Synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method, system, device and storage medium

Abstract

The present invention provides a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method, system, equipment and storage medium, which relates to the field of accelerator technology. The octupole magnet is used to construct a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the phase space; the exciter is used to perform a single unidirectional excitation sweep within a preset sweep rate range on the particles in the synchrotron that already have obvious nonlinear characteristics, and calculate and determine the sweep curve based on beam parameters, the time required for extraction and automatic resonance conditions; the exciter applies automatic resonance excitation to the particle beam based on the sweep curve and monitors the real-time beam extraction structure through a feedback system, and adjusts the excitation intensity curve in real time to make the extraction structure more uniform. The present invention realizes fast beam slow extraction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of accelerator technology, and in particular to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method, system, device and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Synchrotron accelerators are core equipment for high-energy physics and applied scientific research, and are widely used in basic scientific research, industrial production, medical treatment and other fields. Slow extraction is an important extraction mode in accelerators, which can gradually extract particles stored in the ring accelerator to the external experimental terminal, providing a quasi-continuous, stable and adjustable particle beam. Synchrotron slow extraction is the process of extracting a quasi-continuous beam from the ring.

[0003] The traditional RF Knock Out (RF-KO) third-order resonance slow extraction method first modulates the working point from the injection working point to the extraction working point near the third-order resonance line by adjusting the quadrupole magnet, and then forms a phase-stable region of a specific shape by the sextupole magnet. Finally, the beam is acted on by the RF transverse electric field, and the transverse oscillation amplitude gradually increases to the outside of the phase-stable region, and then moves along the extraction boundary track for extraction. However, the extraction time in the traditional RF-KO third-order resonance slow extraction method is usually in the order of seconds. In order to achieve fast slow extraction (for example, in the order of milliseconds), the excitation amplitude needs to be greatly increased, resulting in a large excitation cost for slow extraction. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method, system, equipment and storage medium to solve the defect of large excitation cost of slow extraction in the prior art and realize fast beam slow extraction.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system.

[0006] The synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system comprises a sextupole magnet, an octupole magnet, an exciter and a feedback system; wherein,

[0007] The octupole magnet is used to construct a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the beam phase space; wherein the strength of the octupole magnet depends on the ratio of the difference between the initial transverse oscillation frequency of the particle and the induced transverse oscillation frequency to the difference between the initial phase space position of the particle and the induced phase space position; the polarity of the octupole magnet depends on the magnitude relationship between the initial particle transverse oscillation frequency and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the third-order resonance line;

[0008] The exciter is used to perform a single unidirectional excitation sweep within a preset sweep rate range on particles in the synchrotron that already have obvious nonlinear characteristics;

[0009] Determine a frequency sweep curve based on beam parameters, extraction time and automatic resonance conditions; the frequency sweep curve includes an excitation frequency sweep curve and an excitation intensity curve, the excitation frequency sweep curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation frequency and time during the frequency sweep process, and the excitation intensity curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation intensity and time during the frequency sweep process;

[0010] Automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam based on the frequency sweep curve, and the real-time beam extraction structure is monitored through a feedback system, and the excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform.

[0011] According to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system provided by the present invention, the exciter is specifically used for:

[0012] Based on the frequency sweep curve, automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam, so that the particle beam in the synchrotron accelerator automatically resonates when excited by the exciter, the particle transverse oscillation frequency is frequency-locked with the excitation sweep frequency of the exciter, and the resonance is continuously performed during the entire frequency sweep process, the transverse amplitude of the entire particle bunch is increased as a whole, and finally the particle beam is driven into the electrostatic deflection plate field area and is led out along the lead-out boundary track;

[0013] Determining an excitation intensity threshold for automatic resonance based on the resonance intensity of the sextupole field formed by the sextupole magnet, the Beta function value at the excitation point, and the sweep rate during the excitation sweep process;

[0014] The real-time beam extraction structure detects and obtains the magnitude of the excitation intensity through the feedback system; the excitation intensity is greater than or equal to the excitation intensity threshold for the occurrence of automatic resonance.

[0015] According to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system provided by the present invention, the octupole magnet is located at a target point in the synchrotron, and when extracting in the horizontal direction, the horizontal Beta function value of the target point is much larger than the vertical Beta function value; when extracting in the vertical direction, the vertical Beta function value of the target point is much larger than the value of the horizontal Beta function value on the longitudinal coordinate, so as to obtain a better nonlinear effect.

[0016] According to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system provided by the present invention, the sextupole magnet is specifically used for:

[0017] driving the beam phase space in the synchrotron to form a specific triangular phase space stable region;

[0018] Determining the lead-out boundary orbit based on the boundary of the phase space stable region;

[0019] The feedback system is used to monitor the intensity information of the real-time extracted beam, analyze the intensity information of the real-time extracted beam, and obtain feedback; the feedback is applied to the exciter so that the exciter can adjust the excitation intensity to make the beam extraction structure more uniform.

[0020] According to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system provided by the present invention, the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system also includes an extraction element, the extraction element includes an electrostatic deflection plate and an extraction cutting magnet, the electrostatic deflection plate includes an anode wire, a negative high-voltage electrode, a grounded metal shell and an insulating column;

[0021] The electrostatic deflection plate is used to generate an electric field by applying different potentials to the anode wire and the high-voltage electrode, thereby deflecting and extracting the particle beam;

[0022] The extraction cutting magnet is used to generate a magnetic field to further deflect and extract the particle beam.

[0023] According to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system provided by the present invention, the structure of the synchrotron is a symmetrical structure with a hexagonal layout, and the synchrotron includes six dipole magnets and twelve quadrupole magnets.

[0024] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method, which is applied to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system, wherein the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system comprises a sextupole magnet, an octupole magnet, an exciter, a feedback system and an extraction element; the extraction element comprises an electrostatic deflection plate and an extraction cutting magnet, and the electrostatic deflection plate comprises an anode wire, a high-voltage electrode, a grounded metal shell and an insulating column; the method comprises:

[0025] Using the sextupole magnet, driving the beam phase space in the synchrotron to form a specific triangular phase space stable region; determining the extraction boundary orbit based on the boundary of the phase space stable region;

[0026] By using the octupole magnet, a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency is established in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the beam phase space; wherein the strength of the octupole magnet depends on the ratio of the difference between the initial transverse oscillation frequency of the particle and the induced transverse oscillation frequency, and the difference between the initial phase space position of the particle and the induced phase space position; the polarity of the octupole magnet depends on the magnitude relationship between the initial particle transverse oscillation frequency and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the third-order resonance line;

[0027] The exciter is used to perform a single unidirectional excitation frequency sweep within a preset frequency sweep rate range on particles in a synchrotron that already have obvious nonlinear characteristics; a frequency sweep curve is determined based on beam parameters, extraction time, and automatic resonance conditions; the frequency sweep curve includes an excitation frequency sweep curve and an excitation intensity curve, the excitation frequency sweep curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation frequency and time during the frequency sweep process, and the excitation intensity curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation intensity and time during the frequency sweep process; automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam based on the frequency sweep curve, and a real-time beam extraction structure is monitored through a feedback system, and the excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform;

[0028] Using the electrostatic deflection plate, applying different potentials to the anode wire and the high-voltage electrode to generate an electric field, thereby deflecting and extracting the particle beam;

[0029] The extraction cutting magnet is used to generate a magnetic field to further deflect and extract the particle beam.

[0030] According to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method provided by the present invention, the automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam based on the frequency sweep curve, and the real-time beam extraction structure is monitored by a feedback system, and the excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform, including:

[0031] Based on the frequency sweep curve, automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam, so that the particle beam in the synchrotron accelerator automatically resonates when excited by the exciter, the particle transverse oscillation frequency is frequency-locked with the excitation sweep frequency of the exciter, and the resonance is continuously performed during the entire frequency sweep process, the transverse amplitude of the entire particle bunch is increased as a whole, and finally the particle beam is driven into the electrostatic deflection plate field area and is led out along the lead-out boundary track;

[0032] Determining an excitation intensity threshold for automatic resonance based on the resonance intensity of the sextupole field formed by the sextupole magnet, the Beta function value at the excitation point, and the sweep rate during the excitation sweep process;

[0033] The real-time beam extraction structure detects and obtains the magnitude of the excitation intensity through the feedback system; the excitation intensity is greater than or equal to the excitation intensity threshold for the occurrence of automatic resonance.

[0034] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method as described above is implemented.

[0035] In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above-described synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction methods.

[0036] In a fifth aspect, the present invention further provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above-mentioned synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction methods.

[0037] The present invention provides a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method, system, equipment and storage medium. The synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system includes a sextupole magnet, an octupole magnet, an exciter and a feedback system; the octupole magnet is used to construct a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the beam phase space; the strength of the octupole magnet depends on the difference between the initial transverse oscillation frequency of the particle and the extraction transverse oscillation frequency, and the ratio of the difference between the initial phase space position of the particle and the extraction phase space position; the polarity of the octupole magnet depends on the magnitude relationship between the initial particle transverse oscillation frequency and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the third-order resonance line; The exciter is used to perform a single unidirectional excitation sweep within a preset sweep rate range on particles in a synchrotron accelerator that already have obvious nonlinear characteristics, and determine a sweep curve based on beam parameters, extraction time, and automatic resonance conditions, wherein the sweep curve includes an excitation sweep curve and an excitation intensity curve, the excitation sweep curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation frequency and time during the sweep process, and the excitation intensity curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation intensity and time during the sweep process; based on the sweep curve, automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam, and the real-time beam extraction structure is monitored through a feedback system, and the excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform.

[0038] In the present invention, an octupole magnet is introduced to construct a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency in the phase space. The slow extraction process relies on appropriate frequency sweeping excitation to automatically lock the particle transverse oscillation frequency with the excitation sweeping frequency of the exciter. Automatic resonance continues to occur during the entire frequency sweeping process, and the transverse amplitude of the entire particle bunch is increased as a whole, which quickly excites the amplitude of the nonlinear resonance system and finally drives the particle beam into the electrostatic deflection plate field area and is extracted along the extraction boundary track. That is, the present invention drives the particle beam to automatically resonate as a whole through frequency sweeping excitation under specific conditions, so that the transverse amplitude increases rapidly and controllably, thereby realizing slow extraction of a fast beam. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0040] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system provided by the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction frequency-locked excitation to excite the lateral amplitude of particles provided by the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the effect of the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction scanning rate and system amplitude provided by the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the effect that the particle excitation amplitude provided by the present invention reaches the boundary of the stable region of the phase space.

[0044] Figure 5 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system provided by the present invention.

[0045] Figure 6 This is one of the flow diagrams of the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method provided by the present invention.

[0046] Figure 7 This is the second flow diagram of the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method provided by the present invention.

[0047] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the electronic device provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally a class, and the number of objects is not limited. For example, the first node can be one or more. In addition, "and / or" in the specification and claims represents at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally represents that the front and back associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0050] Combine the following Figure 1-Figure 8 The invention describes the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method, system, device and storage medium.

[0051] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system provided by the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown,

[0052] The synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system comprises a sextupole magnet, an octupole magnet, an exciter and a feedback system; wherein,

[0053] The octupole magnet is used to construct a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the beam phase space; wherein the strength of the octupole magnet depends on the ratio of the difference between the initial transverse oscillation frequency of the particle and the induced transverse oscillation frequency to the difference between the initial phase space position of the particle and the induced phase space position; the polarity of the octupole magnet depends on the magnitude relationship between the initial particle transverse oscillation frequency and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the third-order resonance line;

[0054] The exciter is used to perform a single unidirectional excitation sweep within a preset sweep rate range on particles in the synchrotron that already have obvious nonlinear characteristics;

[0055] Determine a frequency sweep curve based on beam parameters, extraction time and automatic resonance conditions; the frequency sweep curve includes an excitation frequency sweep curve and an excitation intensity curve, the excitation frequency sweep curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation frequency and time during the frequency sweep process, and the excitation intensity curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation intensity and time during the frequency sweep process;

[0056] Automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam based on the frequency sweep curve, and the real-time beam extraction structure is monitored through a feedback system, and the excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform.

[0057] Specifically, the execution subject of this embodiment is a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system, such as Figure 1 As shown, the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system includes the synchrotron, a sextupole magnet, an octupole magnet, an exciter and a feedback system, and is used to achieve fast and slow extraction of particle beams.

[0058] The octupole magnet is used to construct a proportional relationship between the particle's transverse oscillation amplitude and transverse oscillation frequency in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the beam phase space.

[0059] Among them, the strength of the octupole magnet depends on the ratio of the difference between the initial transverse oscillation frequency of the particle and the induced transverse oscillation frequency, and the difference between the initial phase space position of the particle and the induced phase space position; the polarity of the octupole magnet depends on the relationship between the initial transverse oscillation frequency of the particle and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the third-order resonance line.

[0060] Furthermore, the exciter is used to perform a single unidirectional excitation sweep within a preset sweep rate range on particles in the synchrotron that already have obvious nonlinear characteristics.

[0061] Among them, a method for determining a preset sweep rate range, the preset sweep rate range is, for example, a first preset value to a second preset value, the first preset value is lower than the initial transverse oscillation frequency of the particles, the second preset value is higher than the expected transverse oscillation frequency corresponding to the extracted particle beam, and the transverse oscillation frequency corresponding to the extracted particle beam is lower than but close to the third-order resonance line:

[0062] At this time, the excitation frequency sweep starts at a frequency lower than the initial lateral oscillation frequency Qx, and sweeps upward at a certain rate. When the frequency sweeps over Qx, the particle will resonate and maintain frequency-locked resonance with the excitation. The particle amplitude continues to increase until it exceeds the phase stable area and enters the electrostatic deflection plate field area to be deflected, enters the cutting iron field area to be further deflected, and enters the lead-out track to be led out.

[0063] Another way to determine the preset sweep rate range, the preset sweep rate range is, for example, a first preset value to a second preset value, the first preset value is higher than the initial transverse oscillation frequency of the particles, the second preset value is lower than the expected transverse oscillation frequency corresponding to the extracted particle beam, and the transverse oscillation frequency corresponding to the extracted particle beam is higher than but close to the third-order resonance line:

[0064] At this time, the excitation frequency sweep starts at a frequency higher than the initial lateral oscillation frequency Qx, and sweeps downward at a certain rate. When the frequency sweeps over Qx, the particle will resonate, and the particle's lateral oscillation frequency and the excitation maintain frequency-locked resonance. The particle amplitude continues to increase until it exceeds the phase stable area and enters the electrostatic deflection plate field area to be deflected, enters the cutting iron field area to be further deflected, and enters the lead-out track to be led out.

[0065] Furthermore, a frequency sweep curve can be determined based on beam parameters, extraction time and automatic resonance conditions, wherein the frequency sweep curve includes an excitation frequency sweep curve and an excitation intensity curve, wherein the excitation frequency sweep curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation frequency and time during the frequency sweep process, and the excitation intensity curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation intensity and time during the frequency sweep process.

[0066] Furthermore, in the process of driving the slow extraction of the beam, the exciter applies automatic resonance excitation to the particle beam in the synchrotron based on the sweep frequency curve. At the same time, the excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time through the monitoring of the real-time beam extraction structure by the feedback system to make the extraction structure more uniform.

[0067] Specifically, when the excitation frequency and the excitation amplitude meet the preset auto-resonance conditions, the transverse oscillation frequency corresponding to the particle beam in the synchrotron increases with the excitation frequency, and drives the particle beam amplitude to continue to increase, and is led out along the extraction boundary track. Alternatively, the excitation frequency starts from a position higher than the particle transverse oscillation frequency, and starts to drive the particle amplitude when the frequency is swept down and close to the particle transverse oscillation frequency. When the particle amplitude increases, the particle transverse oscillation frequency decreases due to the action of the octupole magnet, and the excitation frequency continues to sweep down over the particle transverse oscillation frequency after the change, which is a downward sweep, and drives the particle beam amplitude to continue to increase, and is led out along the extraction boundary track. It should be noted that the transverse direction also includes two directions, horizontal and vertical. Our extraction can be along the horizontal direction, along the vertical direction, or at a certain angle.

[0068] It should be noted that the phase space of the beam in the synchrotron can be driven by a sextupole magnet to form a specific triangular phase space stable region, and then the extraction boundary orbit is determined based on the phase space stable region. Under the nonlinear effect of the octupole magnet, the overall transverse oscillation amplitude of the particle beam will increase accordingly with the excitation frequency sweep.

[0069] The preset automatic resonance condition is expressed by the following formula, for example:

[0070]

[0071] Among them, β represents the horizontal BETA function value at the excitation, α represents the excitation sweep rate, G represents the resonance intensity of the hexapole field, and ε represents the excitation intensity.

[0072] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the principle of the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction frequency-locked excitation to excite the particle transverse amplitude provided by the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown:

[0073] First, the excitation frequency is adjusted based on the excitation sweep curve; when the excitation sweeps across the particle's transverse working point, the particle is excited and the transverse amplitude increases, causing the particle's transverse working point to change; the excitation frequency sweeps across the particle's new transverse working point, and the particle is excited and the transverse amplitude increases, causing the particle's transverse working point to change again, and this cycle repeats. By precisely controlling this process, the fast and slow extraction of the particle beam can be achieved.

[0074] The synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system provided in this embodiment

[0075] It includes a synchrotron, a sextupole magnet, an octupole magnet, an exciter and a feedback system; the octupole magnet is used to construct a proportional relationship between the particle's transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the beam phase space; the strength of the octupole magnet depends on the difference between the particle's initial transverse oscillation frequency and the induced transverse oscillation frequency, and the ratio of the difference between the particle's initial phase space position and the induced phase space position; the polarity of the octupole magnet depends on the relationship between the initial particle's transverse oscillation frequency and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the third-order resonance line; the exciter is used to generate a positive proportional relationship between the particle's transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the beam phase space. The characterized particles are subjected to a single unidirectional excitation sweep within a preset sweep rate range, and a sweep curve is determined based on beam parameters, extraction time and automatic resonance conditions, wherein the sweep curve includes an excitation sweep curve and an excitation intensity curve, the excitation sweep curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation frequency and time during the sweep process, and the excitation intensity curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation intensity and time during the sweep process; automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam based on the sweep curve, and the real-time beam extraction structure is monitored through a feedback system, and the excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform.

[0076] In the present invention, an octupole magnet is introduced to construct a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency in the phase space. The slow extraction process relies on appropriate frequency sweeping excitation to automatically lock the particle transverse oscillation frequency with the excitation sweeping frequency of the exciter. Automatic resonance continues to occur during the entire frequency sweeping process, and the transverse amplitude of the entire particle bunch is increased as a whole, which quickly excites the amplitude of the nonlinear resonance system and eventually drives the particle beam into the electrostatic deflection plate field area and is extracted along the extraction boundary track. That is, the present invention drives the particle beam to automatically resonate as a whole through frequency sweeping excitation under specific conditions, so that the transverse amplitude increases rapidly and controllably, thereby realizing slow extraction of a fast beam.

[0077] According to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system provided by the present invention, the exciter is specifically used for:

[0078] Based on the frequency sweep curve, automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam, so that the particle beam in the synchrotron accelerator automatically resonates when excited by the exciter, the particle transverse oscillation frequency is frequency-locked with the excitation sweep frequency of the exciter, and the resonance is continuously performed during the entire frequency sweep process, the transverse amplitude of the entire particle bunch is increased as a whole, and finally the particle beam is driven into the electrostatic deflection plate field area and is led out along the lead-out boundary track;

[0079] Determining an excitation intensity threshold for automatic resonance based on the resonance intensity of the sextupole field formed by the sextupole magnet, the Beta function value at the excitation point, and the sweep rate during the excitation sweep process;

[0080] The real-time beam extraction structure detects and obtains the magnitude of the excitation intensity through the feedback system; the excitation intensity is greater than or equal to the excitation intensity threshold for the occurrence of automatic resonance.

[0081] Specifically, the process of the exciter applying automatic resonance excitation is exemplified as follows:

[0082] Based on the above determined sweep frequency curve (excitation intensity curve), the particle beam is subjected to automatic resonance excitation. When the particle beam is excited by the exciter, automatic resonance is induced, and the particle transverse oscillation frequency is locked with the excitation sweep frequency of the exciter, and then the resonance is continued during the whole sweep frequency process, resulting in an overall increase in the transverse amplitude of the whole particle bunch, and finally driving the particle beam into the electrostatic deflection plate field area and being led out along the lead-out boundary track;

[0083] Among them, first, it is determined that the excitation sweep frequency is higher or lower than the initial particle transverse oscillation frequency. Second, the excitation sweep frequency is determined to be higher or lower than the transverse oscillation frequency of the induced particles (but close to the third-order resonance line). Third, according to the preset automatic resonance condition described in the formula, the sweep rate is calculated according to the required extraction time, and then the excitation intensity threshold for the occurrence of automatic resonance is calculated according to the resonance intensity of the sextupole field formed by the sextupole magnet and the Beta function value at the excitation point. The initial excitation sweep curve is determined in three steps.

[0084] In addition, according to the specific extraction beam structure, the feedback system can be used to monitor the beam extraction structure in real time, and the excitation intensity can be adjusted in real time according to the monitoring results to make the extraction structure more uniform, but the excitation intensity cannot be less than the excitation intensity threshold obtained in the third step. This is because, in order to induce the auto-resonance phenomenon, the excitation drive intensity ε must exceed a specific resonance threshold ε, which is related to the scanning rate. As shown in the figure, at a given scanning rate, the auto-resonance threshold of the system is approximately between 0.11902 and 0.11903. Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the effect of the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction scanning rate and system amplitude provided by the present invention, such as Figure 3As shown in the figure, only when the excitation intensity exceeds this threshold, the amplitude of the system will continue to increase due to the swept frequency excitation; if the excitation intensity is lower than this threshold, the oscillation of the system will tend to be stable, and no automatic resonance will occur, so the amplitude will not continue to grow.

[0085] The traditional RF-KO slow extraction method requires a higher excitation intensity, because the particle transverse oscillation frequency and the excitation frequency can only match when the excitation frequency sweeps over the particle transverse oscillation frequency, and does not contribute to the increase of the particle amplitude when sweeping over the other frequencies. The automatic resonance technology in the system provided in this embodiment relies on a frequency locking mechanism, so that the particle transverse oscillation frequency and the excitation frequency are automatically locked, and the frequency of the sweep excitation is a preset curve, which ensures that the particles remain in a resonant state during the entire extraction process. This mechanism can improve the efficiency of excitation energy utilization and reduce the required excitation intensity, thereby reducing the complexity and power consumption of the RF system, while improving the extraction efficiency and stability, and ensuring the time structure and uniformity of the beam.

[0086] In the system provided by the present invention, compared with the conventional slow extraction excitation process, in the automatic resonance process, the energy utilization rate of the exciter is higher, and fast and slow extraction of the beam can be achieved.

[0087] According to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system provided by the present invention, the octupole magnet is located at a target point in the synchrotron, and when extracting in the horizontal direction, the horizontal Beta function value of the target point is much larger than the value of the vertical Beta function value on the longitudinal coordinate; when extracting in the vertical direction, the vertical Beta function value of the target point is much larger than the value of the horizontal Beta function value on the longitudinal coordinate, so as to obtain a better nonlinear effect.

[0088] Specifically, in some embodiments, the octupole magnet is located at a target point in the synchrotron. For example, when it is led out in the horizontal direction, the horizontal Beta function value of the target point is much larger than the vertical Beta function value; when it is led out in the vertical direction, the vertical Beta function value of the target point is much larger than the value of the horizontal Beta function value on the longitudinal coordinate, so as to obtain a better nonlinear effect, and similar results must be obtained in other directions.

[0089] Among them, the full-ring Beta function describes the lateral size distribution of the particle beam in the accelerator. In a particle accelerator, the Beta function (β function) is a key parameter, which is closely related to the focusing and stability of the particle beam. The full-ring Beta function refers to the distribution of the Beta function in the entire accelerator ring, which affects the transmission efficiency and experimental results of the particle beam. In accelerator physics, the Beta function is defined as the relative position distribution of the particle beam in the transverse plane. Specifically, it describes the change of the lateral size of the particle beam in the accelerator with position. The larger the value of the Beta function at this point and in this direction, the larger the lateral size of the particle beam at this point and in this direction, and the weaker the focusing; conversely, the smaller the value of the Beta function, the smaller the lateral size of the particle beam and the stronger the focusing.

[0090] For example, Figure 1 As shown, the target point of the octupole magnet is in the lower right corner. Here, when it is drawn in the horizontal direction, the horizontal Beta function value of the target point is much larger than the value of the vertical Beta function value on the longitudinal coordinate; when it is drawn in the vertical direction, the vertical Beta function value of the target point is much larger than the value of the horizontal Beta function value on the longitudinal coordinate.

[0091] In the system provided in this embodiment, the target point where the octupole magnet is located must have a horizontal Beta function value much larger than a vertical Beta function value when it is led out in the horizontal direction, and similarly it must be led out in other directions, so that when the automatic resonance condition is reached, the beam amplitude quickly increases to the preset lead-out boundary and is led out.

[0092] According to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system provided by the present invention, the sextupole magnet is specifically used for:

[0093] driving the beam phase space in the synchrotron to form a specific triangular phase space stable region;

[0094] Determining the lead-out boundary orbit based on the boundary of the phase space stable region;

[0095] The feedback system is used to monitor the intensity information of the real-time extracted beam, analyze the intensity information of the real-time extracted beam, and obtain feedback; the feedback is applied to the exciter so that the exciter can adjust the excitation intensity to make the beam extraction structure more uniform.

[0096] Specifically, in some embodiments, the sextupole magnet is specifically used to drive the phase space in the synchrotron to form a phase space stable region of the specific shape. For example, the sextupole magnet can form a specific phase space stable region in the phase space through its magnetic field distribution. These regions are usually determined according to the design of the accelerator and the characteristics of the particle beam, in order to ensure that the extraction process is efficient and reliable.

[0097] Furthermore, the extraction boundary track is determined based on the boundary of the phase space stable region. When the particle oscillation amplitude increases to a large enough level, the particle will enter the electrostatic deflection plate (ESe) along a specific boundary track and be extracted. This boundary track is determined based on the boundary of the phase space stable region, ensuring that the particle beam can be extracted along a predetermined path.

[0098] Furthermore, the feedback system can monitor the intensity information of the real-time extracted beam, analyze the intensity information of the real-time extracted beam, and obtain feedback; further, the feedback is applied to the exciter so that the exciter can adjust the excitation intensity to make the beam extraction structure more uniform.

[0099] For example, Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the effect of the particle excitation amplitude reaching the boundary of the phase space stable region provided by the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, a stable triangle can be formed based on a sextupole magnet. The area within the stable triangle is also the stable area of ​​the phase space. The boundary of the stable triangle and its extension line are the extraction orbits, along which the particle beam can be controlled.

[0100] In the system provided in this embodiment, the sextupole magnet drives the phase space in the synchrotron to form a phase space stable region; the extraction boundary track is determined based on the boundary of the phase space stable region. In the present invention, the boundary of the phase space stable region is formed by the sextupole magnet, providing a preset stable phase space trajectory for the particle beam for beam extraction. At the same time, the octupole magnet introduces a transverse oscillation frequency proportional to the amplitude, so that when the auto-resonance condition is reached, the beam amplitude quickly increases to the preset extraction boundary track and is extracted.

[0101] According to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system provided by the present invention, the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system also includes an extraction element, the extraction element includes an electrostatic deflection plate and an extraction cutting magnet, the electrostatic deflection plate includes an anode wire, a high-voltage electrode, a grounded metal shell and an insulating column;

[0102] The electrostatic deflection plate is used to generate an electric field by applying different potentials to the anode wire and the high-voltage electrode, thereby deflecting and extracting the particle beam;

[0103] The extraction cutting magnet is used to generate a magnetic field to further deflect and extract the particle beam.

[0104] Specifically, in some embodiments, the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system further includes an extraction element, which includes an electrostatic deflection plate and an extraction cutting magnet, and the extraction element is a key component for deflecting and extracting a particle beam.

[0105] Among them, the electrostatic deflection plate is used to generate an electric field by applying different potentials to the anode wire and the high-voltage electrode. When there is a potential difference between the anode wire and the high-voltage electrode, an electric field will be formed between the two electrodes. The direction of this electric field is from the electrode with lower potential to the electrode with higher potential. As negative charges, electrons will be deflected toward the electrode with higher potential by the action of this electric field, thereby deflecting and leading out the particle beam. The electrostatic deflection plate is composed of an anode wire, a high-voltage electrode, a mechanical motion structure, a grounded metal shell and an insulating column. The working principle of the electrostatic deflection plate is to generate an electric field by applying different potentials to the anode wire and the high-voltage electrode, thereby deflecting the particle beam. 1. The structural feature of the electrostatic deflection plate is that the design of the electrostatic deflection plate needs to consider the uniformity of the electric field, pressure resistance and mechanical strength. 2. The discharge problem of the electrostatic deflection plate needs to be considered: when the electrostatic deflection plate works under high voltage, vacuum breakdown and insulation breakdown may occur. In order to prevent these problems, it is necessary to ensure sufficient creepage distance and maintain the vacuum degree of the environment in which the deflection plate is located.

[0106] The extraction cutting magnet is another key component used in the particle accelerator, which is used to generate a magnetic field to further deflect and extract the particle beam. 1. The structure and design of the extraction cutting magnet: The design of the extraction cutting magnet needs to consider the distribution and strength of the magnetic field to ensure that the particle beam can be effectively extracted. Magnets are usually stacked by punching sheets, and electromagnetic design and two-dimensional magnetic field calculation are required to optimize the magnetic field distribution. 2. Digital upgrade of the power supply of the extraction cutting magnet: The extraction cutting magnet power supply is an important part of the accelerator. Digitalization, networking, and intelligence are the development trends of accelerator magnet power supplies. Controllers based on DSP and FPGA are digital control solutions commonly used in accelerator power supplies at home and abroad. 3. Magnetic field requirements: The extraction cutting magnet forms different magnetic fields on both sides of the cutting plate, and the deflection amount of the extraction beam and the circulating beam is different. Some cutting magnets can even achieve that the magnetic field exists only in the extraction channel. When extracting beams at different energies, the cutting magnet needs to generate different magnetic fields, that is, the cutting iron power supply needs to output different currents.

[0107] The system provided in this embodiment also includes an extraction element, which includes an electrostatic deflection plate and an extraction cutting magnet. In the present invention, the electrostatic deflection plate and the extraction cutting magnet are key components for controlling and extracting the particle beam. When the automatic resonance condition is reached, the beam amplitude quickly increases to the preset extraction boundary track and is extracted by the extraction element, thereby realizing fast and slow extraction of the particle beam.

[0108] According to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system provided by the present invention, the structure of the synchrotron is a symmetrical structure with a hexagonal layout, and the synchrotron includes six dipole magnets and twelve quadrupole magnets.

[0109] Specifically, in some embodiments, the structure of the synchrotron is a symmetrical structure with a hexagonal layout, and the synchrotron includes six dipole magnets and twelve quadrupole magnets.

[0110] For example, Figure 5 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system provided by the present invention, such as Figure 5 As shown, the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system includes six dipole magnets.

[0111] In order to meet the requirements of compact design of injection and extraction system, the distance between two adjacent dipole magnets is optimized to 5.22m, and the distance between two quadrupole magnets in the same straight line is 2.9m. The remaining four straight lines are mainly used to install high-frequency system, transverse excitation (RF-KO), DC current transformer (DCCT) and extraction electrostatic deflection plate (ESe).

[0112] The synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction solution provided in this embodiment is not limited to the accelerator of the above structure, but can be applied to all synchrotrons. This embodiment does not specifically limit the structure of the synchrotron.

[0113] In the system provided in this embodiment, the synchrotron includes six dipole magnets and twelve quadrupole magnets. The structure of the synchrotron is a symmetrical structure with a hexagonal layout. Based on the method provided in this embodiment, the particle beam can be led out to the boundary orbit from multiple directions and move along the boundary orbit, thereby realizing fast and slow extraction of the particle beam.

[0114] Figure 6 This is one of the flow diagrams of the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method provided by the present invention, such as Figure 6 As shown, the method is applied to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system, which includes a sextupole magnet, an octupole magnet, an exciter, a feedback system and an extraction element; the extraction element includes an electrostatic deflection plate and an extraction cutting magnet, and the electrostatic deflection plate includes an anode wire, a high-voltage electrode, a grounded metal shell and an insulating column; the method includes the following steps:

[0115] Step 601: using a sextupole magnet, driving the beam phase space in the synchrotron to form a specific triangular phase space stable region; determining an extraction boundary orbit based on the boundary of the phase space stable region;

[0116] Step 602: using an octupole magnet, construct a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the beam phase space; wherein the strength of the octupole magnet depends on the ratio of the difference between the initial transverse oscillation frequency of the particle and the induced transverse oscillation frequency, and the difference between the initial phase space position of the particle and the induced phase space position; the polarity of the octupole magnet depends on the magnitude relationship between the initial particle transverse oscillation frequency and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the third-order resonance line;

[0117] Step 603: using an exciter, performing a single unidirectional excitation sweep within a preset sweep rate range on particles in the synchrotron that already have obvious nonlinear characteristics; determining a sweep curve based on beam parameters, extraction time, and automatic resonance conditions; the sweep curve includes an excitation sweep curve and an excitation intensity curve, the excitation sweep curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation frequency and time during the sweep process, and the excitation intensity curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation intensity and time during the sweep process; applying automatic resonance excitation to the particle beam based on the sweep curve, monitoring the real-time beam extraction structure through a feedback system, and adjusting the excitation intensity curve in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform;

[0118] Step 604: using an electrostatic deflection plate to generate an electric field by applying different potentials to the anode wire and the high voltage electrode, thereby deflecting and extracting the particle beam;

[0119] Step 605: Use the extraction cutting magnet to generate a magnetic field to further deflect and extract the particle beam.

[0120] Specifically, the extraction channel is designed first: the extraction channel is determined according to the beam envelope, full-ring beta function, magnet, and beam line layout, and the extraction electrostatic deflection plate and cutting magnet are placed in the optimal position to ensure that the extracted beam can be extracted from the synchronization ring along the predetermined path and reduce beam loss.

[0121] Furthermore, according to the third-order resonant slow extraction theory, the phase, strength and end excitation frequency of the sextupole magnet are set to form the boundary of the phase space stable region and the extraction boundary track suitable for optics. According to the beam nonlinear theory, the phase and strength of the octupole magnet are set to form a suitable "working point-beam amplitude" modulation relationship to ensure that the beam working point at the extraction boundary track is consistent with the preset.

[0122] A sextupole magnet is used to drive the beam phase space in the synchrotron to form a specific triangular phase space stable region; an extraction boundary track is determined based on the boundary of the phase space stable region; an octupole magnet is used to construct a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the beam phase space; an exciter is used to perform a single unidirectional excitation sweep within a preset sweep rate range on the particles in the synchrotron that already have obvious nonlinear characteristics, and a sweep curve is determined based on beam parameters, the extraction time required, and automatic resonance conditions; the sweep curve includes an excitation sweep curve and an excitation intensity curve, the excitation sweep curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation frequency and time during the sweep process, and the excitation intensity curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation intensity and time during the sweep process; further, an exciter is used to apply automatic resonance excitation to the particle beam based on the sweep curve, and a real-time beam extraction structure is monitored through a feedback system, and the excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform. An electrostatic deflection plate is used to generate an electric field between the cutting plate and the high-voltage electrode, thereby deflecting and extracting the particle beam; an extraction cutting magnet is used to generate a magnetic field to further deflect and extract the particle beam. Specifically, the extraction cutting magnet is placed behind the electrostatic deflection plate. Based on the extraction cutting magnet, the beam will be deflected by a larger magnetic field and transmitted to the high-energy beam line, thereby achieving separation from the ring.

[0123] The method provided in this embodiment is applied to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system. More specifically, the present invention protects a newly built synchrotron automatic resonance slow extraction and adds an automatic resonance slow extraction function to an already built synchrotron and transforms an existing synchrotron slow extraction into a synchrotron automatic resonance slow extraction. First, a sextupole magnet is used to drive the beam phase space in the synchrotron to form a specific triangular phase space stable region; the extraction boundary track is determined based on the boundary of the phase space stable region; then, an octupole magnet is used to construct a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the beam phase space; wherein the strength of the octupole magnet depends on the difference between the initial transverse oscillation frequency of the particle and the extraction transverse oscillation frequency, and is related to the initial phase space position of the particle and the extraction phase space position the ratio of the difference between the positions; the polarity of the octupole magnet depends on the magnitude relationship between the initial particle transverse oscillation frequency and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the third-order resonance line; further, using an exciter, a single unidirectional excitation sweep is performed within a preset sweep rate range on the particles in the synchrotron that already have obvious nonlinear characteristics, and the excitation sweep curve and the excitation intensity curve are determined based on the beam parameters, the extraction time required and the automatic resonance conditions; further, automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam based on the sweep curve, and the real-time beam extraction structure is monitored through a feedback system, and the excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform; using an electrostatic deflection plate, different potentials are applied to the anode wire and the high-voltage electrode to generate an electric field, thereby deflecting and extracting the particle beam; using an extraction cutting magnet, a magnetic field is generated to further deflect and extract the particle beam.

[0124] In the present invention, an octupole magnet is introduced to construct a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency in the phase space. The slow extraction process relies on appropriate frequency sweeping excitation to automatically lock the particle transverse oscillation frequency with the excitation sweeping frequency of the exciter. Automatic resonance continues to occur during the entire frequency sweeping process, and the transverse amplitude of the entire particle bunch is increased as a whole, which quickly excites the amplitude of the nonlinear resonance system and finally drives the particle beam into the electrostatic deflection plate field area and is extracted along the extraction boundary track. That is, the present invention drives the particle beam to automatically resonate as a whole through frequency sweeping excitation under specific conditions, so that the transverse amplitude increases rapidly and controllably, thereby realizing slow extraction of a fast beam.

[0125] According to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method provided by the present invention, automatic resonance excitation is applied to a particle beam based on a frequency sweep curve, and a real-time beam extraction structure is monitored through a feedback system, and an excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform, including:

[0126] Based on the frequency sweep curve, the particle beam is automatically resonated when excited by the exciter. The particle transverse oscillation frequency is locked with the excitation sweep frequency of the exciter. The resonance is continued during the whole frequency sweep process. The transverse amplitude of the whole particle bunch is increased as a whole, and the particle beam is finally driven into the electrostatic deflection plate field area and led out along the lead-out boundary track.

[0127] Based on the resonance intensity of the sextupole field formed by the sextupole magnet, the Beta function value at the excitation point, and the sweep rate during the excitation sweep, the excitation intensity threshold for the occurrence of automatic resonance is determined;

[0128] The real-time beam extraction structure detected by the feedback system adjusts the magnitude of the excitation intensity; the excitation intensity is greater than or equal to the excitation intensity threshold for the occurrence of automatic resonance.

[0129] Compared with the conventional slow extraction excitation process, the method provided in this embodiment has a higher energy utilization rate of the exciter during the automatic resonance process, and can achieve fast and slow extraction of the beam. Through sweep frequency excitation under specific conditions, the particle beam is driven to resonate as a whole, so that the lateral amplitude increases rapidly and controllably, thereby achieving fast beam slow extraction.

[0130] Figure 7 This is the second flow diagram of the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method provided by the present invention, such as Figure 7 As shown, the method includes:

[0131] Step 701, configure sextupole magnet and octupole magnet: configure the position and strength of sextupole magnet to create the phase space stable region boundary and lead-out boundary track suitable for optics. Configure the position and strength of octupole magnet, and combine with sextupole magnet to determine the particle's transverse working point-transverse amplitude relationship curve.

[0132] Step 702, setting the excitation sweep frequency curve: adjusting the curve shape according to the experimental requirements, thereby controlling the extraction time, beam extraction structure and other parameters.

[0133] Step 703, designing the extraction channel: placing extraction elements such as electrostatic deflection plates and extraction cutting magnets according to the beam envelope and the unstable region of the sextupole magnet, as well as the boundary track and the pitch.

[0134] Step 704 : applying excitation to the particle beam based on the excitation sweep frequency curve, so that the particle beam is slowly extracted along the extraction channel.

[0135] In the method provided in this embodiment, the automatic resonance in slow extraction has the following characteristics and advantages compared with the traditional RF-KO slow extraction method:

[0136] (1) The frequency locking mechanism reduces the excitation intensity: The traditional RF-KO slow extraction method requires a higher excitation intensity, because the particle transverse oscillation frequency and the excitation frequency can only match when the excitation frequency sweeps across the particle transverse oscillation frequency, and does not contribute to the increase of the particle amplitude when sweeping across other frequencies. The automatic resonance technology of the present invention relies on a frequency locking mechanism to lock the excitation frequency with the particle transverse oscillation frequency, ensuring that the particle remains in a resonant state during the entire extraction process. This mechanism can improve the efficiency of excitation energy utilization and reduce the required excitation intensity, thereby reducing the complexity and power consumption of the RF system, while improving the extraction efficiency and stability, and ensuring the temporal structure and uniformity of the beam.

[0137] (2) No need to use a quadrupole magnet to adjust the working point: The traditional slow extraction technology needs to use a quadrupole magnet to adjust the working point before extraction, so that it is close to the third-order resonance line, so as to cooperate with the sextupole magnet to make a triangle appear in the phase space. This increases the complexity and cost of the system. The present invention introduces an octupole magnet to make the particle's transverse oscillation frequency proportional to its amplitude, thereby changing the particle's transverse oscillation frequency characteristics and giving the beam obvious nonlinear resonance system characteristics. When the particle's transverse oscillation amplitude reaches a preset value, its transverse working point also reaches the preset extraction working point. In this case, through appropriate sweep excitation, the particle beam can be directly driven to resonate as a whole, increase the transverse amplitude, and achieve fast and uniform beam extraction. This method not only simplifies the system design, reduces complexity and cost, but also improves the stability and controllability of the extraction process.

[0138] (3) Higher stability and predictability: Automatic resonance excitation provides a more stable and predictable extraction process. Unlike the third-order resonance excitation of particle transverse oscillation amplitude, which is very sensitive to small changes, automatic resonance relies on the inherent frequency characteristics of the beam itself. The particle transverse oscillation frequency and the excitation sweep frequency are locked to ensure that the conditions for automatic resonance are met. By adjusting the sweep curve, the particle amplitude change can be controlled, allowing faster and more controllable slow extraction to meet the needs of different experiments and applications.

[0139] In summary, automatic resonance slow extraction provides a simpler, more stable and more effective slow extraction method.

[0140] Figure 8 An example of a physical structure diagram of an electronic device is shown in FIG. Figure 8As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 810, a communication interface 820, a memory 830 and a communication bus 840, wherein the processor 810, the communication interface 820 and the memory 830 communicate with each other through the communication bus 840. The processor 810 may call the logic instructions in the memory 830 to execute the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method, which is applied to the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system, the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system includes a sextupole magnet, an octupole magnet, an exciter, a feedback system and an extraction element; the extraction element includes an electrostatic deflection plate and an extraction cutting magnet, the electrostatic deflection plate includes an anode wire, a high voltage electrode, a grounded metal shell and an insulating column; the method includes:

[0141] Using the sextupole magnet, driving the beam phase space in the synchrotron to form a specific triangular phase space stable region; determining the extraction boundary orbit based on the boundary of the phase space stable region;

[0142] By using the octupole magnet, a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency is established in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the beam phase space; wherein the strength of the octupole magnet depends on the ratio of the difference between the initial transverse oscillation frequency of the particle and the induced transverse oscillation frequency, and the difference between the initial phase space position of the particle and the induced phase space position; the polarity of the octupole magnet depends on the magnitude relationship between the initial particle transverse oscillation frequency and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the third-order resonance line;

[0143] The exciter is used to perform a single unidirectional excitation frequency sweep within a preset frequency sweep rate range on particles in a synchrotron that already have obvious nonlinear characteristics; a frequency sweep curve is determined based on beam parameters, extraction time, and automatic resonance conditions; the frequency sweep curve includes an excitation frequency sweep curve and an excitation intensity curve, the excitation frequency sweep curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation frequency and time during the frequency sweep process, and the excitation intensity curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation intensity and time during the frequency sweep process; automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam based on the frequency sweep curve, and a real-time beam extraction structure is monitored through a feedback system, and the excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform;

[0144] Using the electrostatic deflection plate, applying different potentials to the anode wire and the high-voltage electrode to generate an electric field, thereby deflecting and extracting the particle beam;

[0145] The extraction cutting magnet is used to generate a magnetic field to further deflect and extract the particle beam.

[0146] In addition, the logic instructions in the above-mentioned memory 830 can be implemented in the form of a software functional unit and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium when it is sold or used as an independent product. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0147] On the other hand, the present invention further provides a computer program product, the computer program product includes a computer program, the computer program can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method provided by the above methods, the method is applied to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system, the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system includes a sextupole magnet, an octupole magnet, an exciter, a feedback system and an extraction element; the extraction element includes an electrostatic deflection plate and an extraction cutting magnet, the electrostatic deflection plate includes an anode wire, a high voltage electrode, a grounded metal shell and an insulating column; the method includes:

[0148] Using the sextupole magnet, driving the beam phase space in the synchrotron to form a specific triangular phase space stable region; determining the extraction boundary orbit based on the boundary of the phase space stable region;

[0149] By using the octupole magnet, a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency is established in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the beam phase space; wherein the strength of the octupole magnet depends on the ratio of the difference between the initial transverse oscillation frequency of the particle and the induced transverse oscillation frequency, and the difference between the initial phase space position of the particle and the induced phase space position; the polarity of the octupole magnet depends on the magnitude relationship between the initial particle transverse oscillation frequency and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the third-order resonance line;

[0150] The exciter is used to perform a single unidirectional excitation frequency sweep within a preset frequency sweep rate range on particles in a synchrotron that already have obvious nonlinear characteristics; a frequency sweep curve is determined based on beam parameters, extraction time, and automatic resonance conditions; the frequency sweep curve includes an excitation frequency sweep curve and an excitation intensity curve, the excitation frequency sweep curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation frequency and time during the frequency sweep process, and the excitation intensity curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation intensity and time during the frequency sweep process; automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam based on the frequency sweep curve, and a real-time beam extraction structure is monitored through a feedback system, and the excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform;

[0151] Using the electrostatic deflection plate, applying different potentials to the anode wire and the high-voltage electrode to generate an electric field, thereby deflecting and extracting the particle beam;

[0152] The extraction cutting magnet is used to generate a magnetic field to further deflect and extract the particle beam.

[0153] On the other hand, the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which is implemented when the computer program is executed by a processor to execute the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method provided by the above methods, and the method is applied to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system, the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system comprising a sextupole magnet, an octupole magnet, an exciter, a feedback system and an extraction element; the extraction element comprises an electrostatic deflection plate and an extraction cutting magnet, the electrostatic deflection plate comprises an anode wire, a high-voltage electrode, a grounded metal shell and an insulating column; the method comprises:

[0154] Using the sextupole magnet, driving the beam phase space in the synchrotron to form a specific triangular phase space stable region; determining the extraction boundary orbit based on the boundary of the phase space stable region;

[0155] By using the octupole magnet, a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency is established in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the beam phase space; wherein the strength of the octupole magnet depends on the ratio of the difference between the initial transverse oscillation frequency of the particle and the induced transverse oscillation frequency, and the difference between the initial phase space position of the particle and the induced phase space position; the polarity of the octupole magnet depends on the magnitude relationship between the initial particle transverse oscillation frequency and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the third-order resonance line;

[0156] The exciter is used to perform a single unidirectional excitation frequency sweep within a preset frequency sweep rate range on particles in a synchrotron that already have obvious nonlinear characteristics; a frequency sweep curve is determined based on beam parameters, extraction time, and automatic resonance conditions; the frequency sweep curve includes an excitation frequency sweep curve and an excitation intensity curve, the excitation frequency sweep curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation frequency and time during the frequency sweep process, and the excitation intensity curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation intensity and time during the frequency sweep process; automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam based on the frequency sweep curve, and a real-time beam extraction structure is monitored through a feedback system, and the excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform;

[0157] Using the electrostatic deflection plate, applying different potentials to the anode wire and the high-voltage electrode to generate an electric field, thereby deflecting and extracting the particle beam;

[0158] The extraction cutting magnet is used to generate a magnetic field to further deflect and extract the particle beam.

[0159] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, or other components may implement the functions of the described components, i.e., they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. Ordinary technicians in this field may understand and implement it without creative work.

[0160] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each implementation method can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solution is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a disk, an optical disk, etc., including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments.

[0161] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system, characterized in that: The synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system comprises a sextupole magnet, an octupole magnet, an exciter and a feedback system; wherein, The octupole magnet is used to construct a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the beam phase space; wherein the strength of the octupole magnet depends on the ratio of the difference between the initial transverse oscillation frequency of the particle and the induced transverse oscillation frequency to the difference between the initial phase space position of the particle and the induced phase space position; the polarity of the octupole magnet depends on the magnitude relationship between the initial particle transverse oscillation frequency and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the third-order resonance line; The exciter is used to perform a single unidirectional excitation sweep within a preset sweep rate range on particles in the synchrotron that already have obvious nonlinear characteristics; Determine a frequency sweep curve based on beam parameters, extraction time and automatic resonance conditions; the frequency sweep curve includes an excitation frequency sweep curve and an excitation intensity curve, the excitation frequency sweep curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation frequency and time during the frequency sweep process, and the excitation intensity curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation intensity and time during the frequency sweep process; Automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam based on the frequency sweep curve, and the real-time beam extraction structure is monitored through a feedback system, and the excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform.

2. The synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exciter is specifically used for: Based on the frequency sweep curve, automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam, so that the particle beam in the synchrotron accelerator automatically resonates when excited by the exciter, the particle transverse oscillation frequency is frequency-locked with the excitation sweep frequency of the exciter, and the resonance is continuously performed during the entire frequency sweep process, the transverse amplitude of the entire particle bunch is increased as a whole, and finally the particle beam is driven into the electrostatic deflection plate field area and is led out along the lead-out boundary track; Determining an excitation intensity threshold for automatic resonance based on the resonance intensity of the sextupole field formed by the sextupole magnet, the Beta function value at the excitation point, and the sweep rate during the excitation sweep process; The real-time beam extraction structure detects and obtains the magnitude of the excitation intensity through the feedback system; the excitation intensity is greater than or equal to the excitation intensity threshold for the occurrence of automatic resonance.

3. The synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The octupole magnet is located at a target point in the synchrotron. When drawn out in the horizontal direction, the horizontal Beta function value of the target point is much larger than the value of the vertical Beta function value on the longitudinal coordinate; when drawn out in the vertical direction, the vertical Beta function value of the target point is much larger than the value of the horizontal Beta function value on the longitudinal coordinate, so as to obtain a better nonlinear effect.

4. The synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feedback system may be any form of beam current intensity diagnostic element; the sextupole magnet is specifically used for: Driving the beam phase space in the synchrotron to form a specific triangular phase space stable region; determining the extraction boundary orbit based on the boundary of the phase space stable region; The feedback system is used to monitor the intensity information of the real-time extracted beam, analyze the intensity information of the real-time extracted beam, and obtain feedback; The feedback is applied to the exciter so that the exciter can adjust the excitation intensity to make the beam extraction structure more uniform.

5. The synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system also includes an extraction element, the extraction element includes an electrostatic deflection plate and an extraction cutting magnet, the electrostatic deflection plate includes an anode wire, a high-voltage electrode, a grounded metal shell and an insulating column; The electrostatic deflection plate is used to generate an electric field by applying different potentials to the anode wire and the high-voltage electrode, thereby deflecting and extracting the particle beam; The extraction cutting magnet is used to generate a magnetic field to further deflect and extract the particle beam.

6. The synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The structure of the synchrotron accelerator is a symmetrical structure with a hexagonal layout, and the synchrotron accelerator includes six dipole magnets and twelve quadrupole magnets.

7. A synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method, characterized in that: The invention is applied to a synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system, wherein the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction system comprises a sextupole magnet, an octupole magnet, an exciter, a feedback system and an extraction element; the extraction element comprises an electrostatic deflection plate and an extraction cutting magnet, and the electrostatic deflection plate comprises an anode wire, a high-voltage electrode, a grounded metal shell and an insulating column; the method comprises: Using the sextupole magnet, driving the beam phase space in the synchrotron to form a specific triangular phase space stable region; determining the extraction boundary orbit based on the boundary of the phase space stable region; By using the octupole magnet, a proportional relationship between the particle transverse oscillation amplitude and the transverse oscillation frequency is established in the beam phase space, so that the particle has obvious nonlinear characteristics in the beam phase space; wherein the strength of the octupole magnet depends on the ratio of the difference between the initial transverse oscillation frequency of the particle and the induced transverse oscillation frequency, and the difference between the initial phase space position of the particle and the induced phase space position; the polarity of the octupole magnet depends on the magnitude relationship between the initial particle transverse oscillation frequency and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the third-order resonance line; The exciter is used to perform a single unidirectional excitation frequency sweep within a preset frequency sweep rate range on particles in a synchrotron that already have obvious nonlinear characteristics; a frequency sweep curve is determined based on beam parameters, extraction time, and automatic resonance conditions; the frequency sweep curve includes an excitation frequency sweep curve and an excitation intensity curve, the excitation frequency sweep curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation frequency and time during the frequency sweep process, and the excitation intensity curve is used to describe the relationship between the excitation intensity and time during the frequency sweep process; automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam based on the frequency sweep curve, and a real-time beam extraction structure is monitored through a feedback system, and the excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform; Using the electrostatic deflection plate, applying different potentials to the anode wire and the high-voltage electrode to generate an electric field, thereby deflecting and extracting the particle beam; The extraction cutting magnet is used to generate a magnetic field to further deflect and extract the particle beam.

8. The synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method according to claim 7, wherein the automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam based on the frequency sweep curve, and the real-time beam extraction structure is monitored by a feedback system, and the excitation intensity curve is adjusted in real time based on the real-time beam extraction structure to make the extraction structure more uniform, comprising: Based on the frequency sweep curve, automatic resonance excitation is applied to the particle beam, so that the particle beam in the synchrotron accelerator automatically resonates when excited by the exciter, the particle transverse oscillation frequency is frequency-locked with the excitation sweep frequency of the exciter, and the resonance is continuously performed during the entire frequency sweep process, the transverse amplitude of the entire particle bunch is increased as a whole, and finally the particle beam is driven into the electrostatic deflection plate field area and is led out along the lead-out boundary track; Determining an excitation intensity threshold for automatic resonance based on the resonance intensity of the sextupole field formed by the sextupole magnet, the Beta function value at the excitation point, and the sweep rate during the excitation sweep process; The real-time beam extraction structure detects and obtains the magnitude of the excitation intensity through the feedback system; the excitation intensity is greater than or equal to the excitation intensity threshold for the occurrence of automatic resonance.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method according to any one of claims 7 to 8 is implemented.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the synchrotron automatic resonance fast and slow extraction method according to any one of claims 7 to 8 is implemented.

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