Deep sea hydrothermal region multi-type eruption region flux estimation method based on direct measurement means

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of flux estimation of deep-sea hydrothermal regions, and provides a flux estimation method for multi-type eruption regions of a deep-sea hydrothermal region based on a direct measurement means. Comprising the steps of determination of the eruption area of a hydrothermal zone, detection of hydrothermal fluid components, temperature measurement, flow velocity measurement, material and heat flux evaluation and the like. According to the invention, hydrothermal zone detection and data acquisition are carried out based on the bathyscaph platform, the eruption area can be effectively determined, measurement data can be popularized, and accurate estimation is realized through integrated application of a multi-parameter measurement technology. The method is high in data precision and strong in real-time performance, reduces model dependence, is suitable for a complex environment, provides multi-dimensional data, can determine flux characteristics and differences of different eruption areas, provides more accurate and comprehensive data support for researching a hydrothermal system, and is of great significance in understanding internal dynamics of the earth, marine environment and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of flux estimation in deep-sea hydrothermal areas, and in particular to a method for estimating flux of multiple types of eruption areas in deep-sea hydrothermal areas based on direct measurement means. Background Art

[0002] Hydrothermal flux is one of the important physical parameters of submarine hydrothermal systems, which has a significant impact on marine chemistry, global climate change, submarine ecosystems, etc. It is also of great significance for exploring the mineralization process, scale and environmental effects of metal mineral resources in deep-sea hydrothermal areas. However, there are many difficulties in measuring hydrothermal flux, such as the high temperature, high pressure and harsh environment of deep-sea hydrothermal systems and the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of hydrothermal activities.

[0003] At present, the estimation of hydrothermal flux mainly adopts indirect measurement method, which measures the temperature and chemical composition changes of seawater near hydrothermal vents and infers hydrothermal flux by combining fluid dynamics model and heat conduction model. However, this method has significant limitations, such as high sensitivity to model accuracy and parameter selection, difficulty in capturing short-term changes and local differences in hydrothermal activity, high measurement uncertainty and complexity, etc. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention solves the technical problems by adopting a technical solution: a method for estimating flux of multiple types of eruption areas in deep-sea hydrothermal areas based on direct measurement means, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Determination of the Eruption Area of ​​Hydrothermal Areas

[0006] Submersible near-seabed exploration: Operators drive the submersible into the target hydrothermal area to conduct near-seabed exploration. The high-definition camera carried by the submersible records the seabed conditions of the hydrothermal area, including the dynamic process of hydrothermal eruptions, seabed topography characteristics, and the distribution of different temperature zones.

[0007] Image recording and coordinate positioning of the eruption area: During the detection process, the submersible also uses an ultra-short baseline positioning system to record the coordinate position corresponding to each frame of high-definition image in real time. The positioning system accurately determines the relative position of the submersible on the seabed through communication with the seabed base station, ensuring that the image data corresponds to its corresponding geographical location one by one.

[0008] Identification of eruption features and determination of boundaries: Based on high-definition image data, researchers manually identified the eruption features of the hydrothermal area, including the location of high-temperature vents, the boundaries of the hydrothermal overflow area, and the boundaries of the non-eruption area. By combining the image data with the coordinate information provided by the ultra-short baseline positioning system, the boundary position of the hydrothermal eruption area was accurately calibrated.

[0009] Estimation of the area of ​​hydrothermal eruption areas: By inputting the coordinate data of the identified hydrothermal eruption area boundary points into the Geographic Information System (GIS) or other computing tools, the area of ​​the hydrothermal eruption area can be calculated, providing important basic data for subsequent hydrothermal flux measurements and geological research.

[0010] Calculation of effective eruption area: Further analysis of image data can distinguish the effective areas actually involved in the eruption, and the area of ​​these effective areas can be calculated using data from the ultra-short baseline positioning system.

[0011] Hydrothermal fluid composition detection

[0012] Selection of hydrothermal vents: Select representative vents in the entire hydrothermal area for measurement to ensure that the vents are evenly distributed to fully reflect the fluid component characteristics of different areas in the hydrothermal area.

[0013] In-situ Raman spectroscopy detection: At the selected representative vents, the submersible will insert the in-situ Raman spectroscopy detection system into the hydrothermal vents to measure the concentrations of various chemical components in the hydrothermal fluids, such as CO2, CH4, H2S, etc., in real time and accurately, to avoid possible changes in the samples when they are brought back to the surface.

[0014] Data recording and analysis: The submersible’s positioning system is used to record the specific location and depth of each exploration, and the acquired component concentration data are associated with the corresponding coordinates to establish a spatial model of component distribution in the hydrothermal area, providing a scientific basis for further research.

[0015] Hydrothermal fluid temperature measurement

[0016] Selection of temperature measurement points: Temperature measurements are carried out at selected representative nozzles to ensure the representativeness and comprehensiveness of the temperature data.

[0017] Hydrothermal temperature probe detection: The hydrothermal temperature probe carried by the submersible will be inserted into the selected hydrothermal vent to measure the temperature of the hydrothermal fluid in real time. The probe is designed to withstand extreme high temperature environments and can provide high-precision temperature data to reflect the actual temperature conditions of the hydrothermal vent.

[0018] Data recording and analysis: During the measurement process, the submersible's positioning system will continue to record the specific location and depth of each measurement point to ensure that the temperature data accurately corresponds to its geographical location. This data will be used to construct a temperature distribution model for the hydrothermal area.

[0019] Hydrothermal vent flow rate measurement

[0020] Overflow area flow rate measurement: For the measurement of the overflow area, the turbine flowmeter carried by the submersible is used. The flowmeter is inserted into the fluid channel of the overflow area to record the fluid flow rate. Combined with the position data recorded by the positioning system, a flow rate distribution map of the area is generated.

[0021] Flow velocity measurement in high-temperature vent area: For the measurement of high-temperature vent area, the laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) carried by the submersible is used for measurement. The LDV aims the detector at the mainstream direction of the vent fluid and records the flow velocity data in real time to ensure that the dynamic changes of the fluid can be accurately captured.

[0022] Data recording and comprehensive analysis: All flow rate measurement data will be combined with the submersible's positioning system data to ensure that the flow rate at each measurement point accurately corresponds to its geographical location. These flow rate data will be integrated with previous temperature and composition data to form a comprehensive dynamic model of the vent fluid in the hydrothermal area, helping researchers to further understand the fluid dynamics characteristics of the hydrothermal system.

[0023] Evaluation of material release and heat fluxes in hydrothermal areas

[0024] Material flux estimation: The measured nozzle data is regarded as the average value within the small range, and the material flux is estimated by the following formula:

[0025]

[0026] Among them, F m is the mass flux in kg / s, A e j is the effective area represented by the i-th nozzle, in m 2 , C i is the concentration of the component at the ith nozzle, in kg / m 3 , i is the flow rate of the ith vent, in m / s. The material flux of the entire hydrothermal area is obtained by summing up the flux data of all measured vents;

[0027] Step 2: Estimate the heat flux using the following formula:

[0028]

[0029] Among them, F q is the heat flux, in units of w, and ρ is the density of the hydrothermal fluid, in units of kg / m 3 , C p is the specific heat capacity of the fluid at the i-th nozzle, in J / kg·K, ΔT i is the temperature difference data of the i-th nozzle, in units of K. By accumulating the heat flux data of all measured nozzles, the heat flux of the entire hydrothermal area can be obtained.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0031] Hydrothermal area detection and data collection based on submersible platform: The submersible is equipped with high-definition cameras and ultra-short baseline positioning systems, which can conduct near-seabed detection of hydrothermal areas, accurately record images and geographic coordinates of hydrothermal eruption areas, and conduct detailed measurements of a limited number of vents in the hydrothermal area, including key parameters such as temperature, component concentration and flow rate, providing a reliable data basis for accurate estimation of hydrothermal flux.

[0032] Determination and extension of effective eruption area: Through image data and positioning data, the eruption boundary of the hydrothermal area can be delineated, and the area of ​​the effective eruption area can be further calculated to accurately distinguish the area actually involved in the hydrothermal fluid eruption. The measurement data of representative vents are extended to the entire effective eruption area to ensure accurate hydrothermal flux assessment based on limited measurement points, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of flux estimation.

[0033] Estimation method of material flux and heat flux: It provides calculation formulas for material flux and heat flux based on effective eruption area, component concentration, flow rate and temperature. Through representative measurements and model promotion, it achieves a reasonable estimation of the material and heat release of the entire hydrothermal area, providing an important quantitative basis for in-depth research on the material circulation and energy transfer of the hydrothermal system.

[0034] Integrated application of multi-parameter measurement technology: Combining in-situ Raman spectroscopy detection, hydrothermal temperature measurement, and the use of turbine flowmeters and laser Doppler flowmeters, comprehensive physical and chemical information of hydrothermal vents was obtained. Combining these measurement data with the geographic information system (GIS) formed a comprehensive dynamic model of the hydrothermal area, which helps to more comprehensively analyze the dynamic processes and ecological effects of the hydrothermal system.

[0035] High data accuracy: Direct observation methods can collect key parameters at hydrothermal vents, such as fluid temperature, component concentration and flow rate, in real time through sensors carried by submersibles. Compared with indirect inference methods, this reduces errors in the intermediate links and provides more accurate and reliable data.

[0036] Strong real-time performance: Direct observation methods allow real-time measurement and recording of the dynamic changes of hydrothermal vents on site, and can instantly obtain the physical and chemical data of hydrothermal eruptions and capture the instantaneous changes of hydrothermal activities, which is of great significance in the dynamic and changeable deep-sea environment.

[0037] Reduced model dependence: The reliance on fluid dynamics and geological models is greatly reduced. By directly measuring the actual parameters of the vents, the uncertainty of parameter selection in the model and the potential error accumulation are avoided, thereby improving the accuracy of flux estimation.

[0038] Suitable for complex and highly heterogeneous environments: It can flexibly respond to the complex topography and highly heterogeneous eruption characteristics in deep-sea hydrothermal areas, and make precise measurements of the conditions of specific vents without relying on average assumptions for the entire area, which can more accurately reflect the actual situation in the hydrothermal area.

[0039] Providing multi-dimensional data: Simultaneously acquiring multiple physical and chemical parameters, such as temperature, flow rate, chemical component concentration, etc., for a more comprehensive analysis of the kinetic process, material circulation, and energy transfer of the hydrothermal system, thus enhancing the depth and breadth of the research.

[0040] It is possible to separately determine the characteristics and differences of the hydrothermal release flux of different types of eruption areas in the same hydrothermal area: by directly observing and measuring high-temperature vents, overflow areas and other different types of eruption areas, the specific parameters of each area are obtained, thereby accurately analyzing the hydrothermal release flux of each area, revealing the unique physical and chemical characteristics of each area, and providing a more detailed and accurate picture of the hydrothermal system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is a distribution map of the hydrothermal eruption area drawn based on the boundary coordinate information of the hydrothermal eruption area of ​​the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a field diagram of the present invention using in-situ Raman spectroscopy to measure the concentration of hydrothermal fluid components;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a field picture of the present invention using a turbine flowmeter to carry out hydrothermal vent flow velocity measurement. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention, and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

[0045] Example:

[0046] See also Figure 1 - Figure 3 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for estimating flux of multiple types of eruption areas in deep-sea hydrothermal areas based on direct measurement means, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Use the high-definition camera and ultra-short baseline positioning system carried by the submersible to conduct near-seabed detection of the deep-sea hydrothermal area and record the seabed conditions of the hydrothermal area, including the dynamic process of hydrothermal eruption, seabed topography characteristics, and the distribution of different temperature areas;

[0048] Step 2: Use the ultra-short baseline positioning system to record the coordinate position of each frame of high-definition image in real time. The positioning system accurately determines the relative position of the submersible on the seabed through communication with the seabed base station, ensuring that the image data corresponds to its corresponding geographical location one by one;

[0049] Step 3: Based on high-definition image data, manually identify the eruption characteristics of the hydrothermal area, including the location of high-temperature vents, the boundary of the hydrothermal overflow area, and the boundary of the non-eruption area. Combine the image data with the coordinate information provided by the ultra-short baseline positioning system to accurately calibrate the boundary position of the hydrothermal eruption area.

[0050] Step 4: Input the coordinate data of the identified boundary points of the hydrothermal eruption area into a geographic information system (GIS) or other computing tools to calculate the area of ​​the hydrothermal eruption area;

[0051] Step five: further analyze the image data to distinguish the effective areas actually involved in the eruption, and calculate the area of ​​these effective areas through the data of the ultra-short baseline positioning system.

[0052] The following steps are also included:

[0053] Step 1: Select representative vents in the entire hydrothermal area for measurement to ensure that the vents are evenly distributed to fully reflect the fluid component characteristics of different areas in the hydrothermal area;

[0054] Step 2: At the selected representative vents, the in-situ Raman spectroscopy detection system carried by the submersible is inserted into the hydrothermal vents to measure the concentrations of various chemical components in the hydrothermal fluids, such as CO2, CH4, H2S, etc., in real time and accurately to avoid possible changes in the samples when they are brought back to the surface.

[0055] Step three: Use the submersible's positioning system to record the specific location and depth of each detection, and associate the acquired component concentration data with the corresponding coordinates to establish a spatial model of component distribution in the hydrothermal area.

[0056] The following steps are also included:

[0057] Step 1: Take temperature measurements at the selected representative nozzles to ensure the representativeness and comprehensiveness of the temperature data;

[0058] Step 2: Insert the hydrothermal temperature probe carried by the submersible into the selected hydrothermal vent to measure the temperature of the hydrothermal fluid in real time. The probe is designed to withstand extreme high temperature environments and can provide high-precision temperature data to reflect the actual temperature conditions of the hydrothermal vent.

[0059] Step three: During the measurement process, the submersible's positioning system continues to record the specific location and depth of each measurement point to ensure that the temperature data accurately corresponds to its geographical location. These data will be used to construct a temperature distribution model for the hydrothermal area.

[0060] The following steps are also included:

[0061] Step 1: For the measurement of the overflow area, a turbine flowmeter carried by the submersible is used. The flowmeter is inserted into the fluid channel of the overflow area to record the fluid flow rate. The flow rate distribution map of the area is generated by combining the position data recorded by the positioning system.

[0062] Step 2: For the measurement of the high-temperature vent area, the laser Doppler flowmeter LDV carried by the submersible is used for measurement. The LDV aims the detector at the mainstream direction of the vent fluid and records the flow velocity data in real time to ensure that the dynamic changes of the fluid can be accurately captured;

[0063] In step three, all flow rate measurement data will be combined with the submersible's positioning system data to ensure that the flow rate at each measurement point accurately corresponds to its geographical location. These flow rate data will be integrated with the previous temperature and composition data to form a comprehensive dynamic model of the vent fluid in the hydrothermal area.

[0064] The following steps are also included:

[0065] Step 1: Consider the measured nozzle data as the average value within the small range, and estimate the material flux using the following formula:

[0066]

[0067] Among them, F m is the mass flux in kg / s, A ej is the effective area represented by the ith nozzle, in m 2 , C i is the concentration of the component at the ith nozzle, in kg / m 3 , i is the flow rate of the ith vent, in m / s. The material flux of the entire hydrothermal area is obtained by summing up the flux data of all measured vents;

[0068] Step 2: Estimate the heat flux using the following formula:

[0069]

[0070] Among them, F q is the heat flux, in units of w, and ρ is the density of the hydrothermal fluid, in units of kg / m 3 , C p is the specific heat capacity of the fluid at the i-th nozzle, in J / kg·K, ΔT i is the temperature difference data of the i-th nozzle, in units of K. By accumulating the heat flux data of all measured nozzles, the heat flux of the entire hydrothermal area can be obtained.

[0071] The high-definition camera and ultra-short baseline positioning system carried by the submersible are used to achieve high-precision detection of the hydrothermal area and accurate determination of the boundaries of the eruption area, as well as to use image and positioning data to assist in calculating the effective eruption area of ​​the hydrothermal area.

[0072] Representative vents are selected to measure component concentration, temperature and flow rate, and these data are extended to the entire effective eruption area. Representative data are used to infer and estimate the material flux and heat flux of the entire hydrothermal area.

[0073] An in-situ Raman spectroscopy detection system, hydrothermal temperature probe, turbine flowmeter and laser Doppler flowmeter are used to conduct comprehensive multi-parameter measurements of hydrothermal vents, and the multi-sensor data are integrated for a comprehensive assessment of the material flux and heat flux in the hydrothermal area.

[0074] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field and related fields without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The structures, devices and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention are implemented according to the conventional means in the field unless otherwise specified and limited.

Claims

1. A method for estimating flux of multiple types of eruption areas in deep-sea hydrothermal areas based on direct measurement means, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Use the high-definition camera and ultra-short baseline positioning system carried by the submersible to conduct near-seabed detection of the deep-sea hydrothermal area and record the seabed conditions of the hydrothermal area, including the dynamic process of hydrothermal eruption, seabed topography characteristics, and the distribution of different temperature areas; Step 2: Use the ultra-short baseline positioning system to record the coordinate position corresponding to each frame of high-definition image in real time. The positioning system determines the relative position of the submersible on the seabed by communicating with the seabed base station; Step 3: Based on high-definition image data, manually identify the eruption characteristics of the hydrothermal area, including the location of high-temperature vents, the boundary of the hydrothermal overflow area, and the boundary of the non-eruption area. Combine the image data with the coordinate information provided by the ultra-short baseline positioning system to calibrate the boundary position of the hydrothermal eruption area. Step 4: Input the coordinate data of the identified boundary points of the hydrothermal eruption area into the Geographic Information System (GIS) to calculate the area of ​​the hydrothermal eruption area; Step five: further analyze the image data to distinguish the effective areas actually involved in the eruption, and calculate the area of ​​these effective areas through the data of the ultra-short baseline positioning system.

2. The method for estimating flux of multiple types of eruption areas in deep-sea hydrothermal areas based on direct measurement means according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The following steps are also included: Step 1: Select representative vents in the entire hydrothermal area for measurement to ensure that the vents are evenly distributed to fully reflect the fluid component characteristics of different areas in the hydrothermal area; Step 2: At the selected representative vent, the in-situ Raman spectroscopy detection system carried by the submersible is inserted into the hydrothermal vent to measure the concentration of various chemical components in the hydrothermal fluid in real time; Step three: Use the submersible's positioning system to record the specific location and depth of each detection, and associate the acquired component concentration data with the coordinates to establish a spatial model of component distribution in the hydrothermal area.

3. The method for estimating flux of multiple types of eruption areas in deep-sea hydrothermal areas based on direct measurement means according to claim 2, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: Step 1: Take temperature measurements at the selected representative nozzles; Step 2: inserting a hydrothermal temperature probe carried by the submersible into the selected hydrothermal vent to measure the temperature of the hydrothermal fluid in real time; Step three: During the measurement process, the submersible's positioning system continues to record the specific location and depth of each measurement point.

4. The method for estimating flux of multiple types of eruption areas in deep-sea hydrothermal areas based on direct measurement means according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The following steps are also included: Step 1: For the measurement of the overflow area, a turbine flowmeter carried by the submersible is used. The flowmeter is inserted into the fluid channel of the overflow area to record the fluid flow rate. The flow rate distribution map of the area is generated by combining the position data recorded by the positioning system. Step 2: For the measurement of the high-temperature vent area, a laser Doppler velocimeter LDV carried by the submersible is used for measurement; Step three: All flow rate measurement data are combined with the submersible's positioning system data to ensure that the flow rate at each measurement point accurately corresponds to its geographical location. The flow rate data are integrated with the previous temperature and composition data to form a comprehensive dynamic model of the vent fluid in the hydrothermal area.

5. The method for estimating flux of multiple types of eruption areas in deep-sea hydrothermal areas based on direct measurement means according to claim 4, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: Step 1: Consider the measured nozzle data as the average value within the small range, and estimate the material flux using the following formula: Among them, F m is the mass flux in kg / s, A ej is the effective area represented by the ith nozzle, in m 2 , C i is the concentration of the component at the ith nozzle, in kg / m 3 , i is the flow rate of the ith vent, in m / s. The material flux of the entire hydrothermal area is obtained by summing up the flux data of all measured vents; Step 2: Estimate the heat flux using the following formula: Among them, F q is the heat flux, in units of w, and ρ is the density of the hydrothermal fluid, in units of kg / m 3 , C p is the specific heat capacity of the fluid at the i-th nozzle, in J / kg·K, ΔT i is the temperature difference data of the i-th nozzle, in units of K. By accumulating the heat flux data of all measured nozzles, the heat flux of the entire hydrothermal area can be obtained.

6. The method for estimating flux of multiple types of eruption areas in deep-sea hydrothermal areas based on direct measurement means according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The high-definition camera and ultra-short baseline positioning system carried by the submersible are used to achieve high-precision detection of the hydrothermal area and accurate determination of the boundaries of the eruption area, as well as to use image and positioning data to assist in calculating the effective eruption area of ​​the hydrothermal area.

7. The method for estimating flux of multiple types of eruption areas in deep-sea hydrothermal areas based on direct measurement means according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Representative vents are selected to measure component concentration, temperature and flow rate, and these data are extended to the entire effective eruption area. Representative data are used to infer and estimate the material flux and heat flux of the entire hydrothermal area.

8. The method for estimating flux of multiple types of eruption areas in deep-sea hydrothermal areas based on direct measurement means according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: An in-situ Raman spectroscopy detection system, hydrothermal temperature probe, turbine flowmeter and laser Doppler flowmeter are used to conduct comprehensive multi-parameter measurements of hydrothermal vents, and the multi-sensor data are integrated for a comprehensive assessment of the material flux and heat flux in the hydrothermal area.

Images