Dry quenching elevator safety buffer device and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of dry quenching hoists, and provides a dry quenching hoister safety buffer device and a using method thereof.The dry quenching hoister safety buffer device comprises a containing chamber, the containing chamber is connected with a floor, a buffer assembly and a flow dividing assembly are arranged between the containing chamber and the floor, and the buffer assembly is provided with a turbulent flow assembly; the buffering assembly is connected with an adjusting assembly, and a fixing assembly is arranged on the adjusting assembly. The buffer assembly comprises a containing cylinder connected with the containing chamber, a piston plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the containing cylinder, turbulence holes are formed in the piston plate, and a piston rod is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the piston plate; the buffer assembly and the flow dividing assembly are arranged at the bottom of the lifting mechanism, when the coke tank is accidentally separated from the lifting mechanism and falls, the buffer assembly and the flow dividing assembly can respond rapidly, impact energy is absorbed through flowing of hydraulic oil in the containing cylinder and deformation of a buffer spring, and harm caused by falling of the coke tank is remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of dry quenching coke elevators, in particular to a safety buffer device for a dry quenching coke elevator and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The CDQ elevator is a key large-scale equipment in the CDQ process. It is mainly composed of a frame, a traveling mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a lifting device, a coke drum sealing cover, an electric hoist for maintenance, a cable trolley and a driver's cab. Its main function is to lift and transport the coke quenching drum.

[0003] Since the overall weight of the coke drum after loading red coke is large and the lifting height is high, if the maintenance is not timely or in bad weather, any failure or operating error may cause the coke drum to separate from the lifting mechanism and fall, causing serious safety accidents and equipment damage.

[0004] To this end, those skilled in the art have proposed a safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator and a method for using the same to solve the problems raised in the background art. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator and a method for using the same, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the coke drum has a large overall weight after being loaded with red coke and the lifting height is high, and any malfunction or operational error may cause the coke drum to separate from the lifting mechanism and fall, causing serious safety accidents and equipment damage.

[0006] A safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator comprises a receiving chamber, the receiving chamber is connected to a floor, a buffer component and a flow diversion component are arranged between the receiving chamber and the floor, a turbulent flow component is arranged on the buffer component, the buffer component is connected to an adjusting component, and a fixing component is arranged on the adjusting component;

[0007] The buffer assembly includes a accommodating cylinder connected to the accommodating chamber, the inner wall of the accommodating cylinder is slidably connected to a piston plate, the piston plate is provided with a turbulence hole, the upper surface of the piston plate is fixedly connected to a piston rod, the upper surface of the piston rod is fixedly connected to a top plate, a buffer spring is arranged on the circumference of the piston rod, and the upper surface of the top plate is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the floor.

[0008] Preferably, the turbulent flow hole is composed of a contraction section, a straight section, and a diffusion section. The contraction section is arranged on the lower surface of the piston plate and contracts from bottom to top, the diffusion section is arranged on the upper surface of the piston plate and expands from bottom to top, the straight section is located between the contraction section and the diffusion section, and the turbulent flow hole is provided with a spiral water groove.

[0009] Preferably, the turbulence component includes a mounting ring fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the piston plate, the mounting ring is provided with a movable groove, the movable groove is slidably connected with a movable block, the outer ring of the mounting ring is provided with an annular groove, the movable block is provided with a traction groove, and an auxiliary spring is arranged in the annular groove.

[0010] Preferably, the mounting ring is coaxially arranged with the turbulence hole, an inclined surface is arranged at one end where a plurality of the mounting rings are gathered, and the auxiliary spring is located in the traction groove.

[0011] Preferably, the adjustment assembly comprises an adjustment plate, the adjustment plate is slidably connected to the piston rod, and the lower surface of the adjustment plate is fixedly connected to the buffer spring.

[0012] Preferably, the fixing assembly includes a ring fixedly connected to the adjustment plate, fixing holes are opened on the circumferential sides of the ring and the piston rod, the upper surface of the adjustment plate is fixedly connected to a support rod, the support rod is rotatably connected to a rotating frame, the rotating frame is rotatably connected to a transmission rod, the transmission rod is rotatably connected to a fixing rod, and the fixing rod is plugged into the fixing hole.

[0013] Preferably, the support rod is eccentrically arranged with respect to the rotating frame, and the rotating frame is fixedly connected with a sleeve rod.

[0014] Preferably, the diversion assembly includes a guide frame fixedly installed in the accommodating chamber, the guide frame is fixedly connected to a guide rod, the guide rod is slidably connected to a sliding block, a diversion spring is arranged on the peripheral side of the guide rod, the sliding block is fixedly connected to a first connecting seat, the first connecting seat is rotatably connected to a diversion plate, the diversion plate is rotatably connected to a second connecting seat, and the second connecting seat is fixedly connected to a diversion base.

[0015] Preferably, two ends of the diverter spring are respectively connected to the sliding block and the side plates of the guide frame, and the diverter base is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the floor.

[0016] A method for using a safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator, comprising:

[0017] S1: The coke tank filled with red coke is transported to the bottom of the rack by a coke tank car;

[0018] S2: lifting mechanism lifts the coke tank;

[0019] S3: The coke tank accidentally separated from the lifting mechanism and fell to the floor;

[0020] S4: The floor is forced to move downward, and at the same time, the floor transmits force to the top plate and the diverter base. The top plate is forced to move downward with the piston rod and the piston plate, so that the hydraulic oil at the lower end of the accommodating cylinder moves to the upper end of the accommodating cylinder through the turbulent holes. The hydraulic oil is affected by the turbulent holes and rotates to generate turbulence, reducing the flow rate. The hydraulic oil is blocked and diverted by the turbulent components, consuming kinetic energy, and the buffer spring deforms to absorb the energy of the impact; the diverter base is forced to move downward, so that the diverter plate changes its inclination angle and drives the sliding block to slide along the guide rod, squeezing the auxiliary spring. The auxiliary spring deforms and absorbs the impact. The viscosity of the hydraulic oil inhibits the reciprocating motion of the buffer spring and the auxiliary spring.

[0021] 5S: During daily maintenance, the position of the adjustment plate is moved up and down to adjust the elastic force of the buffer spring, and the height of the adjustment plate is fixed by the fixing component.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention arranges a buffer assembly and a diverter assembly at the bottom of the lifting mechanism. When the coke drum is accidentally separated from the lifting mechanism and falls, the buffer assembly and the diverter assembly can respond quickly, and absorb the impact energy by the flow of hydraulic oil in the containment tube and the deformation of the buffer spring, thereby significantly reducing the harm caused by the fall of the coke drum.

[0024] 2. The present invention uses the design of turbulent holes to cause turbulence in the flow of hydraulic oil, further reducing the flow rate and enhancing the buffering effect. At the same time, the design of the turbulent flow component can effectively block and divert the hydraulic oil, further consume kinetic energy and improve the buffering efficiency.

[0025] 3. The present invention allows the elastic force of the buffer spring to be adjusted as needed to adapt to different working conditions through the provision of the adjustment component and the fixing component, which not only improves the adaptability of the buffer component but also makes daily inspection and maintenance easier. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the receiving chamber and the interior of the floor of a safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal parts of a buffer assembly of a dry coke quenching elevator safety buffer device;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a piston plate and turbulent flow holes of a safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator;

[0030] Figure 5It is a schematic diagram of the exploded parts of a turbulent flow component of a safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of an adjustment component and a fixing component of a safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator;

[0032] Figure 7 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a diversion component of a dry quenching coke elevator safety buffer device.

[0033] In the figure:

[0034] 1. Accommodation chamber; 2. Floor; 3. Buffer assembly; 4. Diverter assembly; 5. Turbulence assembly; 6. Adjustment assembly; 7. Fixing assembly; 301. Accommodation cylinder; 302. Piston plate; 303. Turbulence hole; 304. Piston rod; 305. Top plate; 306. Buffer spring; 307. Spiral water tank; 401. Guide frame; 402. Guide rod; 403. Sliding block; 404. Diverter spring; 405. A connecting seat; 406, a diverter plate; 407, a second connecting seat; 408, a diverter base; 501, a mounting ring; 502, a movable groove; 503, a movable block; 504, a ring groove; 505, a traction groove; 506, an auxiliary spring; 601, an adjusting plate; 701, a sleeve ring; 702, a fixing hole; 703, a supporting rod; 704, a rotating frame; 705, a transmission rod; 706, a fixing rod; 707, a sleeve rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0036] Embodiment 1

[0037] As attached Figure 1 To Attachment Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides a safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator, comprising a receiving chamber 1, the receiving chamber 1 is connected to a floor 2, wherein the area of ​​the receiving chamber 1 and the floor 2 is smaller than the area of ​​the frame and larger than the bottom area of ​​the coke tank, a buffer component 3 and a diverter component 4 are arranged between the receiving chamber 1 and the floor 2, wherein the buffer component 3 and the diverter component 4 can absorb the impact of the coke tank falling and reduce the harm, a turbulent flow component 5 is arranged on the buffer component 3, wherein the turbulent flow component 5 can block and divert hydraulic oil and consume kinetic energy, the buffer component 3 is connected to an adjusting component 6, and a fixing component 7 is arranged on the adjusting component 6, wherein the adjusting component 6 and the fixing component 7 cooperate to adjust the elastic force of the buffer spring 306 to adapt to different working conditions;

[0038] As attached Figure 3 To Attachment Figure 4As shown, the buffer assembly 3 includes a accommodating cylinder 301 connected to the accommodating chamber 1, hydraulic oil is stored inside the accommodating cylinder 301, the inner wall of the accommodating cylinder 301 is slidably connected to a piston plate 302, the piston plate 302 is provided with a turbulence hole 303, when the piston plate 302 moves downward, the hydraulic oil will move upward relative to the piston plate 302 through the turbulence hole 303, the upper surface of the piston plate 302 is fixedly connected to a piston rod 304, the upper surface of the piston rod 304 is fixedly connected to a top plate 305, the piston rod 304 transfers the impact of the top plate 305 to the piston plate 302, a buffer spring 306 is arranged on the peripheral side of the piston rod 304, the downward movement of the top plate 305 will squeeze the buffer spring 306, the buffer spring 306 is deformed by force to absorb energy, and the upper surface of the top plate 305 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the floor 2.

[0039] As can be seen from the above, the coke drum accidentally separated from the lifting mechanism and fell on the floor 2. The floor 2 was forced to move downward and the impact was transmitted to the buffer component 3 and the diverter component 4. The floor 2 moved downward with the top plate 305, the piston rod 304 and the piston plate 302. The top plate 305 moved downward to squeeze the buffer spring 306. The buffer spring 306 was deformed by force to absorb energy. The hydraulic oil in the accommodating cylinder 301 moved to the top of the piston plate 302 through the turbulent hole 303. The hydraulic oil has the ability to absorb impact during the movement and suppress the reciprocating movement of the buffer spring 306. The impact energy is absorbed by the flow of the hydraulic oil in the accommodating cylinder 301 and the deformation of the buffer spring 306, which significantly reduces the harm caused by the fall of the coke drum.

[0040] Embodiment 2

[0041] As attached Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except that the turbulence hole 303 is composed of a contraction section, a straight section, and a diffusion section. The contraction section is arranged on the lower surface of the piston plate 302 and contracts from bottom to top. The diffusion section is arranged on the upper surface of the piston plate 302 and expands from bottom to top. The straight section is located between the contraction section and the diffusion section. Due to the change in the shape of the turbulence hole 303, the speed of the hydraulic oil will change, thereby causing a change in pressure. When the hydraulic oil enters the contraction section, the cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section gradually decreases, which increases the flow rate and reduces the pressure, thereby reducing the impact of the impact on the piston plate 302. When the hydraulic oil enters the diffusion section from the straight section, the cross-sectional area of ​​the diffusion section increases, and the flow rate of the hydraulic oil decreases, thereby reducing the impact effect. The turbulence hole 303 is provided with a spiral water groove 307, which causes the hydraulic oil to rotate and generate turbulence, thereby reducing the kinetic energy of the hydraulic oil movement, thereby achieving a buffering effect.

[0042] As attached Figure 3 and attached Figure 5As shown, specifically, the turbulence component 5 includes a mounting ring 501 fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the piston plate 302, the mounting ring 501 is provided with a moving groove 502, the moving groove 502 is slidably connected with a moving block 503, the moving block 503 will move in the moving groove 502 under force, the outer ring of the mounting ring 501 is provided with an annular groove 504, the moving block 503 is provided with a traction groove 505, an auxiliary spring 506 is arranged in the annular groove 504, and when the moving block 503 moves, it will drive the auxiliary spring 506 to deform through the traction groove 505.

[0043] As attached Figure 5 As shown, further, the mounting ring 501 is coaxially arranged with the turbulence hole 303 , and a slope is arranged at one end where several mounting rings 501 are gathered, through which the hydraulic oil is diverted to reduce the impact of the hydraulic oil moving upward, and the auxiliary spring 506 is located in the traction groove 505 .

[0044] As can be seen from the above, the hydraulic oil in the accommodating cylinder 301 passes through the contraction section, the straight section, and the diffusion section of the turbulence hole 303 in turn. In the contraction section, the flow rate of the hydraulic oil increases and the pressure decreases, reducing the mutual influence between the hydraulic oil and the piston plate 302. When it is the diffusion section, due to the increase in the cross-sectional area of ​​the diffusion section, the flow rate of the hydraulic oil will decrease, reducing the effect of the impact. At the same time, the hydraulic oil is affected by the spiral water groove 307 in the turbulence hole 303, causing the hydraulic oil to rotate and produce turbulence, consuming energy; the hydraulic oil impacts the moving block 503, and the hydraulic oil contacts the inclined surface of the moving block 503. The inclined surface diverts the hydraulic oil and reduces the impact of the hydraulic oil moving upward. At the same time, the inclined surface bears a part of the force, causing the moving block 503 to move in the moving groove 502, and drives the auxiliary spring 506 to deform through the traction groove 505, further consuming the impact and reducing the harm caused by the fall of the coke can.

[0045] Embodiment 3

[0046] As attached Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment is basically the same as the previous embodiment, with the difference that the adjustment assembly 6 includes an adjustment plate 601, which is slidably connected to the piston rod 304, and the up and down movement of the adjustment plate 601 will change the elastic force of the spring, and the lower surface of the adjustment plate 601 is fixedly connected to the buffer spring 306.

[0047] As attached Figure 6As shown, specifically, the fixing assembly 7 includes a collar 701 fixedly connected to the adjustment plate 601, and fixing holes 702 are provided on the circumferential sides of the collar 701 and the piston rod 304. The collar 701 has one fixing hole 702, and the piston rod 304 has a plurality of fixing holes 702 along the length direction. A support rod 703 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the adjustment plate 601, and the support rod 703 is rotatably connected to a rotating frame 704, and the rotating frame 704 is rotatably connected to a transmission rod 705. The rotating frame 704 rotates with the support rod 703 as the center, which will drive the transmission rod 705 to deviate. The transmission rod 705 is rotatably connected to a fixing rod 706, and the fixing rod 706 is plugged into the fixing hole 702. When the fixing rod 706 is inserted into the fixing hole 702, the adjustment plate 601 is fixed.

[0048] As attached Figure 6 As shown, further, the support rod 703 and the rotating frame 704 are eccentrically arranged to allow the transmission rod 705 to shift quickly. The rotating frame 704 is fixedly connected with a sleeve rod 707, wherein the sleeve rod 707 is a regular hexagon. The staff puts the hexagonal sleeve on the sleeve rod 707 to facilitate the rotation of the sleeve rod 707 and the rotating frame 704.

[0049] As attached Figure 2 and attached Figure 7 As shown, further, the diverter assembly 4 includes a guide frame 401 fixedly installed in the accommodating chamber 1, the guide frame 401 is fixedly connected to a guide rod 402, the guide rod 402 is slidably connected to a sliding block 403, the moving block 503 slides on the guide rod 402, and a diverter spring 404 is arranged on the peripheral side of the guide rod 402, the moving block 503 will squeeze the diverter spring 404 when sliding, the sliding block 403 is fixedly connected to a first connecting seat 405, the first connecting seat 405 is rotatably connected to a diverter plate 406, the diverter plate 406 is rotatably connected to a second connecting seat 407, the second connecting seat 407 is fixedly connected to a diverter base 408, the diverter base 408 moves downward with the floor 2, the diverter base 408 moves downward through the first connecting seat 405 and the second connecting seat 407 to tilt the diverter plate 406 and drive the sliding block 403 to move.

[0050] As attached Figure 2 and attached Figure 7 As shown, further, two ends of the shunt spring 404 are respectively connected to the sliding block 403 and the side plate of the guide frame 401 , and the shunt base 408 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the floor 2 .

[0051] As can be seen from the above, the downward movement of the floor 2 drives the diverter base 408 to move downward, and the downward movement of the diverter base 408 tilts the diverter plate 406 through the first connecting seat 405 and the second connecting seat 407, and drives the sliding block 403 to move on the guide rod 402. When the moving block 503 slides, it will squeeze the diverter spring 404, and the diverter base 408 transmits the impact to multiple moving blocks 503 and the diverter spring 404. The diverter spring 404 deforms to absorb the impact energy and reduce the harm caused by the fall of the coke tank. During daily maintenance, the height of the adjustment plate 601 can be adjusted up and down, thereby changing the elastic force of the buffer spring 306, and then operating the sleeve rod 707 to drive the rotating frame 704 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating frame 704 drives the transmission rod 705 to deviate, thereby driving the fixing rod 706 to separate or insert from the fixing hole 702, thereby completing the fixation or releasing the limit of the adjustment plate 601.

[0052] Embodiment 4

[0053] The present invention provides a method for using a safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator, comprising:

[0054] The coke tank filled with red coke is transported to the bottom of the rack by a coke tank car;

[0055] The lifting mechanism lifts the coke tank;

[0056] The coke tank accidentally separated from the lifting mechanism and fell to the floor 2;

[0057] The floor 2 is forced to move downward, and at the same time, the floor 2 transmits the force to the top plate 305 and the diverter base 408. The top plate 305 is forced to move downward with the piston rod 304 and the piston plate 302, so that the hydraulic oil at the lower end of the accommodating cylinder 301 moves to the upper end of the accommodating cylinder 301 through the turbulent hole 303. The hydraulic oil is affected by the turbulent hole 303 and rotates to generate turbulence, reducing the flow rate. The hydraulic oil is blocked and diverted by the turbulent component 5, consuming kinetic energy, and the buffer spring 306 deforms to absorb the energy of the impact; the diverter base 408 is forced to move downward, so that the diverter plate 406 changes its inclination angle, and drives the sliding block 403 to slide along the guide rod 402, squeezing the auxiliary spring 506. The auxiliary spring 506 deforms and absorbs the impact. The viscosity of the hydraulic oil inhibits the reciprocating motion of the buffer spring 306 and the auxiliary spring 506.

[0058] During routine maintenance, the position of the adjustment plate 601 is moved up and down to adjust the elastic force of the buffer spring 306 , and the height of the adjustment plate 601 is fixed by the fixing component 7 .

[0059] The standard parts used in the present invention can all be purchased from the market, and the special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description and the drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional means such as mature bolts, rivets, welding, etc. in the prior art. The machinery, parts and equipment all adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts the conventional connection method in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here. The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

[0060] In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. "Multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0061] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0062] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0063] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0064] In the drawings of the embodiments disclosed in the present invention, only the structures related to the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are involved, and other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0065] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safety buffer device for a dry quenching coke elevator, characterized in that: The invention comprises a receiving chamber (1), the receiving chamber (1) being connected to a floor (2), a buffer component (3) and a flow distribution component (4) being arranged between the receiving chamber (1) and the floor (2), a turbulent flow component (5) being arranged on the buffer component (3), the buffer component (3) being connected to an adjusting component (6), and a fixing component (7) being arranged on the adjusting component (6); The buffer assembly (3) comprises a receiving cylinder (301) connected to the receiving chamber (1); the inner wall of the receiving cylinder (301) is slidably connected to a piston plate (302); the piston plate (302) is provided with a turbulence hole (303); the upper surface of the piston plate (302) is fixedly connected to a piston rod (304); the upper surface of the piston rod (304) is fixedly connected to a top plate (305); a buffer spring (306) is provided on the circumferential side of the piston rod (304); and the upper surface of the top plate (305) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the floor (2).

2. A safety buffer device for a dry quenching coke elevator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The turbulent flow hole (303) is composed of a contraction section, a straight section, and a diffusion section, wherein the contraction section is arranged on the lower surface of the piston plate (302) and contracts from bottom to top, and the diffusion section is arranged on the upper surface of the piston plate (302) and expands from bottom to top. The straight section is located between the contraction section and the diffusion section, and the turbulent flow hole (303) is provided with a spiral water groove (307).

3. A safety buffer device for a dry quenching coke elevator as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The turbulence component (5) comprises a mounting ring (501) fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the piston plate (302), the mounting ring (501) being provided with a moving groove (502), the moving groove (502) being slidably connected with a moving block (503), the outer ring of the mounting ring (501) being provided with an annular groove (504), the moving block (503) being provided with a traction groove (505), and an auxiliary spring (506) being arranged in the annular groove (504).

4. A safety buffer device for a dry quenching coke elevator as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The mounting ring (501) is coaxially arranged with the turbulence hole (303), and an inclined surface is arranged at one end where a plurality of the mounting rings (501) are gathered, and the auxiliary spring (506) is located in the traction groove (505).

5. A safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly (6) comprises an adjustment plate (601), the adjustment plate (601) is slidably connected to the piston rod (304), and the lower surface of the adjustment plate (601) is fixedly connected to the buffer spring (306).

6. A safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The fixing assembly (7) comprises a collar (701) fixedly connected to the adjustment plate (601); fixing holes (702) are provided on the circumference of the collar (701) and the piston rod (304); a support rod (703) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the adjustment plate (601); the support rod (703) is rotatably connected to a rotating frame (704); the rotating frame (704) is rotatably connected to a transmission rod (705); the transmission rod (705) is rotatably connected to a fixing rod (706); and the fixing rod (706) is plugged into the fixing hole (702).

7. A safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The support rod (703) and the rotating frame (704) are eccentrically arranged, and the rotating frame (704) is fixedly connected with a sleeve rod (707).

8. A safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The diverter assembly (4) comprises a guide frame (401) fixedly installed in the accommodating chamber (1), the guide frame (401) being fixedly connected to a guide rod (402), the guide rod (402) being slidably connected to a sliding block (403), a diverter spring (404) being arranged on the peripheral side of the guide rod (402), the sliding block (403) being fixedly connected to a first connecting seat (405), the first connecting seat (405) being rotatably connected to a diverter plate (406), the diverter plate (406) being rotatably connected to a second connecting seat (407), and the second connecting seat (407) being fixedly connected to a diverter base (408).

9. A safety buffer device for a dry coke quenching elevator as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The two ends of the diverter spring (404) are respectively connected to the sliding block (403) and the side plate of the guide frame (401), and the diverter base (408) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the floor (2).

10. The method for using the safety buffer device of a dry coke quenching elevator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include, S1: The coke tank filled with red coke is transported to the bottom of the rack by a coke tank car; S2: lifting mechanism lifts the coke tank; S3: The coke tank accidentally detaches from the lifting mechanism and falls to the floor (2); S4: The floor (2) is forced to move downward, and at the same time, the floor (2) transmits the force to the top plate (305) and the diverter base (408). The top plate (305) is forced to move downward with the piston rod (304) and the piston plate (302), so that the hydraulic oil at the lower end of the accommodating cylinder (301) moves to the upper end of the accommodating cylinder (301) through the turbulent hole (303). The hydraulic oil is affected by the turbulent hole (303) and rotates to generate turbulence, reducing the flow rate. The hydraulic oil is blocked and diverted by the turbulent component (5), consuming kinetic energy, and the buffer spring (306) deforms to absorb the energy of the impact; the diverter base (408) is forced to move downward, so that the diverter plate (406) changes its tilt angle, and drives the sliding block (403) to slide along the guide rod (402), squeezing the auxiliary spring (506). The auxiliary spring (506) deforms and absorbs the impact. The viscosity of the hydraulic oil inhibits the reciprocating motion of the buffer spring (306) and the auxiliary spring (506); 5S: During routine maintenance, the position of the adjustment plate (601) is moved up and down to adjust the elastic force of the buffer spring (306), and the height of the adjustment plate (601) is fixed by the fixing assembly (7).

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