Rolling element unit load test device and test method for rolling bearings

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of bearing test, and relates to a rolling bearing rolling element unit load test device and test method, including an outer ring clamping device, a roller clamping device, an inner ring guide device, a radial and bending moment loading device, an axial loading device and a rolling element unit; the rolling element unit includes a bearing outer ring simulation block, a bearing inner ring simulation block and a roller, the outer ring clamping device limits the omnidirectional freedom of the bearing outer ring simulation block, the roller clamping device limits the rotational freedom of the roller, the inner ring guide device is used to assemble the bearing inner ring simulation block, the axial loading device abuts on the bearing inner ring simulation block to provide an axial load, the radial and bending moment loading device abuts on the bearing inner ring simulation block to provide a radial load for the rolling element unit, and the inner ring guide device is a movement guide limiter for the bearing inner ring simulation block. The composite loading and strain under the equivalent constraint conditions of the rolling element monomer boundary are realized, and the bearing performance and test experimental research are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing tests, and in particular relates to a rolling bearing rolling element unit load test device and a test method. Background Art

[0002] Rolling bearings are widely used in various rotating machines. In actual movement, they mainly bear axial loads, radial loads and bending moment loads. Under complex load conditions, the inner ring of the bearing will deflect and displace at a certain angle, and drive the roller to deflect and displace. The bearing bears the load through the contact between the rolling element and the inner and outer rings. It is of great significance to obtain the mechanical properties of the rolling element and the inner and outer rings under complex load conditions.

[0003] Currently, most of the papers on the mechanical properties of single rolling element units and inner and outer rings are based on bearing theory simulation or calculation analysis. There is a lack of experimental verification for simulation analysis, and there is a lack of simulation rolling element unit load test equipment and test methods for complex boundaries such as axial loading, radial loading, and bending moment loading. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the deficiencies in the prior art and proposes a rolling bearing rolling element unit load test device and test method for testing and studying the mechanical properties of a single rolling element and inner and outer rings.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a rolling bearing rolling body unit load-bearing test device, including an outer ring clamping device, a roller clamping device, an inner ring guiding device, a radial and bending moment loading device, an axial loading device and a rolling body unit; the rolling body unit includes a bearing outer ring simulation block, a bearing inner ring simulation block and a roller, the roller is clamped between the bearing outer ring simulation block and the bearing inner ring simulation block, the outer ring clamping device is clamped on the bearing outer ring simulation block to limit the omnidirectional freedom of the bearing outer ring simulation block, the roller clamping device is clamped on the roller to limit the rotational freedom of the roller, the inner ring guiding device is used to assemble the bearing inner ring simulation block, the axial loading device is abutted on the bearing inner ring simulation block to provide axial load for the rolling body unit, the radial and bending moment loading device is abutted on the bearing inner ring simulation block to provide radial load for the rolling body unit, and the inner ring guiding device is used to guide and limit the movement of the bearing inner ring simulation block.

[0006] Furthermore, the test device also includes a test bench frame, which is composed of several square tubes welded together, and the outer ring clamping device, inner ring guiding device, radial and bending moment loading device, and axial loading device are all fixed on the test bench frame.

[0007] Further, the rolling body unit is a partial bearing structure within the fan-shaped area of ​​the bearing where a single rolling body is located, a portion of the outer ring within the fan-shaped area of ​​the bearing forms a bearing outer ring simulation block, a portion of the inner ring within the fan-shaped area of ​​the bearing forms a bearing inner ring simulation block, the connecting surface of the bearing outer ring simulation blocks in adjacent fan-shaped areas is the bearing outer ring simulation block splitting surface, and the connecting surface of the bearing inner ring simulation blocks in adjacent fan-shaped areas is the bearing inner ring simulation block splitting surface.

[0008] Further, the outer ring clamping device includes a vise assembly and a separate housing, an assembly cavity adapted to the bearing outer ring simulation block is formed in the separate housing, two opposite clamping plates of the separate housing are clamped on two section surfaces of the bearing outer ring simulation block, and at least one of the two clamping plates is separately arranged from the main housing of the separate housing; the vise assembly is arranged on the separate housing, the vise assembly includes a fixed clamp body and a movable clamp body, the fixed clamp body is fixedly arranged, and the movable clamp body is movably arranged on the fixed clamp body, the fixed clamp body and the movable clamp body are respectively connected to the two clamping plates, and the movable clamp body drives the separated clamping plate to approach or move away from the other clamping plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the fixed clamp body of the vise assembly is provided with fixing holes on both sides, and the fixing bolts pass through the fixing holes and are connected to the test bench frame body, so that the vise assembly is connected and fixed to the test bench frame body.

[0010] Furthermore, a screw rod is provided on the fixed clamp body, and the screw rod is rotated by turning a knob. A nut is threadedly connected to the screw rod, and the nut is fixedly connected to or integrally arranged with the movable clamp body; the outer ring clamping device also includes an angular reinforcing rib baffle, the transverse plane of the reinforcing rib baffle is fixed, and the longitudinal plane of the reinforcing rib baffle is connected to the separate box body, and the reinforcing rib baffle is arranged on the side opposite to the axial loading device to provide axial support for the rolling body unit.

[0011] Furthermore, the screw rod passes through the fixed pliers body, and a cotter pin is arranged at the end of the screw rod to prevent the screw rod from slipping out of the assembly opening of the fixed pliers body.

[0012] Furthermore, the transverse plane of the reinforcing rib baffle is connected and fixed to the test bench frame by bolts and hexagonal nuts; the longitudinal plane of the reinforcing rib baffle is connected and fixed to the main box body of the separate box body by bolts, and the separate box body is fixed to the test bench frame by the reinforcing rib baffle.

[0013] Furthermore, the nut is connected to the movable pliers body via a pin shaft, which is convenient for disassembly.

[0014] Furthermore, the roller clamping device includes a clamping block and a connecting plate. There are two clamping blocks, which are respectively clamped on both sides of the outer circumference of the roller. The surface of the clamping block in contact with the roller is provided with a concave arc groove adapted to the outer circumference of the roller. The two clamping blocks are respectively connected to the two clamping plates of the separate box through the connecting plates and clamp the roller as the clamping plates move.

[0015] Furthermore, the inner ring guide device includes a fixed guide block, an axial guide groove is formed on the upper surface of the guide block, the inner surface of the bearing inner ring simulation block is assembled in the guide groove, and the bearing inner ring simulation block moves along the surface of the guide groove under the action of the axial loading device, radial and bending moment loading devices.

[0016] Furthermore, the guide block base is connected to the test bench frame through hexagonal bolts, elastic washers and hexagonal nuts.

[0017] Furthermore, the guide block is provided with a through rectangular hole in the radial direction, and the rectangular hole is for the radial and bending moment loading devices to pass through the guide block and abut against the inner surface of the bearing inner ring simulation block; the inner surface of the bearing inner ring simulation block is a part of the inner surface of the bearing inner ring, and when several bearing inner ring simulation blocks are combined to form a complete bearing inner ring, the inner surfaces of several bearing inner ring simulation blocks are combined to form the inner surface of the bearing inner ring.

[0018] Furthermore, the axial loading device is an axial hydraulic cylinder, the piston rod of the axial hydraulic cylinder is abutted against one end face of the bearing inner ring simulation block; the piston rod of the axial hydraulic cylinder is connected to the bearing inner ring simulation block through a self-aligning floating interface, and a spherical top block is provided in the self-aligning floating interface for compensating for the eccentricity error between the piston rod and the cylinder body.

[0019] Furthermore, the axial hydraulic cylinder is fixed on an axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate, and the axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate is mounted on the test bench frame through hexagon socket bolts, elastic washers and hexagon nuts.

[0020] The radial and bending moment loading device includes a radial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate and two radial hydraulic cylinders arranged side by side along the axial direction, the two radial hydraulic cylinders are fixed on the radial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate, the radial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate is slidably connected to the axially extending guide rail, and the piston rods of the two radial hydraulic cylinders pass through the inner ring guide device and are supported on the inner surface of the bearing inner ring simulation block; the piston rod ends of the two radial hydraulic cylinders are provided with self-aligning floating interfaces, which are supported on the bearing inner ring simulation block through the self-aligning floating interfaces, and a spherical top block for compensating for the eccentricity error between the piston rod and the cylinder body is provided in the self-aligning floating interface.

[0021] Furthermore, the guide rails are fixed on the test bench frame, and there are two guide rails located on both sides of the radial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate.

[0022] Furthermore, a rectangular through groove is provided on the inner ring guide device, and the piston rods of the two radial hydraulic cylinders pass through the through groove and abut against the inner surface of the bearing inner ring simulation block.

[0023] Furthermore, the self-aligning floating interface is a spherical flange interface.

[0024] Furthermore, the test device also includes a collection unit, which includes an axial displacement sensor, a radial displacement sensor, a strain gauge, a collection system and a computer. The axial displacement sensor contacts and detects the end face of the bearing inner ring simulation block away from the axial loading device. There are two radial displacement sensors, which contact and detect the two ends of the inner surface of the bearing inner ring simulation block respectively. The strain gauge is arranged on the contact surface between the circumferential rolling surface of the roller and the raceway of the bearing inner ring simulation block; the axial displacement sensor, the radial displacement sensor and the strain gauge are connected to the collection system through signals and displayed by the computer.

[0025] Furthermore, the axial displacement sensor is clamped on the axial displacement sensor mounting plate by two nuts, and the axial displacement sensor mounting plate is fixed on the longitudinal plane of the reinforcing rib baffle.

[0026] Furthermore, the radial displacement sensor is clamped on a radial displacement sensor mounting plate by two nuts, and the radial displacement sensor mounting plate is fixed in a rectangular through groove of the inner ring guide device.

[0027] Furthermore, the test bench frame is composed of several square tubes welded together, and the test bench frame is provided with a vise assembly fixing hole, an axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate connecting surface, a bottom guide rail fixing hole, an inner ring guide device fixing hole and a reinforcing rib baffle connecting surface; the vise assembly fixing hole is connected to the fixed clamp body of the vise assembly by bolts, so that it is fixed to the test bench frame; the axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate connecting surface is connected to the axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate by bolts, so that it is fixed to the test bench frame; the bottom guide rail fixing hole is connected to the guide rail by bolts, so that it is fixed to the test bench frame; the inner ring guide device fixing hole is connected to the inner ring guide device by bolts, so that it is fixed to the test bench frame; the reinforcing rib baffle connecting surface is connected to the reinforcing rib baffle by bolts, so that it is fixed to the test bench frame; various parts of the device are fixed to the test bench frame through different connection methods to ensure the normal operation of each part.

[0028] The test method of the above test device is adopted to constrain the freedom degree of the rolling element unit through the outer ring clamping device, the roller clamping device and the inner ring guide device, and the axial load is applied to the rolling element unit through the axial loading device. The axial displacement of the rolling element unit is extracted through the axial displacement sensor. The applied axial load is F a, the extracted axial deformation is δ 3 , the axial stiffness of the bearing inner ring simulation block is obtained K a = dF a / dδ 3 , where d is the differential sign; radial load is applied to the rolling element through radial and moment loading devices, and radial displacement of the rolling element is extracted through two radial displacement sensors. The center span distance of the two radial hydraulic cylinders is D, and the applied radial load is F r1 as well as F r2 The extracted radial deformations are δ 1 and δ 2 , the total radial deformation δ z =( δ 1 + δ 2 ) / 2, and the radial stiffness of the inner ring of the bearing is obtained. K r =( F r1 + F r2 ) / δ z ,exist F r1 and F r2 When they are not equal, the deflection angle of the inner ring of the bearing θ =( δ 2 - δ 1 ) / D, through torque M And the deflection angle θ Get the contact angle stiffness of the bearing inner ring S r = M / θ In the radial and bending moment loading device, when the radial loads applied by the two radial hydraulic cylinders are equal, the radial and bending moment loading device only loads the radial load on the rolling element unit. When the radial loads applied by the two radial hydraulic cylinders are different in magnitude, the product of the difference between the larger radial load and the smaller radial load and the center span distance D of the two radial hydraulic cylinders is the bending moment magnitude.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention proposes a rolling body unit load-bearing test device having an outer ring boundary constraint device and an inner ring guide device, combined with axial force, radial force and bending moment loading devices, to achieve composite loading under the rolling body monomer boundary equivalent constraint conditions, and further has a test device capable of obtaining the bearing displacement and strain under loading conditions, thereby realizing the bearing performance and test experimental research under the bearing loading under the equivalent constraint boundary conditions of the monomer bearing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of overall bearing degrees of freedom and loading principle;

[0031] Figure 2 Overall diagram of the overall bearing degrees of freedom and loading principle;

[0032] Figure 3 Degree of freedom diagram of rolling element under loading;

[0033] Figure 4 Axonometric drawing of the overall structure of the test device;

[0034] Figure 5 Cross-sectional view of the test device;

[0035] Figure 6 Test equipment assembly diagram (without test bench frame);

[0036] Figure 7 Structural diagram of axial loading device;

[0037] Figure 8 Functional diagram of the axial loading device;

[0038] Fig. 9 Structural diagram of radial and moment loading device;

[0039] Fig.10 Functional diagram of radial and moment loading devices;

[0040] Fig.11 Axonometric view of the outer ring clamping device;

[0041] Fig.12 Axonometric view of the vise assembly;

[0042] Fig.13 Structural diagram of roller circumferential clamping device;

[0043] Fig.14 Functional diagram of roller circumferential clamping device;

[0044] Fig.15 Structural diagram of the inner ring axial and radial guide and longitudinal restraint devices;

[0045] Fig.16Functional diagram of the inner ring axial and radial guide and longitudinal restraint devices;

[0046] Fig.17 Axonometric drawing of the test bench frame;

[0047] Fig.18 Schematic diagram of the acquisition unit;

[0048] Fig.19 Strain gauge layout diagram;

[0049] Fig. 20 Displacement sensor layout diagram;

[0050] Fig.21 Schematic diagram of displacement sensor;

[0051] In the figure:

[0052] 1 outer ring clamping device, 11 vise assembly, 111 fixed clamp body, 112 movable clamp body, 113 screw rod, 114 knob, 115 nut, 116 split pin, 12 split housing, 121 clamping plate, 122 main housing, 13 fixing hole, 14 reinforcing rib baffle, 15 reinforcing rib baffle connecting hexagon socket bolt, 16 reinforcing rib baffle fixing hexagon nut;

[0053] 2 roller clamping device, 21 connecting plate, 22 hexagonal bolts for fixing the connecting plate, 23 clamping block;

[0054] 3 inner ring guide device, 31 guide block, 32 guide block fixing hexagonal bolt, 33 guide block fixing elastic washer, 34 guide block fixing hexagonal nut;

[0055] 4 axial loading device, 41 axial hydraulic cylinder self-aligning floating interface, 42 axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate, 43 axial hydraulic cylinder, 44 mounting plate fixing hexagon socket bolt, 45 mounting plate fixing elastic washer, 46 mounting plate fixing hexagon nut;

[0056] 5 radial and bending moment loading device, 51 radial hydraulic cylinder self-aligning floating interface, 52 radial hydraulic cylinder, 53 radial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate, 54 flat head hexagonal bolt, 55 level washer, 56 slider, 57 guide rail;

[0057] 6 test bench body, 61 vise assembly fixing hole, 62 axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate connection surface, 63 bottom guide rail fixing hole, 64 inner ring guide device fixing hole, 65 reinforcing rib baffle connection surface;

[0058] 7 rolling element unit, 71 bearing outer ring simulation block, 72 roller, 73 bearing inner ring simulation block;

[0059] 8 acquisition unit, 81 radial displacement sensor, 82 strain gauge, 83 axial displacement sensor, 84 acquisition system, 85 computer;

[0060] P, strain gauge installation position, Q, contact area between roller end face and large rib of bearing inner ring simulation block;

[0061] δ ix It refers to the deformation of the inner ring of the bearing in the x direction. δ iy It refers to the deformation of the inner ring of the bearing in the y direction. θ iy It refers to the deflection angle of the inner ring of the bearing in the y direction; δ rx It refers to the displacement of the rolling element in the x direction under the action of load. δ ry It refers to the displacement of the rolling element in the y direction under the action of load. θ ry It refers to the deflection angle of the rolling element in the y direction under the action of load. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] In order to make the structure and function of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0063] See attached Figure 1-21 The rolling element unit load test device of a rolling bearing comprises an outer ring clamping device 1, a roller clamping device 2, an inner ring guide device 3, a radial and bending moment loading device 5, an axial loading device 4 and a rolling element unit 7; the rolling element unit 7 comprises a bearing outer ring simulation block 71, a bearing inner ring simulation block 73 and a roller 72, the roller 72 is clamped between the bearing outer ring simulation block 71 and the bearing inner ring simulation block 73, the outer ring clamping device 1 is clamped on the bearing outer ring simulation block 71 to limit the bearing outer ring The inner ring simulation block 71 has all-directional freedom, the roller clamping device 2 is clamped on the roller 72 to limit the rotational freedom of the roller 72, the inner ring guide device 3 is used to assemble the bearing inner ring simulation block 73, the axial loading device 4 is pressed against the bearing inner ring simulation block 73 to provide axial load for the rolling element unit 7, the radial and bending moment loading device 5 is pressed against the bearing inner ring simulation block 73 to provide radial load for the rolling element unit 7, and the inner ring guide device 3 guides and limits the movement of the bearing inner ring simulation block 73.

[0064] Furthermore, the test device also includes a test bench frame 6 , and the outer ring clamping device 1 , the inner ring guiding device 3 , the radial and bending moment loading device 5 , and the axial loading device 4 are all fixed on the test bench frame 6 .

[0065] Furthermore, the rolling body unit 7 is a partial bearing structure within the fan-shaped area of ​​the bearing where a single rolling body is located, and the partial outer ring within the fan-shaped area of ​​the bearing forms a bearing outer ring simulation block 71, and the partial inner ring within the fan-shaped area of ​​the bearing forms a bearing inner ring simulation block 73. The connecting surface of the bearing outer ring simulation blocks 71 in adjacent fan-shaped areas is the bearing outer ring simulation block splitting surface, and the connecting surface of the bearing inner ring simulation blocks 73 in adjacent fan-shaped areas is the bearing inner ring simulation block splitting surface.

[0066] Furthermore, the outer ring clamping device 1 includes a vise assembly 11 and a separate housing 12, wherein an assembly cavity adapted to the bearing outer ring simulation block 71 is formed in the separate housing 12, and two clamping plates 121 opposite to the separate housing 12 are clamped on two section surfaces of the bearing outer ring simulation block 71, and at least one of the two clamping plates is separately arranged from the main housing of the separate housing 12; the vise assembly 11 is arranged on the separate housing 12, and the vise assembly 11 includes a fixed clamp body 111 and a movable clamp body 112, the fixed clamp body 111 is fixedly arranged, and the movable clamp body 112 is movably arranged on the fixed clamp body 111, the fixed clamp body 111 and the movable clamp body 112 are respectively connected to the two clamping plates 121, and the movable clamp body 112 drives the separated clamping plate 121 to approach or move away from the other clamping plate.

[0067] Furthermore, the fixed clamp body 111 of the vise assembly 11 is provided with fixing holes 13 on both sides, and the fixing bolts pass through the fixing holes 13 and are connected to the test bench frame body 6 , so that the vise assembly 11 is connected and fixed to the test bench frame body 6 .

[0068] Furthermore, a screw rod 113 is provided on the fixed clamp body 111, and the screw rod 113 is rotated by turning a knob 114. A nut 115 is threadedly connected to the screw rod 113, and the nut 115 is fixedly connected to or integrally arranged with the movable clamp body 112; the outer ring clamping device 1 also includes an angular reinforcing rib baffle 14, the transverse plane of the reinforcing rib baffle 14 is fixed, and the longitudinal plane of the reinforcing rib baffle is connected to the separate box body 14, and the reinforcing rib baffle 14 is arranged on the side opposite to the axial loading device 4 to provide axial support for the rolling body unit 7.

[0069] Furthermore, the screw rod 113 passes through the fixed pliers body 111 , and a cotter pin 116 is provided at the end of the screw rod 113 to prevent the screw rod 113 from slipping out of the assembly opening of the fixed pliers body.

[0070] Furthermore, the transverse plane of the reinforcing rib baffle 14 is connected and fixed to the test bench frame 6 by bolts and hexagonal nuts 16; the longitudinal plane of the reinforcing rib baffle 14 is connected and fixed to the main box body of the separate box body by hexagon socket bolts 15, and the separate box body 12 is fixed to the test bench frame 6 by the reinforcing rib baffle 14.

[0071] Furthermore, the nut 115 is fixedly connected to the movable pliers body 112 via a pin shaft, which is convenient for disassembly.

[0072] Furthermore, the roller clamping device 2 includes a clamping block 23 and a connecting plate 21. There are two clamping blocks 23, and the two clamping blocks 23 are respectively clamped on both sides of the outer circumference of the roller 72. The surface of the clamping block 23 in contact with the roller is provided with a concave arc groove adapted to the outer circumference of the roller. The two clamping blocks 23 are respectively connected to the two clamping plates 121 of the separate box through the connecting plate 21 and clamp the roller as the clamping plate moves.

[0073] Furthermore, the inner ring guide device 3 includes a fixed guide block 31, an upper surface of which is formed with an axial guide groove, the inner surface of the bearing inner ring simulation block 73 is assembled in the guide groove, and the bearing inner ring simulation block 73 moves along the surface of the guide groove under the action of the axial loading device 4 and the radial and bending moment loading device 5.

[0074] Furthermore, the base of the guide block 31 is connected to the test bench frame 6 through a guide block fixing hexagonal bolt 34 , a guide block fixing elastic washer 33 and a guide block fixing hexagonal nut 32 .

[0075] Furthermore, the guide block 31 is provided with a through rectangular hole in the radial direction, and the rectangular hole is for the radial and bending moment loading device 5 to pass through the guide block and abut against the inner surface of the bearing inner ring simulation block 73; the inner surface of the bearing inner ring simulation block 73 is a part of the inner surface of the bearing inner ring, and when several bearing inner ring simulation blocks are combined to form a complete bearing inner ring, the inner surfaces of several bearing inner ring simulation blocks are combined to form the inner surface of the bearing inner ring.

[0076] Furthermore, the axial loading device is an axial hydraulic cylinder 43, the piston rod of the axial hydraulic cylinder 43 is abutted against one end face of the bearing inner ring simulation block 73; the piston rod of the axial hydraulic cylinder 43 is connected to the bearing inner ring simulation block 73 through a self-aligning floating interface 41, and a spherical top block is provided in the self-aligning floating interface 41 for compensating for the eccentricity error between the piston rod and the cylinder body.

[0077] Furthermore, the axial hydraulic cylinder 43 is fixed on an axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate, and the axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate is mounted on the test bench frame 6 by means of hexagon socket bolts, elastic washers and hexagon nuts.

[0078] The radial and bending moment loading device includes a radial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 53 and two radial hydraulic cylinders 52 arranged side by side along the axial direction. The two radial hydraulic cylinders 52 are fixed on the radial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 53. The radial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 53 is slidably connected to the axially extending guide rail 57. The piston rods of the two radial hydraulic cylinders 52 pass through the inner ring guide device 3 and are abutted against the inner surface of the bearing inner ring simulation block 73; the piston rod ends of the two radial hydraulic cylinders 52 are both provided with self-aligning floating interfaces 51, which are abutted against the bearing inner ring simulation block 73 through the self-aligning floating interface 51, and a spherical top block is provided in the self-aligning floating interface 51 for compensating for the eccentricity error between the piston rod and the cylinder body.

[0079] Furthermore, the guide rails 57 are fixed on the test bench frame 6 , and there are two guide rails 57 , which are located on both sides of the radial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 53 .

[0080] Furthermore, the radial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 53 is connected to the slider 56 via a flat-head hexagonal bolt 54 and a level washer 55 , and the slider 56 is slidably disposed on the guide rail 57 .

[0081] Furthermore, a rectangular through groove is provided on the inner ring guide device 3 , and the piston rods of the two radial hydraulic cylinders 52 pass through the through groove and abut against the inner surface of the bearing inner ring simulation block 73 .

[0082] Furthermore, the self-aligning floating interfaces 41, 51 are spherical flange interfaces.

[0083] Furthermore, the test device also includes a collection unit, which includes an axial displacement sensor 83, a radial displacement sensor 81, a strain gauge 82, a collection system 84 and a computer 85. The axial displacement sensor 83 contacts and detects the end face of the bearing inner ring simulation block 73 away from the axial loading device 4. There are two radial displacement sensors 81, which contact and detect the two ends of the inner surface of the bearing inner ring simulation block 73 respectively. The strain gauge 82 is arranged on the contact surface between the circumferential rolling surface of the roller 72 and the raceway of the bearing inner ring simulation block 73; the axial displacement sensor 83, the radial displacement sensor 81 and the strain gauge 82 are connected to the collection system 84 through signals and displayed by the computer 85.

[0084] Furthermore, the axial displacement sensor 83 is clamped on the axial displacement sensor mounting plate by two nuts, and the axial displacement sensor mounting plate is fixed on the longitudinal plane of the reinforcing rib baffle 14 .

[0085] Furthermore, the radial displacement sensor 81 is clamped on a radial displacement sensor mounting plate by two nuts, and the radial displacement sensor mounting plate is fixed in a rectangular through-groove of the guide block 31 .

[0086] Furthermore, the test bench frame is composed of several square tubes welded together, and the test bench frame 6 is provided with a vise assembly fixing hole 61, an axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate connecting surface 62, a bottom guide rail fixing hole 63, an inner ring guide device fixing hole 64 and a reinforcing rib baffle connecting surface 65; the vise assembly fixing hole 61 is connected to the fixed clamp body 111 of the vise assembly by bolts, so that it is fixed to the test bench frame 6; the axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate connecting surface 62 is connected to the axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 42 by bolts, so that it is fixed to the test bench frame 6; the bottom guide rail fixing hole 63 is connected to the guide rail 57 by bolts, so that it is fixed to the test bench frame 6; the inner ring guide device fixing hole 64 is connected to the inner ring guide device 3 by bolts, so that it is fixed to the test bench frame 6; the reinforcing rib baffle connecting surface 65 is connected to the reinforcing rib baffle 14 by bolts, so that it is fixed to the test bench frame 6; various devices are fixed to the test bench frame through different connection methods to ensure the normal operation of each part.

[0087] 1) The rolling element single unit test device of the present invention is used to test and study the mechanical properties of a single rolling element and inner and outer rings. Its working principle is as follows: Figure 1-3 shown.

[0088] Combination Figure 4-6 A rolling element unit load test device for rolling bearings mainly comprises an outer ring clamping device 1, a roller clamping device 2, an inner ring guide device 3, an axial loading device 4, a radial and bending moment loading device 5, a test bench body 6, a rolling element unit to be tested 7 and a collection unit 8. The structural schematic diagram is shown in FIG. Figure 4-6As shown. The outer ring clamping device 1 is clamped by a vise assembly 11 and a separate box 12. The vise assembly 11 is composed of a fixed clamp body 111, a movable clamp body 112, a screw 113, a knob 114, a nut 115 and a split pin 116; the vise assembly 11 and the separate box 12 are fixed to the test bench frame 6 by bolts to constrain all degrees of freedom of the bearing outer ring simulation block 71. The roller clamping device 2 realizes self-locking of the roller 72 through the clamping block 23 and the connecting plate 21, thereby limiting the rotational freedom of the roller 72. The inner ring guide device 3 realizes the axial movement and radial guiding function of the bearing inner ring simulation block 73 by adjusting the gap between the guide block 31 and the bearing inner ring simulation block 73. The axial loading device 4 is composed of an axial hydraulic cylinder 43, a self-aligning floating interface 41 and an axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 42, and the axial force of the bearing is applied through the loading function of the axial hydraulic cylinder 43. The radial and moment loading device 5 is composed of two radial hydraulic cylinders 52, a guide rail 57 and a self-aligning floating interface 51. Through the cooperation of the two radial hydraulic cylinders 52 and the guide rail 57, the radial force and moment loading function of the bearing inner ring simulation block 73 is realized. The test bench frame 6 is composed of several square pipes welded together to fix the above device. The acquisition system 8 is composed of a radial displacement sensor 81, an axial displacement sensor 83, a sensor mounting plate, and a strain gauge 82. Through the loading of the axial loading device 4 and the radial and moment loading device 5, the bearing displacement, strain, and stress are extracted through the acquisition unit 8 after loading.

[0089] Combination Figure 1-3 In order to effectively simulate the simulation of the model in the finite element, it is necessary to restrict the freedom of the outer ring of the bearing to achieve the full constraint of the outer ring of the bearing in the present invention. It is necessary to restrict the freedom of the roller to achieve the restriction of the freedom of the roller revolution in the present invention. Since the inner ring of the bearing is the main loading part, it is necessary to guide the inner ring of the bearing to achieve the guiding function of the inner ring of the bearing in the present invention. Apply radial force through radial and bending moment loading devices F r1 And radial force F r2 ,when F r1 = F r2 When the hydraulic cylinder exerts only radial force, F r1 < F r2 When the two hydraulic cylinders exert forces of bending moment and radial force, the magnitude of the bending moment is ( F r2 - F r1 )* D , in this formula DThe center span distance of the two radial hydraulic cylinders is shown in FIG. 1 . In the present invention, a slider 56 and a guide rail 57 are installed under the radial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 53 of the radial hydraulic cylinder 52, so that the center span distance can be adjusted. D Axial force F a The magnitude of the force is applied by an axial loading device to realize the force application method of the present invention.

[0090] 2) With axial, radial and bending moment loading devices

[0091] The axial loading device 4 pushes the bearing inner ring simulation block 73 through the piston rod of a single axial hydraulic cylinder 43 to transmit the axial force to the rolling element unit 7, thereby realizing the loading of the axial force of the rolling bearing. The radial and bending moment loading device 5 realizes the loading of the radial force and bending moment of the rolling bearing by using two radial hydraulic cylinders 52 in coordination, further realizing the loading of the rolling bearing under complex working conditions.

[0092] Combination Figure 7-8 The axial loading device 4 is mainly composed of an axial hydraulic cylinder 43, an axial hydraulic cylinder self-aligning floating interface 41, an axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 42, a mounting plate fixing hexagon socket bolt 44, a mounting plate fixing elastic washer 45 and a mounting plate fixing hexagon nut 46. The axial hydraulic cylinder 43 is mounted on the axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 42 to achieve the application of the axial load. The axial hydraulic cylinder self-aligning floating interface 41 contains a spherical top block, which is mainly used to compensate for the eccentricity error between the piston rod and the cylinder body to prevent system failures caused by eccentricity or deflection, such as oil leakage or piston rod jamming. Secondly, the axial hydraulic cylinder self-aligning floating interface 41 helps to extend the service life of the hydraulic cylinder by reducing friction and wear caused by inaccurate assembly or movement. The axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 42 is installed on the test bench frame 6 by the mounting plate fixing hexagon socket bolt 44, the mounting plate fixing elastic washer 45 and the mounting plate fixing hexagon nut 46 to achieve the fixation of the axial hydraulic cylinder 43. The application of the axial load is achieved by fixing the axial hydraulic cylinder 43. By extracting the load distribution in the finite element analysis software, the maximum load of the maximum force-bearing rolling element in the axial direction is obtained, thereby realizing the application of the axial load size.

[0093] Combination Figure 9-10The radial and moment loading device 5 is mainly composed of a radial hydraulic cylinder 52, a hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 53, a flat-head hexagonal bolt 54, a level washer 55, a slider 56, a guide rail 57, and a radial hydraulic cylinder self-aligning floating interface 51. The present invention uses two radial hydraulic cylinders 52 for use. When the forces applied by the two radial hydraulic cylinders 52 are equal, it is converted to only applying radial loads. When the forces of the two radial hydraulic cylinders 52 are different, the product of the difference between the large force and the small force applied and the center span distance of the two hydraulic cylinders is the bending moment. The radial hydraulic cylinder self-aligning floating interface 51 contains a spherical top block, which is mainly used to compensate for the eccentricity error between the piston rod and the cylinder body to prevent system failures caused by eccentricity or deflection, such as oil leakage or piston rod jamming. Secondly, the radial hydraulic cylinder self-aligning floating interface 51 helps to extend the service life of the hydraulic cylinder by reducing friction and wear caused by inaccurate assembly or movement. Protection of the hydraulic cylinder is achieved. The radial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 53 at the bottom of the radial hydraulic cylinder 52 is connected to the slider 56 through a flat head hexagonal bolt 54 and a level washer 55, so as to realize the connection between the radial hydraulic cylinder 52 and the slider 56. The guide rail 57 is installed on the test bench frame 6 through bolts, so as to realize the connection between the guide rail 57 and the test bench frame 6. By adjusting the center distance D of the two hydraulic cylinders 52, the center span distance is controlled, and then the magnitude of the bending moment is controlled. The simulation of the tested bearing 7 under various complex working conditions is realized.

[0094] 3) With outer ring clamping device, roller clamping device and inner ring guide device

[0095] The outer ring clamping device 1 achieves full constraint of the outer ring freedom of the bearing by clamping the separate housing 12 through the vise assembly 11 and the clamping plate 121. The roller clamping device 2 achieves the restriction of the roller revolution freedom by clamping the clamping block 23 as a retainer. The inner ring guide device 3 achieves axial and radial loading and circumferential constraint on the inner ring simulation block 73 of the bearing through the guiding function of the guide block 31. The above devices are combined to further achieve boundary load constraint on the rolling bearing.

[0096] Combination Figure 11-12The vise assembly 11 is composed of a fixed clamp body 111, a movable clamp body 112, a screw rod 113, a knob 114, a nut 115 and a split pin 116; the screw rod 113 is driven to rotate by rotating the knob 114 to achieve torque transmission. The screw rod 113 drives the nut 115, and the nut 115 is connected to the movable clamp body 112 through a pin shaft to achieve control of the distance of the clamping plate 121. First, the fixed clamp body 111 is fixed to the test bench frame 6 through the bolt passing through the fixing hole 13, and then the separable box 12 is fixed to the test bench frame 6, and the clamping plate 121 is clamped with the main box of the separable box 12, so as to realize the clamping function of the clamping plate 121 on the roller, and limit the freedom of the outer ring of the bearing in the Y direction in the global coordinate system. The reinforcing rib baffle 14 is fixed to the detachable box 12 by the hexagon socket bolts 15, and is fixed to the test bench frame 6 by bolts, so as to constrain the freedom of the bearing outer ring simulation block 71 in the global coordinate system X and Z. At this point, the bearing outer ring simulation block 71 has reached a fully constrained state.

[0097] Combination Figure 13-14 The roller clamping device 2 is mainly composed of a clamping block 23, a connecting plate 21 and a hexagonal bolt 22 for fixing the connecting plate. The two clamping blocks 23 are fixed by the connecting plate 21, and the connecting plate 21 is fixed to the clamping plate of the detachable box 12 by the hexagonal nut 22. The clamping plate drives the two clamping blocks 23 to clamp, so as to limit the rotational freedom of the roller 72. The roller clamping device 2 realizes the constraint on the roller position angle. The detachable box is fixed to the test bench frame 6 by a clamping mechanism. The revolution freedom of the roller 72 is limited.

[0098] Combination Figure 15-16 The inner ring guide device 3 is mainly composed of a guide block 31, a guide block fixing hexagonal bolt 32, a guide block fixing elastic washer 33 and a corresponding guide block fixing hexagonal nut 34. The lower end of the guide block 31 should consider the radial and bending moment loading device 5 loading mode, so a rectangular hole should be opened at its lower end, and the guide block fixing hexagonal bolt 32, the guide block fixing elastic washer 33 and the guide block fixing hexagonal nut 34 are used to fix the inner ring guide device 3 on the test bench frame 6. The inner ring guide device is realized to prevent the axial movement of the inner ring of the bearing and the radial movement, which is convenient for the later loading on the inner ring simulation block 73 of the bearing.

[0099] Combination Fig.17The test bench frame 6 is provided with a vise assembly fixing hole 61, an axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate connection surface 62, a bottom guide rail fixing hole 63, an inner ring guide device fixing hole 64 and a reinforcing rib baffle connecting surface 65; the vise assembly fixing hole 61 is connected to the fixed clamp body 10 of the vise assembly by bolts, so that it is fixed to the test bench frame 6; the axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate connecting surface 62 is connected to the axial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 42 by bolts, so that it is fixed to the test bench frame 6; the bottom guide rail fixing hole 63 is connected to the guide rail 57 by bolts, so that it is fixed to the test bench frame 6; the inner ring guide device fixing hole 64 is connected to the inner ring guide device 3 by bolts, so that it is fixed to the test bench frame 6; the reinforcing rib baffle connecting surface 65 is connected to the reinforcing rib baffle 14 by bolts, so that it is fixed to the test bench frame 6. Through different connection methods, each part of the device is fixed to the test bench frame 6 to ensure the normal operation of each part.

[0100] 4) Equipped with a rolling element unit load test device for rolling bearings

[0101] The present invention has a collection unit 8, which combines a loading device and a boundary load constraint device to realize displacement extraction and strain extraction of the inner ring of the rolling bearing for comparison with simulation analysis, and further realizes the effectiveness verification of the bearing capacity of the rolling element unit of the rolling bearing.

[0102] The acquisition unit 8 is mainly composed of a radial displacement sensor 81, an axial displacement sensor 83, a strain gauge 82, an acquisition system 84 and a computer 85. The radial displacement sensor 81 is installed by clamping the two hexagonal nuts on the radial displacement sensor 81 on the radial displacement sensor mounting plate, and the radial displacement sensor mounting plate is fixed to the inner ring guide device 3 by bolts. The axial sensor is installed by clamping the two hexagonal nuts on the axial displacement sensor 83 on the axial displacement sensor mounting plate, and the axial displacement sensor mounting plate is fixed to the reinforcing rib baffle 14 by bolts. By attaching the strain gauge 82 to the raceway of the inner ring simulation block 73 of the bearing, the signal is transmitted to the acquisition system 84, and the interface programming is performed on the computer 85 to realize the displacement extraction and strain extraction of the bearing.

[0103] Combination Figure 18-21 The present invention provides a load test device based on a rolling element unit of a rolling bearing. The outer ring clamping device 1, the roller clamping device 2 and the inner ring guide device 3 realize the constraint mode for the tested bearing. The axial loading device 4, the radial and bending moment loading device 5 realize the loading mode for the tested bearing. The acquisition unit 8 realizes the extraction of the axial displacement of the bearing by installing an axial displacement sensor. The extracted deformation is δ 3 , the applied axial load is F a, the axial stiffness of the bearing inner ring is obtained K a = dF a / dδ 3 , the symbol d represents the differential, which means that the calculation of Fa is δ 3 By installing a radial displacement sensor on the inner ring of the bearing, the radial load applied is F r1 as well as F r2 The radial deformation of the inner ring of the bearing is measured as follows: δ 1 and δ 2 , the total radial deformation δ z =( δ 1 + δ 2 ) / 2, and the radial stiffness of the inner ring of the bearing is obtained. K r =( F r1 + F r2 ) / δ z ,exist F r1 as well as F r2 When they are not equal, the deflection angle of the inner ring of the bearing θ =( δ 2 - δ 1 ) / D, through torque M And the deflection angle θ Get the contact angle stiffness of the bearing inner ring S r = M / θ Through the cooperation of various parts, simulation experiments under various complex working conditions can be completed.

[0104] It should be noted that the parts not described in detail in the present invention are prior art.

[0105] The above examples are only the best embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations are possible. All variations that can be directly derived or associated with the contents disclosed by a person skilled in the art should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rolling element unit load test device for rolling bearings, characterized in that: It includes an outer ring clamping device, a roller clamping device, an inner ring guiding device, a radial and bending moment loading device, an axial loading device and a rolling body unit; the rolling body unit includes a bearing outer ring simulation block, a bearing inner ring simulation block and a roller, the roller is clamped between the bearing outer ring simulation block and the bearing inner ring simulation block, the outer ring clamping device is clamped on the bearing outer ring simulation block to limit the omnidirectional freedom of the bearing outer ring simulation block, the roller clamping device is clamped on the roller to limit the rotational freedom of the roller, the inner ring guiding device is used to assemble the bearing inner ring simulation block, the axial loading device is pressed against the bearing inner ring simulation block to provide an axial load for the rolling body unit, the radial and bending moment loading device is pressed against the bearing inner ring simulation block to provide a radial load for the rolling body unit, and the inner ring guiding device guides and limits the movement of the bearing inner ring simulation block; the rolling body unit is a partial bearing structure in the fan-shaped area of ​​the bearing where a single rolling body is located, and the fan-shaped area of ​​the bearing Part of the outer ring forms a bearing outer ring simulation block, and part of the inner ring in the fan-shaped area of ​​the bearing forms a bearing inner ring simulation block. The connecting surfaces of the bearing outer ring simulation blocks in adjacent fan-shaped areas are the split surfaces of the bearing outer ring simulation blocks, and the connecting surfaces of the bearing inner ring simulation blocks in adjacent fan-shaped areas are the split surfaces of the bearing inner ring simulation blocks; the outer ring clamping device includes a vise assembly and a separate housing, and an assembly cavity adapted to the bearing outer ring simulation block is formed in the separate housing, and two opposite clamping plates on the separate housing are clamped on the two split surfaces of the bearing outer ring simulation block, and at least one of the two clamping plates is separately arranged from the main housing of the separate housing; the vise assembly is arranged on the separate housing, and the vise assembly includes a fixed clamp body and a movable clamp body, the fixed clamp body is fixedly arranged, and the movable clamp body is movably arranged on the fixed clamp body, the fixed clamp body and the movable clamp body are respectively connected to the two clamping plates, and the movable clamp body drives the split clamping plate to approach or move away from the other clamping plate.

2. The rolling element unit load test device of rolling bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed clamp body is provided with a screw rod, which is rotated by turning a knob, and a nut is threadedly connected to the screw rod, and the nut is fixedly connected to or integrally arranged with the movable clamp body; the outer ring clamping device also includes an angular reinforcing rib baffle, the transverse plane of the reinforcing rib baffle is fixed, and the longitudinal plane of the reinforcing rib baffle is connected to the separate box body, and the reinforcing rib baffle is arranged on the side opposite to the axial loading device to provide axial support for the rolling body unit.

3. The rolling element unit load test device of rolling bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roller clamping device includes a clamping block and a connecting plate. There are two clamping blocks, which are respectively clamped on both sides of the outer circumference of the roller. The surface of the clamping block in contact with the roller is provided with a concave arc groove adapted to the outer circumference of the roller. The two clamping blocks are respectively connected to the two clamping plates of the separate box through the connecting plate and clamp the roller as the clamping plates move.

4. The rolling element unit load test device for rolling bearings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The inner ring guide device includes a fixed guide block, an upper surface of which is formed with an axial guide groove, the inner surface of the bearing inner ring simulation block is assembled in the guide groove, and the bearing inner ring simulation block moves along the surface of the guide groove under the load of the axial loading device, radial and bending moment loading devices.

5. The rolling element unit load test device for rolling bearings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The axial loading device is an axial hydraulic cylinder, and the piston rod of the axial hydraulic cylinder is abutted against one end face of the bearing inner ring simulation block; the radial and bending moment loading device includes a radial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate and two radial hydraulic cylinders arranged side by side along the axial direction, the two radial hydraulic cylinders are fixed on the radial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate, the radial hydraulic cylinder mounting plate is slidably connected to the axially extending guide rail, and the piston rods of the two radial hydraulic cylinders pass through the inner ring guide device and abut against the inner surface of the bearing inner ring simulation block; the piston rod of the axial hydraulic cylinder and the piston rod ends of the two radial hydraulic cylinders are both provided with self-aligning floating interfaces, which are abutted against the bearing inner ring simulation block through the self-aligning floating interfaces, and a spherical top block for compensating for the eccentricity error between the piston rod and the cylinder body is provided in the self-aligning floating interface.

6. The rolling element unit load test device for rolling bearings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The test device also includes a collection unit, which includes an axial displacement sensor, a radial displacement sensor, a strain gauge, a collection system and a computer. The axial displacement sensor contacts and detects the end face of the bearing inner ring simulation block away from the axial loading device. There are two radial displacement sensors, which contact and detect the two ends of the inner surface of the bearing inner ring simulation block respectively. The strain gauge is arranged on the contact surface between the circumferential rolling surface of the roller and the raceway of the bearing inner ring simulation block; the axial displacement sensor, the radial displacement sensor and the strain gauge are connected to the collection system through signals and displayed by the computer.

7. The rolling element unit load test device for rolling bearings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The test device also includes a test bench frame, which is composed of several square tubes welded together. The outer ring clamping device, inner ring guiding device, radial and bending moment loading device, and axial loading device are all fixed on the test bench frame.

8. A test method using the rolling element unit load test device of a rolling bearing as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The freedom degree of the rolling element unit is constrained by the outer ring clamping device, the roller clamping device and the inner ring guide device, the axial load is applied to the rolling element unit by the axial loading device, and the axial displacement of the rolling element unit is extracted by the axial displacement sensor. The applied axial load is F a , the extracted axial deformation is δ 3. Obtain the axial stiffness of the bearing inner ring simulation block K a = dF a / dδ 3, d is the differential symbol; radial load is applied to the rolling element through radial and moment loading devices, and radial displacement of the rolling element is extracted through two radial displacement sensors. The center span distance of the two radial hydraulic cylinders is D, and the applied radial load is F r1 as well as F r2 The extracted radial deformations are δ 1 and δ 2. Total radial deformation δ z =( δ 1+ δ 2) / 2, the radial stiffness of the inner ring of the bearing is obtained K r =( F r1 + F r2 ) / δ z ,exist F r1 and F r2 When they are not equal, the deflection angle of the inner ring of the bearing θ =( δ 2- δ 1) / D, through torque M And the deflection angle θ Get the contact angle stiffness of the bearing inner ring S r = M / θ In the radial and bending moment loading device, when the radial loads applied by the two radial hydraulic cylinders are equal, the radial and bending moment loading device only loads the radial load on the rolling element unit. When the radial loads applied by the two radial hydraulic cylinders are different in magnitude, the product of the difference between the larger radial load and the smaller radial load and the center span distance of the two radial hydraulic cylinders is the bending moment magnitude.

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