawberry seedlings by cuttings in an intelligent greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strawberry varieties selected are any one or more of 'Hongyan', 'Xiangye' and 'Fenyu' which are suitable for local growth.

3. The method for raising strawberry seedlings by cuttings in an intelligent greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation equipment uses Spanish integrated water-fertilizer equipment; the refrigeration equipment uses Guangzhou Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd. YORK fan, model YGFC14VE3SXFXRDG, with 132 coils.

4. The method for raising strawberry seedlings by cuttings in an intelligent greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: Environmental control during planting of cutting seedlings in step S4: from May 21 to August 5, it is in cooling state, and before July 19, the daytime temperature is 26-33°C and the nighttime temperature is 15-20°C. After July 20, the daytime temperature is 26-30℃, and the nighttime temperature is 11-20℃. The humidity is 85% from May 22 to 29, and 60% from May 30 to August 4.

5. The method for raising strawberry seedlings by cuttings in an intelligent greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: S5, cutting method; use a 32-hole tray filled with substrate.

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