Molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation and control as well as preparation method and application of molecular spring device

Abstract

The invention discloses a molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation and control and a preparation method and application thereof. The molecular spring device comprises a substrate electrode, a needle-shaped electrode and a folding body molecular solution located between the two electrodes. Folder molecules having two or more metastable state conformations are present in the folder molecule solution; a single folding body molecule with a corresponding metastable state conformation is anchored between the substrate electrode and the needle electrode according to the distance between the two electrodes, and the molecular spring device correspondingly shows different electrical properties. The preparation method comprises the following steps: transferring a folding body molecule solution to the substrate electrode, adjusting the distance between the needle electrode and the substrate electrode, and anchoring the folding body molecule with metastable conformation adaptive to the distance between the needle electrode and the substrate electrode with the two electrodes through coordination bonds or chemical bonds through N on pyridine groups at two ends.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of nanoscale oscillating devices, and in particular to a molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation, a preparation method thereof, and applications in supramolecular electronic devices, nanoelectronics, and logic circuits. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of nanotechnology and the advancement of experimental technology, research on manufacturing nanoscale electronic devices has received widespread attention. In molecular electronics, single molecules are used as basic units for the construction of future electronic devices, logic elements and integrated circuits. By exploring the transmission mode, transport properties and related physical mechanisms of electrons in molecules, an important theoretical basis and guidance are provided for the design and manufacture of future nanoelectronic devices. By deeply understanding the behavior of electrons in molecules, more efficient and stable molecular electronic devices can be designed, bringing new breakthroughs and possibilities to the development of the field of electronics.

[0003] Molecular springs have unique controllable shape changes and mechanical properties, and can undergo conformational changes under the action of external forces. Their flexible conformational properties make it possible to capture and switch metastable conformations at the nanoscale. Through molecular electronics research methods, different conformations of foldamer molecules can be monitored, captured, and switched (Nano Lett 2020, 20(11), 7980-7986; Proc Natl Acad Sci U SA 2018, 115(38), 9362-9366), promoting highly controllable mechanical operations of vibration devices such as molecular springs and single-molecule potentiometers (Nat Commun 2021, 12(1), 167), and then used to design and construct nanoscale mechanical devices, sensors, energy storage devices, and molecular-level multi-valued logic circuits.

[0004] However, due to the large size of conventional molecular springs, there are few molecular skeletons that can induce the production of bistable isomers through mechanical force. The molecular conformations produced by mechanical force regulation are usually flexible, with poor stability and low conductivity. Currently, there is no research that can achieve flexible and accurate manipulation of programmable switching between three or more conformations. In addition, the means of mechanical force regulation research are not sufficient, and there is a lack of sophisticated instruments and technical means to conduct precise testing and regulation of the periodic mechanical vibrations of molecular springs.

[0005] Therefore, constructing stable single-molecule oscillator devices based on molecular springs and achieving precise control of their mechanical and electrical properties remains a challenging frontier topic. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above technical problems and the shortcomings in the art, the present invention provides a molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation and its preparation method and application. The present invention provides a research method for precise regulation of various flexible conformations, and the provided molecular spring device can be applied to supramolecular electronic devices, molecular logic circuits, memory switch devices, etc.

[0007] [1] A molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation, comprising a base electrode, a needle-shaped electrode and a folded body molecular solution located between the two electrodes;

[0008] There are foldamer molecules with two or more metastable conformations in the foldamer molecule solution;

[0009] A single folded body molecule having a corresponding metastable conformation is anchored between the substrate electrode and the needle-shaped electrode according to the distance between the two electrodes, and the molecular spring device exhibits different electrical properties accordingly;

[0010] The foldamer molecule has the following structure:

[0011]

[0012] Among them, R is a C1~C3 alkyl group (such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, etc.), and n is 1, 2 or 3; when R is ethyl, n is 1, 2, 3 and the corresponding foldamer molecules can be recorded as Foldamer 1, Foldamer 2, and Foldamer 3, respectively.

[0013] The materials of the base electrode and the needle-shaped electrode may be Au, Ag or Pt respectively and independently.

[0014] In some embodiments, the material of the substrate electrode is Au, which can be obtained by sequentially evaporating chromium (eg, 5 nm thick) and gold (eg, 100 nm thick) on a silicon substrate (eg, a silicon dioxide polished wafer, 4 inches, single oxide).

[0015] In some embodiments, the needle-shaped electrode is made of Au (eg, a gold ball with a diameter of 0.5 mm), which can be prepared by electrochemically etching an Au wire (eg, with a diameter of 0.25 mm).

[0016] Because Au is stable in the air and not easy to oxidize, it has excellent fluidity under high temperature conditions, is easy to ablate the needle-shaped electrode, and can form a stable Au-N bond with -N.

[0017] In some embodiments, the solvent in the foldamer molecule solution is at least one of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, mesitylene, and chloroform, preferably 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. On the one hand, the foldamer molecule of the present invention has good solubility in the solvent 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and on the other hand, the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene solvent has a high boiling point, which effectively avoids the problem of solvent volatilization during testing. In addition, the solvent does not interfere with the electrical test signal.

[0018] In some embodiments, the volume of the foldamer molecule solution is 10 to 20 μl.

[0019] In some embodiments, the concentration of the foldamer molecule in the foldamer molecule solution is 0.05 to 0.2 mM, such as 0.1 mM. Within the above-specified molecular concentration range, the molecules will not be excessively gathered around the needle tip or attached to the substrate electrode in large quantities, thus avoiding the failure of single molecule connection signal detection. It ensures a high success rate of molecular connection in the electrode gap and eliminates the problem of insufficient concentration of signal capture molecules. The ideal molecular concentration of the solution is 0.1 mM.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the solvent is 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, the concentration of the foldamer molecule in the foldamer molecule solution is 0.1 mM, and Foldamer 1 presents two conductivity signals, the high conductivity and the low conductivity are 10 –4.1 log(G / G0) and 10 –4.9 log(G / G0); the corresponding Foldamer 2 presents three conductivity signals, namely 10 –3.6 log(G / G0), 10 –4.0 log(G / G0) and 10 –5.0 log(G / G0); the corresponding Foldamer 3 presents four conductivity signals, with high and low conductances of 10 – 3.5 log(G / G0), 10 –4.0 log(G / G0), 10 –4.5 log(G / G0) and 10 –5.0 log(G / G0).

[0021] [2] The method for preparing a molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation according to [1] comprises:

[0022] The foldamer molecule solution is transferred to the substrate electrode, the distance between the needle-shaped electrode and the substrate electrode is adjusted, and the foldamer molecule with a metastable conformation that adapts to the distance between the needle-shaped electrode and the substrate electrode is anchored to the two electrodes through coordination bonds or chemical bonds through the N on the pyridine groups at both ends.

[0023] [3] The method for using the molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation according to [1] comprises: changing the distance between the needle electrode and the base electrode so that folded body molecules with different metastable conformations are captured and anchored between the needle electrode and the base electrode, thereby achieving electrical performance regulation of the molecular spring device;

[0024] When the gap between the needle electrode and the substrate electrode matches the shorter metastable conformational folded body molecule, the molecular spring device presents a high conductance state;

[0025] When the gap between the needle electrode and the substrate electrode matches the longer-sized metastable conformational foldamer molecule, the molecular spring device exhibits a low-conductance state.

[0026] The method of using the present invention can be performed by applying a square waveform oscillation between the needle electrode and the base electrode, the waveform presents a square shape, has obvious rising and falling edges, changes the distance between the two electrodes within the set rising and falling ranges and fixes the upper and lower distance limits, so that different conformations of the folded body are matched with the distance between the corresponding needle electrode and the base electrode, thereby realizing the switching between the different conformations in pairs;

[0027] When the waveform is on the rising edge, that is, the spacing is small, the shorter conformation first enters between the two electrodes, and the molecular spring device is in the "on" state, that is, the high conductivity state; when the waveform is on the falling edge, that is, the spacing is large, the longer conformation enters between the two electrodes, and the molecular spring device is in the "off" state, that is, the low conductivity state.

[0028] In some embodiments, a voltage square wave can be applied to the needle-shaped electrode to make the needle-shaped electrode oscillate at a set frequency in a direction perpendicular to the base electrode to control the switching state of the molecular spring device. Further, the voltage of the voltage square wave can be 0.008 to 0.02V, such as 0.011V, etc., and the frequency of the oscillation can be 20 to 100Hz, such as 50Hz, etc. The distance that the piezoelectric ceramic connected to the needle-shaped electrode is driven to move under the oscillating voltage is This distance corresponds to the difference between the lengths of the single-molecule junctions of different conformations. In addition, under different switching modes, i.e., different programmed square wave conditions, two-to-two switching between different conformations can be achieved, such as conformation 1 and conformation 2 or conformation 2 and conformation 3, etc. At the same time, cross-conformation oscillation modes such as conformation 1-conformation 3-conformation 2-conformation 3 can be precisely controlled.

[0029] The above-mentioned preferred examples of applying a square wave voltage to the needle-shaped electrode to make the needle-shaped electrode oscillate at a set frequency in a direction perpendicular to the base electrode, on the one hand, confirm that the present invention can construct a stable molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation; on the other hand, it is determined that the device provided by the present invention can achieve regulation of performance indicators such as oscillation frequency, amplitude and programmable oscillation mode by adjusting factors such as the length, material and structure of the molecular spring.

[0030] [4] The application of the molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation according to [1] in nanosensors, nanocommunications, nanomachines, storage devices, and molecular switches.

[0031] The molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation provided by the present invention is based on the construction of a series of molecular junctions with multiple metastable conformations of foldable molecules, and the existence of multi-conductance states is revealed by scanning tunneling microscope break junction (STM-BJ). The construction of the molecular spring device is based on the monitoring, capture and switching of different conformations. In addition, under the mechanical stress generated by the square wave oscillation applied between the needle electrode and the substrate electrode, this series of molecules can be repeatedly stretched and compressed to achieve the conversion between different folding states, and perform data reading and storage operations. As a sub-angstrom single-molecule storage switch device, it has great potential. By adjusting factors such as the length, material and structure of the molecular spring, flexible regulation of performance such as oscillation frequency, amplitude and programmable oscillation mode can be achieved. This single-molecule device has great potential in high-density data storage and fast data transmission, expanding its application in the fields of nanosensors, nanocommunications, nanomechanics and new storage devices.

[0032] In the molecular spring device of the present invention, the foldamer molecule is the core functional structure in the molecular junction. Due to the different metastable conformations of the foldamer molecule, the molecular spring device will present different electrical signals, corresponding to molecular junctions with different conformations.

[0033] In the present invention, changing / adjusting the distance between the needle electrode and the substrate electrode can be achieved with the help of a scanning tunnel splitting device. For example: the substrate electrode and the needle electrode are respectively installed in the scanning tunnel splitting device, and the needle electrode is moved by motor control, and the relative position of the needle electrode and the substrate electrode is roughly adjusted, so that the needle electrode contacts the substrate electrode with an accuracy of less than 1 micron, and then the piezoelectric ceramic further accurately controls the movement of the needle electrode to approach / retreat at a speed of 10nm / s. The entire splitting process can be achieved by the cooperation of the motor and the piezoelectric ceramic. In the repeated breaking and reconnecting operations, the current signal and the change of resistance with distance are monitored to obtain relevant data, such as the conductivity-distance curve.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1) The molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation provided by the present invention has stable performance and constructs a stable supramolecular oscillation device.

[0036] 2) The molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation provided by the present invention can be constructed under experimental conditions of room temperature and pressure to achieve the function of a spring device with stable properties and excellent performance.

[0037] 3) The molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation provided by the present invention monitors, captures and precisely regulates various conformations of mechanical stress at the angstrom scale.

[0038] 4) The molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation provided by the present invention realizes a programmable oscillation mode.

[0039] 5) The molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation provided by the present invention has great potential and application prospects in high-density data storage and fast data transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the electrical information results of the foldamer molecule in the molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation in Example 1;

[0042] Figure 3 It is a two-dimensional diagram of the oscillation results of different conformations of the foldamer 2 molecule in the molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation in Example 2;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a two-dimensional diagram of the programmable oscillation results of Foldamer 2 and Foldamer 3 after applying programmed square wave oscillation to the molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation in Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] The molecular device structure using Foldamer 3 as an example is shown below: Figure 1 shown.

[0047] The electrical characterization results of the molecular device of this embodiment are as follows Figure 2 As shown, the molecule is Figure 2Foldamer 1-3 molecules in a. Specifically, the following process is included: Use 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene solvent to dissolve the tested molecules and prepare a molecular solution with a concentration of 0.1mM. Take a commercial gold wire with a diameter of 0.25mm and melt it with a torch into a gold ball with a diameter of about 0.5mm, which is used as a spherical needle tip for constructing a molecular junction. Use thermal evaporation or magnetron sputtering to sequentially evaporate or sputter a layer of 5nm thick Cr and a layer of 100nm thick Au on the surface of an ultra-flat silicon wafer as the base electrode for constructing a molecular junction.

[0048] Before characterizing the electrical properties of the molecular spring, the tunneling conductivity of electrons was first tested in the pure solvent 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to ensure the purity of the test environment. Then 10 microliters of a 0.2 mM Foldamer series molecular solution was dripped onto the substrate, and the different metastable conformations of the foldamer molecule were monitored and captured by repeatedly stretching and compressing the needle tip. Figure 2 b. Figure 2 As shown in c, the corresponding Foldamer 1 molecular spring device presents two conductance signals, with high conductance and low conductance being 10 –4.1 log(G / G0) and 10 –4.9 log(G / G0); the corresponding Foldamer 2 molecular spring device presents three kinds of conductance signals, namely 10 –3.6 log(G / G0), 10 –4.0 log(G / G0) and 10 –5.0 log(G / G0); the corresponding Foldamer 3 molecular spring device presents four kinds of conductance signals, with high conductance and low conductance being 10 –3.5 log(G / G0), 10 –4.0 log(G / G0), 10 –4.5 log(G / G0) and 10 –5.0 log(G / G0). It can be seen from this that the conductivity of the foldamer molecule designed by the invention increases with the increase of the flexible segment, indicating that different conformations of different foldamers can be stably monitored and captured to obtain corresponding electrical signal results.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] In this embodiment, a voltage square wave is applied to the needle-shaped electrode of the molecular device, so that the needle-shaped electrode oscillates in the vertical direction at a specific frequency.

[0051] The electrical characterization results of the room temperature molecular spring device of this embodiment are as follows Figure 3 As shown, the specific process includes the following: the model molecule is the same as that in Example 1, and the Foldamer 2 molecule is used.

[0052] The molecules used are Foldamer 1-3 molecules. The specific process includes the following: Use 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene solvent to dissolve the tested molecules and prepare a molecular solution with a concentration of 0.1mM. Take a commercial gold wire with a diameter of 0.25mm and use a torch to melt it into a gold ball with a diameter of about 0.5mm, which is used as a spherical needle tip for building a molecular junction. Use thermal evaporation or magnetron sputtering to sequentially evaporate or sputter a layer of 5nm thick Cr and a layer of 100nm thick Au on the surface of an ultra-flat silicon wafer as the base electrode for building a molecular junction.

[0053] Before characterizing the electrical properties of the molecular spring, the tunneling conductivity of electrons was first tested in the pure solvent 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to ensure the purity of the test environment. Then, 10 microliters of a Foldamer 2 series molecular solution with a concentration of 0.1mM was dripped onto the substrate. During the repeated stretching and compression of the needle tip, the metastable conformations of the three different folding states of the folded body were captured. At the same time, the electrical properties of the constructed molecular spring knot and the switching between different conformations were characterized by stretching and compressing the distance between the needle tip and the substrate at a certain frequency. In this experiment, the size of the nanogap was adjusted by applying a voltage square wave to the piezoelectric ceramic. The square wave waveform presents a square shape with obvious rising and falling edges. The distance between the two electrodes is changed within the set rising and falling range and the upper and lower distance limits are fixed. When the waveform is at the rising edge, i.e., when the spacing is small, the shorter conformation first enters between the two electrodes, and the molecular device is in the "on" state, i.e., a high conductivity state; when the waveform is at the falling edge, i.e., when the spacing is large, the longer conformation enters between the two electrodes, and the molecular device is in the "off" state, i.e., a low conductivity state.

[0054] When the applied amplitude is 0.008V (corresponding to the distance between the electrodes is ) square wave, we can get Figure 3 The oscillating two-dimensional conductivity statistics shown on the left of a, the corresponding one-dimensional statistics are as follows Figure 3 b left. From the figure, we can see the switching between conformation 1 and conformation 2 in a stable cyclic switching; when the applied amplitude is 0.012V (corresponding to the distance between the electrodes is ) square wave, we can get Figure 3 a The oscillating two-dimensional conductivity statistics are shown in the middle, and the corresponding one-dimensional statistics are shown in Figure 3 b middle. From the figure, we can see the switching between conformation 2 and conformation 3 in a stable cyclic switching; when the applied amplitude is 0.025V (corresponding to the distance between the electrodes is ) square wave, we can get Figure 3 a The oscillating two-dimensional conductivity statistics are shown on the right, and the corresponding one-dimensional statistics are shown in Figure 3 b right. From the figure, we can see the switching between conformation 1 and conformation 3 in a stable cycle.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] Molecular device stability under different programmed oscillation modes:

[0057] In this embodiment, a voltage square wave is applied to the needle-shaped electrode of the molecular device, so that the needle-shaped electrode oscillates in the vertical direction at a specific frequency.

[0058] The results of different programmed oscillation modes of the room temperature molecular spring device of this embodiment are as follows Figure 4 As shown, the specific process includes the following: the model molecules are the same as those in Example 1, and Foldamer 2 and Foldamer 3 molecules are used.

[0059] The specific process includes the following: Use 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene solvent to dissolve the tested molecules and prepare a molecular solution with a concentration of 0.1mM. Take a commercial gold wire with a diameter of 0.25mm and melt it into a gold ball with a diameter of about 0.5mm with a torch, which is used as a spherical needle tip for constructing a molecular junction. Use thermal evaporation or magnetron sputtering to sequentially evaporate or sputter a layer of 5nm thick Cr and a layer of 100nm thick Au on the surface of an ultra-flat silicon wafer as the base electrode for constructing a molecular junction.

[0060] Before characterizing the electrical properties of the molecular spring, the tunneling conductivity of electrons was first tested in the pure solvent 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to ensure the purity of the test environment. Then, 10 microliters of a Foldamer 2 series molecular solution with a concentration of 0.1 mM was dripped onto the substrate. During the repeated stretching and compression of the needle tip, the metastable conformations of the three different folding states of the folded body were captured. At the same time, the electrical properties of the constructed molecular spring knot and the switching between different conformations were characterized by stretching and compressing the distance between the needle tip and the substrate at a certain frequency. In this experiment, the size of the nanogap was adjusted by applying a voltage square wave to the piezoelectric ceramic. By optimizing the amplitude and frequency conditions of the applied square wave waveform, precise switching of molecular springs in different folding states within the same cycle was achieved. First, by controlling the distance between the needle tip and the substrate, conformation 2 is made to enter between the two electrodes. Then, by applying a square wave with an amplitude of +0.01V (where "+" represents upward oscillation, i.e., switching between conformation 1 and conformation 2) or -0.01V (where "-" represents downward oscillation, i.e., switching between conformation 2 and conformation 3) and a frequency of 25Hz, the following can be obtained: Figure 4 b shows the oscillatory two-dimensional conductance statistics, which enables the simultaneous stable cyclic switching from conformation 2 to conformation 1 and between conformation 2 and conformation 3 in the same cycle.

[0061] The programmable switching mode results of Foldamer 3 in this implementation case are as follows: Figure 4d. Specific implementation method: Before characterizing the electrical properties of the molecular spring, first test the tunneling conductivity of electrons in pure solvent 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to ensure the purity of the test environment. Then, add 10 microliters of Foldamer 3 series molecular solution with a concentration of 0.1mM to the substrate. During the repeated stretching and compression of the needle tip, the metastable conformations of the four different folding states of the folded body are captured. At the same time, the electrical properties of the constructed molecular spring knot and the switching between different conformations are characterized by stretching and compressing the distance between the needle tip and the substrate at a certain frequency. In this experiment, firstly, by controlling the distance between the needle tip and the substrate, conformation 4 was made to enter between the two electrodes. Then, by applying an amplitude of +0.016V (where "+" represents upward oscillation, i.e., switching between conformation 1 and conformation 4), +0.011V (where "+" represents upward oscillation, i.e., switching between conformation 2 and conformation 4), and +0.006V (where "+" represents upward oscillation, i.e., switching between conformation 3 and conformation 4), the frequency was 50Hz, and the following results were obtained: Figure 4 The oscillatory two-dimensional conductivity statistics shown in e, where a typical single curve is Figure 4 d, thereby achieving flexible switching from conformation 4 to conformation 3, conformation 4 to conformation 2, and conformation 4 and conformation 1 in the same cycle.

[0062] In addition, it should be understood that after reading the above description of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to this application.

Claims

1. A molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation, characterized in that: It includes a base electrode, a needle-shaped electrode and a folded body molecular solution located between the two electrodes; There are foldamer molecules with two or more metastable conformations in the foldamer molecule solution; A single folded body molecule having a corresponding metastable conformation is anchored between the substrate electrode and the needle-shaped electrode according to the distance between the two electrodes, and the molecular spring device exhibits different electrical properties accordingly; The foldamer molecule has the following structure: Wherein, R is a C1-C3 alkyl group, and n is 1, 2 or 3.

2. The molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The materials of the base electrode and the needle-shaped electrode are independently Au, Ag or Pt.

3. The molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the substrate electrode is Au, which is obtained by sequentially evaporating chromium and gold on a silicon substrate; The material of the needle-shaped electrode is Au, which is prepared by electrochemically etching Au wire.

4. The molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solvent in the foldamer molecule solution is at least one of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, mesitylene and chloroform.

5. The molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume of the foldamer molecule solution is 10 to 20 μl; The concentration of the foldamer molecule in the foldamer molecule solution is 0.05-0.2 mM.

6. The method for preparing a molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: The foldamer molecule solution is transferred to the substrate electrode, the distance between the needle-shaped electrode and the substrate electrode is adjusted, and the foldamer molecule with a metastable conformation that adapts to the distance between the needle-shaped electrode and the substrate electrode is anchored to the two electrodes through coordination bonds or chemical bonds through the N on the pyridine groups at both ends.

7. The method for using the molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: Changing the distance between the needle-shaped electrode and the base electrode so that folded body molecules with different metastable conformations are captured and anchored between the needle-shaped electrode and the base electrode, thereby achieving electrical performance adjustment of the molecular spring device; When the gap between the needle electrode and the substrate electrode matches the shorter metastable conformational folded body molecule, the molecular spring device presents a high conductance state; When the gap between the needle electrode and the substrate electrode matches the longer-sized metastable conformational foldamer molecule, the molecular spring device exhibits a low-conductance state.

8. The method of use according to claim 7, characterized in that: A voltage square wave is applied to the needle-shaped electrode to make the needle-shaped electrode oscillate in a direction perpendicular to the substrate electrode at a set frequency, thereby controlling the switching of the molecular spring device's switch state.

9. The method of use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The voltage of the voltage square wave is 0.008-0.02V, and the frequency of the oscillation is 20-100Hz.

10. Application of the molecular spring device based on mechanical stress regulation according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in nanosensors, nanocommunications, nanomachines, storage devices, and molecular switches.

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