Method for improving pollination rate of kiwi fruits in early spring cold region by utilizing osmia

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the pollination rate of kiwi fruits in early spring cold regions by utilizing osmia, and relates to the technical field of osmia pollination, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, according to the flowering phase of the kiwi fruits, putting bee cocoons into a special beehive for osmia pollination 7-10 days in advance, and putting the beehive in an orchard where kiwi fruit trees are located, the bee releasing time is 6-7 o'clock at dusk, and the osmia is prevented from getting lost; the bee releasing period is 20-25 days; the number of released bees is 100-150 per mu; s2, 5-7 days after the flowering phase of the kiwi fruits is finished, the osmia tube nest can be recovered after the osmia tube nest is sealed; specifically, after the beginning of spring, the temperature rises again, the bee cocoons are picked out, and the bee cocoons are put into a container after being selected and put into a fresh-keeping chamber of a refrigerator at the temperature of 1-5 DEG C for subsequent continuous use. According to the method, osmia is used for pollinating pollen, in addition, special treatment of a grafting technology is combined, the pollination rate of kiwi fruit trees in early spring cold regions is greatly increased, and meanwhile the rate of malformed fruits is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wall bee pollination, and in particular to a method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold areas in early spring by utilizing wall bees. Background Art

[0002] Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) belongs to the genus Actinidia Lindl of the family Actinidiaceae. It is a perennial deciduous vine fruit tree native to my country. China is the origin and distribution center of kiwifruit. Its germplasm resources in my country are very rich, with 54 species and 21 varieties, totaling about 75 taxa. Kiwifruit has high nutritional value, rich in vitamin C, soluble dietary fiber and various minerals, and is nutritiously comprehensive, and is known as the "king of fruits."

[0003] Studies have shown that there is a significant linear correlation between the number of seeds in kiwifruit and the weight of the fruit (Xenia effect). Full pollination technology is one of the key technologies to improve the quality and yield of kiwifruit. Kiwifruit is a dioecious plant and a typical cross-pollinating plant. Its flowering period is in early spring, when the outside temperature is low and there are few pollinating insects. The pollination rate of flowers is extremely low under natural conditions, resulting in a low fruit setting rate and a high rate of deformed fruits, which seriously affects the yield and quality and causes economic losses to fruit farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for improving the pollination efficiency of kiwifruit.

[0004] Osima belongs to the genus Osima of the family Apoidea, with more than 70 species recorded and widely distributed. Osima is an excellent pollinator for apple, pear, peach, apricot, cherry and other fruit trees of the Rosaceae family. It has the characteristics of early flower visiting, high efficiency and easy management. Most of the Osima used in production in my country are the Osima horned and Osima concave-lip introduced from Japan. Both types of Osima have one generation per year. The adults are active outside the nest tube for about 40 days, and the eggs, larvae, pupae and adults overwinter in the nest tube. When the temperature rises to 12℃ in the spring of the following year, the adult bees begin to move in the cocoon and bite through the cocoon shell to get out. In order to keep the bee release consistent with the flowering period of the fruit trees, it is necessary to use a cold air warehouse or refrigerator's fresh-keeping room to store the seed cocoon at 1-5℃. Generally, it takes 30-40 days from the release of the bees, pollination, bee breeding to the recovery. From the release of the Osima, the male and female bees first choose mates for mating, and start to settle down and build nests and lay eggs after 3 days. The egg stage is about 10 days. The hatched larvae grow and develop by eating pollen balls. After 30-35 days, the larvae begin to pupate. After 40-60 days, the pupae emerge as adults and enter the wintering period. The activity time outside the nest of wall bees is short, and the individual activity ability is strong. The pollen-collecting organ is the abdominal hair brush. When visiting flowers, the abdominal hair brush on the abdomen sticks to the anthers on the stamens and quickly collects a large amount of pollen. The flower visiting speed is extremely fast. Its pollination efficiency is 70-80 times that of ordinary bees, which is very suitable for large-scale and regional orchard applications. Therefore, how to use wall bees to improve the pollination rate of kiwifruit has important practical significance for increasing the yield and quality of kiwifruit. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and to provide a method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold areas in early spring by using wall bees.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold areas in early spring by using mash bees comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1: According to the flowering period of kiwifruit, 7-10 days in advance, put the bee cocoons into the special beehives for bee pollination, and place them in the orchard where the kiwifruit trees are located. The bee release time is 6-7 pm to prevent the bees from getting lost; the bee release period is 12-17 days; the number of bees released is 100-150 per mu;

[0009] S2: 5-7 days after the fruit trees have bloomed, the wall bee nest can be recovered after the tube is sealed.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the kiwifruit tree is further treated as follows: at least one-year-old branches are collected from male kiwifruit trees as grafting scions, which are grafted onto female kiwifruit trees; before spraying the grafting, the grafting surface of the grafting scion is soaked in a treatment liquid; and after grafting, a promoting liquid is sprayed on the grafting site.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the treatment solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0012] 1-5 parts of plant growth regulator, 5-10 parts of starch, and 80-90 parts of water.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant growth regulator liquid adopts gibberellin or naphthyl acetic acid.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the promoting liquid is as follows:

[0015] The chitosan is dissolved in an acetic acid solution, and then inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and a film-forming agent are added and mixed to obtain the product.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles contain SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, MgO and Ni2O3 in a mass ratio of 2-6: 3-5: 1-3: 0.5-0.8: 0.2-0.4.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the film-forming agent is polyethylene glycol.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of chitosan, inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and film-forming agent is 1-3:0.2-0.7:0.3-0.5.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of male to female seedlings in the orchard is 10-15:1, and the planting density is 110-130 plants / acre for cultivation.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] (1) Since wall bees have good low temperature resistance, the present invention utilizes wall bees to transfer pollen, thereby greatly improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit trees in cold areas in early spring.

[0022] (2) In the present invention, monoecious plants are achieved through grafting technology, and the distance between grafted branches is within the effective pollination distance. The pollen of the upper male flowers can effectively land on the female pistil, which is beneficial to improving the pollination effect of wind pollination and bee pollination, reducing the cost of artificial pollination, and improving the natural pollination fruit setting rate; in addition, the cut surface of the male plant scion is soaked in an aqueous solution of a plant growth regulator, and the treatment liquid is sprayed at the grafting point. The added inorganic heat-generating particles can effectively improve the photothermal effect. At the same time, the film-forming agent is used to better insulate the cut surface and promote the activity of the plant regulating liquid, thereby effectively promoting the healing of the grafting wound and improving the survival rate of the graft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the embodiments, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or the product specifications are used. The reagents or instruments used that do not specify the manufacturer are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0024] The temperature during the early spring flowering period of the kiwifruit trees in the following orchards is 12-16℃, the ratio of male to female seedlings is 12:1, the planting density is 120 plants / mu, and the grafting treatment of the kiwifruit trees is done before releasing the bees.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold areas in early spring by using mash bees comprises the following steps:

[0027] S1: According to the flowering period of kiwifruit, 8 days in advance, the cocoons of wall bees were placed in the pollination beehives in the orchard where the kiwifruit trees were located. The bee release time was 6 pm to prevent the wall bees from getting lost. The bee release period was 25 days. The number of bees released was 120 per mu.

[0028] S2: 6 days after the fruit trees have withered, the wall beehive tubes are sealed and the tube nests are recovered;

[0029] Specifically, after the beginning of spring, when the temperature rises, the cocoons are dug out, selected, placed in a container and placed in the refrigerator's 3°C fresh-keeping room for subsequent use.

[0030] The kiwifruit trees are also treated as follows: one-year-old branches are collected from male kiwifruit trees as grafting scions, which are grafted onto female kiwifruit trees; before spraying the grafting, the grafting surface of the grafting scion is soaked in a treatment solution; after grafting, a promotion solution is sprayed on the grafting site.

[0031] The treatment solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0032] 2 parts plant growth regulator, 8 parts starch, 80 parts water.

[0033] The plant growth regulating liquid adopts gibberellin.

[0034] The preparation method of the promoting liquid is as follows:

[0035] The chitosan is dissolved in an acetic acid solution, and then inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and a film-forming agent are added and mixed to obtain the product.

[0036] The inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles contain SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, MgO and Ni2O3 in a mass ratio of 2:3:1:0.5:0.2.

[0037] The film-forming agent is polyethylene glycol.

[0038] The mass ratio of the chitosan, the inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and the film-forming agent is 1:0.2:0.3.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold areas in early spring by using mash bees comprises the following steps:

[0041] S1: According to the flowering period of kiwifruit, 8 days in advance, the cocoons of wall bees were placed in the pollination beehives in the orchard where the kiwifruit trees were located. The bee release time was 6 pm to prevent the wall bees from getting lost. The bee release period was 25 days. The number of bees released was 120 per mu.

[0042] S2: 6 days after the fruit trees have withered, the wall beehive tubes are sealed and the tube nests are recovered;

[0043] Specifically, after the beginning of spring, when the temperature rises, the cocoons are dug out, selected, placed in a container and placed in the refrigerator's 3°C fresh-keeping room for subsequent use.

[0044] The kiwifruit trees are also treated as follows: one-year-old branches are collected from male kiwifruit trees as grafting scions, which are grafted onto female kiwifruit trees; before spraying the grafting, the grafting surface of the grafting scion is soaked in a treatment solution; after grafting, a promotion solution is sprayed on the grafting site.

[0045] The treatment solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0046] 3 parts plant growth regulator, 7 parts starch, 90 parts water.

[0047] The plant growth regulating liquid adopts gibberellin.

[0048] The preparation method of the promoting liquid is as follows:

[0049] The chitosan is dissolved in an acetic acid solution, and then inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and a film-forming agent are added and mixed to obtain the product.

[0050] The inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles contain SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, MgO and Ni2O3 in a mass ratio of 3:4:2:0.6:0.3.

[0051] The film-forming agent is polyethylene glycol.

[0052] The mass ratio of the chitosan, the inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and the film-forming agent is 2:0.5:0.4.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] A method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold areas in early spring by using mash bees comprises the following steps:

[0055] S1: According to the flowering period of kiwifruit, 8 days in advance, the cocoons of wall bees were placed in the pollination beehives in the orchard where the kiwifruit trees were located. The bee release time was 6 pm to prevent the wall bees from getting lost. The bee release period was 25 days. The number of bees released was 120 per mu.

[0056] S2: 6 days after the fruit trees have withered, the wall beehive tubes are sealed and the tube nests are recovered;

[0057] Specifically, after the beginning of spring, when the temperature rises, the cocoons are dug out, selected, placed in a container and placed in the refrigerator's 3°C fresh-keeping room for subsequent use.

[0058] The kiwifruit trees are also treated as follows: one-year-old branches are collected from male kiwifruit trees as grafting scions, which are grafted onto female kiwifruit trees; before spraying the grafting, the grafting surface of the grafting scion is soaked in a treatment solution; after grafting, a promotion solution is sprayed on the grafting site.

[0059] The treatment solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0060] 5 parts plant growth regulator, 9 parts starch, 85 parts water.

[0061] The plant growth regulating liquid adopts gibberellin.

[0062] The preparation method of the promoting liquid is as follows:

[0063] The chitosan is dissolved in an acetic acid solution, and then inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and a film-forming agent are added and mixed to obtain the product.

[0064] The inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles contain SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, MgO and Ni2O3 in a mass ratio of 4:5:1:0.7:0.4.

[0065] The film-forming agent is polyethylene glycol.

[0066] The mass ratio of the chitosan, the inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and the film-forming agent is 3:0.7:0.3.

[0067] Example 4

[0068] A method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold areas in early spring by using mash bees comprises the following steps:

[0069] S1: According to the flowering period of kiwifruit, 8 days in advance, the cocoons of wall bees were placed in the pollination beehives in the orchard where the kiwifruit trees were located. The bee release time was 6 pm to prevent the wall bees from getting lost. The bee release period was 25 days. The number of bees released was 120 per mu.

[0070] S2: 6 days after the fruit trees have withered, the wall beehive tubes are sealed and the tube nests are recovered;

[0071] Specifically, after the beginning of spring, when the temperature rises, the cocoons are dug out, selected, placed in a container and placed in the refrigerator's 3°C fresh-keeping room for subsequent use.

[0072] The kiwifruit trees are also treated as follows: one-year-old branches are collected from male kiwifruit trees as grafting scions, which are grafted onto female kiwifruit trees; before spraying the grafting, the grafting surface of the grafting scion is soaked in a treatment solution; after grafting, a promotion solution is sprayed on the grafting site.

[0073] The treatment solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0074] 5 parts plant growth regulator, 8 parts starch, 88 parts water.

[0075] The plant growth regulating liquid adopts naphthyl acetic acid.

[0076] The preparation method of the promoting liquid is as follows:

[0077] The chitosan is dissolved in an acetic acid solution, and then inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and a film-forming agent are added and mixed to obtain the product.

[0078] The inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles contain SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, MgO and Ni2O3 in a mass ratio of 6:5:1:0.5:0.3.

[0079] The film-forming agent is polyethylene glycol.

[0080] The mass ratio of the chitosan, the inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and the film-forming agent is 3:0.2:0.3.

[0081] Comparative Example 1 (no grafting)

[0082] This comparative example is a change made on the basis of Example 1, specifically, no grafting treatment is performed.

[0083] Comparative Example 2 (without spraying promoting liquid)

[0084] This comparative example is a change made on the basis of Example 1, specifically, no promoting liquid is sprayed on the grafting site.

[0085] Comparative Example 3 (No Inorganic Heat-Generating Particles Added to the Accelerating Liquid)

[0086] This comparative example is a change made on the basis of Example 1, specifically, no inorganic heat-generating particles are added to the promoting liquid.

[0087] Comparative Example 4 (No film-forming agent added to the promoting liquid)

[0088] This comparative example is a change made on the basis of Example 1, specifically, no film-forming agent is added to the promoting liquid.

[0089] The above embodiments and comparative examples were tested, and the test results are shown in the following table:

[0090] Experimental method: Cultivate, observe and count the experimental flowers and fruit setting data in kiwi fruit orchards in cold areas in early spring. Fruit setting rate = number of set fruits / number of experimental flowers. Deformed fruit rate = number of deformed fruits / number of set fruits.

[0091] Table 1 Performance test results of embodiments and comparative examples

[0092] Sample Fruit setting rate (%) Malformed fruit rate (%) Example 1 98.5 3.1 Example 2 97.1 3.2 Example 3 97.6 3.8 Example 4 98.1 3.5 Comparative Example 1 78.2 8.8 Comparative Example 2 85.7 6.9 Comparative Example 3 82.6 6.3 Comparative Example 4 81.5 6.1

[0093] It can be seen from the above table that the kiwifruit treated in the embodiment has a high pollination rate, that is, a high fruit setting rate, and a lower rate of deformed fruit shape than the control example. The main reason may be that, from the analysis of control example 1, it can be seen that the use of monoecious plants in combination with wall bees in the embodiment is more conducive to improving the pollination efficiency. From the analysis of control examples 2-4, it can be seen that in the embodiments, a specific promoting liquid is used to treat the grafting site, and the cut surface of the male plant scion is soaked in a plant growth regulator aqueous solution, combined with spraying the promoting liquid at the grafting site, the added inorganic heat-generating particles can effectively improve the photothermal effect, and the film-forming agent is used to better insulate and position the cut surface, which can further promote the activity of the plant regulating liquid, thereby effectively promoting wound healing at the grafting site, improving the survival rate of the graft, and reducing the rate of deformed fruit.

[0094] The above-mentioned embodiments only express the preferred implementation modes of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, various other corresponding changes and deformations can be made according to the technical solutions and concepts described above, and all these changes and deformations should fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold areas in early spring by using wall bees, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: According to the flowering period of kiwifruit, 7-10 days in advance, the wall bees are placed in the orchard where the kiwifruit trees are located. The bee release time is 6-7 pm; the bee release period is 20-25 days; the number of bees released is 100-150 per mu; S2: 5-7 days after the fruit trees have bloomed, bring the bees back to the nest.

2. The method of using Osmia bees to improve the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions in early spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The kiwifruit trees are also treated as follows: at least one-year-old branches are collected from male kiwifruit trees as grafting scions, which are grafted onto female kiwifruit trees; before spraying the grafting, the grafting surface of the grafting scion is soaked in a treatment solution; after grafting, a promotion solution is sprayed on the grafting site.

3. The method of using Osmia bees to improve the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions in early spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The treatment solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of plant growth regulator, 5-10 parts of starch and 80-90 parts of water.

4. The method of using Osmia bees to improve the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions in early spring according to claim 3, characterized in that: The plant growth regulating liquid adopts gibberellin or naphthylacetic acid.

5. The method of using Osmia bees to improve the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions in early spring according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation method of the promoting liquid is as follows: The chitosan is dissolved in an acetic acid solution, and then inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and a film-forming agent are added and mixed to obtain the product.

6. The method of using Osmia bees to improve the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions in early spring according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles contain SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, MgO and Ni2O3 in a mass ratio of 2-6: 3-5: 1-3: 0.5-0.8: 0.2-0.

4.

7. The method of using Osmia bees to improve the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions in early spring according to claim 5, characterized in that: The film-forming agent is polyethylene glycol.

8. The method of using Osmia bees to improve the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions in early spring according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the chitosan, the inorganic light-absorbing and heat-generating particles and the film-forming agent is 1-3:0.2-0.7:0.3-0.

5.

9. The method of using Osmia bees to improve the pollination rate of kiwifruit in cold regions in early spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orchard has a male-female ratio of 10-15:1 and a planting density of 110-130 plants per mu.