A film covering mechanism for a film covering rice transplanter capable of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth

Abstract

The present invention discloses a film covering mechanism for a mulching rice transplanter capable of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth, comprising a rice transplanter body, a film covering mechanism for covering the rice transplanter body mounted below a rice transplanter crossbeam at the rear of the rice transplanter body, the film covering mechanism comprising a film covering frame with adjustable height above the ground, a film pressing mechanism disposed behind the film covering frame, the film pressing mechanism comprising a floating rod mounted on the bottom of a fixed beam at the rear of the rice transplanter crossbeam via a mounting mechanism, the floating rod being connected to a base plate via a film pressing roller bracket, the front end of the base plate being movably connected to a film pressing roller via a connecting frame, the middle portion of the base plate being connected to a hydraulic system switch of a hydraulic profiling system on the rice transplanter body via a pull rope assembly. The present invention has a reasonable structural design, can well perform the film covering and pressing functions during mulching and transplanting operations, and can also replace a floating plate to connect to the hydraulic profiling system of the rice transplanter, so that the present invention has the function of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth, reduces manpower and working time, and improves the efficiency of mulching and transplanting operations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of film-covered rice transplanters, in particular to a film-covered rice transplanter mechanism capable of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth. Background Art

[0002] To effectively suppress weed growth during rice plant development and improve rice yield and quality per unit area, the current agronomic method involves laying biodegradable film in paddy fields before transplanting rice seedlings, then drilling holes in the film and transplanting the rice seedlings. To improve the efficiency and quality of rice film mulching, a machine equipped with a film-hanging and film-pressing mechanism has been developed, integrating both film mulching and transplanting operations.

[0003] However, the existing mulching rice transplanters are not fully functional and have a low degree of automation. Human labor is still required to follow the machine to work, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive when working in large fields. As we all know, rice fields are muddy paddy fields with uneven heights and depths. The function of the float is to float up and down with the changes in the height of the field when the rice transplanter is working, and then feedback is sent to the hydraulic profiling system through the sensitive line, so that the hydraulic profiling system controls the planting platform to move up and down with the changes in the height of the field, thereby maintaining a certain planting depth.

[0004] However, the existing film-covered rice transplanter lacks a mechanism for adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth. The installation of the film-covering mechanism conflicts with the position of the floating plate on the original rice transplanter, and the position where the floating plate is installed is prone to damaging the laid film. Therefore, during use, the floating plate and the film-covering mechanism are two structures that interfere with each other, forcing the floating plate to be removed or repositioned, and the function and position of the floating plate are extremely important.

[0005] If the floating plate is directly removed, the floating plate will no longer function, and the consistency of the transplanting depth cannot be guaranteed, which will affect the growth of the seedlings in the later stage. If the depth is too shallow, there will be many ears but small ears and no resistance to lodging. If the depth is too deep, there will be few ears and no high yield.

[0006] There are few cases where the position of the float is changed, such as moving it to both sides. In theory, the function of the float is retained, but in actual use, the control switch of the hydraulic profiling system of the transplanter body is located in the middle. If it is connected from the side, on the one hand, it cannot be sensitively sensed. On the other hand, due to the instability of the transplanter during operation, the side floating is relatively large and cannot be accurately sensed, so it is impossible to accurately feedback the situation where the terrain is too high in a certain place, resulting in excessive pressure, and the terrain is too low in a certain place, resulting in too little pressure. The transplanting depth cannot be accurately adjusted. Therefore, the connection position of the float and the sensitive line is also extremely important. It is difficult to restore the original function after the position is changed.

[0007] Currently, no effective solutions have been proposed for the problems in related technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, provide a film covering mechanism for a film covering rice transplanter that can adaptively adjust the transplanting depth, and solve various problems existing in the prior art.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] The mulching mechanism of a mulching rice transplanter capable of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth comprises a rice transplanter body, the rear of the rice transplanter body is connected to a rice transplanter crossbeam through a connecting mechanism, a film hanging mechanism for hanging film is installed below the rice transplanter crossbeam, the film hanging mechanism comprises a film hanging frame with adjustable height from the ground, a film pressing mechanism is arranged behind the film hanging frame, the film pressing mechanism comprises a film pressing roller arranged in parallel with the film hanging frame, a fixed beam arranged in parallel is arranged below the rice transplanting box behind the rice transplanter crossbeam, a floating rod is installed at the bottom of the fixed beam through an installing mechanism, the floating rod is connected to a bottom plate through a film pressing roller bracket, the front end of the bottom plate is movably connected to the film pressing roller through a connecting frame, and the middle part of the bottom plate is connected to the hydraulic system switch of the hydraulic profiling system on the rice transplanter body through a pull rope assembly.

[0011] The tops of both ends of the transplanter beam are symmetrically connected with square tubes, the bottoms of the square tubes are provided with film hanging rack frames, the outer sides of the film hanging rack frames are installed with plywood, the inner sides of the plywood are fixedly connected with clamping blocks, the clamping blocks are frustum-shaped and narrow in front and wide in the back, the outer sides of the plywood are fixedly connected with plywood handles, film hanging racks are fixedly connected between the film hanging rack frames, and the height of the film hanging racks is adjusted by an adjustment mechanism between the film hanging rack frames and the square tubes.

[0012] The adjusting mechanism includes a screw, which is threadedly connected to the square tube through a screw sleeve, and a handle is fixedly connected to the top of the screw, and the bottom of the screw passes through the film hanging frame and is threadedly connected to the screw sleeve installed in the film hanging frame. The screw sleeve is fixedly connected to the film hanging frame, and the top of the film hanging frame is symmetrically connected to a limit plate, and the top of the limit plate passes through the square tube.

[0013] The film hanging rack is a cylindrical structure with an opening and a semicircular cross-section. A film pressing block is installed above the inner end of the film hanging rack. The top of the film pressing block is connected to a pulling wire mechanism. The pulling wire mechanism passes through the film hanging rack and is fixedly connected to the rice transplanter body.

[0014] The mounting mechanism includes a mounting plate, and the floating rod is provided with a mounting plate for installing fixed intervals. The top of the mounting plate is provided with a circular hole. One side of the transplanting box is fixedly connected with a mounting rod, and the mounting rod matches the circular hole on the mounting plate. The end of the mounting rod is provided with a limit bolt.

[0015] The float rod is connected to a plurality of film pressing roller brackets arranged at intervals, and the bottoms of the film pressing roller brackets are respectively connected to independent bottom plates through movable shafts, and the front ends of the bottom plates are movably connected to the film pressing rollers through connecting frames, and the connecting frames on the outer sides of adjacent film pressing rollers are fixedly connected to each other, and the middle two sides of the bottom plate are symmetrically connected to the film pressing auxiliary rollers through movable axes, and a number of auxiliary springs are respectively installed between each bottom plate and the transplanter crossbeam; the pull rope assembly includes an L-shaped rod fixed vertically on the middle upper end face of the bottom plate, and a wire puller is installed on the top of the L-shaped rod, and the wire puller is connected to the hydraulic system switch of the hydraulic profiling system on the transplanter body through a sensitive line, and a connecting block is fixedly connected to the middle surface of the float rod, which is staggered in space from the L-shaped rod, and the connecting block is connected to the manual adjustment mechanism of the transplanting depth on the transplanter body.

[0016] The cam is secured to the rear of the machine and has a camming handle which is secured to the machine base and has a camming handle which is secured to the machine base on one side of the machine and has a camming handle which is secured to the machine base on the other side of the machine.

[0017] One end of the film cutting knife frame is connected to the film cutting knife through the connecting plate 1, the top of the connecting plate 1 is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 1, the top of the fixing sleeve is fixedly connected to the angle bracket 2, one side of the angle bracket 2 is connected to an electric telescopic rod, the output end of the electric telescopic rod is connected to a push plate, one side of the push plate is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 2, the bottom of the connecting sleeve 2 is fixedly connected to the splint, a connecting shaft 1 is provided between the connecting sleeve 1 and the connecting sleeve 2, a limiting strip is provided on the connecting shaft 1, one side of the fixing plate 1 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 2, one side of the connecting plate 2 is fixedly connected to the welding plate, the top of the welding plate is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 3, one side of the film cutting knife frame is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft 2, and the connecting shaft 2 is inserted into the connecting sleeve 3, and the actions of the electric telescopic rod and the air compressor are respectively controlled by the controller of the rice transplanter body.

[0018] The film pressing mechanism also includes a pressing mechanism, which includes pressing wheels located on both sides of the film pressing mechanism, and the pressing wheels are connected to the transplanter beam through a floating connection mechanism. The floating connection mechanism includes a second fixed plate, and the bottom of the second fixed plate is connected to a rotating rod through a telescopic mechanism. One end of the rotating rod is connected to the pressing wheel, and the other end of the rotating rod is connected to the second arc plate. The top of the second arc plate is connected to a U-shaped frame through a movable shaft, and the U-shaped frame is connected to the welding plate.

[0019] The telescopic mechanism includes a movable rod, the bottom of which is connected to the rotating rod, the top of which passes through the second fixed plate and is fixedly connected with a stopper, and a spring is wound around the surface of the movable rod.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) By arranging a rice transplanter body, a rice transplanter crossbeam, a square tube, a floating rod, a film pressing roller bracket, a bottom plate, a film pressing roller, a film pressing auxiliary roller, an auxiliary spring, an L-shaped rod, and a sensitive line, the film pressing roller and the film pressing auxiliary roller can replace the floating plate and be connected to the sensitive line on the rice transplanter body, so that the film pressing roller can float up and down to transmit a signal to the hydraulic profiling system of the rice transplanter, so that the rice transplanter can adaptively adjust the height of the planting platform according to the height of the ground during operation to always maintain a certain planting depth, and the film pressing roller floats up and down following the field terrain;

[0022] Therefore, the pressure of the film pressing roller on the degradable film can also be maintained within a certain range, and the pressure will not be too high due to the high terrain at a certain place during operation, nor will the pressure be too low due to the low terrain at a certain place. In this way, the film pressing mechanism composed of the film pressing roller, the film pressing auxiliary roller, the bottom plate and the auxiliary spring can not only complete the function of laying and pressing the film during the film covering and transplanting operation, but also can replace the floating plate and connect with the hydraulic profiling system of the transplanter, so that it has the function of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth, and the position of the sensitive line of the wire pulling assembly is in the middle, which ensures that the position signal of the film pressing roller can be accurately and sensitively fed back to the hydraulic profiling system of the transplanter during the actual working process.

[0023] (2) By arranging square tubes, film hanging frame, plywood, pressing blocks, film hanging frame, fixed plate, support frame, angle frame 1, pneumatic telescopic rod, arc plate 1, fixed sleeve, film cutting knife frame, connecting plate 1, film cutting knife, connecting sleeve 1, angle frame 2, electric telescopic rod, push plate, connecting sleeve 2, splint, connecting shaft 1, limit strip, connecting plate 2, welding plate, connecting sleeve 3, connecting shaft 2, the film cutting knife can be quickly lowered and lifted up under the action of the pneumatic telescopic rod. After the film cutting knife completes the film cutting operation, the splint is rotated by the electric telescopic push rod and drives the film to contact the surface of the film cutting knife, thereby clamping the film, and the pneumatic telescopic rod is used to lift the film cutting knife frame, thereby clamping and lifting the film to prevent the bottom of the film from excessively contacting the mud surface when the rice transplanter moves to the next work location, causing dragging or damage.

[0024] After the rice transplanter reaches the next stage of work, the pneumatic telescopic rod is used to lower the film cutting knife holder. At this time, the film cutting knife and the splint fall with the film and press the end of the film into the mud. The electric telescopic rod is started to make the splint rotate to loosen the film, and then a new film covering and transplanting operation can be started. This mechanism replaces the film cutting and pressing of the film into the mud that originally required manual operation with a machine, reducing manpower and working time, and improving the efficiency of film covering and transplanting operations.

[0025] (3) By setting the film hanging frame, plywood, pressing block, film hanging frame and adjustment mechanism, the outer side of the film hanging frame is semicircular, which can push down the higher mud blocks in advance when the transplanter is working to achieve a pre-leveling effect, which is convenient for subsequent film laying and transplanting operations, and the height of the film hanging frame can be appropriately adjusted according to different plots through the adjustment mechanism.

[0026] (4) By setting up a pressing mechanism and a telescopic mechanism, the pressing mechanism can press the two sides of the degradable film into the mud to prevent the side wind from blowing up the laid film, and the telescopic mechanism can make the pressing wheel float up and down with the changes in the field terrain to avoid the situation where the pressing wheel pressure is too high to damage the degradable film and the pressure is too low to press the film into the mud. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a film pressing roller, a film cutting knife, and a film hanging rack in a film covering mechanism of a film covering rice transplanter capable of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the rice transplanting box, the planting arm and the transplanting mechanism in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connection between the L-shaped rod and the sensitive line in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the film pressing roller in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the film cutting knife holder in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the edge pressing mechanism in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the film hanging rack in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the wire puller in the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals:

[0037] 1. Transplanter body; 2. Transplanter crossbeam; 3. Square tube; 4. Film hanging rack frame; 5. Plywood; 6. Pressing block; 7. Film hanging rack; 8. Fixed plate 1; 9. Support frame; 10. Angle bracket 1; 11. Pneumatic telescopic rod; 12. Curved plate 1; 13. Fixed sleeve; 14. Film cutting knife rack; 15. Connecting plate 1; 16. Film cutting knife; 17. Connecting sleeve 1; 18. Angle bracket 2; 19. Electric telescopic rod; 20. Push plate; 21. Connecting sleeve 2; 22. Clamping plate; 23. Connecting shaft 1; 24. Limiting strip; 25. Connecting plate 2; 26. Welding plate; 27. Connecting sleeve 3; 28. Connecting shaft 2; 29. ​​Fixed beam 30. Planting arm; 31. Floating rod; 32. Laminating roller bracket; 33. Bottom plate; 34. Laminating roller; 35. Auxiliary laminating roller; 36. Auxiliary spring; 37. L-shaped rod; 38. Wire puller; 39. Screw; 40. Handle; 41. Limit plate; 42. Fixed plate 2; 43. Rotating rod; 44. Pressing wheel; 45. Arc plate 2; 46. U-shaped frame; 47. Movable rod; 48. Stopper; 49. Spring; 50. Connecting block; 51. Air compressor; 52. Laminating block; 53. Wire pulling mechanism; 54. Controller; 55. Clamping handle; 56. Mounting plate; 57. Mounting rod; 58. Manual adjustment mechanism for transplanting depth.

[0038] 381. Large connecting frame; 382. Movable shaft; 383. Sensitive line; 384. Pull wire; 385. Small connecting frame; 386. Pull wire. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Embodiment 1 of the present invention:

[0041] See also Figure 1-9 A film-covering mechanism for a film-covering transplanter capable of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth comprises a transplanter body 1, a transplanter crossbeam 2 being connected to the rear of the transplanter body 1 through a connecting mechanism, three transplanting boxes being evenly installed on one side of the transplanter crossbeam 2, planting arms 30 being installed on both sides of the transplanting boxes, and a transplanting mechanism being installed on each of the planting arms 30, a floating rod 31 being installed on the fixed beam 29 at the bottom of the transplanting box through a mounting mechanism, three pairs of film-pressing roller brackets 32 being evenly connected to the floating rod 31, the bottoms of the film-pressing roller brackets 32 being connected to a bottom plate 33 through a movable shaft, and one end of the bottom plate 33 being movable through a connecting frame A film pressing roller 34 is connected, and the connecting frames outside the three film pressing rollers 34 are fixedly connected. The middle part of the bottom plate 33 is symmetrically connected to the film pressing auxiliary roller 35 through a movable axis. A number of auxiliary springs 36 are installed between the bottom plate 33 and the transplanter crossbeam 2. The middle part of the bottom plate 33 feeds back signals to the hydraulic profiling system on the transplanter body 1 through a pull rope assembly. The pull rope assembly includes an L-shaped rod 37 fixed to the upper end face of the middle part of the bottom plate (33) and vertically arranged. A wire puller 38 is installed on the top of the L-shaped rod 37. The wire puller 38 is connected to the hydraulic system switch of the hydraulic profiling system on the transplanter body 1 through a sensitive line.

[0042] Furthermore, the top of the transplanter beam 2 is symmetrically connected with a square tube 3, the bottom of the square tube 3 is provided with a film hanging frame 4, the outer side of the film hanging frame 4 is installed with a plywood 5, the inner side of the plywood 5 is fixedly connected with a pressing block 6, and a film hanging frame 7 is fixedly connected between the film hanging frame 4, and an adjustment mechanism is provided between the film hanging frame 4 and the square tube 3;

[0043] The wire puller 38 includes a large connecting frame 381, a movable shaft 382, ​​a sensitive wire 383, a wire pull 384 and a small connecting frame 385. The sensitive wire 383 has a wire pull 386 inside. The bottom of the wire pull 386 passes through the large connecting frame 381 and is fixedly connected to the small connecting frame 385. The large connecting frame 381 and the small connecting frame 385 are similar in shape, with slide rails on both sides. The two ends of the movable shaft 382 are connected to the transplanter beam through a U-shaped frame; the bottom plate drives the slide rail distance on the large connecting frame 381, and the movable shaft 383 first contacts the bottom of the slide rail on the small connecting frame 385. At this time, the large connecting frame 381 also moves upward with the bottom plate 33 , which causes the pull wire 384 in the sensitive line 383 to be pulled until the pull wire 384 controls the hydraulic system to stop the movement of the rice planting platform. When a higher mud surface is encountered during operation, the large connecting frame 381 continues to move upward with the base plate 33, and the pull wire 384 controls the hydraulic system to move the rice planting platform upward. Conversely, when a lower mud surface is encountered, the large connecting frame 381 moves downward with the base plate 33, and the pull wire 384 controls the hydraulic system to move the rice planting platform downward, so that a certain rice planting depth can be maintained regardless of whether the mud surface is high or low during operation; (the structure of the wire puller here only needs to be connected and fixed with the base plate and the sensitive line, and the structure can also be other structures).

[0044] The top of the square tube 3 is fixedly connected to a fixed plate 8, the top of the fixed plate 8 is fixedly connected to a support frame 9, one side of the support frame 9 is fixedly connected to an angle frame 10, one side of the angle frame 10 is connected to a pneumatic telescopic rod 11 through a movable shaft, the output end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 11 is connected to an arc plate 12 through a movable shaft, one side of the arc plate 12 is fixedly connected to a fixed sleeve 13, the interior of the fixed sleeve 13 is slidably connected to a film cutting knife holder 14, and one end of the film cutting knife holder 14 is connected to the film cutting knife holder 14 through a plurality of connecting plates 15. It is connected to a film cutting knife 16, and the top of the connecting plate 15 is fixedly connected to a connecting sleeve 17. The top of the fixed sleeve 13 is fixedly connected to an angle bracket 2 18, and one side of the angle bracket 2 18 is connected to an electric telescopic rod 19. The output end of the electric telescopic rod 19 is connected to a push plate 20, and one side of the push plate 20 is fixedly connected to a connecting sleeve 21. The bottom of the connecting sleeve 21 is fixedly connected to a splint 22. A connecting shaft 23 is provided between the connecting sleeve 17 and the connecting sleeve 21, and a limit strip 24 is provided on the connecting shaft 23.

[0045] One side of the fixed plate 1 8 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 2 25, one side of the connecting plate 25 is fixedly connected to the welding plate 26, the top of the welding plate 26 is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 3 27, one side of the film cutting tool holder 14 is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft 2 28, the connecting shaft 28 is inserted into the connecting sleeve 3 27, and one side of the welding plate 26 is fixedly connected to the edge pressing mechanism.

[0046] In the structure, the film pressing roller bracket 32 ​​is connected to the bottom plate 33 by a movable shaft, which can swing up and down as the field terrain changes during operation. This swinging form is similar to the swinging form of the original floating plate on the rice transplanter, and the film pressing roller 34 is made of nylon with an internal hollow structure and is light in weight. An auxiliary spring is provided on the bottom plate 33 to increase the resilience of the film pressing roller 34, so that it can swing as sensitively as a floating plate to follow the terrain changes. The L-shaped rod 37 of the film pressing roller 34 is connected to the hydraulic profiling system of the rice transplanter floating plate. The film pressing roller group contacts the field mud and generates force to make the film pressing roller 34 swing up and down like a floating plate, so that the L-shaped rod 37 also moves up and down with the film pressing roller 34 , thereby driving the expansion and contraction of the sensitive line, and then the hydraulic profiling system controls the lifting and lowering of the entire planting platform according to the expansion and contraction of the wire assembly, and an auxiliary spring 36 is installed between the film pressing roller 34 and the transplanter beam 2, so that the initial position of the wire assembly is closer to the initial position of the original floating plate sensing line, making its lifting and falling actions more sensitive, so that the film pressing roller 34 can not only perform film pressing and laying operations, but also replace the floating plate to ensure the transplanting depth during work, so that it has the function of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth, and the position of the sensitive line of its wire assembly is in the middle, which ensures that the position signal of the film pressing roller can be accurately and sensitively fed back to the hydraulic profiling system of the transplanter during actual work.

[0047] The bottom of the above-mentioned film cutting knife 16 is composed of several triangular blade teeth. The tooth tips are sharp and the contact surface with the film is small, which makes it easy to puncture the film. When working, the pneumatic telescopic rod 11 is started to make the film cutting knife holder 14 and the film cutting knife 16 fall downward. The film cutting knife 16 is subjected to the thrust of the pneumatic telescopic rod 11 and its own gravity. The falling speed is fast and the force is large, which can cut the film well. The splint 22 is set on the inner side of the film cutting knife 16, and the bottom of the splint 22 is close to the bottom position of the film cutting knife 16 when it is in the normal position. Starting the electric telescopic rod 19 makes the splint 22 rotate toward the position of the film cutting knife 16, and can bring the film up and contact the inner side of the film cutting knife 16 The sides are attached to each other, thereby clamping the film between the splint 22 and the film cutting knife 16, avoiding excessive contact between the bottom of the film and the mud surface when the transplanter moves to the next work site, resulting in dragging or damage. After the transplanter arrives at the next stage work site, the pneumatic telescopic rod is used to drop the film cutting knife holder. At this time, the film cutting knife and the splint fall with the film and press the end of the film into the mud. The electric telescopic rod is started to make the splint rotate to loosen the film, and a new film covering and transplanting operation can be started. This mechanism replaces the film cutting and pressing the film into the mud that originally required manual operation with a machine, reducing manpower and working time, and improving the efficiency of the film covering and transplanting operation.

[0048] Example 2:

[0049] The adjusting mechanism includes a screw 39, which is threadedly connected to a screw sleeve in the square tube 3. The top of the screw 39 is fixedly connected to a handle 40. The bottom of the screw 39 passes through the film hanging frame 4 and is threadedly connected to the screw sleeve installed in the film hanging frame 4. The screw sleeve is fixedly connected to the film hanging frame 4. The top of the film hanging frame 4 is symmetrically connected to a limit plate 41, and the top of the limit plate 41 passes through the square tube 3; the edge pressing mechanism includes a fixed plate 242, the bottom of the fixed plate 242 is connected to a rotating rod 43 through a telescopic mechanism, one end of the rotating rod 43 is connected to a pressing wheel 44, the other end of the rotating rod 43 is connected to an arc plate 245, the top of the arc plate 245 is connected to a U-shaped frame 46 through a movable shaft, and the U-shaped frame 46 is connected to the welding plate 26. The telescopic mechanism includes a movable rod 47, the bottom of the movable rod 47 is connected to the rotating rod 43, the top of the movable rod 47 passes through the fixed plate 242, and is fixedly connected to a block 48. The surface of the movable rod 47 is wrapped with a spring 49.

[0050] The surface of the float rod 31 is fixedly connected with a connecting block 50, which is connected to the manual adjustment mechanism of the transplanting depth on the transplanter body 1. Due to different regions, the field environment is different and the planting conditions are different. Some fields have hard mud and some fields have soft mud. In some places, the transplanting depth of rice is 2mm, and in some places, the transplanting depth of rice is 3mm. Therefore, before work, it is necessary to determine the transplanting depth according to the situation in the field. This transplanting depth is manually adjusted by the manual adjustment mechanism. In fact, the manual adjustment of the transplanting depth adjustment mechanism , which is to change the distance between the film pressing mechanism and the mud surface. The closer the film pressing mechanism is to the mud surface, the earlier the film pressing mechanism will contact the mud surface and lift up, so it will transmit signals to the hydraulic system earlier to control the planting platform, thereby controlling the entire planting depth. For example, during the test, it is determined that the planting depth of this planting work is 2mm, so before the planting work, the planting depth is adjusted to 2mm through the manual adjustment handle of the planting depth. Then, during work, this adaptive adjustment of the planting depth means that no matter whether the mud surface is high or low, the transplanter can always maintain a planting depth of 2mm for work.

[0051] An air compressor 51 is installed on the transplanter body 1, and the air compressor 51 is connected to the pneumatic telescopic rod 11 through a number of air pipes. A film pressing block 52 for tightening the film roll is installed inside the film hanging frame 7. The top of the film pressing block 52 is connected to a pull wire mechanism 53, which passes through the film hanging frame 7 and is fixedly connected to the transplanter body 1. Normally, the film pressing block 52 is located at the top of the film hanging frame. Only after a section of transplanting work is completed, the film pressing block needs to be lowered to press the film roll to avoid cutting and clamping the film. During operation, the film on the covering roll is pulled, and the electric telescopic rod 19 and the air compressor 51 are respectively connected to the controller 54. The outer side of the plywood 5 is fixedly connected to the plywood handle 55. The mounting mechanism includes a mounting plate 56. Three mounting plates 56 are installed on the surface of the floating rod 31. The top of the mounting plate 56 is provided with a circular hole. One side of the transplanting box is fixedly connected with a mounting rod 57. The mounting rod 57 matches the circular hole on the mounting plate 56. The end of the mounting rod 57 is provided with a limit bolt.

[0052] The existing biodegradable films are all wrapped around plastic cylinders or paper cylinders. The pressing block 6 of this mechanism is a frustum that is narrow in front and wide in the back. When working, the plywood 5 is opened through the plywood handle 55 and the plastic cylinder wrapped with the biodegradable film is placed into the film hanging rack 7, and the plastic cylinder is clamped by the pressing blocks 6 on both sides. The specific process of loading the film roll is as follows: first put the film roll (film roll: the inside is a hollow plastic tube or a hollow paper tube as a support, and the outside is wrapped with film) into the film hanging rack, and then insert one end of the hollow plastic tube inside the film roll into the pressing block on one side, and then cover the plywood on this side tightly through the plywood handle. Since there is an opening on the back side of the film hanging rack, align the hollow plastic tube of the film roll at the other end with the pressing block on the other side through the opening, and then close the plywood to complete the installation of the film roll and take it out The film roll can be taken out by opening one side of the plywood through the plywood handle on one side. The pressing block is a cone-shaped block that is narrow in front and wide in the back, and the strength of the hollow plastic tube of the film roll is not very high, so the pressing block can be separated from the hollow plastic tube by pulling the plywood handle outward with a little force. Moreover, since the pressing block can be removed from the inside of the plywood, the pressing block is a cone-shaped block that is narrow in front and wide in the back, which can meet the requirements of film rolls with different hollow plastic tube diameters within a certain range. For film rolls of different lengths, the pressing block can be replaced as needed, or the pressing block and the plywood adopt a split structure, and a rotating shaft is screwed on the plywood. The end of the rotating shaft is fixed to the pressing block, and the requirements of film rolls of different lengths can be met within a certain range by rotating the relative position of the rotating shaft and the plywood.

[0053] Afterwards, the film hanging rack 7 can be adjusted up and down by rotating the handle 40 to adjust the upper and lower heights of the degradation film to prevent the degradation film from touching the ground and insufficient space, and the surface of the film hanging rack 7 is semicircular, which can first smooth the mud field before film covering and transplanting operations, thereby improving the quality of film covering and punching and transplanting operations. The edge pressing mechanism is used to press the edge of the degradation film covered by the film pressing roller 34 into the soil to ensure that the film edge is sealed intact and to prevent strong winds from blowing in and lifting the laid degradation film. The edge pressing wheel 44 adopts an inward convex structure, which can enable the edge pressing wheel 44 to have the function of pressing downward and stretching the degradation film to both sides, thereby increasing the light-collecting area of ​​the degradation film and facilitating the growth of the seedlings.

[0054] In actual application, first put the 1.8m wide degradable film into the film hanging rack 7, and clamp the plastic tube wrapped with the degradable film by the compression blocks 6 on both sides. Before the machine goes to the field, pull out a part of the degradable film and drag it between the clamping plate 22 and the film cutting knife 16. Then control the electric telescopic rod 19 to retract. At this time, the clamping plate 22 rotates toward the film cutting knife 16 and is in close contact with the film cutting knife 16, thereby clamping the degradable film. Then, the rice seedlings are placed on the rice seedling box, and the film covering transplanter is driven to the field.

[0055] Turn on the hydraulic system of the rice transplanter and drop the rice seedling box. At this time, the splint 22 on the inner side of the film cutting knife 16 presses the starting part of the film into the mud, and then controls the electric telescopic rod 19 to extend. At this time, the splint 22 rotates toward the direction of the rice transplanter body 1, so that the splint 22 no longer contacts the film cutting knife 16 and the film is no longer clamped. Since the hydraulic system is turned on, the entire rice planting platform will move downward until the film pressing roller 34 contacts the mud surface and is subjected to the upward force brought by the mud, causing the film pressing roller 34 to swing upward. At the same time, the L-shaped rod 37 also moves upward, and then the floating plate induction line pulls the switch of the hydraulic system to the stop state, and the rice planting platform stops moving. At this time, observe the distance between the planting mechanism and the ground to see if it is the appropriate planting depth. If not, you can adjust the manual planting depth adjustment mechanism on the rice transplanter to accurately adjust the planting depth. Prepare for film covering and transplanting. During transplanting, the transplanter moves forward at a steady speed, and the film pressing roller 34 floats up and down with the changes in the terrain. If it encounters a lower terrain, the film pressing roller 34 swings downward, and at this time drives the L-shaped rod 37 to move downward, thereby pulling the sensitive line 38 outward, and then the sensitive line 38 pulls the switch of the hydraulic system to the rising state, and the planting platform is lifted up a little. If it encounters a higher terrain, the film pressing roller 34 swings upward, and at this time drives the L-shaped rod 37 to move upward, thereby pushing the sensitive line 38 inward, and then the sensitive line 38 drives the switch of the hydraulic system to the descending state, and the planting platform drops down a little, so that the transplanter always maintains a suitable planting depth, and the film pressing roller 34 floats up and down with the terrain, which also ensures the quality of the film covering operation;

[0056] When transplanting to the field, the pneumatic telescopic rod 11 is controlled to drop the film cutting knife 34 to cut the degradable film, and the electric telescopic rod 19 is controlled to retract so that the clamping plate 22 rotates toward the film cutting knife 34 and contacts the film cutting knife 34, thereby clamping the degradable film. Then, the film pressing block 52 is lowered by the pulling wire mechanism 53, so that the film pressing block 52 presses the degradable film roller in the film hanging frame, and then the hydraulic system is manually controlled to lift the rice seedling box upward, completing one film covering and transplanting operation. At this time, the bottom of the film is clamped and will not contact the mud, and the film will not be dragged or damaged when the rice transplanter turns to work on the next plot.

[0057] When the rice transplanter arrives at the next working plot, the hydraulic system of the rice transplanter is also manually opened to drop the rice seedling box. The plywood 22 presses the bottom of the film into the mud, and the pulling wire mechanism 53 is pulled to make the film pressing block 52 rise and not contact the degradable film in the film hanging rack 7. The above steps can be repeated to carry out the next round of work. The film cutting and the action of pressing the film into the mud of the machine can be completed by the machine, and manual operation is no longer required, which improves the degree of machine automation, reduces manpower and working time, and is suitable for field operations.

[0058] The machine was tested in the field many times. The test referred to NY / T1552-2007 "Technical Specifications for Quality Evaluation of Film Laying Machines" and "Technical Conditions for Rice Transplanters" to measure the qualified width of the light-collecting surface of the degradable film, the degree of mechanical damage to the light-collecting surface, the floating seedling rate, the one-time film breaking success rate and the one-time film clamping success rate. The test conditions are shown in Table 1.

[0059] Table 1

[0060]

[0061] 1. Qualified rate of lighting surface width;

[0062] On the plot to be measured, five measurement areas were taken at equal distances along the diagonal line. Each measurement area was a square area with a width of 1.6m*1.6m. Five points were randomly selected in each measurement area and the qualified rate of the daylighting surface width was calculated by substituting them into the formula, as shown in Table 2 below. The daylighting surface width was measured. The daylighting surface was qualified if it was within the range of (film width - 300mm) to (film width - 150mm).

[0063] The qualified rate of daylighting surface can be obtained according to the following formula:

[0064]

[0065] Where: S-lighting surface width qualified rate (%);

[0066] N1- qualified points of lighting surface width;

[0067] N2-Total number of measuring points for the width of the lighting surface.

[0068] Table 2

[0069]

[0070] According to the NY / T1552-2007 Technical Specifications for Quality Evaluation of Film Laying Machines, a qualified rate of ≥80% of the light surface width is considered qualified. This machine reached 92%, far exceeding the standard requirements.

[0071] 2. The degree of mechanical damage to the lighting surface;

[0072] On the plot being measured, five measurement areas were taken at equal distances along the diagonal line. Each measurement area was a 1.6m*1.6m square. Within the measurement area, the side length or seam length of each mechanically broken part on the skylight surface was measured. The mechanical damage degree of the skylight surface was calculated by substituting the length into the formula, as shown in Table 3 below.

[0073] The degree of mechanical damage to the lighting surface can be obtained according to the following formula (2):

[0074]

[0075] Where: -Degree of mechanical damage to the lighting surface (mm / m) 2；

[0076] l i -The length of the side or seam of the i-th damaged part in the measurement area (mm);

[0077] L-length of measurement area (m);

[0078] b- Average width of the lighting surface in the measurement area (mm).

[0079] Table 3

[0080]

[0081] According to NY / T1552-2007 Technical Specification for Quality Evaluation of Film Laying Machines, the degree of mechanical damage to the lighting surface is ≤50mm / m -2 It is qualified, and the machine reaches 34.8mm / m -2， Far exceeds standard requirements.

[0082] 3. Floating seedling rate, determination method:

[0083] According to the five-point detection method, 5 points were selected as base points. Within the full transplanting range, a 1-meter-long measurement area was selected to investigate the percentage of floating seedlings in the total number of plants. The floating seedling rate was calculated by substituting it into the formula, as shown in Table 4 below.

[0084] The floating rate can be obtained according to the following formula (3):

[0085]

[0086] Where: S-floating rate (%);

[0087] M S -The number of floating rice seedlings in the measurement area (plants);

[0088] M Z -Total number of seedlings in the measurement area (plants).

[0089] Table 4

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] According to the Technical Requirements for Rice Transplanters, a floating rate of less than 3% is considered qualified. The floating rate of this machine is 2.66%, which fully meets the national standards.

[0093] 4. Success rate of membrane cutting in one time, determination method:

[0094] In order to ensure the film breaking effect under different mud conditions, 5 measurement areas were randomly selected and each measurement area was measured 10 times continuously. The film was successfully broken when the film was completely broken after one drop of the film cutting knife. The floating seedling rate was calculated by the formula as shown in Table 5.

[0095] The average membrane breaking success rate is calculated as follows:

[0096]

[0097] Where: X-number of successful film breaking in each measuring area;

[0098] n-the number of survey areas, take n=5;

[0099] -Average membrane breakage (%).

[0100] Table 5

[0101]

[0102] Supplementary results: There is no standard specification for the success rate of one-time film cutting in the industry, but a 94% one-time film cutting rate can significantly improve the operating efficiency of the film-covered rice transplanter and reduce the labor intensity of farmers.

[0103] 5. One-time success rate of the film, determination method:

[0104] To ensure the clamping effect under different mud conditions, 5 measurement areas were randomly selected and each measurement area was measured 10 times continuously. The film clamping was successful when the width of the film clamped by the clamping plate and the film cutting knife exceeded 70% of the total film width, and the film did not contact the mud surface after lifting. The average film clamping success rate was calculated by substituting it into the formula, as shown in Table 6 below.

[0105] The average success rate of the flap was calculated as follows:

[0106]

[0107] Where: Y-number of successful film clamping in each test area;

[0108] n-the number of survey areas, take n=5;

[0109] - Average dissection (%).

[0110] Table 6

[0111]

[0112] There is no standard specification for the success rate of one-time film clamping in the industry, but a 92% one-time film clamping rate can significantly improve the operating efficiency of the film-covering transplanter and reduce the labor intensity of farmers.

[0113] Although this specification is described according to implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0114] Therefore, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present application; that is, all equivalent modifications made according to the scope of the claims of the present application are within the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A film covering mechanism for a film covering rice transplanter capable of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth, comprising a rice transplanter body (1), the rear of the rice transplanter body (1) being connected to a rice transplanter crossbeam (2) via a connecting mechanism, a film covering mechanism for covering the rice transplanter crossbeam (2) being installed below the rice transplanter crossbeam (2), and characterized in that: The film hanging mechanism includes a film hanging frame (7) with an adjustable height from the ground, a film pressing mechanism is arranged behind the film hanging frame (7), and the film pressing mechanism includes a film pressing roller (34) arranged in parallel with the film hanging frame (7), and a fixed beam (29) arranged in parallel is arranged below the transplanting box behind the transplanter cross beam (2), and a floating rod (31) is installed at the bottom of the fixed beam (29) through a mounting mechanism, and the floating rod (31) is connected to the bottom plate (33) through a film pressing roller bracket (32), and the front end of the bottom plate (33) is movably connected to the film pressing roller (34) through a connecting frame, and the middle part of the bottom plate (33) is connected to the hydraulic system switch of the hydraulic profiling system on the transplanter body (1) through a pull rope assembly; The film hanging frame (7) is a cylindrical structure with an opening and a semicircular cross-section. A film pressing block (52) is installed above the inner end of the film hanging frame (7). The top of the film pressing block (52) is connected to a pulling wire mechanism (53). The pulling wire mechanism (53) passes through the film hanging frame (7) and is fixedly connected to the rice transplanter body (1). The floating rod (31) is connected to a plurality of film pressing roller supports (32) arranged at intervals. The bottoms of the film pressing roller supports (32) are connected to independent bottom plates (33) through movable shafts. The front ends of the bottom plates (33) are movably connected to film pressing rollers (34) through connecting frames. The connecting frames on the outsides of adjacent film pressing rollers (34) are fixedly connected to each other. Both sides of the middle of the bottom plate (33) are symmetrically connected to film pressing auxiliary rollers (35) through movable shafts. A plurality of auxiliary springs are installed between each bottom plate (33) and the transplanter beam (2). (36); The pull rope assembly includes an L-shaped rod (37) fixed to the upper end surface of the middle part of the bottom plate (33) and arranged vertically, and a wire puller (38) is installed on the top of the L-shaped rod (37), and the wire puller (38) is connected to the hydraulic system switch of the hydraulic profiling system on the transplanter body (1) through a sensitive line, and a connecting block (50) is fixedly connected to the middle surface of the float rod (31) and is staggered in space with the L-shaped rod (37), and the connecting block (50) is connected to the manual adjustment mechanism (58) for the transplanting depth on the transplanter body (1).

2. The film covering mechanism of the film covering rice transplanter capable of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tops of both ends of the transplanter beam (2) are symmetrically connected with square tubes (3), the bottoms of the square tubes (3) are provided with film hanging frame frames (4), the outer sides of the film hanging frame frames (4) are installed with plywood (5), the inner sides of the plywood (5) are fixedly connected with pressing blocks (6), the pressing blocks 6 are in the shape of a truncated cone with a narrow front and a wide rear, the outer sides of the plywood (5) are fixedly connected with plywood handles (55), a film hanging frame (7) is fixedly connected between the film hanging frame frames (4), and the height of the film hanging frame (7) is adjusted by an adjustment mechanism between the film hanging frame frame (4) and the square tube (3).

3. The film covering mechanism of the film covering rice transplanter capable of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjusting mechanism includes a screw (39), the screw (39) is threadedly connected to the square tube (3) through a screw sleeve, the top of the screw (39) is fixedly connected to a handle (40), the bottom of the screw (39) passes through the film hanging frame (4) and is threadedly connected to the screw sleeve installed in the film hanging frame (4), the screw sleeve is fixedly connected to the film hanging frame (4), the top of the film hanging frame (4) is symmetrically connected to a limiting plate (41), and the top of the limiting plate (41) passes through the square tube (3).

4. The film covering mechanism of the film covering rice transplanter capable of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting mechanism comprises a mounting plate (56), the floating rod (31) is provided with a mounting plate (56) for mounting fixed intervals, the top of each mounting plate (56) is provided with a circular hole, one side of each transplanting box is fixedly connected with a mounting rod (57), the mounting rod (57) matches the circular hole on the mounting plate (56), and the end of each mounting rod (57) is provided with a limit bolt.

5. The film covering mechanism of the film covering rice transplanter capable of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes a film cutting mechanism located at the rear of the rice transplanter body (1), the film cutting mechanism includes a film cutting knife (16), the two ends of the film cutting knife (16) are respectively installed at the two ends of the rice transplanter beam (2) through a film cutting knife holder (14), the film cutting knife holder (14) is fixedly installed inside the fixed sleeve (13), the inner side of the fixed sleeve (13) is installed with an arc plate 1 (12), the arc plate 1 (12) is connected to the rice transplanter beam (2) through a pneumatic linkage component, the The pneumatic linkage assembly includes a fixing plate (8) fixedly connected to the top of the square tube (3), the top of the fixing plate (8) is fixedly connected to a support frame (9), one side of the support frame (9) is fixedly connected to an angle frame (10), one side of the angle frame (10) is connected to a pneumatic telescopic rod (11) via a movable shaft, an air compressor (51) is installed on the rice transplanter body (1), and the air compressor (51) is connected to the pneumatic telescopic rod (11) via a plurality of air pipes.

6. The film covering mechanism of the film covering rice transplanter capable of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the film cutting knife holder (14) is connected to the film cutting knife (16) through the connecting plate 1 (15), the top of the connecting plate 1 (15) is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 1 (17), the top of the fixed sleeve (13) is fixedly connected to the angle frame 2 (18), one side of the angle frame 2 (18) is connected to the electric telescopic rod (19), the output end of the electric telescopic rod (19) is connected to the push plate (20), one side of the push plate (20) is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 2 (21), the bottom of the connecting sleeve 2 (21) is fixedly connected to the clamping plate (22), the connecting sleeve 1 (17) and the connecting sleeve 2 (21) are fixedly connected. ) are provided with a connecting shaft 1 (23), a limiting strip (24) is provided on the connecting shaft 1 (23), one side of the fixing plate 1 (8) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 2 (25), one side of the connecting plate 2 (25) is fixedly connected to the welding plate (26), the top of the welding plate (26) is fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 3 (27), one side of the film cutting knife holder (14) is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft 2 (28), and the connecting shaft 2 (28) is inserted into the connecting sleeve 3 (27), and the actions of the electric telescopic rod (19) and the air compressor (51) are respectively controlled by the controller (54) of the transplanter body (1).

7. The film covering mechanism of the film covering rice transplanter capable of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth according to claim 6, characterized in that: The film pressing mechanism also includes a pressing mechanism, which includes pressing wheels (44) located on both sides of the film pressing mechanism, and the pressing wheels (44) are connected to the transplanter beam (2) through a floating connection mechanism. The floating connection mechanism includes a fixed plate 2 (42), the bottom of the fixed plate 2 (42) is connected to a rotating rod (43) through a telescopic mechanism, one end of the rotating rod (43) is connected to the pressing wheel (44), and the other end of the rotating rod (43) is connected to an arc plate 2 (45), and the top of the arc plate 2 (45) is connected to a U-shaped frame (46) through a movable shaft, and the U-shaped frame (46) is connected to the welding plate (26).

8. The film covering mechanism of the film covering rice transplanter capable of adaptively adjusting the transplanting depth according to claim 7, characterized in that: The telescopic mechanism includes a movable rod (47), the bottom of the movable rod (47) is connected to the rotating rod (43), the top of the movable rod (47) passes through the second fixed plate (42) and is fixedly connected to a stopper (48), and a spring (49) is wound around the surface of the movable rod (47).

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