Application of arbuscular mycorrhiza in soil potassium activation under wheat low-potassium condition

Abstract

The invention relates to application of arbuscular mycorrhiza to activation of soil potassium under a wheat low-potassium condition, and belongs to the field of biotechnology engineering application. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) performing surface disinfection treatment on wheat seeds, and then washing the wheat seeds with sterilized distilled water for 3-5 times; (2) placing the wheat seeds treated in the step (1) in a culture dish paved with filter paper, placing the culture dish in a refrigerator at 4 DEG C for darkness vernalization for 2-3 days, keeping wet, transferring the wheat seeds into an illumination incubator for culture after the wheat seeds are white, transplanting the wheat seeds into a flowerpot containing a culture medium of arbuscular mycorrhiza after the wheat seeds grow one leaf and one core, and placing the wheat seeds in the illumination incubator; and (3) irrigating the plants with a potassium-deficient Hoagland nutrient solution twice a week. Under the low-potassium condition of wheat, soil enzyme activity can be remarkably improved by inoculating arbuscular mycorrhiza, and enzyme activity change is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of biotechnology engineering applications, and specifically relates to an application of arbuscular mycorrhiza in activating soil potassium under low-potassium conditions of wheat. Background Art

[0002] Potassium is one of the essential elements for plant growth and development. Soil with high potassium content is divided into different types such as water-soluble potassium, exchangeable potassium, and slow-release potassium (Etesami et al., 2017). However, the effectiveness of potassium in the soil is low and it is not easily absorbed and utilized by plants. Therefore, improving the effectiveness of soil potassium is the key to the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0003] Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are a type of endophytic fungi widely distributed in the soil, which coexists with more than 80% of plants on land. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mainly promote the absorption of nutrients by symbiotic plants by changing the microbial community in the soil, thereby improving plant growth and development. At present, there have been a lot of reports on the ability of arbuscular mycorrhizae to activate phosphorus and nitrogen elements, such as the main phosphate pathway of arbuscular mycorrhizae and plant symbiosis, and wheat inoculation with AMF significantly improves wheat nitrogen and phosphorus transport to promote wheat yield (Bakhshandehetal., 2017). However, there are relatively few reports on arbuscular mycorrhizae and plant potassium absorption and utilization, and they are only concentrated in a few species such as potatoes and wolfberries (Yuan et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2024). Among them, there are no reports on the symbiosis between wheat and arbuscular mycorrhizae under potassium deficiency conditions. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to provide an application of arbuscular mycorrhiza in activating soil potassium under low-potassium conditions of wheat, and to provide a theoretical basis for the research related to the symbiosis between wheat and arbuscular mycorrhiza under potassium deficiency conditions.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] An application of arbuscular mycorrhiza in activating soil potassium under low-potassium conditions of wheat comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) Disinfect the surface of wheat seeds and then rinse them with sterile distilled water for 3 to 5 times;

[0008] (2) placing the wheat seeds treated in step (1) in a culture dish covered with filter paper, placing it in a dark refrigerator at 4°C for vernalization for 2 to 3 days, keeping it moist so that the filter paper is in a moist state without dripping water, and transferring it to a light incubator for culture after it turns white, with the light temperature of the incubator at 26°C for 16 hours, the dark temperature at 16°C for 8 hours, and the relative humidity at 50%. After the wheat grows one leaf and one heart, transplant it into a flower pot containing a culture matrix of arbuscular mycorrhizae, and in the light incubator, with the light temperature at 25°C for 12 hours, the dark temperature at 15°C for 12 hours, and the relative humidity at 60%.

[0009] (3) The plants were watered twice a week with potassium-deficient Hoagland nutrient solution, in which K + The content is 0mmol / L, and 50mL / 500g of potassium-deficient Hoagland nutrient solution is added each time.

[0010] Furthermore, the wheat seeds are Kenong 9204, Aikang 58, Xinmai 26, or Lunxuan 987.

[0011] Furthermore, the surface disinfection in step (1) is carried out using 2.5 wt% sodium hypochlorite, that is, the wheat seeds are immersed in the sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes, which is repeated twice.

[0012] Furthermore, the arbuscular mycorrhiza is Pipepophysalis mosseae and / or Pipepophysalis endoradicata, preferably Pipepophysalis mosseae, and the number of active spores thereof in the substrate is 700 to 800 per 10 g.

[0013] Furthermore, the matrix is ​​a sand-soil mixture with a volume ratio of 1:3, the sand and soil are both sieved through a 2 mm sieve, mixed evenly according to the volume ratio, sterilized with 0.11 MPa, 121° C. high-pressure steam for 2 h to kill miscellaneous bacteria, and spread out for use.

[0014] Furthermore, the sand is ordinary river sand, and the soil is taken from land that has been potassium-deficient for two consecutive years. The basic physical and chemical properties are: total nitrogen 0.09g·kg -1 , total phosphorus 0.06g·kg -1 , total potassium 0.88g·kg -1 , alkaline nitrogen 52.67 mg kg -1 , available phosphorus 17.57 mg kg -1 , fast-acting potassium 80.82 mg kg -1 , soil organic matter 0.63 g·kg -1 , pH is 8.46.

[0015] Furthermore, under low-potassium conditions in wheat, inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae can significantly increase soil enzyme activity and is beneficial to changes in enzyme activity.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The present invention provides an application of arbuscular mycorrhizae in activating soil potassium under low-potassium conditions for wheat. Adding arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can alleviate the impact of insufficient potassium supply on wheat growth, increase the activity of soil-related enzymes, activate the conversion of soil potassium, and thus improve wheat growth.

[0018] 2. The arbuscular mycorrhizae of the present invention are easy to propagate, have low economic cost, have good effect on increasing wheat yield, require less application of chemical fertilizers, and have less pollution to the environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solutions and effects of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] 1. Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizae promotes wheat growth and development under potassium deficiency conditions

[0022] 1.1 Experimental Materials

[0023] The present invention selects four large-scale promoted wheat cultivars, namely, Kenong 9204, Aikang 58, Xinmai 26, and Lunxuan 987. The tested fungi are Funnelformis mosseae (FM) and Rhizophagus intraradices (RI), which are purchased from the Institute of Root Biology of Yangtze University. The fungal agent includes a matrix, spores, a root system and hyphae, and the number of active spores is 700 to 800 per 10g.

[0024] 1.2 Experimental treatment

[0025] Seeds were surface disinfected (soaked in 2.5wt% sodium hypochlorite for 10min, repeated twice), and then rinsed with sterile distilled water for 3 to 5 times. The seeds were placed in a culture dish covered with filter paper, placed in a 4°C refrigerator for dark vernalization for 2 to 3d, kept moist, and the filter paper was kept moist without dripping. After it turned white, it was transferred to a light incubator for cultivation (26°C / 16°C, 16h / 8h, relative humidity 50%). After wheat grew one leaf and one heart, the seedlings with consistent growth were selected and transplanted into a culture matrix containing Moses's stalk cysts, root cysts and normal culture matrix flower pots, respectively. The matrix was a sand-soil mixture (sand: soil = 1: 3, v: v), the sand was ordinary river sand, and the soil was taken from the potassium-deficient land of Yuanyang Base of Henan Agricultural University for two consecutive years. The sand and soil were all sieved with 2mm, mixed by volume, sterilized with 0.11Mpa, 121°C high pressure steam for 2h, killed the bacteria, and spread out for use. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are: total nitrogen 0.09g·kg -1 , total phosphorus 0.06g·kg-1 , total potassium 0.88g·kg -1 , alkaline nitrogen 52.67 mg kg -1 , available phosphorus 17.57 mg kg -1 , fast-acting potassium 80.82 mg kg -1 , soil organic matter 0.63 g·kg -1 , pH is 8.46.

[0026] In a light incubator (25°C / 15°C, 12h / 12h, relative humidity 60%), the above plants were watered with potassium-added Hoagland nutrient solution and potassium-deficient Hoagland nutrient solution twice a week, adding 50mL / 500g of Hoagland nutrient solution each time. The plant phenotype was observed and photographed every 10 days during the treatment. The potassium-added Hoagland nutrient solution contained 6mmol / LK + The potassium element mainly comes from K2SO4 and KCl; the potassium-deficient Hoagland nutrient solution contains 0mmol / LK + , where K2SO4 and KCl are replaced by equivalent Na2SO4 and KCl, and the rest of the ingredients are the same.

[0027] 1.3 Physiological index measurement

[0028] Weigh 0.2 g of chopped wheat leaves / roots, grind them into powder using a tissue grinder, add 6 mL of 10 wt% TCA, centrifuge the homogenate at 12000 rpm at 4 °C for 10 min, transfer the supernatant to a new centrifuge tube, and use it to determine the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The MDA content was determined according to the method of Kang (2012).

[0029] 2.1 Effects of inoculation with different types of arbuscular mycorrhizae on wheat growth under potassium deficiency

[0030] The phenotypes of wheat seedlings grown in soil inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizae for 30 days are shown in Table 1. It was found that different varieties had a certain promoting effect on wheat under the conditions of inoculation with different types of arbuscular mycorrhizae.

[0031] The biomass measurement showed that the fresh weight and dry weight of Kenong 9204 increased by 51.0%, 29.4%, 48.4% and 32.5% respectively compared with the control after inoculation with two bacterial agents FM and RI under normal soil conditions, and increased by 77.5%, 50.0%, 80.6% and 48.6% respectively compared with the control in low potassium soil.

[0032] After inoculation with two arbuscular mycorrhizae, the fresh weight and dry weight of Lunxuan 987 increased by 18.7%, 34.4%, 18.9% and 18.7% respectively compared with the control under normal soil conditions, and increased by 41.1%, 27.1%, 33.3% and 24.1% respectively compared with the control in low potassium soil.

[0033] After inoculation with two arbuscular mycorrhizae, the fresh weight and dry weight of Xinmai 26 increased by 22.5%, 3.4%, 20.7% and 12.8% respectively compared with the control under normal soil conditions, and increased by 14.9%, 7.1%, 17.5% and 23.0% respectively compared with the control in low potassium soil.

[0034] After inoculation with two arbuscular mycorrhizae, the fresh weight and dry weight of Aikang 58 increased by 37.2%, 35.2%, 27.0% and 38.7% respectively compared with the control under normal soil conditions, and increased by 52.6%, 45.5%, 29.0% and 22.0% respectively compared with the control in low potassium soil.

[0035] In summary, arbuscular mycorrhizae have the best growth-promoting effect on the wheat variety Kenong 9204 under potassium deficiency conditions, followed by Lunxuan 987 and Aikang 58, and Xinmai 26 has the worst growth-promoting effect.

[0036] Table 1 Biomass of different wheat varieties after application of AMF under potassium deficiency conditions

[0037]

[0038] Note: CK: normal potassium application; LK: potassium deficiency treatment; NA: sterile treatment; FM: application of Pipecapsia mosesii; RI: application of Rhizoctonia endoradiata.

[0039] Under adverse stress conditions, plants can remove the accumulated reactive oxygen in the body by increasing the content of antioxidants. The present invention measured the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in wheat under different treatment conditions and found that under low potassium stress conditions, the MDA content in different wheat varieties decreased significantly, but under arbuscular mycorrhizal treatment conditions, the MDA content of the leaves was significantly increased, as shown in Table 2.

[0040] The MDA content of Kenong 9204 under low potassium conditions increased by 31.1% compared with normal soil conditions. The MDA content of Kenong 9204 under low potassium conditions with the addition of arbuscular mycorrhizae was significantly reduced by 38.4% and 45.8% respectively compared with the single low potassium condition.

[0041] The MDA content of Lunxuan 987 under low potassium conditions increased by 96.2% compared with that under normal soil conditions, and the MDA content of the treatment with arbuscular mycorrhiza under low potassium conditions decreased by 46.1% and 54.0% compared with that under low potassium alone.

[0042] The MDA content of Xinmai 26 under low potassium conditions increased by 38.7% compared with normal soil conditions, and the MDA content of Xinmai 26 under low potassium conditions with the addition of arbuscular mycorrhizae was significantly reduced by 36.4% and 49.7% compared with the single low potassium condition.

[0043] The MDA content of Aikang 58 under low potassium conditions increased by 49.0% compared with that under normal soil conditions, and the MDA content of Aikang 58 under low potassium conditions with the addition of arbuscular mycorrhizae was significantly reduced by 28.0% and 34.3% compared with that under low potassium alone.

[0044] This indicates that arbuscular mycorrhizae can better alleviate the antioxidant capacity of the selected 987 wheat variety under low potassium conditions.

[0045] Table 2 MDA content of different wheat varieties after application of AMF under potassium deficiency conditions

[0046]

[0047] Note: CK: normal potassium application; LK: potassium deficiency treatment; NA: sterile treatment; FM: application of Pipecapsia mosesii; RI: application of Rhizoctonia endoradiata.

[0048] 2.2 Effects of inoculation with different types of arbuscular mycorrhizae on enzyme activities and nutrients in wheat rhizosphere soil under potassium deficiency

[0049] The mineral element content was determined and it was found that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae could significantly promote the absorption of K by wheat. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0050] Under normal potassium conditions, the aboveground potassium content of different varieties treated with FM increased by 29.0%, 2.4%, 17.6% and 13.7% respectively compared with the treatment without arbuscular mycorrhizae, and the underground potassium content increased by 26.5%, 101.3% and 89.9% respectively compared with the treatment without arbuscular mycorrhizae. Only Aikang 58 showed a decreasing trend, decreasing by 8.3%.

[0051] Under normal potassium conditions, the aboveground potassium content of RI-treated plants increased by 35.0% in Kenong 9204, 13.4% in Lunxuan 987, 9.3% in Aikang 58, and 1.0% in Xinmai 26 compared to the treatment without arbuscular mycorrhiza. However, only Kenong 9204 increased its underground potassium content by 48.4%, while Lunxuan 987, Xinmai 26, and Aikang 58 decreased by 53.0%, 20.7%, and 85.7%, respectively.

[0052] Under low potassium conditions, the potassium content in the aboveground part of Kenong 9204, Lunxuan 987 and Aikang 58 increased by 24.9%, 17.6% and 2.1% respectively compared with the treatment without arbuscular mycorrhizal root under FM treatment. Only Xinmai 26 showed a downward trend, down 7.3%. Only Xinmai 26 increased the potassium content in the underground part, up 30.0%. The other varieties showed a downward trend, down 35.37% for Kenong 9204, 53.1% for Lunxuan 987 and 10.8% for Aikang 58.

[0053] Under low potassium conditions, compared with the treatment without arbuscular mycorrhizal treatment, the aboveground potassium content of Lunxuan 987, Xinmai 26, and Aikang 58 increased by 31.6%, 14.1%, and 144.7%, respectively, while that of Kenong 9204 decreased by 14.7%. The underground potassium content of Kenong 9204, Lunxuan 987, and Xinmai 26 decreased by 46.7%, 36.3%, and 19.2%, respectively, while that of Aikang 58 increased by 67.6%.

[0054] Based on the above analysis, it can be seen that the effect of FM microbial agent is better than that of RI microbial agent, and Kenong 9204 has better affinity with FM.

[0055] The transport coefficient of potassium from underground to aboveground parts also increased significantly.

[0056] Under normal potassium conditions, the potassium transport coefficients of Kenong 9204 and Aikang 58 increased by 1.9% and 27.0%, respectively, while those of Lunxuan 987 and Xinmai 26 decreased by 49.1% and 38.1%, respectively, compared with those without FM.

[0057] Under normal potassium conditions, the potassium transport coefficient of Kenong 9204 decreased by 9.0% after RI treatment, while that of Lunxuan 987, Xinmai 26 and Aikang 58 increased by 141.3%, 24.8% and 666.7%, respectively, compared with that of the treatment without RI.

[0058] Under low potassium conditions, the potassium transport coefficient of Kenong 9204 treated with FM decreased by 94.2% compared with that without FM treatment, while that of Lunxuan 987 and Xinmai 26 Aikang 58 increased by 150.5%, 28.7% and 14.4%, respectively.

[0059] Under low potassium conditions, the potassium transport coefficients of Kenong 9204, Lunxuan 987, Xinmai 26, and Aikang 58 increased by 115.1%, 106.6%, 41.3%, and 46.1%, respectively, compared with those without arbuscular mycorrhizal treatment.

[0060] In order to analyze the promoting effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth and development of wheat under low potassium conditions, the present invention measured the enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil of different varieties, and found that the enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil of different wheat varieties were improved to a certain extent under the arbuscular mycorrhizal treatment conditions, but there was no significant difference under normal potassium and low potassium treatment conditions, as shown in Table 4.

[0061] The activities of urease, neutral phosphatase, sucrase and catalase in the rhizosphere soil of Kenong 9204 increased significantly in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizae, and the FM and RI treatments increased by 35.8%, 46.3%, 42.6%, 9.7% and 95.2%, 42.7%, 39.8%, 19.4%, respectively, compared with the normal treatment. Under low potassium conditions, they increased by 34.5%, 37.5%, 23.5%, 9.6% and 103.0%, 40.0%, 42.2%, 17.8%, respectively.

[0062] The activities of urease, neutral phosphatase, sucrase and catalase in the rhizosphere soil of Lunxuan 987 increased significantly in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizae. The activities increased by 55.2%, 52.4%, 32.2%, 4.1% and 116.3%, 51.2%, 15.3%, 11.0% under normal treatment conditions under FM and RI treatments, and increased by 31.0%, 64.6%, 3.4%, 10.1% and 57.4%, 44.3%, 11.2%, 11.6% under low potassium conditions.

[0063] The activities of urease, neutral phosphatase, sucrase and catalase in the rhizosphere soil of Xinmai 26 increased significantly in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizae. The activities increased by 36.2%, 52.4%, 43.0%, 20.3% and 40.8%, 54.9%, 84.9%, 21.6% under normal treatment conditions under FM and RI treatments, and increased by 32.3%, 73.6%, 80.8%, 8.2% and 47.8%, 63.9%, 86.7%, 12.3% under low potassium conditions.

[0064] The activities of urease, neutral phosphatase, sucrase and catalase in the rhizosphere soil of Aikang 58 increased significantly in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizae. The activities of FM and RI increased by 46.8%, 50.5%, 11.8%, 10.8% and 80.1%, 62.2%, 17.6%, 10.8% respectively under normal treatment conditions, and by 12.2%, 59.7%, 15.6%, 13.7% and 89.6%, 59.7%, 13.0%, 5.5% respectively under low potassium conditions.

[0065] This indicates that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza significantly increases soil enzyme activity, especially low potassium is more conducive to enzyme activity changes. Among them, the enzyme activity changes of Kenong 9204 and Xinmai 26 under low potassium conditions are more significant.

[0066] In order to analyze the relationship between arbuscular mycorrhiza and various wheat growth indicators under low potassium conditions, the present invention analyzes the correlation between fresh weight, dry weight, MDA content, aboveground potassium content, underground potassium content, potassium transport coefficient, urease activity, phosphatase activity, sucrase activity and catalase activity of different varieties. From the correlation coefficient, it can be found that the biomass of different wheat varieties under arbuscular mycorrhizal treatment conditions, that is, fresh weight and dry weight, have significant positive and negative correlations with other indicators, and the situation is different for different varieties, as shown in Table 5.

[0067] The fresh weight of Kenong 9204 was significantly positively correlated with the aboveground potassium content, urease activity, phosphatase activity, and sucrase activity, with correlation coefficients of 0.670, 0.496, 0.809, and 0.595, respectively; and was significantly negatively correlated with the MDA content, with a correlation coefficient of 0.588. The dry weight was significantly positively correlated with the aboveground potassium content, underground potassium content, urease activity, phosphatase activity, and sucrase activity, with correlation coefficients of 0.718, 0.501, 0.502, 0.777, and 0.557, respectively; and was significantly negatively correlated with the MDA content, with a correlation coefficient of 0.630.

[0068] The fresh weight of Lunxuan 987 was significantly positively correlated with the aboveground potassium content, potassium transport coefficient, phosphatase activity and catalase, with correlation coefficients of 0.652, 0.563, 0.745 and 0.749, respectively; and was significantly negatively correlated with the MDA content, with a correlation coefficient of 0.787. The dry weight was significantly positively correlated with the aboveground potassium content, phosphatase activity and catalase, with correlation coefficients of 0.725, 0.747 and 0.592, respectively; and was significantly negatively correlated with the MDA content and sucrase activity, with correlation coefficients of 0.877 and 0.507, respectively.

[0069] The fresh weight of new wheat 26 was significantly positively correlated with the aboveground potassium content and the underground potassium content, with correlation coefficients of 0.563 and 0.690, respectively; it was significantly negatively correlated with the potassium transport coefficient, with a correlation coefficient of 0.553. The dry weight was significantly positively correlated with the aboveground potassium content, the underground potassium content, the potassium transport coefficient, the urease activity, the phosphatase activity and the catalase, with correlation coefficients of 0.677, 0.679, 0.830, 0.707 and 0.804, respectively; it was significantly negatively correlated with the MDA content, with a correlation coefficient of 0.790.

[0070] The fresh weight of Aikang 58 was significantly positively correlated with urease activity, phosphatase activity, sucrase activity and catalase, with correlation coefficients of 0.590, 0.791, 0.523 and 0.669, respectively; and was significantly negatively correlated with MDA content, with a correlation coefficient of 0.555. The dry weight was significantly positively correlated with potassium transport coefficient, urease activity, phosphatase activity, sucrase activity and catalase, with correlation coefficients of 0.493, 0.718, 0.887, 0.623 and 0.780, respectively; and was significantly negatively correlated with MDA content, with a correlation coefficient of 0.732.

[0071] In summary, the increase of wheat biomass was related to the decrease of MDA content in the plant and the increase of potassium content, potassium transport coefficient, soil urease activity, phosphatase activity, sucrase activity and catalase activity, indicating that arbuscular fungi promoted the accumulation of plant biomass by promoting the decomposition of soil elements and the absorption of elements by wheat plants and reducing oxidative harmful substances. Among them, arbuscular fungi had the best promoting effect on various indicators of Kenong 9204 and Xinmai 26.

[0072] Therefore, the rhizosphere soil of these two wheat varieties was selected for basic soil nutrient determination, and the results are shown in Table 6. It was found that there were certain differences in the rhizosphere soil nutrients of the two wheat varieties under the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizae. Whether under normal potassium conditions or low potassium conditions, the contents of organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, and slow-release potassium in the rhizosphere soil of Kenong 9204 treated with arbuscular mycorrhizae increased. Only the alkaline nitrogen content decreased under the condition of normal potassium treatment and FM, which decreased by 36.5%.

[0073] Under normal conditions, the contents of organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium and slow-release potassium in the rhizosphere soil of Kenong 9204 increased by 71.2%, 22.9%, 281.0%, 8.3% and 14.7%, 46.8%, 223.9%, 10.9%, respectively, after the application of FM and RI; the contents of organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium and slow-release potassium in the rhizosphere soil of low-potassium Kenong 9204 increased by 37.9%, 32.9%, 19.9%, 5.7% and 24.5%, 129.8%, 0.01%, 6.5%, respectively, after the application of FM and RI.

[0074] The changes in the content of organic matter, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and slow-release potassium in the rhizosphere soil of new wheat 26 treated with arbuscular mycorrhiza were different. Among them, the organic matter in the rhizosphere soil of new wheat 26 planted with FM and RI increased by 55.1%, 32.5%, 57.4% and 18.6% respectively under normal potassium and low potassium conditions; the alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen content only increased under normal potassium conditions, and increased by 61.0% and 2.4% respectively after applying the two bacterial agents; the available phosphorus content increased under normal potassium conditions, and increased by 8.5% and 19.1% respectively after applying the two bacterial agents; the slow-release potassium content increased under normal potassium conditions, and increased by 22.% and 30.0% respectively after applying the two bacterial agents; while the available potassium content in the rhizosphere soil of new wheat 26 treated with arbuscular mycorrhiza decreased under normal potassium and low potassium conditions, decreasing by 84.6%, 64.5%, 51.2% and 40.7% respectively.

[0075] Table 3 P and K contents and potassium transport coefficients in different parts of different wheat varieties after application of AMF under potassium deficiency conditions

[0076]

[0077] Note: CK: normal potassium application; LK: potassium deficiency treatment; NA: sterile treatment; FM: application of Pipecapsia mosesii; RI: application of Rhizoctonia endoradiata.

[0078] Table 4 Soil enzyme activities after planting different wheat varieties with AMF under potassium deficiency

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] Note: CK: normal potassium application; LK: potassium deficiency treatment; NA: sterile treatment; FM: application of Pipecapsia mosesii; RI: application of Rhizoctonia endoradiata.

[0082] Table 5 Correlation coefficients of various indicators of different wheat varieties after applying AMF under potassium deficiency conditions

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] **. The correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two-tailed). *. The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two-tailed).

[0086] Table 6 Soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient content after applying AMF under potassium deficiency conditions

[0087]

[0088] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An application of arbuscular mycorrhiza in activating soil potassium under low potassium conditions in wheat, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Disinfect the surface of wheat seeds and then rinse them with sterile distilled water for 3 to 5 times; (2) placing the wheat seeds treated in step (1) in a culture dish covered with filter paper, placing it in a dark refrigerator at 4°C for vernalization for 2 to 3 days, keeping it moist so that the filter paper is in a moist state without dripping water, and transferring it to a light incubator for culture after it turns white, with the light temperature of the incubator at 26°C for 16 hours, the dark temperature at 16°C for 8 hours, and the relative humidity at 50%. After the wheat grows one leaf and one heart, transplant it into a flower pot containing a culture matrix of arbuscular mycorrhizae, and in the light incubator, with the light temperature at 25°C for 12 hours, the dark temperature at 15°C for 12 hours, and the relative humidity at 60%. (3) The plants were watered twice a week with potassium-deficient Hoagland nutrient solution, in which K + The content is 0mmol / L, and 50mL / 500g of potassium-deficient Hoagland nutrient solution is added each time.

2. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizae in activating soil potassium under low potassium conditions in wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wheat seeds are Kenong 9204, Aikang 58, Xinmai 26, or Lunxuan 987.

3. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizae in activating soil potassium under low potassium conditions in wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface disinfection in step (1) is carried out by treating with 2.5 wt% sodium hypochlorite, that is, soaking the wheat seeds in the sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes, and repeating twice.

4. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizae in activating soil potassium under low potassium conditions in wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arbuscular mycorrhiza is Pipepophysalis mosseae and / or Rhizocystis endoradiata, preferably Pipepophysalis mosseae, and the number of active spores thereof in the substrate is 700 to 800 per 10 g.

5. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizae in activating soil potassium under low potassium conditions in wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matrix is ​​a sand-soil mixture with a volume ratio of 1:

3. The sand and soil are both sieved through a 2 mm sieve, mixed evenly according to the volume ratio, sterilized with 0.11 MPa, 121° C. high-pressure steam for 2 h to kill miscellaneous bacteria, and spread out to dry for later use.

6. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizae in activating soil potassium under low potassium conditions in wheat according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sand is ordinary river sand, and the soil is taken from land that has been deficient in potassium for two consecutive years. The basic physical and chemical properties are: total nitrogen 0.09g·kg -1 , total phosphorus 0.06g·kg -1 , total potassium 0.88g·kg -1 , alkaline nitrogen 52.67 mg kg -1 , available phosphorus 17.57 mg kg -1 , fast-acting potassium 80.82 mg kg -1 , soil organic matter 0.63 g·kg -1 , pH is 8.

46.

7. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizae in activating soil potassium under low potassium conditions in wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: Under low potassium conditions in wheat, inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae can significantly increase soil enzyme activity and is beneficial to the change of enzyme activity.

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