Electronic device

Abstract

The invention provides an electronic device. The electronic device comprises a display panel and a view angle switchable panel. The view angle switchable panel is overlapped with the display panel and comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode and a switching dielectric layer. The second substrate and the first substrate are oppositely arranged. The first electrode is disposed on an inner surface of the first substrate. The second electrode is arranged on the inner surface of the second substrate. The third electrode is arranged on the inner surface of the second substrate and is electrically insulated from the second electrode. The switching dielectric layer is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate. The view angle switchable panel can be controlled by the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode to be switched between a first mode and a second mode, and the first mode and the second mode have different view angles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an electronic device, in particular to an electronic device with switchable viewing angles. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of technology, electronic devices equipped with displays have become an indispensable item in modern people's lives. As users pay more attention to privacy when viewing electronic devices, electronic devices with anti-peeping functions have emerged. Electronic devices with anti-peeping functions can switch between privacy mode and sharing mode.

[0003] However, electronic devices with anti-peeping functions have not yet met expectations in all aspects. For example, some non-self-luminous electronic devices use backlight sources with narrow light distribution to improve the privacy mode, but this affects the performance of the sharing mode and requires increasing the power of the backlight source. Therefore, electronic devices with anti-peeping functions still need to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device.

[0005] The present invention provides an electronic device, comprising a display panel and a switchable viewing angle panel. The switchable viewing angle panel is arranged to overlap with the display panel. The switchable viewing angle panel comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode and a switching medium layer. The second substrate is arranged opposite to the first substrate. The first electrode is arranged on the inner surface of the first substrate. The second electrode is arranged on the inner surface of the second substrate. The third electrode is arranged on the inner surface of the second substrate and is electrically insulated from the second electrode. The switching medium layer is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate. The switchable viewing angle panel can be controlled by the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode to switch between a first mode and a second mode, and the first mode and the second mode have different viewing angles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] Figure 1 is a schematic side view of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0007] Figure 2 FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a viewing angle switchable panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0008] Figure 3 FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a second electrode and a third electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0009] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a state of a switching medium layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0010] Figure 5 FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a viewing angle switchable panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 6 FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a second electrode and a third electrode according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 7 4 is a schematic top view of a second electrode according to some other embodiments of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 8 1 is a schematic top view of a second electrode and a third electrode according to some other embodiments of the present invention.

[0014] Fig. 9 FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a viewing angle switchable panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Fig. 10A It is an experimental result of the privacy performance of the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Fig. 10B It is an experimental result of the sharing performance of the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d-electronic device; 10, 10a, 10b-viewing angle switchable panel; 20, 20a, 20b-display panel; 21-active area; 30-display panel; 101, 102, 201-surface; 112-first polarizing layer; 114-second polarizing layer; 122-first substrate; 122a-inner surface; 122b-outer surface; 124-second substrate; 124a-inner surface; 124b-outer surface ; 132-first alignment layer; 134-second alignment layer; 140-insulating layer; 150-switching dielectric layer; 152-liquid crystal molecules; 162-first electrode; 164, 164a, 164b, 164c, 164d, 164e, 164f, 164g, 164h, 164i-second electrode; 166, 166a, 166f, 166g, 166h, 166i-third electrode; 172-first compensation film; 174-second compensation film compensation film; 1521-first liquid crystal molecule; 1522-second liquid crystal molecule; 1523-third liquid crystal molecule; 1524-fourth liquid crystal molecule; 1525-fifth liquid crystal molecule; 1641-first strip-shaped portion; 1642-first peripheral portion; 1643-first connecting portion; 1644-slit; 1645-first peripheral strip portion; 1661-second strip-shaped portion; 1663-second connecting portion; 1665-second peripheral strip portion; 1666-third peripheral strip portion; A1, A2, A20, A21, A22, A71, A72-included angle; BP41, BP42, BP61, BP62-bending part; C1-long axis direction; CV1, CV2-graphics; D1, D2-interval; E1-vertical electric field; E2-horizontal electric field; ED1, ED2-extension direction; ED3-third direction; ED4-fourth direction; 7P1, 8P1-first part; 7P2, 8P2-second part; X, Y, Z-directions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Whenever possible, the same reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts.

[0019] Certain words are used throughout the present specification and the appended claims to refer to specific components. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that electronic device manufacturers may refer to the same components by different names. It is generally not intended to distinguish between components that have the same function but different names. In the present specification and claims, the words "including" and "comprising" are open-ended words and should therefore be interpreted as "including but not limited to...".

[0020] Directional terms mentioned in the present invention, such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc., are only referenced to the directions of the drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are used to illustrate, but not to limit the present invention. In the drawings, each figure depicts the general characteristics of the methods, structures and / or materials used in a particular embodiment. However, these drawings should not be interpreted as defining or limiting the scope or nature covered by these embodiments. For example, for clarity, the relative size, thickness and position of each film layer, region and / or structure may be reduced or enlarged.

[0021] A structure (or layer, component, substrate) described in the present invention is located on / above another structure (or layer, component, substrate), which may refer to two structures being adjacent and directly connected, or it may refer to two structures being adjacent but not directly connected. Indirect connection means that there is at least one intermediate structure (or intermediate layer, intermediate component, intermediate substrate, intermediate interval) between the two structures, the lower surface of one structure is adjacent to or directly connected to the upper surface of the intermediate structure, and the upper surface of the other structure is adjacent to or directly connected to the lower surface of the intermediate structure. The intermediate structure can be composed of a single-layer or multi-layer physical structure or a non-physical structure, without limitation. In the present invention, when a certain structure is disposed "on" another structure, it may refer to that the certain structure is "directly" on the other structure, or that the certain structure is "indirectly" on the other structure, that is, at least one structure is sandwiched between the certain structure and the other structure.

[0022] The terms "equal," "equal," or "same," or "substantially" are generally interpreted as within 20% of a given value or range, or within 10%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 1% or 0.5% of a given value or range.

[0023] Furthermore, any two values ​​or directions used for comparison may have a certain error. If the first value is equal to the second value, it implies that there may be an error of about 10% between the first value and the second value; if the first direction is perpendicular or "approximately" perpendicular to the second direction, the angle between the first direction and the second direction may be between 80 degrees and 100 degrees; if the first direction is parallel or "approximately" parallel to the second direction, the angle between the first direction and the second direction may be between 0 degrees and 10 degrees.

[0024] The ordinal numbers used in the specification and claims of the present invention, such as "first", "second", etc., are used to modify the elements. They do not imply or represent any previous ordinal numbers of the element (or elements), nor do they represent the order of one element and another element, or the order of the manufacturing method. The use of these ordinal numbers is only used to make the element with a certain name clearly distinguishable from another element with the same name. The same words may not be used in the claims and the specification. Accordingly, the first component in the specification may be the second component in the claims.

[0025] In addition, the phrases “a given range is from a first value to a second value” and “a given range falls within the range from a first value to a second value” mean that the given range includes the first value, the second value and other values ​​therebetween.

[0026] In addition, the electronic device disclosed in the present invention may include a display device, a backlight device, an antenna device, a sensing device, a splicing device, a touch display, a curved display or a free shape display, but is not limited thereto. The electronic device may, for example, include a liquid crystal, a light emitting diode, fluorescence, phosphor, other suitable display media, or a combination of the foregoing, but is not limited thereto. The display device may be a non-self-luminous display device or a self-luminous display device. The antenna device may be a liquid crystal antenna device or a non-liquid crystal antenna device, and the sensing device may be a sensing device for sensing capacitance, light, heat or ultrasound, but is not limited thereto. The electronic components included in the electronic device may include passive components and active components, such as capacitors, resistors, inductors, diodes, transistors, etc. The diode may include a light emitting diode (LED) or a photodiode. The light emitting diode may include, for example, an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a sub-millimeter light emitting diode (mini LED), a micro LED or a quantum dot light emitting diode (quantum dot LED), but is not limited thereto. The splicing device may be, for example, a display splicing device or an antenna splicing device, but is not limited thereto. In addition, the electronic device may be a bendable or flexible electronic device. It should be noted that the electronic device may be any arrangement or combination of the foregoing, but is not limited thereto. In addition, the appearance of the electronic device may be a rectangle, a circle, a polygon, a shape with curved edges, or other suitable shapes. The electronic device may have a peripheral system such as a drive system, a control system, a light source system, etc. to support a display device, an antenna device, a wearable device (for example, including an augmented reality (AR) or a virtual reality (VR) device), a vehicle-mounted device (for example, including a car windshield) or a splicing device.

[0027] It should be understood that according to embodiments of the present invention, an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an α-step, an ellipsometer, or other suitable methods may be used to measure the depth, thickness, width, or height of each element, or the spacing or distance between elements. According to some embodiments, a scanning electron microscope may be used to obtain a cross-sectional structural image including the element to be measured, and measure the depth, thickness, width, or height of each element, or the spacing or distance between elements.

[0028] It should be noted that the following embodiments may replace, reorganize, or mix features in several different embodiments to complete other embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Features between embodiments may be mixed and matched as long as they do not violate the spirit of the disclosure or conflict with each other.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. It is understood that these terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the background or context of the relevant technology and the present invention, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal manner unless specifically defined in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] In the present invention, for the convenience of explanation, the following figures are all described in conjunction with the XYZ rectangular coordinate system. In the present invention, the description of the "spacing" or "distance" between elements, or the "width" or "length" of an element, etc., is defined by the projection of the element on the XY plane, YZ plane or XZ plane along the direction X, direction Y or direction Z. Similarly, "parallel" or "non-parallel" means that the projection of the extension line of the element on the XY plane, YZ plane or XZ plane is "parallel" or "non-parallel".

[0031] In the present invention, when one element “overlaps” with another element, it means that at least a portion of one element overlaps with at least a portion of the other element in one direction.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 1 , which is a side view schematic diagram of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present invention. The electronic device according to the present invention may be Figure 1 The electronic device 1a shown in part A of FIG. Figure 1 The electronic device 1b shown in part B, Figure 1 The electronic device 1c shown in part C and Figure 1The electronic device 1d shown in the D part is not limited thereto. The electronic device 1a, the electronic device 1b, the electronic device 1c and the electronic device 1d are exemplified as display devices and may also include other functions such as touch, detection, etc., but are not limited thereto. The electronic device 1a, the electronic device 1b, the electronic device 1c and the electronic device 1d are taken as flat electronic devices as an example, but are not limited thereto. In other embodiments of the present invention, the electronic device 1a, the electronic device 1b, the electronic device 1c and the electronic device 1d may be non-flat electronic devices, such as curved electronic devices.

[0033] Figure 1 In part A of the electronic device 1a, the electronic device 1a includes a display panel 20 and a viewing angle switchable panel 10, and may optionally include a backlight module 30. The viewing angle switchable panel 10 is arranged to overlap with the display panel 20, and the backlight module 30 is arranged to overlap with the viewing angle switchable panel 10 and / or the display panel 20. That is, the electronic device 1a is illustrated here as a non-self-luminous display device. For example, the display panel 20 may include a liquid crystal panel, but is not limited to this. The viewing angle switchable panel 10 may be arranged below the display panel 20 and between the display panel 20 and the backlight module 30, but is not limited to this. Through the viewing angle switchable panel 10, the electronic device 1a can be switched between a narrow viewing angle mode and a wide viewing angle mode. Please refer to the following for details about the viewing angle switchable panel 10. The backlight module 30 may include a light emitting diode (LED), a sub-millimeter light emitting diode (mini LED), a micro LED, a quantum dot (QD), a quantum dot light emitting diode (QLED, QD-LED), fluorescence, phosphor, other suitable materials, or a combination of the above materials, but is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the backlight module 30 may be a collimated backlight module with a narrow light distribution. In some embodiments, the backlight module 30 may be a non-collimated backlight module.

[0034] Figure 1 In the B part of the electronic device 1b, the main difference between the electronic device 1a and the electronic device 1b is the position where the viewing angle switchable panel 10 is set. The viewing angle switchable panel 10 can be set above the display panel 20. For other details about the electronic device 1b, refer to the relevant description of the electronic device 1a. Compared with the existing electronic devices that use a backlight module with narrow light distribution to improve the privacy mode, the backlight module 30 of the electronic device 1a and the electronic device 1b according to the present invention can be a general backlight module.

[0035] Figure 1 In the C part of the electronic device 1c, the electronic device 1c may include a viewing angle switchable panel 10 and a display panel 20a, without providing a backlight module 30. The electronic device 1c is exemplified as a reflective display device. For example, the display panel 20a may be an electronic paper (E-Paper), but is not limited thereto. The viewing angle switchable panel 10 may be provided above the display panel 20a.

[0036] Figure 1 In the D part of the electronic device 1d, the electronic device 1d may include a viewing angle switchable panel 10 and a display panel 20b, without providing a backlight module 30. The electronic device 1d is exemplified as a self-luminous display device. For example, the display panel 20b may be an organic light emitting diode (OLED) panel, a sub-millimeter light emitting diode (mini LED) panel, or a micro light emitting diode (micro LED) panel, but is not limited thereto. The viewing angle switchable panel 10 may be provided above the display panel 20b.

[0037] In the electronic device 1a, the display panel 20 is arranged at the top, and the surface 201 on the upper side of the display panel 20 can be used as the light-emitting surface of the electronic device 1a, that is, the viewing surface of the viewer (not shown). When the electronic device 1a is applied as a display device, the surface 201 can be regarded as the display surface of the electronic device 1a. In the electronic devices 1b, 1c and 1d, the viewing angle switchable panel 10 is arranged at the top, and the surface 101 on the upper side of the viewing angle switchable panel 10 can be used as the light-emitting surface of the electronic devices 1b, 1c and 1d, that is, the viewing surface of the viewer (not shown). When the electronic devices 1b, 1c and 1d are applied as display devices, the surface 101 can be regarded as the display surface of the electronic devices 1b, 1c and 1d.

[0038] Figure 1 In the display panel 20 / display panel 20a / display panel 20b, the viewing angle switchable panel 10 and the backlight module 30, although there is a gap between two adjacent components, in fact, the two adjacent components can be arranged close to each other, or have only a small spacing distance between each other.

[0039] From the above content, it can be known that the electronic device according to the present invention can selectively set the backlight module according to the type of display panel. In addition, the viewing angle switchable panel can be used with different display panels, and has the advantage of high versatility.

[0040] In the present invention, the narrow viewing angle mode, also known as the privacy mode, means that the viewer located directly in front of the electronic device (e.g., a viewing angle of 0 degrees) can see a clearer picture (e.g., a picture with higher brightness), while the viewer located diagonally in front of the electronic device (e.g., a viewing angle greater than 45 degrees) can see a less clear picture (e.g., a picture with lower brightness, or a picture blocked by a masking pattern). The wide viewing angle mode, also known as the share mode, means that the viewer located directly in front of the electronic device and diagonally in front of the electronic device can see a clearer picture.

[0041] According to the electronic device of the present invention, the brightness at a viewing angle of 0 degrees can be defined as a first brightness, and the brightness outside the viewing angle range of -45 degrees to 45 degrees (i.e., the viewing angle is greater than 45 degrees and the visual angle is less than -45 degrees, such as -50 degrees, -60 degrees, 50 degrees or 60 degrees) can be defined as a second brightness. For example, when the electronic device is in a narrow viewing angle mode, the ratio of the second brightness to the first brightness can range from 0% to 10%, but is not limited thereto. When the electronic device is in a wide viewing angle mode, the ratio of the second brightness to the first brightness can range from greater than 10% and less than or equal to 100%, but is not limited thereto.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 , Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a viewing angle switchable panel according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 is a schematic top view of a second electrode and a third electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 The cross-sectional position corresponds to Figure 3 The position of the cross-section line A-A'. The viewing angle switchable panel 10 includes a first substrate 122, a second substrate 124, a first electrode 162, a second electrode 164, a third electrode 166 and a switching medium layer 150. The second substrate 124 is arranged opposite to the first substrate 122, the first electrode 162 is arranged on the inner surface 122a of the first substrate 122, the second electrode 164 is arranged on the inner surface 124a of the second substrate 124, and the third electrode 166 is arranged on the inner surface 124a of the second substrate 124 and is electrically insulated from the second electrode 164.

[0043] According to some embodiments, the viewing angle switchable panel 10 can be switched between a first mode and a second mode by the control of the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166. The first mode and the second mode have different viewing angles. For example, the first mode is a narrow viewing angle mode, and the second mode is a wide viewing angle mode.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 2, the switching medium layer 150 is disposed between the first substrate 122 and the second substrate 124. In some embodiments, a sealing layer (not shown) may be disposed in the peripheral area of ​​the first substrate 122 and the second substrate 124 and is located between the first substrate 122 and the second substrate 124. Therefore, the switching medium layer 150 may be encapsulated between the first substrate 122 and the second substrate 124 through the sealing layer. The aforementioned peripheral area may correspond to the peripheral area of ​​the display panel 20. For example, the peripheral area may be an area where the electronic device does not display a picture, but is not limited thereto.

[0045] The switchable medium layer 150 can be switched between the first state and the second state under the control of the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166. When the switchable medium layer 150 is in the first state, the viewing angle switchable panel 10 is in the narrow viewing angle mode, and when the switchable medium layer 150 is in the second state, the viewing angle switchable panel 10 is in the wide viewing angle mode.

[0046] The phase retardation (dΔn) of the view switchable panel 10 may be 100 nanometers (nm) to 25000 nm, for example, 250 nm to 25000 nm, 1000 nm to 25000 nm, 2500 nm to 12500 nm, or 5000 nm to 10000 nm. According to some embodiments, the phase retardation of the view switchable panel 10 may be 1000 nm to 5000 nm. The view switchable panel 10 may also include a sealing layer (not shown) disposed between the first substrate 122 and the second substrate 124, the sealing layer is used to bond the first substrate 122 and the second substrate 124, and the switching medium layer 150 may be encapsulated between the first substrate 122 and the second substrate 124.

[0047] Figure 3 In the embodiment, the insulating layer 140 disposed between the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 is omitted. Figure 3 As shown, the second electrode 164 may include a plurality of slits 1644, and the second electrode 164 may include a plurality of first strips 1641. The first strips 1641 may extend along a first direction (here, direction X). In some embodiments, the first direction may be the longitudinal direction of the viewing angle switchable panel 10. A first strip 1641 is located between two slits 1644. There may be a spacing distance D1 between the two first strips 1641, and the spacing distance D1 is the width of the slit 1644 along the second direction (here, direction Y). The second direction may be different from the first direction, for example, may be perpendicular to the first direction.

[0048] The first strip portion 1641 is disposed at a position substantially corresponding to the display panel (eg Figure 1The second electrode 164 may further include a first peripheral portion 1642, the first peripheral portion 1642 surrounds a plurality of slits 1644 and a plurality of first strip portions 1641, and the first peripheral portion 1642 may be disposed on the display panel (e.g., Figure 1 The first peripheral portion 1642 is exemplified as a rectangular frame, and the first peripheral portion 1642 is connected to both ends of each first strip portion 1641, but is not limited thereto.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 3 In a top view, the third electrode 166 is planar and overlaps with the second electrode 164. In addition, in some embodiments, the edge (not labeled) of the second electrode 164 is substantially aligned with the edge of the third electrode 166, but is not limited thereto. Figure 3 The configuration of the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 is conducive to providing a fringe field switching (FFS) mode. The viewing angle switchable panel 10 may further include an insulating layer 140 (see Figure 2 ), disposed between the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166, so that the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 are electrically insulated. In this embodiment, the shapes of the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 are only exemplified, and the shapes of the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, refer to the following Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 Related instructions.

[0050] Please refer to Figure 2 The switching medium layer 150 may include, for example, a liquid crystal layer, other appropriate display medium layers or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. The liquid crystal layer may include a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 152, but is not limited thereto. Figure 2 In the figure, the liquid crystal molecules 152 are arranged in three straight lines, and there is a gap between two adjacent straight lines, but this is only an example. In fact, the number of liquid crystal molecules 152 in the Y direction is not limited to three, and the liquid crystal molecules 152 can be randomly arranged instead of being arranged in regular straight lines.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 2, the view angle switchable panel 10 may further include a first alignment layer 132 disposed on the inner surface 122a of the first substrate 122 and a second alignment layer 134 disposed on the inner surface 124a of the second substrate 124. The first alignment layer 132 may be disposed between the switching medium layer 150 and the first electrode 162, and the second alignment layer 134 may be disposed between the switching medium layer 150 and the second electrode 164. In some embodiments, the first alignment layer 132 and the second alignment layer 134 may have the same alignment properties or may have different alignment properties. For example, the first alignment layer 132 may be a horizontal alignment layer, and the second alignment layer 134 may be a vertical alignment layer. For example, the first alignment layer 132 may be a vertical alignment layer, and the second alignment layer 134 may be a horizontal alignment layer. For example, the first alignment layer 132 and the second alignment layer 134 may be horizontal alignment layers. For example, the first alignment layer 132 and the second alignment layer 134 may be vertical alignment layers.

[0052] Here, a first electrode 162 is disposed between the first alignment layer 132 and the first substrate 122. That is, the first alignment layer 132 is indirectly disposed on the inner surface 122a of the first substrate 122. A second electrode 164, a third electrode 166 and an insulating layer 140 are disposed between the second alignment layer 134 and the second substrate 124. That is, the second alignment layer 134 is indirectly disposed on the inner surface 124a of the second substrate 124.

[0053] Please refer to Figure 2 , the viewing angle switchable panel 10 may further include a first polarizing layer 112 and a second polarizing layer 114. The first polarizing layer 112 may be disposed on an outer surface 122b of the first substrate 122, and the second polarizing layer 114 may be disposed on an outer surface 124b of the second substrate 124. The polarization axis (not shown) of the first polarizing layer 112 may be 0 degrees (e.g., parallel to the direction X) or 90 degrees (e.g., parallel to the direction Y). The polarization axis of the first polarizing layer 112 and the polarization axis of the second polarizing layer 114 may be parallel to each other.

[0054] In the present invention, the vertical electric field E1 and the horizontal electric field E2 can be provided by configuring the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166. For example, when the vertical electric field E1 is provided between the first electrode 162 and the second electrode 164, the viewing angle switchable panel 10 is in the narrow viewing angle mode, and the switching medium layer 150 is in the first state. When the horizontal electric field E2 is provided between the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166, the viewing angle switchable panel 10 is in the wide viewing angle mode, and the switching medium layer 150 is in the second state. The first state and the second state of the switching medium layer 150 will be described below in conjunction with Figure 4 Provide explanation.

[0055] Please also refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 4FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a state of a switching medium layer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4In the figure, for the convenience of explanation, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 152 are named as the first liquid crystal molecule 1521, the second liquid crystal molecule 1522, the third liquid crystal molecule 1523, the fourth liquid crystal molecule 1524 and the fifth liquid crystal molecule 1525 in sequence from the first alignment layer 132 to the second alignment layer 134. However, the number of liquid crystal molecules 152 is only for example and is not limited thereto. When the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 do not provide an electric field, as shown in part A, the switching medium layer 150 is in an initial state, wherein the first liquid crystal molecule 1521 is affected by the first alignment layer 132, and the long axis direction C1 of the first liquid crystal molecule 1521 is substantially parallel to the horizontal direction (e.g., direction Y). That is, the angle A1 between the long axis direction C1 of the first liquid crystal molecule 1521 and the horizontal direction is approximately 0 degrees. The fifth liquid crystal molecule 1525 is affected by the second alignment layer 134, and the long axis direction C1 of the fifth liquid crystal molecule 1525 is substantially perpendicular to the horizontal direction. That is, the angle A1 between the long axis direction C1 of the fifth liquid crystal molecule 1525 and the horizontal direction is about 90 degrees. In other words, the long axis direction C1 of the fifth liquid crystal molecule 1525 is substantially parallel to the vertical direction (e.g., direction Z). From the first alignment layer 132 to the second alignment layer 134, the orientation of the first liquid crystal molecule 1521 to the fifth liquid crystal molecule 1525 gradually changes. For example, the angle A1 between the long axis direction C1 of the first liquid crystal molecule 1521 to the fifth liquid crystal molecule 1525 and the horizontal direction gradually increases, that is, gradually increases from about 0 degrees to about 90 degrees. When the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164, and the third electrode 166 provide a vertical electric field E1, as shown in part B, the switching medium layer 150 is in the first state, and compared with the initial state, the angle A1 between the long axis direction C1 of the second liquid crystal molecule 1522, the third liquid crystal molecule 1523, and the fourth liquid crystal molecule 1524 and the horizontal direction increases. Taking the second liquid crystal molecule 1522 as an example, the angle A21 is greater than the angle A20, and the first liquid crystal molecule 1521 is affected by the first alignment layer 132 to maintain the angle A1 of approximately 0 degrees, and the fifth liquid crystal molecule 1525 is affected by the second alignment layer 134 to maintain the angle A1 of approximately 90 degrees. When the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 provide a horizontal electric field E2, as shown in part C, the switching medium layer 150 is in the second state, and compared with the initial state, the angle A1 between the long axis direction C1 of the second liquid crystal molecule 1522, the third liquid crystal molecule 1523 and the fourth liquid crystal molecule 1524 and the horizontal direction is reduced. Taking the second liquid crystal molecule 1522 as an example, the angle A22 is less than the angle A20, and the first liquid crystal molecule 1521 is affected by the first alignment layer 132 to maintain the angle A1 of approximately 0 degrees, and the fifth liquid crystal molecule 1525 is affected by the second alignment layer 134 to maintain the angle A1 of approximately 90 degrees.In other words, by controlling the electric field provided by the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 152 other than the first liquid crystal molecules 1521 and the fifth liquid crystal molecules 1525 can be changed, thereby controlling the angle at which light (not shown) is emitted from the viewing angle switchable panel 10, thereby controlling the viewing angle of the electronic device. For example, please refer to FIG. Figure 1 In the A portion, the light (not shown) provided by the backlight module 30 can enter the view switchable panel 10 from the surface 102 on the lower side of the view switchable panel 10, and after passing through the view switchable panel 10, it can be emitted from the surface 101 on the upper side of the view switchable panel 10. By controlling the electric field provided by the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166, the emission angle of the light from the surface 101 on the upper side of the view switchable panel 10 can be controlled, and the view angle of the electronic device 1a can be controlled, so that the electronic device 1a can be switched between the narrow view angle mode and the wide view angle mode.

[0056] When the potential difference between the first electrode 162 and the second electrode 164 or the potential difference between the first electrode 162 and the third electrode 166 is greater than the potential difference between the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166, the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 can provide a vertical electric field E1. When the potential difference between the first electrode 162 and the second electrode 164 and the potential difference between the first electrode 162 and the third electrode 166 are less than the potential difference between the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166, the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 can provide a horizontal electric field E2. For example, as shown in Table 1, when the potential V1 of the first electrode 162, the potential V2 of the second electrode 164 and the potential V3 of the third electrode 166 satisfy the following conditional equation (1) or conditional equation (2), a vertical electric field E1 can be provided. When the potential V1 of the first electrode 162, the potential V2 of the second electrode 164, and the potential V3 of the third electrode 166 satisfy the following conditional expression (3) or conditional expression (4), a horizontal electric field E2 can be provided. The vertical electric field E1 of conditional expression (1) is opposite in direction to the vertical electric field E1 of conditional expression (2), and the horizontal electric field E2 of conditional expression (3) is opposite in direction to the horizontal electric field E2 of conditional expression (4).

[0057]

[0058] In conditional equation (1) and conditional equation (2), the potentials of the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 are the same or similar. When the potentials of the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 are similar, a weak horizontal electric field E2 may also be generated between the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166. Based on the size configuration of the potentials of the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166, the horizontal electric field E2 is smaller than the vertical electric field E1. In other words, the vertical electric field E1 is dominant, that is, the vertical electric field E1 can be regarded as an effective electric field. In other words, the aforementioned "the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 provide a vertical electric field E1" covers the situation where only the vertical electric field E1 exists between the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166, or the situation where the vertical electric field E1 and the horizontal electric field E2 exist between the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 at the same time, and the vertical electric field E1 is greater than the horizontal electric field E2. Similarly, the aforementioned “the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 provide a horizontal electric field E2” covers the situation where only a horizontal electric field E2 exists between the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166, or the situation where a vertical electric field E1 and a horizontal electric field E2 exist simultaneously between the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166, and the horizontal electric field E2 is greater than the vertical electric field E1.

[0059] For example, when the potential of the first electrode 162 is 0 volts (V), the potential of the second electrode 164 is 3 volts, and the potential of the third electrode 166 is 3 volts, the potential difference between the first electrode 162 and the second electrode 164 (3 volts) and the potential difference between the first electrode 162 and the third electrode 166 (3 volts) are greater than the potential difference between the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 (0 V), thereby providing a vertical electric field E1. For another example, when the potential of the first electrode 162 is 0 volts, the potential of the second electrode 164 is +5 volts, and the potential of the third electrode 166 is -5 volts, the potential difference between the first electrode 162 and the second electrode 164 (5 volts) and the potential difference between the first electrode 162 and the third electrode 166 (-5 volts) are less than the potential difference between the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 (10 volts), thereby providing a horizontal electric field E2.

[0060] In addition, the direction of the vertical electric field E1 or the horizontal electric field E2 can be changed periodically, which is beneficial to prevent the afterimage phenomenon. Taking the vertical electric field E1 as an example, an alternating current (AC) power supply can be used to make the potential of the first electrode 162 at 0 volts, the potential of the second electrode 164 at 3 volts, and the potential of the third electrode 166 at 3 volts for a predetermined time, such as 16.7 milliseconds (ms), and then the AC power supply is used to make the potential of the first electrode 162 at 0 volts, the potential of the second electrode 164 at -3 volts, and the potential of the third electrode 166 at -3 volts for the predetermined time, so that the direction of the vertical electric field E1 is changed every 16.7 milliseconds. The potentials of the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164, and the third electrode 166 are only examples, and can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs such as the type of liquid crystal molecules 152, and the present invention is not limited to this.

[0061] The first polarizing layer 112 and the second polarizing layer 114 may be, for example, a composite film layer. For example, the first polarizing layer 112 and the second polarizing layer 114 may include a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film, a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA film), but are not limited thereto. The first substrate 122 and the second substrate 124 may be, for example, a flexible or inflexible substrate. The first substrate 122 and the second substrate 124 may be a transparent substrate, the material of which may, for example, include glass, quartz or sapphire, polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), other suitable materials, or a combination of the above materials, but are not limited thereto. The material of the first alignment layer 132 and the second alignment layer 134 may, for example, include polyimide (PI), other suitable materials or a combination of the above materials, but are not limited thereto. The material of the first electrode 162, the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166 may, for example, include a transparent conductive material. The transparent conductive material may include, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium tin zinc oxide (IZTO), other suitable materials or combinations of the above materials, but is not limited thereto. The material of the insulating layer 140 may include, for example, a transparent organic material or an inorganic material, such as a photoresist material, a polyimide resin, an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, SiO2, SiNx, other suitable materials or combinations of the above materials, but is not limited thereto.

[0062] In addition, the viewing angle switchable panel 10 can be used upright or inverted. Figure 1In the A part, the surface 101 of the view switchable panel 10 faces the display panel 20, and the surface 102 of the view switchable panel 10 faces away from the display panel 20 (or faces the backlight module 30), but the present invention is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the view switchable panel 10 may also be inverted. That is, the surface 102 of the view switchable panel 10 faces the display panel 20, and the surface 101 of the view switchable panel 10 faces away from the display panel 20 (or faces the backlight module 30), which can also enable the electronic device 1a to switch between the narrow view mode and the wide view mode.

[0063] Please refer to Figure 5 as well as Figure 6 , Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a viewing angle switchable panel according to another embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 is a schematic top view of a second electrode and a third electrode according to another embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 The cross-sectional position corresponds to Figure 6 The position of the cross-section line BB'. The main difference between the view switchable panel 10a and the view switchable panel 10 is that the shapes and configurations of the second electrode 164a and the third electrode 166a are different from the second electrode 164 and the third electrode 166. The second electrode 164a may include a plurality of first strips 1641, and there is a spacing distance D1 between the two first strips 1641. The second electrode 164a may further include a first connecting portion 1643, which is disposed at one end of the plurality of first strips 1641 and connects the plurality of first strips 1641. Here, the shape of the first connecting portion 1643 is illustrated as a long strip shape, but is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the first strip 1641 may extend along a first direction (here, direction X), and the first connecting portion 1643 may extend along a second direction (here, direction Y). The extension direction (ie, the second direction) of the first connection portion 1643 may be perpendicular to the extension direction (ie, the first direction) of the first strip portion 1641. The viewing angle switchable panel 10a may have a length direction (eg, direction X).

[0064] Please refer to Figure 6, the third electrode 166a may include a plurality of second strip portions 1661. In a top view, the first strip portion 1641 and the second strip portion 1661 may extend along a first direction (here, direction X). In some embodiments, the first strip portion 1641 and the second strip portion 1661 are staggered with each other along a second direction different from the first direction, for example, staggered with each other along a second direction (for example, direction Y) perpendicular to the first direction (for example, direction X). There is a spacing distance D2 between the two second strip portions 1661. The third electrode 166a may further include a second connecting portion 1663 disposed at one end of the plurality of second strip portions 1661 and connecting the plurality of second strip portions 1661. The shape of the second connecting portion 1663 is exemplified as a long strip shape, and the extension direction of the second connecting portion 1663 (for example, direction Y) is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second strip portion 1661 (for example, direction X), but is not limited thereto. The spacing distance D1 may be equal to the spacing distance D2, but is not limited thereto. Specifically, the second electrode 164a and the third electrode 166a are disposed on the same layer. That is, the second electrode 164a and the third electrode 166a are disposed on the same plane. The second electrode 164a and the third electrode 166a do not overlap each other, and the second electrode 164a and the third electrode 166a do not contact each other, so that the second electrode 164a and the third electrode 166a can be electrically insulated from each other. Therefore, compared with the viewing angle switchable panel 10, the viewing angle switchable panel 10a can omit the insulating layer 140. Figure 6 The configuration of the second electrode 164a and the third electrode 166a is advantageous for providing an in-plane switching (IPS) mode.

[0065] Please refer to Figure 7 , which is a schematic top view of the second electrodes 164b, 164c, 164d and 164e according to some other embodiments of the present invention. Figure 7 In the A portion of the second electrode 164b, the second electrode 164b may include a plurality of slits 1644, a plurality of first strip portions 1641, and a first peripheral portion 1642. A first strip portion 1641 is located between the two slits 1644. The first peripheral portion 1642 surrounds the plurality of slits 1644 and the plurality of first strip portions 1641. The shape of the first peripheral portion 1642 is exemplified as a rectangular frame, and the first peripheral portion 1642 is connected to both ends of each first strip portion 1641, but is not limited thereto. The viewing angle switchable panel (e.g. Figure 2 The viewing angle in the switchable panel 10 or Figure 5The view switchable panel 10a in the figure may have a length direction (e.g., direction X), and at least one first strip portion 1641 has an extension direction ED1 parallel to the length direction, but is not limited thereto. Here, each first strip portion 1641 has the extension direction ED1 parallel to the length direction. In other words, the angle between the extension direction ED1 and the length direction of the view switchable panel (not shown) may be 0 degrees. The second electrode 164b and Figure 3 The main difference between the second electrode 164 and the second electrode 164b is the number and size of the first strip portions 1641. For other details of the second electrode 164b, reference may be made to the related description of the second electrode 164.

[0066] Figure 7 In Part B, the view switch panel (e.g. Figure 2 The viewing angle in the switchable panel 10 or Figure 5 The view switchable panel 10a) in the embodiment may have a length direction (e.g., direction X), and a portion of at least one first strip portion 1641 has an extension direction ED2 that is inclined relative to the length direction, but is not limited thereto. Here, a portion of each first strip portion 1641 has the extension direction ED2. That is, the main difference between the second electrode 164c and the second electrode 164b is that the extension direction ED2 of the portion of each first strip portion 1641 in the second electrode 164c is different from the extension direction ED1 of each first strip portion 1641 in the second electrode 164b. The angle A2 between the extension direction ED2 and the length direction (direction X) of the view switchable panel may be greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 40 degrees. For example, greater than 5 degrees and less than or equal to 20 degrees, greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees, greater than 5 degrees and less than or equal to 15 degrees, or greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 20 degrees.

[0067] Figure 7 In the C portion of the second electrode 164d, the main difference between the second electrode 164c is that at least one first strip portion 1641 of the second electrode 164d includes a bending portion BP41, so that the first strip portion 1641 of the second electrode 164d is zigzag shaped. Here, each first strip portion 1641 is configured with a bending portion BP41, and the bending portion BP41 is approximately located in the middle of the first strip portion 1641, but is not limited thereto. The number and position of the bending portion BP41 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0068] Figure 7In the C portion of the embodiment, the first strip portion 1641 may have at least two extension directions. Specifically, taking one of the first strip portions 1641 as an example, the first strip portion 1641 may include a first portion 7P1 and a second portion 7P2 connected to the first portion 7P1. The bending portion BP41 is connected between the first portion 7P1 and the second portion 7P2. For example, Figure 7 In the C part, the bend BP41 may have a sharp shape. The first part 7P1 may extend along the third direction ED3, and the second part 7P2 may extend along the fourth direction ED4. The third direction ED3 and the fourth direction ED4 may be different. In addition, the third direction ED3 may be different from the first direction (here, direction X), and may be different from the second direction (here, direction Y), and the fourth direction ED4 may be different from the first direction, and may be different from the second direction. In some embodiments, the angle A71 between the third direction ED3 and the length direction of the view switchable panel (here, direction X) may be greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 40 degrees. For example, greater than 5 degrees and less than or equal to 20 degrees, greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees, greater than 5 degrees and less than or equal to 15 degrees, or greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 20 degrees. Similarly, the range of the angle A72 between the fourth direction ED4 and the length direction of the view switchable panel (here, direction X) can refer to the range of the angle A71 above, and the relevant description is omitted here for the sake of simplicity. The angle A71 and the angle A72 may be the same or different. Figure 7 In the C portion, the first strip portion 1641 has two portions (i.e., the first portion 7P1 and the second portion 7P2) and a bending portion BP42. In some embodiments, although not shown, the first strip portion 1641 may be configured with more than two portions (e.g., the first portion 7P1 and the second portion 7P2) and more than one bending portion BP41 to form a zigzag shape.

[0069] Figure 7 In the D portion, the main difference between the second electrode 164e and the second electrode 164d is that the bending portion BP42 of the second electrode 164e is arc-shaped, and the first strip portion 1641 of the second electrode 164e is wave-like. Here, each first strip portion 1641 is configured with two bending portions BP42, and the curvatures of the two bending portions BP42 are opposite, but not limited to this. For example, one of the bending portions BP42 bends upward, and the other bending portion BP42 bends downward. The number and curvature of the bending portions BP42 can be adjusted according to actual needs. By Figure 7 The configuration of the middle part B, the part C and the part D is beneficial to reducing the probability of the generation of moiré pattern.

[0070] Please refer to Figure 8, which is a schematic top view of the second electrodes 164f, 164g, 164h, 164i and the third electrodes 166f, 166g, 166h, 166i according to other embodiments of the present invention. Figure 8 In the A portion, the second electrode 164f and Figure 6 The main difference between the second electrode 164a and the first strip portion 1641 is the number and size of the third electrode 166f. Figure 6 The main difference between the second electrode 164f and the third electrode 166a is the number and size of the second strip-shaped portion 1661. The shape of the second electrode 164f and the third electrode 166f after combination is substantially rectangular, and corresponds to the shape of the viewing angle switchable panel in a top view, but is not limited thereto. For other details of the second electrode 164f and the third electrode 166f, reference may be made to the relevant description of the second electrode 164a and the third electrode 166a.

[0071] Figure 8 In the B portion of the second electrode 164g, the main difference between the second electrode 164f and the second electrode 164g is that the extension direction ED2 of the first strip portion 1641 of the second electrode 164g is different from the extension direction ED1 of the first strip portion 1641 of the second electrode 164f. The main difference between the third electrode 166g and the third electrode 166f is that the extension direction ED2 of the second strip portion 1661 of the third electrode 166g is different from the extension direction ED1 of the second strip portion 1661 of the third electrode 166f. In addition, the second electrode 164g may further include a first peripheral strip portion 1645 disposed on one side thereof (here, disposed on the upper side of the second electrode 164g), and the shape of the first peripheral strip portion 1645 is different from the shape of the first strip portion 1641. The third electrode 166g may further include a second peripheral strip portion 1665 disposed on one side thereof (here, disposed on the lower side of the third electrode 166g), and the shape of the second peripheral strip portion 1665 is different from the shape of the second strip portion 1661. The combined shape of the second electrode 164g and the third electrode 166g is substantially rectangular, and the shape of the panel can be switched according to the viewing angle in a top view, but is not limited thereto. Figure 7 The relevant descriptions are not repeated here. Figure 8 In the B part, the angle between the extension direction ED2 and the length direction of the viewing angle switchable panel (here, direction X) can be referred to as Figure 7 The relevant description about the angle A2 in Part B is omitted here for the sake of brevity.

[0072] Figure 8In the C portion, the main difference between the second electrode 164h and the second electrode 164g is that the first strip portion 1641 of the second electrode 164h includes a bend portion BP41, so that the first strip portion 1641 of the second electrode 164h is serrated. In addition, the second electrode 164h does not include a first peripheral strip portion arranged on one side thereof. The main difference between the third electrode 166h and the third electrode 166g is that the second strip portion 1661 of the third electrode 166h includes a bend portion BP61, so that the second strip portion 1661 of the third electrode 166h is serrated. In addition, the third electrode 166h may include a second peripheral strip portion 1665 arranged on one side thereof (here, arranged on the lower side of the third electrode 166h) and a third peripheral strip portion 1666 arranged on the other side thereof (here, arranged on the upper side of the third electrode 166h). The shapes of the second peripheral strip portion 1665 and the third peripheral strip portion 1666 are different from the shape of the second strip portion 1661, and the shapes of the second peripheral strip portion 1665 and the third peripheral strip portion 1666 are different from each other. The combined shape of the second electrode 164h and the third electrode 166h is substantially rectangular, and corresponds to the shape of the viewing angle switchable panel in a top view, but is not limited thereto.

[0073] Figure 8 In the C portion, the first strip portion 1641 and Figure 7 The first strip portion 1641 in the C portion of the embodiment is similar to the first strip portion 1641. Specifically, taking one of the first strip portions 1641 as an example, the first strip portion 1641 may include a first portion 8P1 and a second portion 8P2 connected to the first portion 8P1. The bending portion BP41 is connected between the first portion 8P1 and the second portion 8P2. For example, Figure 8 In the C portion of the embodiment, the bend portion BP41 may have a sharp shape. The angle between the extension direction of the first portion 8P1 and the length direction of the viewing angle switchable panel (here, direction X) and the angle between the extension direction of the second portion 8P2 and the length direction of the viewing angle switchable panel (here, direction X) can be referred to. Figure 7 The relevant descriptions about the angle A71 and the angle A72 in part C are omitted here for the sake of brevity.

[0074] Figure 8In the D portion, the main difference between the second electrode 164i and the second electrode 164h is that the bending portion BP42 of the second electrode 164i is in an arc shape, so that the first strip portion 1641 of the second electrode 164i is in a wave-like shape. In addition, the second electrode 164i may further include a first peripheral strip portion 1645 disposed on one side thereof (here, disposed on the lower side of the second electrode 164i), and the shape of the first peripheral strip portion 1645 is different from the shape of the first strip portion 1641. The main difference between the third electrode 166i and the third electrode 166h is that the bending portion BP62 of the third electrode 166i is in an arc shape, so that the second strip portion 1661 of the third electrode 166i is in a wave-like shape. In addition, the third electrode 166i may further include a second peripheral strip portion 1665 disposed on one side thereof (here, disposed on the upper side of the third electrode 166i), and does not include a third peripheral strip portion disposed on the other side thereof. The shape of the second peripheral strip portion 1665 is different from the shape of the second strip portion 1661. The shape of the second electrode 164i and the third electrode 166i after combination is substantially rectangular, and corresponds to the shape of the viewing angle switchable panel in a top view, but is not limited thereto. Figure 8 The configuration of the B portion, the C portion, and the D portion is beneficial to reduce the probability of the generation of a moiré pattern. Figure 7 The relevant description of the first strip portion 1641 in part D is omitted here for the sake of brevity.

[0075] Fig. 9 1 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a viewing angle switchable panel according to another embodiment of the present invention. The main difference between the viewing angle switchable panel 10b and the viewing angle switchable panel 10 is that the viewing angle switchable panel 10b further includes a first compensation film 172 and a second compensation film 174. The first compensation film 172 is disposed on the outer surface 122b of the first substrate 122, and the second compensation film 174 is disposed on the outer surface 124b of the second substrate 124, but is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the viewing angle switchable panel 10b may include only one of the first compensation film 172 and the second compensation film 174, but is not limited thereto. The first compensation film 172 and the second compensation film 174 may each independently be an A-plate, a C-plate, a biaxial film, an O-film, a discotic liquid crystal film, other suitable films or combinations thereof. In this way, the performance of the viewing angle switchable panel 10b can be adjusted according to actual needs. A-plate, C-plate, biaxial film, O-film, and discotic liquid crystal film are well known in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0076] Please refer to Fig. 10A, which is an experimental result of the privacy performance of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In detail, graph CV1 illustrates the relationship between brightness and viewing angle when the electronic device is in privacy mode. Table 2 lists the corresponding Fig. 10A When the viewing angle is 0 degrees, the brightness is 100%. Fig. 10A As shown in Table 2, under wide viewing angles, such as viewing angles greater than or equal to 45 degrees, or less than or equal to -45 degrees, the brightness is lower than 10%, lower than 5%, lower than 1%, or even lower than 0.5%. The display viewer can see a darker image at an inclined position, so the electronic device according to the present invention can provide good privacy performance.

[0077] Please refer to Fig. 10B , which is an experimental result of the sharing performance of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, graph CV2 illustrates the relationship between brightness and viewing angle when the electronic device is in sharing mode. Table 3 lists the corresponding Fig. 10B When the viewing angle is 0 degrees, the brightness is 100%. Fig. 10B As shown in Table 3, under wide viewing angle, for example, viewing angle greater than or equal to 45 degrees, or less than or equal to -45 degrees, the brightness is greater than 10%, greater than 15%, or even greater than 20%. The display viewer can still see clear images in a tilted position, so the electronic device according to the present invention can provide good sharing performance.

[0078]

[0079] According to the electronic device of the present invention, by adjusting the potential of the first electrode disposed on the inner surface of the first substrate and the potential of the second electrode and the third electrode disposed on the inner surface of the second substrate, the viewing angle switchable panel can switch between the narrow viewing angle mode and the wide viewing angle mode, so that the electronic device can provide the narrow viewing angle mode and the wide viewing angle mode. In addition, the viewing angle switchable panel can be used in conjunction with different display panels, and has the advantage of high versatility.

[0080] The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises: a display panel; and A viewing angle switchable panel is overlapped with the display panel, and the viewing angle switchable panel includes: a first substrate; a second substrate, disposed opposite to the first substrate; A first electrode is disposed on an inner surface of the first substrate; A second electrode is disposed on an inner surface of the second substrate; a third electrode, disposed on the inner surface of the second substrate and electrically insulated from the second electrode; and A switching medium layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; The viewing angle switchable panel can be controlled by the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode to switch between a first mode and a second mode, and the first mode and the second mode have different viewing angles.

2. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching medium layer includes a liquid crystal layer.

3. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first mode is a narrow viewing angle mode, and the second mode is a wide viewing angle mode.

4. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perspective switchable panel also includes: a horizontal alignment layer, disposed on the inner surface of the first substrate; and A vertical alignment layer is disposed on the inner surface of the second substrate.

5. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase retardation of the viewing angle switchable panel is 1000 nanometers to 25000 nanometers.

6. The electronic device according to claim 3, characterized in that: When a vertical electric field is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, the viewing angle switchable panel is in the narrow viewing angle mode.

7. The electronic device according to claim 3, characterized in that: When a horizontal electric field is provided between the second electrode and the third electrode, the viewing angle switchable panel is in the wide viewing angle mode.

8. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second electrode includes a plurality of first strip portions.

9. The electronic device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The third electrode is in a planar shape and is arranged overlapping with the second electrode.

10. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The viewing angle switchable panel further includes an insulating layer arranged between the second electrode and the third electrode.

11. The electronic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second electrode and the third electrode are arranged on the same layer.

12. The electronic device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The viewing angle switchable panel has a length direction, and at least one first strip portion of the plurality of first strip portions has an extension direction, and the extension direction is parallel to the length direction.

13. The electronic device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The viewing angle switchable panel has a length direction, and a portion of at least one first strip portion of the plurality of first strip portions has an extension direction, and the extension direction is inclined relative to the length direction.

14. The electronic device according to claim 8, characterized in that: At least one of the plurality of first strip portions includes a bending portion.

15. The electronic device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The third electrode includes a plurality of second strip portions.

16. The electronic device according to claim 15, characterized in that: In a top view of the electronic device, the plurality of first strip portions and the plurality of second strip portions extend along a first direction, and the plurality of first strip portions and the plurality of second strip portions are interlaced with each other along a second direction different from the first direction.

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