Dispersion flash spinning equipment and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fiber manufacturing, and discloses a dispersing flash spinning device and method.The dispersing flash spinning device comprises a reaction container, a negative pressure pumping device and a heating device.The reaction container is provided with a first connector, a second connector and a third connector, and the first connector is opposite to the second connector in position; the first connector is connected with the spinning nozzle, the second connector is connected with the deflection device, and the third connector is connected with the negative pressure pumping device. The negative pressure range of the reaction container is adjusted by controlling the negative pressure pumping device, and the temperature range of the reaction container is adjusted by controlling the heating device, so that the spinning solvent is fully volatilized, the adhesion of the nano-microfibers caused by the residual spinning solvent is prevented, and the quality of the prepared nano-microfibers is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fiber manufacturing, and in particular to a device and a method for dispersed flash spinning. Background Art

[0002] Flash spinning technology is a method for preparing nanofiber nonwoven fabrics. Its principle is to dissolve the fiber-forming polymer in an appropriate solvent under high temperature and high pressure conditions to form a uniform spinning solution, and then spray the solution from the spinneret. After spraying, the pressure suddenly drops to normal pressure, the solvent evaporates instantly due to overheating and generates a large amount of airflow. While the polymer is cooled, it is stretched to form nanofiber bundles. The direction of movement of the bundle can be changed by baffles and other equipment, and before reaching the receiving device, it passes through a high-voltage electrostatic field so that each fiber is charged and separated from each other, and then formed into a nonwoven fabric through processes such as laying and fixing the net.

[0003] The key to the formation of flash filaments lies in the spinneret design and the situation in a small area just after the solution leaves the spinneret. At this time, the solution is sprayed forward at a high speed and undergoes rapid solvent evaporation and polymer fiberization. However, due to the high speed of the polymer solution after it leaves the nozzle, the solvent is not completely evaporated, and residual solvent may remain between the fibers and the fibers, and between the fibers and the membrane in the filaments. These residual solvents will cause the fiber filaments to stick together and not be dispersed completely in the subsequent process, thus affecting the subsequent processing and product performance.

[0004] Patent 202111521830.5 discloses a flash spinning device based on a multidimensional steering plate and a spinning method thereof. This method uses multiple metal plates arranged between the spinneret and the conveying device to realize the physical step-by-step fiber division and fiber direction distribution of the fiber bundle. However, the equipment used in this method is relatively complex, and the fibers are difficult to control during the steering process. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dispersed flash spinning device and method, which has a simple structure and can solve the technical problem of fiber bundle adhesion and uneven dispersion caused by incomplete solvent volatilization during the flash spinning forming process.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a dispersed flash spinning device, which is connected to a spinning spinneret and a deflection device, and includes a reaction container, a negative pressure extraction device and a heating device for controlling the temperature of the reaction container. The reaction container is provided with a first interface, a second interface and a third interface. The first interface is opposite to the second interface. The first interface is connected to the spinning spinneret, the second interface is connected to the deflection device, and the third interface is connected to the negative pressure extraction device.

[0007] Preferably, the reaction container is in a cube shape, the first interface and the second interface are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the reaction container, and the third interface is arranged on an adjacent side of the plane where the first interface or the second interface is located.

[0008] Preferably, the first interface and the second interface are arranged at the same horizontal position of the reaction container.

[0009] Preferably, the reaction container is further provided with a fourth interface, the fourth interface is connected to the negative pressure extraction device, and the fourth interface is opposite to the third interface.

[0010] Preferably, the heating device controls the temperature of the reaction container to be 40-100°C.

[0011] Preferably, the negative pressure extraction device controls the pressure of the reaction container to be 5-80 kPa.

[0012] Preferably, the heating device comprises a plurality of heating plates, and the plurality of heating plates are respectively attached to the plane where the first interface, the second interface, the third interface and the fourth interface are located.

[0013] In order to achieve the same purpose, the present invention also provides a method based on the dispersed flash spinning equipment, first preparing a spinning solution, the spinning solution is sprayed out from the spinning spinneret, enters the reaction container from the first interface, the negative pressure extraction device extracts the gas from the reaction container, the heating device heats the temperature of the reaction container, the spinning solvent evaporates to form dispersed fiber bundles, and the fiber bundles enter the deflection device from the second interface.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the dispersed flash spinning device of the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] When a dispersed flash spinning device according to an embodiment of the present invention is in use, a spinning solution is ejected from a spinning spinneret and then enters a reaction vessel from a first interface. A negative pressure extraction device connected to a third interface extracts gas to reduce the pressure in the reaction vessel to form a negative pressure state. A heating device heats the reaction vessel to increase the temperature in the container, so that the spinning solvent evaporates instantly after passing through the reaction vessel, thereby reducing adhesion between fibers. Under negative pressure and high temperature conditions, the spinning solution can form more dispersed fiber bundles, thereby reducing the solvent content in the formed nanofibers. The fiber bundles then enter the deflection device from the second interface and continue the subsequent process flow. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of a dispersed flash spinning device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the reaction container, the spinning spinneret and the deflection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure, 100, reaction container; 1, first interface; 2, second interface; 3, third interface; 4, fourth interface; 200, negative pressure extraction device; 300, heating device; 400, spinning spinneret; 500, deflection device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the present invention uses the terms "first", "second", etc. to describe various information, but these information should not be limited to these terms, and these terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, "first" information may also be referred to as "second" information, and similarly, "second" information may also be referred to as "first" information.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0022] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a dispersed flash spinning device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is connected with a spinning spinneret 400 and a deflection device 500, and includes a reaction vessel 100, a negative pressure extraction device 200 and a heating device 300 for controlling the temperature of the reaction vessel 100, the reaction vessel 100 is provided with a first interface 1, a second interface 2 and a third interface 3, the first interface 1 is opposite to the second interface 2, the first interface 1 is connected to the spinning spinneret 400, the second interface 2 is connected to the deflection device 500, and the third interface 3 is connected to the negative pressure extraction device 200.

[0023] Based on the above technical scheme, in this embodiment, a first interface 1 and a second interface 2 are opened on opposite sides of the reaction vessel 100 for respectively connecting the spinning spinneret 400 and the deflection device 500, and a third interface 3 is opened for connecting the negative pressure extraction device 200. When the device is used, the spinning solution is ejected from the spinning spinneret 400 and then enters the reaction vessel 100 from the first interface 1. The negative pressure extraction device 200 draws gas to reduce the pressure in the reaction vessel 100 to form a negative pressure state. The heating device 300 heats the reaction vessel 100 to increase the temperature in the container, so that the spinning solvent will evaporate instantly after passing through the reaction vessel 100, thereby reducing the solvent content in the formed nanofibers and forming more dispersed fiber bundles. The fiber bundles then enter the deflection device 500 from the second interface 2 and continue the subsequent process flow. The equipment of this embodiment can adjust the negative pressure range of the reaction container 100 by controlling the negative pressure extraction device 200, and adjust the temperature range of the reaction container 100 by controlling the heating device 300, so that the spinning solvent can evaporate fully, thereby preventing the residual spinning solvent from causing the nano-micro fibers to stick together, and improving the quality of the prepared nano-micro fibers.

[0024] More specifically, in this embodiment, the reaction vessel 100 is designed as a rectangular or elliptical or similar shaped chamber, which is a hollow structure with a wall thickness of 1-3 mm and a volume of 1000-50000 cm 3 The chamber has openings on the front, back, left and right sides, namely the first interface 1, the second interface 2 and the third interface 3. The shape of the openings can be circular (diameter 10mm-50mm), square (side length 10mm-60mm), rectangular (length 20mm-80mm, width 10mm-50mm) or irregular (area 100-1500mm 2 ), the first interface 1 and the second interface 2 can be in the middle or at the edge of each surface of the chamber. Among them, the first interface 1 in front of the chamber allows the fiber bundle to enter, and the second interface 2 with an opening at the back allows the fiber bundle to be ejected; the third interfaces 3 on the left and right are used to connect a suction pump to suck gas to generate a certain negative pressure in the chamber. A heating device is installed outside or inside the chamber to increase the temperature of the chamber. The first opening interface 1 in the front is connected to the nozzle, and the second opening interface 2 in the back is aligned with the deflection device 500, and can also be at a certain distance from the nozzle (0-20mm), and the opening in the back is aligned with the fiber deflection device. The chamber of the device can generate negative pressure during spinning, and the heating device can make the device have a certain temperature. The negative pressure and high temperature state are conducive to the volatilization of the solvent in the flash fiber bundle forming process, and the pressure and temperature can be adjusted within a certain range.

[0025] Specifically, Figure 1As shown, the reaction container 100 in this embodiment is in a cube shape, the first interface 1 and the second interface 2 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the reaction container 100, and the third interface 3 is arranged on the adjacent side of the plane where the first interface 1 or the second interface 2 is located. The spinning solution enters the reaction container 100 from the first interface 1, and the solvent evaporates rapidly in the reaction container 100 under negative pressure and high temperature, which is more thorough than evaporation without the reaction container 100. The nanofibers formed by cooling the polymer will be more dispersed, and the fully dispersed fiber bundles come out from the second interface 2 opposite to the first interface 1 and then enter the deflection device 500.

[0026] More specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the first interface 1 and the second interface 2 are arranged at the same horizontal position of the reaction container 100, that is, the positions of the first interface 1 and the second interface 2 are exactly opposite to each other. When the spinning solution enters the reaction container 100 from the first interface 1, the direction in which the air is sucked by the third interface 3 is perpendicular to the movement direction of the fiber, so that the solvent can be fully evaporated as much as possible and the residual solvent can be reduced to form a dispersed fiber bundle.

[0027] Furthermore, if Figure 1 As shown, the reaction container 100 in this embodiment is further provided with a fourth interface 4, the fourth interface 4 is connected to the negative pressure extraction device 200, and the fourth interface 4 is opposite to the third interface 3. In this embodiment, negative pressure suction ports are formed on both sides of the vertical direction of the fiber movement to improve the negative pressure extraction effect and make the solvent evaporate as much as possible.

[0028] Preferably, the heating device 300 in this embodiment controls the temperature of the reaction container 100 to be 40-100° C. The heating device 300 is installed outside or inside the reaction container 100 to control the surface temperature of the reaction container 100 to be 50-250° C., and to keep the gas in the reaction container 100 at 40-100° C. In this temperature range, the evaporation effect of the solvent will be better, the solvent will evaporate fully, and the adhesion of the nanofibers caused by the residual solvent will be prevented.

[0029] More preferably, the negative pressure device 200 in this embodiment controls the pressure of the reaction container 100 to be 5-80 kPa. Within this pressure range, the nanofibers formed by cooling the polymer are more dispersed and the quality of the formed fibers is better.

[0030] Furthermore, the heating device 300 in this embodiment includes multiple heating plates, and the multiple heating plates are respectively attached to the planes where the first interface 1, the second interface 2, the third interface 3 and the fourth interface 4 are located. The temperature of each position in the reaction container 100 can be accurately controlled by the heating plates.

[0031] In order to achieve the same purpose, the present invention also provides a method based on the dispersed flash spinning device, first preparing a spinning solution, the spinning solution is sprayed out from the spinning spinneret 400, and enters the reaction vessel 100 from the first interface 1, the negative pressure extraction device 200 extracts the gas from the reaction vessel 100, the heating device 300 heats the temperature of the reaction vessel 100, the spinning solvent evaporates to form dispersed fiber bundles, and the fiber bundles enter the deflection device 500 from the second interface 2.

[0032] The working process of the present invention is as follows: when the equipment is used, the spinning solution is ejected from the spinning spinneret, and then enters the reaction container from the first interface, the negative pressure device sucks the gas to reduce the pressure in the reaction container to form a negative pressure state, the heating device heats the reaction container to increase the temperature in the container, so that the spinning solvent will evaporate instantly after passing through the reaction container, thereby reducing the solvent content in the formed nanofibers, reducing the adhesion between fibers, and forming more dispersed fiber bundles, and the fiber bundles then enter the deflection device from the second interface and continue the subsequent process flow.

[0033] In summary, an embodiment of the present invention provides a dispersed flash spinning device, which controls the negative pressure range of the reaction container by controlling the negative pressure extraction device, and controls the temperature range of the reaction container by controlling the heating device, so that the spinning solvent can be fully evaporated, thereby preventing the residual spinning solvent from causing the nano-micro fibers to stick together, thereby improving the quality of the prepared nano-micro fibers.

[0034] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dispersed flash spinning device, connected with a spinning spinneret (400) and a deflection device (500), characterized in that: The invention comprises a reaction container (100), a negative pressure extraction device (200) and a heating device (300) for controlling the temperature of the reaction container (100); the reaction container (100) is provided with a first interface (1), a second interface (2) and a third interface (3); the first interface (1) and the second interface (2) are located opposite to each other; the first interface (1) is connected to the spinning spinneret (400); the second interface (2) is connected to the deflection device (500); and the third interface (3) is connected to the negative pressure extraction device (200).

2. The dispersed flash spinning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction container (100) is in a cubic shape, the first interface (1) and the second interface (2) are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the reaction container (100), and the third interface (3) is arranged on an adjacent side of the plane where the first interface (1) or the second interface (2) is located.

3. The dispersed flash spinning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first interface (1) and the second interface (2) are arranged at the same horizontal position of the reaction container (100).

4. The dispersed flash spinning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reaction container (100) is further provided with a fourth interface (4), the fourth interface (4) being connected to the negative pressure extraction device (200), and the fourth interface (4) is located opposite to the third interface (3).

5. The dispersed flash spinning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating device (300) controls the temperature of the reaction container (100) to be 40-100°C.

6. The dispersed flash spinning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative pressure extraction device (200) controls the pressure of the reaction container (100) to be 5-80 kPa.

7. The dispersed flash spinning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heating device (300) comprises a plurality of heating plates, and the plurality of heating plates are respectively attached to the plane where the first interface (1), the second interface (2), the third interface (3) and the fourth interface (4) are located.

8. A method for dispersed flash spinning, based on the dispersed flash spinning equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: A spinning solution is first prepared, and the spinning solution is ejected from the spinning spinneret (400) and enters the reaction container (100) from the first interface (1). The negative pressure extraction device (200) extracts the gas from the reaction container (100), and the heating device (300) heats the temperature of the reaction container (100). The spinning solvent evaporates to form dispersed fiber bundles, and the fiber bundles enter the deflection device (500) from the second interface (2).

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