Method for producing a composite component and composite component

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a composite part for a vehicle, comprising at least one base element and at least one bearing element, the base element comprising at least one recess for at least partially receiving the bearing element, the method comprising: introducing the bearing element into the recess of the base element in an installation direction, wherein, during the introduction of the bearing element into the recess of the base element, the bearing element has an interference with respect to the recess; heating the bearing element and at least partially transferring thermal energy of the bearing element to the material of the base element; -displacing at least a portion of the material of the base element by means of the bearing element, at least one undercut being formed on the base element by displacing the material of the base element, the undercut preventing or substantially preventing a movement of the bearing element relative to the base element counter to the mounting direction; and cooling the base element and the bearing element. The invention also relates to a corresponding composite component and a vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for producing a composite component having the features of independent claim 1 , a composite component having the features of claim 6 , and a vehicle having the features of claim 10 . Background Art

[0002] In the field of vehicle technology, in particular automotive technology, many parts are subject to strong and / or long-term vibrations and temperature changes during vehicle operation. In particular, this concerns vehicle parts in or near the engine compartment. Vibrations can also be introduced into the vehicle due to the movement of the vehicle on uneven ground. Such vibrations, in particular in composite components consisting of a plurality of interconnected elements, can lead to loose connections between the individual elements, which can ultimately lead to damage or even failure of the parts involved. In particular when bearing elements, such as plain bearing bushings, are used within composite components, it is necessary to ensure that the bearing elements are seated safely and reliably during vehicle operation in order to be able to ensure the proper function of the respective composite component. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is therefore to at least partially overcome at least one of the above-mentioned disadvantages. In particular, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a composite component, by which a simpler and at the same time safe fixing of a bearing element can be achieved, or a composite component in which a simple and at the same time safe fixing of a bearing element is achieved.

[0004] The above-mentioned object is achieved by a method for producing a composite component according to a first aspect of the invention, by a composite component according to a second aspect of the invention, and by a vehicle according to a third aspect of the invention. Further features and details of the invention are derived from the dependent claims, the description and the drawings. Features and details described in conjunction with the method according to the invention are of course also applicable in conjunction with the composite component according to the invention and / or in conjunction with the vehicle according to the invention, so that the disclosures concerning the individual inventive aspects always refer to one another or can refer to one another.

[0005] The above object is achieved by a method according to a first aspect of the invention for producing a composite component, in particular a composite component for a vehicle, the composite component comprising at least one base element and at least one bearing element, wherein the base element comprises at least one recess for at least partially receiving the bearing element, the method comprising:

[0006] - introducing the bearing element into the recess of the base element in the mounting direction, wherein during the introduction of the bearing element into the recess of the base element, the bearing element has an interference fit relative to the recess,

[0007] - heating the bearing element and transferring the thermal energy of the bearing element at least partially to the material of the base element,

[0008] - the bearing element displaces at least a portion of the material of the base element, wherein the displacement of the material of the base element forms at least one undercut on the base element, wherein the undercut prevents or substantially prevents a movement of the bearing element relative to the base element counter to the mounting direction,

[0009] - Cooling of base elements and bearing elements.

[0010] In other words, a method for producing a composite component is provided, wherein the composite component comprises at least one base element and at least one bearing element. Furthermore, the base element comprises at least one recess for at least partially, in particular completely, receiving the bearing element.

[0011] According to the invention, it is provided that the bearing element is at least partially, in particular completely, introduced into the recess of the base element, wherein during the introduction of the bearing element into the recess of the base element, the bearing element has an interference fit relative to the recess. In this case, it can be provided that the bearing element is introduced into the recess such that the bearing element is in contact with the material of the base element at least partially, in particular over the entire circumference.

[0012] Due to the interference of the bearing element with respect to the recess, an interference connection is formed between the bearing element and the base element, wherein during the introduction of the bearing element into the recess, the bearing element is elastically compressed, in particular orthogonally to the installation direction, and the recess is elastically expanded. In other words, the fit between the bearing element and the base element during the introduction of the bearing element into the recess of the base element is formed as an interference fit.

[0013] Furthermore, the bearing element is heated, wherein at least part of the thermal energy of the bearing element is transferred to the material of the base element. Due to the thermal influence, the dimensional stability of the material of the base element is reduced. In other words, the material of the base element is at least partially softened due to the thermal influence.

[0014] The interference fit produced during the introduction of the bearing element into the recess of the base element can be at least partially relieved by the softening of the material of the base element. In particular, the elastically compressed bearing is relieved during the introduction of the base element, so that the bearing element at least partially, in particular over the entire circumference, enters or expands into the material of the base element.

[0015] By the bearing element penetrating into the material of the base element or the bearing element expanding into the material of the base element, at least a portion of the material of the base element is displaced by the bearing element, wherein an undercut is formed on the base element by the displacement of the material of the base element. A movement of the bearing element relative to the base element counter to the installation direction is prevented or substantially prevented by the undercut. In other words, an at least partial form fit is formed between the bearing element and the base element by the undercut, wherein the form fit at least limits or restricts a movement of the bearing element relative to the base element counter to the installation direction or prevents or substantially prevents a movement of the bearing element relative to the base element counter to the installation direction.

[0016] Furthermore, it is provided that the heat supply to the bearing element is terminated so that the bearing element and the base element cool down. The cooling can preferably be effected only by terminating the heat supply so that the bearing element and / or the base element cool down to the ambient temperature. The cooling can also be effected in a reduced temperature atmosphere and / or by using a coolant in order to accelerate the cooling process.

[0017] Preferably, the method substantially includes tolerances arising from manufacturing reasons. In particular, the prevention of a movement of the bearing element in the base element against the installation direction includes a preferably small gap between the bearing element and the base element. Such a gap can be achieved, for example, by cooling the bearing element and / or the base element, wherein the cooling leads to at least partial shrinkage of the relevant elements. Preferably, it is also provided that a movement of the bearing element out of the recess of the base element due to vibrations is prevented. In other words, the movement of the bearing element against the installation direction should be prevented or at least limited, so that an accidental loosening of the bearing element from the recess in the base element is avoided.

[0018] It may be provided that at least individual method steps are carried out at least partially simultaneously.

[0019] The method according to the invention offers the advantage that the bearing element is reliably or substantially prevented from moving in the base element against the installation direction. Thus, during operation of the vehicle, a shifting of the bearing element within the base element or a removal of the bearing element from the base element, in particular due to vibrations and temperature changes, is reliably prevented.

[0020] It can also be advantageously provided within the scope of the invention that the bearing element is heated by induction heating. This allows particularly uniform heating of the bearing element. The uniform heating also ensures that the bearing element expands uniformly or substantially uniformly over the circumference of the bearing element. This supports the secure retention of the bearing element in the base element. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that the bearing element is heated by direct contact of at least one heat source with the bearing element. In other words, the bearing element can be heated by contact of the bearing element with the heat source. The heat source can be designed, for example, as an in particular electrical heating element. This supports a simple and cost-effective implementation of the method.

[0021] In addition, it is conceivable with respect to the present invention that during the heating of the bearing element, the bearing element is at least partially moved relative to the base element, in particular in order to calibrate the position of the bearing element (12) in the base element (11). In particular, this movement can be carried out at least perpendicular to the installation direction. By heating the material of the base element, the shape stability of the material is at least temporarily reduced. This can achieve at least a small movement of the bearing element inside the groove, so that inaccuracies (calibration) with respect to the final positioning of the bearing element inside the base element can be avoided. In particular, in the case of a base element composed of fiber-reinforced plastic, dimensional deviations with respect to the positioning of the groove inside the base element can occur during solidification depending on the fiber orientation. Such deviations directly affect the tolerance chain with respect to the final positioning of the bearing element in the base element. By the movement of the bearing element during the heating of the bearing element, this tolerance chain can be interrupted and a tolerance-reduced positioning of the bearing element inside the base element can be achieved.

[0022] It is furthermore conceivable within the scope of the invention that during heating the bearing element is heated at least partially to at least 65° C., in particular at least 80° C., preferably at least 100° C., particularly preferably at least 120° C. or at least 140° C. In particular, the temperature to which the bearing element is heated can be selected such that at least the softening temperature, in particular the Vicat softening temperature, of the material of the base element is reached at the contact surface between the bearing element and the base element.

[0023] The expansion of the bearing element may preferably include an expansion of the bearing element at least perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly to the mounting direction.

[0024] The above object is also achieved by a composite component according to a second aspect of the invention, in particular a composite component for a vehicle. The composite component comprises at least one base element and at least one bearing element, wherein the base element comprises at least one recess for at least partially receiving the bearing element, wherein the composite component is manufactured according to the method of the first aspect of the invention, in particular according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

[0025] With regard to the composite component according to the invention, the same advantages arise as have already been described with regard to the method according to the invention.

[0026] In the context of the invention, it can preferably be provided that the base element is at least partially or completely made of at least one plastic. The at least one plastic can preferably be a fiber-reinforced plastic. It is particularly preferred to use glass fibers as reinforcing fibers. Alternatively, it can also be provided that steel fibers or carbon fibers are used. By using fiber-reinforced plastics, the stability of the base element can be increased. Alternatively or in addition, the at least one plastic can be designed as a thermoplastic, in particular acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) or polypropylene (PP) or polycarbonate (PC) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) or polycaprolactam (PA6) or polyamide 66 (PA66). By using thermoplastics, the expansion of the bearing element into the base element can be achieved in a particularly simple manner and at relatively low temperatures.

[0027] Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided with respect to the invention that the bearing element is at least partially or completely composed of at least one metal, in particular bronze and / or copper and / or iron and / or steel. The use of bronze or copper has proven to be particularly advantageous. In general, metals have good thermal conductivity, which simplifies uniform heating of the bearing element and efficient heat transfer to the base element. Preferably, the bearing element can be at least partially or completely composed of a sintered material, in particular sintered bronze, sintered iron, graphite bronze or iron bronze.

[0028] It can be provided that at least one bearing element is designed to be rotationally symmetrical. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the center axis of the bearing element is parallel or substantially parallel to the center axis of the recess. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the center axis of the bearing element is coaxial or substantially coaxial to the center axis of the recess.

[0029] In the present case, at least one bearing element can be designed as a bearing bushing, in particular a plain bearing bushing. Additionally or alternatively, at least one base element can be designed as a housing component. In particular, the base element can be designed to at least partially receive the bearing forces of the bearing element. Additionally or alternatively, at least one composite component can be designed as an actuator.

[0030] The above object is also achieved by a vehicle according to a third aspect of the invention, wherein the vehicle comprises at least one composite component according to the second aspect of the invention, in particular according to any one of claims 6 to 9. It can also be provided within the scope of the invention that the vehicle is designed as a passenger car, a truck or a motorcycle. Alternatively, the vehicle can be designed as a commercial vehicle, in particular for agricultural purposes, preferably a tractor or a combine harvester. It is also conceivable that the vehicle is designed as a construction machine, in particular an excavator or a loader. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Further advantages, features and details of the invention are apparent from the following description which describes several exemplary embodiments of the invention in detail with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the claims and the description may be essential to the invention individually or in any combination.

[0032] in,

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating a method;

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing a base element and a bearing element;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a base element and a bearing element;

[0036] Figure 4 showing a schematic diagram of a composite component; and

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a vehicle is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In the figures, the same reference numerals are used for the same technical features even in different exemplary embodiments.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram shows a method 100 for producing a composite component 10 for a vehicle 50, the composite component comprising at least one base element 11 and at least one bearing element 12, wherein the base element 11 comprises at least one recess 13 for at least partially receiving the bearing element 12, the method 100 comprising:

[0040] - introducing 110 the bearing element 12 into the groove 13 of the base element 11 along the mounting direction X, wherein during the introduction 110 of the bearing element 12 into the groove 13 of the base element 11 the bearing element 12 has an interference D relative to the groove 13,

[0041] - heating 120 the bearing element 12 and transferring the thermal energy of the bearing element 12 at least partially to the material M of the base element 11 ,

[0042] - displacing 130 at least a portion of the material M of the base element 11 by the bearing element 12, wherein an undercut 14 is formed on the base element 11 by the displacement of the material M of the base element 11, wherein the undercut 14 prevents or substantially prevents a movement of the bearing element 12 relative to the base element 11 counter to the mounting direction X,

[0043] - Cooling 140 the base element 11 and the bearing element 12 .

[0044] The method 100 is further described in the following figures.

[0045] Figure 2 The schematic diagram shows a base element 11 and a bearing element 12, wherein the bearing element 12 is to be arranged in a recess 13 of the base element 11 for producing the composite component 10. For this purpose, the bearing element 12 is first introduced in the mounting direction X into the recess 13 of the base element 11.

[0046] from Figure 2 It can be seen that the bearing element 12 has an interference D with respect to the groove 13. Therefore, the bearing element 12 is pressed into the groove 13 of the base element 11, so that Figure 3 In the position shown, it is arranged within the recess 13 .

[0047] By pressing the bearing element 12 into the base element 11, stresses are generated in the material M of the base element 11. This applies in particular to regions of the base element 11 which are adjacent or directly adjacent to the bearing element 12. These regions are Figure 3 It is schematically indicated by a dotted line.

[0048] from Figure 3 Starting with the positioning of the bearing element 12 shown in the base element 11, the bearing element 12 is heated. By heating the bearing element 12, the thermal energy of the bearing element 12 is also at least partially transferred to the material M of the base element 11 via the contact surface between the bearing element 12 and the base element 11, thereby reducing the shape stability of the material M of the base element 11 or at least partially softening the material M.

[0049] By softening the material M of the base element 11, the interference fit between the bearing element 11 and the base element 12 is at least partially eliminated. In the process, the bearing element 12 at least partially, in particular completely, enters the material of the base element 11, so that the material M of the base element 11 is at least partially displaced again. Figure 4 As shown in the composite component 10 in FIG. 1 , an undercut 14 is formed on the base element 11 by displacing the material M, wherein the undercut 14 prevents or substantially prevents a movement of the bearing element 12 relative to the base element 11 counter to the installation direction X.

[0050] The method 100 according to the invention offers the advantage that the bearing element 12 is reliably or substantially prevented from moving in the base element 11 counter to the mounting direction X. Thus, a displacement of the bearing element 12 within the base element 11 or an unintentional removal of the bearing element 12 from the base element 11 , in particular due to vibrations, is avoided.

[0051] During the cooling 140 of the bearing element 12 and / or the base element 11, slight gaps may occur between the bearing element 12 and the base element 11 due to the shrinkage of the bearing element 12. However, these gaps do not prevent the bearing element 12 from being reliably held in the base element 11 by the undercut 14.

[0052] In the present case, the groove 13 and the bearing element 12 are designed to be rotationally symmetrical, wherein the central axis A of the bearing element 12 is arranged coaxially with the central axis A of the groove 13 .

[0053] Figure 5 Also shown is a schematic diagram of a vehicle 50 , wherein the vehicle 50 comprises a composite component 10 according to the second aspect of the invention.

[0054] Reference numerals list

[0055] 10 Composite parts

[0056] 11 Basic components

[0057] 12 Bearing elements

[0058] 13 grooves

[0059] 14 side concave part

[0060] 50 vehicles

[0061] 100 Methods

[0062] 110 Introduction

[0063] 120 Heating

[0064] 130 Exclusion

[0065] 140 Cooling

[0066] ACentral axis

[0067] D Interference

[0068] M Material

[0069] X installation direction

Claims

1. A method (100) for producing a composite component (10) for a vehicle (50), the composite component comprising at least one base element (11) and at least one bearing element (12), wherein: The base element (11) comprises at least one recess (13) for at least partially receiving the bearing element (12), the method (100) comprising: - introducing (110) the bearing element (12) into the recess (13) of the base element (11) along the mounting direction (X), wherein during the introduction (110) of the bearing element (12) into the recess (13) of the base element (11), the bearing element (12) has an interference (D) relative to the recess (13); - heating (120) the bearing element (12) and transferring the thermal energy of the bearing element (12) at least partially to the material (M) of the base element (11); - displacing (130) at least a portion of the material (M) of the base element (11) by the bearing element (12), wherein by displacing the material (M) of the base element (11), at least one undercut (14) is formed on the base element (11), wherein the undercut (14) prevents or substantially prevents a movement of the bearing element (12) relative to the base element (11) counter to the installation direction (X); - Cooling (140) the base element (11) and the bearing element (12).

2. The method (100) according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The heating (120) of the bearing element (12) is performed by induction heating.

3. The method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, It is characterized in that During the heating (120) of the bearing element (12), the bearing element (12) is at least partially moved relative to the base element (11) in order to calibrate the position of the bearing element (12) in the base element (11).

4. The method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, It is characterized in that During the heating (120), the bearing element (12) is heated at least in regions to at least 65°C, in particular at least 80°C, preferably at least 90°C, particularly preferably at least 100°C.

5. A composite component (10) for a vehicle (50), comprising at least one base element (11) and at least one bearing element (12), wherein: The base element (11) comprises at least one recess (13) for at least partially receiving a bearing element (12), wherein the composite component (10) is produced according to the method (100) according to one of the preceding claims.

6. The composite component (10) according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The base element (11) is formed at least partially from a thermoplastic, in particular a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic.

7. The composite component (10) according to claim 5 or 6, It is characterized in that The bearing element (12) consists at least partially of metal, in particular bronze or copper.

8. The composite component (10) according to any one of claims 5 to 7, It is characterized in that The composite component (10) is designed as an actuator and / or the bearing element (12) is designed as a bearing bushing, in particular a plain bearing bushing.

9. Vehicle (50) comprising at least one composite component (10) according to one of claims 5 to 8.

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