Preparation method of American ginseng concentrated solution

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of an American ginseng concentrated solution, which is characterized in that high-quality American ginseng and longan honey are used as raw materials, the American ginseng concentrated solution is prepared by the processes of soaking and cleaning, crushing and pulping, blending and liquefying, fermenting, vacuum concentrating, high-pressure homogenizing, filling and sterilizing, and packaging, and a plurality of problems existing in American ginseng drinking solution processing are solved. Nutritional essence of American ginseng is concentrated, nutritional ingredients and biological activity of American ginseng are perfectly reserved, the content of effective ingredients is high, the content of polysaccharide and amino acid is 3 times higher than that of conventional American ginseng drinking liquid, no chemical additive is added, the taste is good, eating is convenient, human body absorption is easy, the American ginseng beverage is deeply loved by people, and development of the Chinese herbal medicine planting and processing industry is promoted; and the social and economic significance is huge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of food processing, and in particular to a method for preparing American ginseng concentrated liquid. Background Art

[0002] American ginseng tastes sweet and slightly bitter, is cold in nature, and enters the lung, heart, kidney, and spleen meridians. It is a high-grade medicinal and food product that is nourishing but not dry, suitable for men, women, young and old, and has very powerful effects of replenishing qi and blood, nourishing yin and kidney, strengthening spleen and stomach, delaying aging, and beautifying the skin. In November 2023, the National Health Commission and the State Administration for Market Regulation jointly issued an announcement to add American ginseng as a new resource food, marking that American ginseng was officially included in the food and medicine homology catalog. At the same time, as people's health awareness gradually increases, the American ginseng beverage market has expanded rapidly, and American ginseng functional drink has become a new highlight in the market and is increasingly loved by people.

[0003] At present, the output of beverages made from American ginseng as raw materials is increasing year by year, such as various brands of American ginseng oral liquid, American ginseng beverage, American ginseng slurry, American ginseng solid beverage, with a wide variety of categories and broad market prospects. However, there are still many problems in the processing of American ginseng beverages, and people's requirements for products are getting higher and higher, such as: unscientific processing methods and overall process technology, low bioavailability, loss and destruction of nutrients, long processing time and low production efficiency, chemical addition, easy precipitation, stratification, poor stability, low nutrient content, poor taste of beverages, etc. Most of the processing is still based on high-temperature decoction and extraction, lack of natural active ingredients, and pharmacological functions cannot be effectively exerted, which not only wastes resources, but also leads to poor health effects, greatly reducing health effects. The additives and preservatives added do not meet the requirements of green food. American ginseng beverages are facing a critical moment in which these technical problems must be broken through. Research on key technologies for the processing of American ginseng beverages is imperative. The important link in the production of American ginseng beverages is the key processing technology that must break through and solve the existing multiple drawbacks. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing American ginseng concentrated liquid, so as to solve the many technical drawbacks that currently exist in the processing and consumption of American ginseng.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for preparing American ginseng concentrate, characterized by comprising the following process steps: Step 1, raw material selection: the dried American ginseng raw materials must be free of pests, deterioration, and impurities, and the total saponin content must be no less than 8%; the fresh American ginseng raw materials should be more than 4 years old, meet the quality and safety index requirements, and the total saponin content must be no less than 4%; Step 2, soaking and cleaning: Soak the harvested raw materials in water with a salt content of 0.1-0.9% for 10-30 minutes in time to make it easier to remove mud and sand. Soak the dried American ginseng raw materials for 30-50 minutes. After soaking, send them to the food purifier and use water molecule energy purification technology to clean them; Step 3, crushing and beating: putting the soaked and cleaned American ginseng into a crushing and beating machine for crushing and beating, controlling the concentration between 30-40% and the particle size within 50 μm to obtain American ginseng pulp; Step 4, blending and liquefaction: the prepared American ginseng pulp is sent into an ultrasonic reactor, 5-21% of longan honey is added, or auxiliary materials allowed for use are added, purified water with a mass ratio of 1:9-23 is added, the temperature is increased to 39°C to 49°C, the ultrasonic power is 700-800W, and the ultrasonic blending treatment is performed for 20-30min, and then 0.5-3% of cellulase is added, the temperature is controlled to 49-52°C, the ultrasonic power is 300-500W, and the ultrasonic liquefaction treatment is performed for 1-3 hours to prepare American ginseng pulp; Step 5, fermentation treatment: the prepared American ginseng slurry is sent to a fermentation tank and fermented by The residual enzymes in the slurry and the self-enzymes continue to act in the slurry, and no foreign enzymes or bacteria are added. The temperature is controlled at 53℃~65℃, and the constant temperature fermentation process is carried out for 4-8 hours; Step 6, vacuum concentration: The fermented American ginseng slurry is sent to a rising film concentration pot. In order to reduce the volatilization of flavor substances, the general working conditions are selected to be a vacuum degree of 0.068Mpa, the liquid temperature is raised to 51°C ~ 55°C, and the concentration time is based on the final soluble solids reaching more than 10%.

[0006] Step 7, high-pressure homogenization: the vacuum-concentrated American ginseng slurry is sent to a high-pressure homogenizer and treated in two stages to allow some insoluble solids to be mutually inclusive with water. At the same time, the high pressure can cut off the long-chain molecules in the concentrated liquid, so that the final product does not appear in a suspended concentrated state. The working parameters are: the first stage homogenization pressure is 17Mpa, and the second stage homogenization pressure is 8Mpa; Step 8, filling and sterilization: The high-pressure homogenized American ginseng slurry is sent to the filling and sealing line for filling and sealing, and then sent to the tunnel-type microwave sterilizer for sterilization, and then tested and packaged to make American ginseng concentrate.

[0007] The longan honey described in step 4 of the present invention is also called longan honey, which is a top-grade honey. It is abundant in resources, mild in nature and sweet in taste, not easy to crystallize, has the aroma of longan, has the highest protein content in single flower honey, and has the effects of nourishing blood and calming the mind, appetizing and benefiting the spleen, nourishing the skin, clearing away heat and moistening dryness, and replenishing the middle and replenishing qi.

[0008] The present invention can also adopt the process method with such characteristics to further process the American ginseng into a solid drink.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: 1. The present invention uses high-quality American ginseng and longan honey as raw materials, and adopts soaking and cleaning, crushing and beating, blending and liquefaction, fermentation treatment, vacuum concentration, high-pressure homogenization, filling and sterilization, and packaging processes to make American ginseng concentrate, which solves many existing problems in the processing of American ginseng liquid. The present invention concentrates the nutritional essence of American ginseng, perfectly retains the nutritional components and biological activity of American ginseng, has a high content of effective ingredients, and its polysaccharide and amino acid content is more than 3 times that of conventional American ginseng liquid. It has no chemical additives, good taste, convenient consumption, and is easy for human body to absorb, which enhances the nutritional and health care effects of American ginseng, is deeply loved by people, and promotes the development of Chinese herbal medicine planting and processing industry, and has great social and economic significance.

[0010] 2. The soaking and cleaning process adopted by the present invention combines salt water soaking with water molecule energy purification to remove impurities and chemical residues remaining on the surface of American ginseng. American ginseng is attached with a large amount of dust, bacteria and even pesticide residues during its growth process. Light salt water has a certain anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effect, which helps to kill some bacteria and other microorganisms on American ginseng, and can also help dust float and remove pesticide residues, making it safer to process and eat American ginseng.

[0011] 3. The crushing and beating process adopted in the present invention controls the original pulp concentration to 30-40% and the particles to within 50 μm, which saves processing time and improves work efficiency in the subsequent blending and liquefaction process steps, and reduces the amount of enzyme used by more than 50% compared with conventional methods.

[0012] 4. The blending liquefaction process adopted by the present invention abandons the previous method of boiling or alcohol extracting American ginseng to produce a large amount of residue, so that all the American ginseng raw materials are used in a fine manner without any residue, and the nutritional components of American ginseng are perfectly retained. The effective substances contained in the ginseng are released more effectively by utilizing the action of cellulase, and the problem of easy precipitation and stratification of the slurry in the past is solved. The ginseng has a high bioavailability and is easily absorbed by the human body.

[0013] 5. The present invention adds the prepared American ginseng pulp to longan honey, which plays a role in medicine and harmonization. Through warm ultrasonic blending treatment and ultrasonic liquefaction treatment, the total saponin content of the obtained product is as high as 10 mg / ml or more, and its polysaccharide and total amino acid content are more than 3 times that of the American ginseng liquid prepared by the conventional method. It not only maintains the original flavor of American ginseng, but also increases the content of natural amino acids therein. Compared with the concentrated liquid obtained by the present invention, the obtained concentrated liquid has reduced bitterness, increased freshness and sweetness, and significantly improved the taste and quality of the pulp.

[0014] 6. The fermentation process adopted by the present invention produces a slurry with a unique flavor. The residual enzymes in the slurry and the self-enzymes are continuously used in the slurry without adding any foreign enzymes or bacteria. After the slurry is fermented, its original color, shape and flavor are changed, thus solving the problems of poor slurry stability and poor taste.

[0015] 7. The vacuum concentration process adopted by the present invention concentrates the nutritional essence of American ginseng, reduces the volatilization of original flavor substances, shortens the concentration time, removes air and oxygen in the slurry by vacuum concentration, reduces oxidation, increases the storage resistance of the product, and ensures the nutritional content.

[0016] 7. The high-pressure homogenization process adopted in the present invention adopts a two-stage homogenization process, so that part of the insoluble solids can be mutually contained with water. At the same time, the high pressure can cut off the long-chain molecules in the concentrated liquid, so that the final product does not appear in a suspended concentrated state, and its slurry is uniform.

[0017] 8. The filling and sterilization process adopted by the present invention adopts a microwave sterilization method to sterilize the concentrated liquid by microwave. After being placed at room temperature for 2 years, the nutritional components are basically unchanged. Moreover, since the microwave sterilization process is adopted after filling and capping, it is not necessary to add preservatives to the liquid, and the sanitary indicators do not change, and the shelf life can be up to more than two years. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments: Example 1

[0019] Harvest American ginseng raw materials, select dry American ginseng without pests, deterioration, impurities, and with a total saponin content of not less than 8%; weigh the prepared dry American ginseng, soak it in water with a salt content of 0.7% for 50 minutes to remove mud and sand, and then send it into a food purifier after soaking, and use water molecule energy purification technology to clean it; Weigh the prepared soaked and cleaned American ginseng, put it into a crushing and beating machine for crushing and beating, control the concentration to 30%, and the particle size to 50 μm, to obtain American ginseng pulp; Weigh the prepared American ginseng pulp, put it into an ultrasonic reactor, add 10% longan honey, add purified water with a mass ratio of 1:13, heat to 47°C, ultrasonic power 800W, ultrasonic blending treatment for 20min, then add 0.3% cellulase, control the temperature at 49°C, ultrasonic power 300W, ultrasonic liquefaction treatment for 2 hours, and prepare American ginseng pulp; Weigh the prepared American ginseng slurry, put it into a fermentation tank, use the residual enzymes in the slurry and its own enzymes, control the temperature at 53°C, and ferment at a constant temperature for 5 hours; Weigh the prepared fermented American ginseng slurry and send it into a rising film concentrator for concentration. Select a vacuum degree of 0.068Mpa, heat the liquid to 55°C, and concentrate it to 15% soluble solids. Weigh the vacuum concentrated American ginseng slurry prepared above, send it into a high-pressure homogenizer, and adopt two-stage homogenization treatment. Its working parameters are: the first stage homogenization pressure is 17Mpa, and the second stage homogenization pressure is 8Mpa; The slurry homogenized by high pressure is weighed, sent to a filling and sealing line for filling and sealing, and then sent to a tunnel type microwave sterilizer for sterilization, and then tested and packaged to prepare American ginseng concentrate. Example 2

[0020] Harvest American ginseng raw materials, select fresh American ginseng raw materials that meet quality and safety standards, have a total saponin content of more than 4%, and are 4 years old; Weigh the prepared American ginseng, soak it in water with a salt content of 0.5% for 30 minutes to remove the mud and sand, and then put it into a food purifier to clean it; Weigh the soaked and cleaned American ginseng, put it into a crushing and beating machine for crushing and beating, control the concentration to 40%, and the particle size to 50 μm, to obtain American ginseng pulp; Weigh the prepared American ginseng pulp, put it into an ultrasonic reactor, add 9% xylitol, add purified water with a mass ratio of 1:15, heat to 47°C, ultrasonic power of 600W, ultrasonic blending treatment for 30 minutes, then add 0.4% cellulase, control the temperature at 49°C, ultrasonic power of 300W, ultrasonic liquefaction treatment for 2.5 hours, and prepare American ginseng pulp; Weigh the prepared American ginseng slurry, put it into a fermentation tank, use the residual enzymes and self-enzymes in the slurry, control the temperature at 51°C, and ferment at a constant temperature for 6 hours; Weigh the prepared fermented American ginseng slurry and send it into a rising film concentrator. Select a vacuum degree of 0.068Mpa, raise the temperature of the liquid to 57°C, and concentrate it to 15% soluble solids. The vacuum concentrated American ginseng slurry prepared above was weighed and sent to a high-pressure homogenizer for two-stage homogenization treatment. Its working parameters were: the first stage homogenization pressure was 17 MPa, and the second stage homogenization pressure was 17 MPa. Mass pressure 8Mpa; The slurry homogenized by high pressure is weighed, sent to a filling and sealing line for filling and sealing, then sent to a tunnel type microwave sterilizer for sterilization, and then tested and packaged to prepare American ginseng concentrate. Example 3

[0021] Harvest American ginseng raw materials, select dried American ginseng that is free of pests, deterioration, impurities, and has a total saponin content of 9%; Weigh the prepared dried American ginseng, soak it in water with a salt content of 0.7% for 50 minutes to remove the mud and sand, and then put it into a food purifier to clean it; Weigh the soaked and cleaned American ginseng, put it into a crushing and beating machine for crushing and beating, control the concentration to 40%, and control the particles to 50 μm, to obtain American ginseng pulp; Weigh the prepared American ginseng puree, put it into an ultrasonic reactor, add 19% longan honey, add purified water with a mass ratio of 1:16, heat to 45°C, and increase the ultrasonic power. 700W, ultrasonic blending treatment for 20min, then adding 0.6% cellulase, heating controlled at 52℃, ultrasonic action power 300W, ultrasonic liquefaction treatment for 3 hours to make slurry; Weigh the prepared slurry and put it into a fermentation tank. Use the residual enzymes in the slurry and the self-enzymes to continue to act in the slurry. Control the temperature at 55°C and ferment at a constant temperature for 3 hours. Weigh the fermented American ginseng slurry prepared above, and send it into a rising film concentrator. Select a vacuum degree of 0.068 MPa, raise the temperature of the liquid to 55° C., and concentrate until the soluble solids reach 17%.

[0022] Weigh the vacuum concentrated American ginseng slurry and send it into a high-pressure homogenizer for two-stage homogenization, with the first stage homogenization pressure of 17 MPa and the second stage homogenization pressure of 8 MPa; The high-pressure homogenized slurry is weighed, spray-dried, granulated, and packaged to prepare an American ginseng solid beverage. Comparative Example 1

[0023] The applicant conducted a comparative experiment on the content of effective ingredients in the product of the present invention and commercially available products; the content of effective ingredients in the American ginseng concentrate of the product of the present invention (example) was detected, and the content of effective ingredients in the American ginseng oral liquid, a commercially available product (control example), was detected. The commercially available product (control example) was the American ginseng oral liquid produced by Chengdu Institute of Natural Medicine. The detected effective ingredient contents were total saponin content, crude polysaccharide content, and total amino acid content, respectively. The comparison of the detection results of the effective ingredient content in the example and the control example is shown in Table 1 below.

[0024] Table 1 Test results of total saponin, crude polysaccharide and total amino acid content project Comparison example Example Total saponin content mg / 100ml 150 900 Crude polysaccharide content mg / 100ml 16 89 Total amino acid content mg / 100ml 120 419 The above comparative experimental results show that compared with the product of the control example, the total saponin content in the American ginseng concentrate prepared in the embodiment is significantly increased, the crude polysaccharide content is increased by more than 5 times, and the total amino acid content is increased by 3.49 times. The results show that the product of the present invention has a high content of effective ingredients and a perfect retention of active ingredients, which solves the technical drawbacks of low processing utilization rate of American ginseng and large amount of waste of active ingredients. Experimental Example 1

[0025] (1) The present invention adopts the experimental analysis of microbial index detection before and after microwave sterilization: The prepared American ginseng concentrate was sterilized by microwave and the results were tested. The results showed that the effect of microwave sterilization was very obvious. The comparison data before and after microwave sterilization are shown in Table 2: Table 2 Comparison of tests before and after microwave sterilization Test items unit Before microwave sterilization After microwave sterilization Total colony count CFU / g 3000 ﹤5 Coliform bacteria MPN / 100ml 20 ﹤1 Mold and Yeast CFU / g 50 0 (2) Experimental analysis of the content of nutrients before and after high-temperature sterilization and microwave sterilization: Compared with high-temperature sterilization, microwave sterilization can fully retain the nutritional components of the product. The test results show that high-temperature sterilization will cause a large amount of nutritional components to be destroyed, while microwave sterilization can better retain the nutritional components of the product. The changes in the content of ingredients before and after high-temperature and microwave sterilization are shown in Table 3:

[0026] Table 3 Comparison of component content changes before and after high temperature and microwave sterilization Test items unit Before sterilization After high temperature sterilization After microwave sterilization Total saponins mg / 100m 900 810 900 Crude polysaccharide mg / 100m 89 56 88 Total amino acids mg / 100m 420 290 419 The experimental results comparing the changes in component contents before and after high-temperature and microwave sterilization showed that the contents of total saponins, crude polysaccharides and total amino acids in the American ginseng concentrate prepared by microwave sterilization remained basically unchanged, the total saponin content was significantly reduced after high-temperature sterilization, the crude polysaccharide content decreased by more than 1.5 times, and the total amino acid content decreased by about 1.4 times.

[0027] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing American ginseng concentrate, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, raw material selection: the dried American ginseng raw materials must be free of pests, deterioration, and impurities, and the total saponin content must be no less than 8%; the fresh American ginseng raw materials should be more than 4 years old, meet the quality and safety index requirements, and the total saponin content must be no less than 4%; Step 2, soaking and cleaning: Soak the harvested raw materials in water with a salt content of 0.1-0.9% for 10-30 minutes in time to make it easier to remove mud and sand. Soak the dried American ginseng raw materials for 30-50 minutes. After soaking, send them to the food purifier and use water molecule energy purification technology to clean them; Step 3, crushing and beating: putting the soaked and cleaned American ginseng into a crushing and beating machine for crushing and beating, controlling the concentration between 30-40% and the particle size within 50 μm to obtain American ginseng pulp; Step 4, blending and liquefaction: the prepared American ginseng pulp is sent into an ultrasonic reactor, 5-21% of longan honey is added, purified water with a mass ratio of 1:9-23 is added, the mixture is heated to 39°C to 49°C, the ultrasonic action power is 700-800W, the ultrasonic blending treatment is performed for 20-30min, and then 0.5-3% of cellulase is added, the temperature is controlled at 49-52°C, the ultrasonic action power is 300-500W, and the ultrasonic liquefaction treatment is performed for 1-3 hours to prepare American ginseng pulp; Step 5, fermentation treatment: the prepared American ginseng slurry is sent to a fermentation tank, and the residual enzymes in the slurry and the self-enzymes are continuously used in the slurry without adding any external enzymes or bacteria. The temperature is controlled at 53°C to 65°C, and the constant temperature fermentation treatment is carried out for 4-8 hours; Step 6, vacuum concentration: the fermented American ginseng slurry is sent to a rising film concentration pot. In order to reduce the volatilization of aromatic substances, the general working conditions are selected to be a vacuum degree of 0.068Mpa, the liquid temperature is raised to 51°C to 55°C, and the concentration time is based on the final soluble solid content reaching more than 10%; Step 7, high-pressure homogenization: The concentrated American ginseng slurry is sent to a high-pressure homogenizer and subjected to two-stage homogenization treatment. The first stage is at a homogenization pressure of 17 MPa and the second stage is at a homogenization pressure of 8 MPa. The purpose is to allow some insoluble solids to be mutually inclusive with water. At the same time, the high pressure cuts off the long-chain molecules in the concentrated liquid, so that the final product does not appear in a suspended concentrated state. Step 8, filling and sterilization: The high-pressure homogenized American ginseng slurry is sent to a filling and sealing machine for filling and sealing, and then sent to a tunnel-type microwave sterilizer for sterilization, and then tested and packaged to make American ginseng concentrate.

2. The method for preparing a concentrated American ginseng solution according to claim 1, further comprising: The process with these characteristics is adopted to further process the product into a fresh American ginseng solid beverage.