Frame structure of excavator

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of excavators, in particular to a frame structure of an excavator, which comprises a cab frame, inner extension plates arranged on two sides of the front of the cab frame, convex beams arranged on the surfaces of the inner extension plates, an upper groove and a lower groove arranged on the front surface of the cab frame, and a guide cylinder arranged in the upper groove. A vertical plate is arranged on the lower surface of the cab frame, a first through hole is formed in the surface of the vertical plate, a protruding plate is arranged in the cab frame, a lifting plate is arranged above the protruding plate, a limiting rod is fixed to the lower surface of the lifting plate, an inner spring sleeves the limiting rod, and a skylight is arranged above the cab frame. The upper end of the front glass is connected with an upper connecting plate; the cab skylight has the beneficial effects that the glass in front of a cab can be rapidly disassembled and assembled, the working efficiency is greatly improved, the safety of the cab skylight is improved through the bearing plate, the grid plate, the bottom cylinder, the buffer spring and the guide column, and better protection is provided for operators.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of excavators, and in particular to a frame structure of an excavator. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of engineering technology, excavators, as important engineering machinery, play a vital role in various construction projects.

[0003] The cab frame design of traditional excavators is often complicated, especially the installation and removal process of the glass in front of the cab is cumbersome, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but may also cause damage to the glass during operation, increasing maintenance costs. At the same time, since excavators are often involved in projects such as landslide rescue and construction projects, excavators are prone to the threat of falling objects from high altitudes. The skylight design above the cab lacks the necessary buffer protection structure, which reduces the safety of the cab.

[0004] To this end, the present invention proposes a frame structure of an excavator to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a frame structure of an excavator to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a frame structure of an excavator, the frame structure of the excavator comprising: a cab frame, inner extension plates are arranged on both sides of the front of the cab frame, convex beams are arranged on the surface of the inner extension plates, an upper groove and a lower groove are opened on the front surface of the cab frame, a guide cylinder is arranged in the upper groove, a vertical plate is arranged on the lower surface of the cab frame, a first through hole is opened on the surface of the vertical plate, a convex plate is arranged inside the cab frame, a lifting plate is arranged above the convex plate, a limit rod is fixed on the lower surface of the lifting plate, an inner spring is sleeved on the limit rod, and a skylight is arranged above the cab frame;

[0007] The front glass, the upper end of the front glass is connected to an upper connecting plate, a top plate is fixed above the upper connecting plate, the lower end of the front glass is connected to a lower connecting plate, a bottom plate is fixed below the lower connecting plate, and both sides of the front glass are connected to side plates, and grooves are opened on the surfaces of the side plates;

[0008] The load-bearing plate is arranged above the cab frame, a grid plate is arranged on the inner side of the load-bearing plate, bottom cylinders are arranged at the four ends of the lower surface of the load-bearing plate, and a buffer spring is arranged below the bottom cylinder.

[0009] Preferably, the cab frame is installed on the excavator body, and two groups of guide plates are fixed on the surface of the excavator body. The two groups of guide plates are located directly in front of the cab frame. The two groups of guide plates are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the cab frame. Rolling grooves are opened on the surface of the guide plates, and the front end of the guide plates is chamfered.

[0010] Preferably, two groups of balls are provided at the bottom of the bottom plate, and the balls can be embedded in the rolling grooves and roll. The bottom plate is inserted into the lower groove, and guide holes are opened on the surface of the top plate. There are two groups of guide holes and they are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the top plate. There are two groups of guide tubes, which are inserted into the guide holes and extend from the surface of the top plate, and the top plate is inserted into the upper groove.

[0011] Preferably, a lock cylinder is provided on the guide cylinder, and an inner rod is provided inside the lock cylinder. The inner rod enters the guide cylinder and is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the guide cylinder. A tightening ring is rotatably provided on the outer side of the bottom of the lock cylinder. The tightening ring contacts and tightens against the surface of the top plate, and the outer surface of the lock cylinder is provided with anti-slip patterns.

[0012] Preferably, two groups of locking blocks are fixed on the side of the lower connecting plate facing the cab frame, the locking blocks enter the interior of the cab frame, a second through hole is provided on the surface of the locking block, the locking blocks enter the inner sides of the two groups of vertical plates, the outer walls on both sides of the locking block are slidably connected to the outer walls of the two groups of vertical plates respectively, a first through hole is provided on the surface of the vertical plate, the first through hole and the second through hole correspond to each other, threaded rods are provided in the first through hole and the second through hole, nuts are tightened on both ends of the threaded rods, diagonal bracing beams are provided on both sides of the vertical plates, one end of the diagonal bracing beam is fixedly connected to the cab frame, and the other end of the diagonal bracing beam is fixedly connected to the vertical plate.

[0013] Preferably, the inner extension plate is fixed on the inner side of the cab frame, the convex beam is located on the center line of the surface of the inner extension plate, the surface of the inner extension plate is covered with a first sealing gasket and a second sealing gasket, the second sealing gasket and the second sealing gasket are respectively located on both sides of the inner extension plate, the groove is located on the center line of the side plate, the convex beam is inserted into the groove, and the first sealing gasket and the second sealing gasket are both in contact with and tightly pressed against the surface of the side plate.

[0014] Preferably, the upper connecting plate extends toward one side of the cab frame to the inside of the cab frame, and two groups of limiting holes are provided on the surface of the upper connecting plate. The convex plate is in the shape of a square plate, and two groups of convex plates are provided. The two groups of convex plates are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the cab frame, and the convex plate is located directly above the upper connecting plate. The convex plate and the limiting rod are slidably connected, and the limiting rod can be inserted into the limiting hole. The inner spring is located between the lifting plate and the convex plate, one end of the inner spring is fixedly connected to the convex plate, and the other end of the inner spring is fixedly connected to the lifting plate. Two groups of sliding blocks are fixed on one side of the lifting plate, and two groups of sliding grooves are provided inside the cab frame, and the sliding blocks and the sliding grooves are slidably connected. Two groups of lower extending rods are fixed on the other side of the lifting plate, and the lower extending rods are "L"-shaped. Grip rods are fixed to the inner sides of the two groups of lower extending rods, and rubber rings are fixed to the surfaces of the grip rods, and the grip rods are lower than the lifting plate.

[0015] Preferably, four groups of evenly distributed guide columns are fixed to the upper surface of the cab frame, the guide columns and the bottom tube are slidably connected, an outer ring is fixed at the upper end of the guide column, an inner cavity is opened inside the bottom tube, the outer wall of the outer ring and the inner wall of the inner cavity are slidably connected, and the cross-sectional diameter of the outer ring is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the guide column.

[0016] Preferably, the buffer spring is sleeved on the guide column, the buffer spring is located between the bottom cylinder and the cab frame, one end of the buffer spring is fixedly connected to the cab frame, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the bottom cylinder.

[0017] Preferably, the grid plate is composed of a plurality of transverse round steels and longitudinal round steels to form a plurality of square grooves distributed in a matrix shape. The grid plate is connected to the load-bearing plate by welding. The grid plate is located directly above the skylight. A transverse plate is fixed between two adjacent bottom tubes. The cross-section of the transverse plate is square. The transverse plate is located below the load-bearing plate.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The frame structure of the excavator proposed in the present invention enables the glass in front of the cab to be quickly disassembled and installed, greatly improving work efficiency. The load-bearing plate, grid plate, bottom cylinder, buffer spring and guide column are used to improve the safety of the cab skylight, providing better protection for the operator. This avoids the following problems: the cab frame design of traditional excavators is often more complicated, especially the installation and removal process of the glass in front of the cab is cumbersome, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but may also cause damage to the glass during operation, increasing maintenance costs. At the same time, since excavators are often involved in projects such as landslide rescue and construction engineering, excavators are easily threatened by falling objects from high altitudes, and the skylight design above the cab lacks the necessary buffer protection structure, which reduces the safety of the cab. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention after the front glass is installed;

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of the structure at center;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cab frame structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of the structure at B in the middle;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the grid plate structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the bottom tube of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the top plate structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the locking block structure of the present invention;

[0028] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting plate structure of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after the locking block and the vertical plate of the present invention are connected;

[0030] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slider of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the lock cylinder structure of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: 1, load-bearing plate; 2, buffer spring; 3, skylight; 4, cab frame; 5, excavator body; 6, slide groove; 7, side plate; 8, rolling groove; 9, bottom plate; 10, lower connecting plate; 11, guide plate; 12, front glass; 13, top plate; 14, cross plate; 15, bottom cylinder; 16, grid plate; 17, lock cylinder; 18, anti-slip pattern; 19, tightening ring; 20, upper connecting plate; 21, guide cylinder; 22, lower groove; 23, upper groove;

[0033] 24, inner extension plate; 25, convex beam; 26, first sealing gasket; 27, second sealing gasket; 28, vertical plate; 29, first through hole; 30, diagonal support beam; 31, guide column; 32, outer ring; 33, inner cavity; 34, guide hole; 35, ball bearing; 36, locking block; 37, second through hole; 38, groove; 39, limit hole; 40, lifting plate;

[0034] 41. Limit rod; 42. Grip rod; 43. Rubber ring; 44. Lower extension rod; 45. Convex plate; 46. Inner spring;

[0035] 47. Nut; 48. Threaded rod; 49. Slider; 50. Inner rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the present invention clearly and completely described, and the advantages more clearly understood, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments, and are only used to explain the embodiments of the present invention, and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 12 The present invention provides a technical solution: a frame structure of an excavator, the frame structure of the excavator comprising: a cab frame 4, inner extension plates 24 are arranged on both sides of the front of the cab frame 4, convex beams 25 are arranged on the surface of the inner extension plates 24, an upper groove 23 and a lower groove 22 are opened on the front surface of the cab frame 4, a guide cylinder 21 is arranged in the upper groove 23, a vertical plate 28 is arranged on the lower surface of the cab frame 4, a first through hole 29 is opened on the surface of the vertical plate 28, a convex plate 45 is arranged inside the cab frame 4, a lifting plate 40 is arranged above the convex plate 45, a limiting rod 41 is fixed on the lower surface of the lifting plate 40, an inner spring 46 is sleeved on the limiting rod 41, and a skylight 3 is arranged above the cab frame 4;

[0038] The front glass 12, the upper end of the front glass 12 is connected to the upper connecting plate 20, the top plate 13 is fixed above the upper connecting plate 20, the lower end of the front glass 12 is connected to the lower connecting plate 10, the bottom plate 9 is fixed below the lower connecting plate 10, the two sides of the front glass 12 are connected to the side plates 7, and the surface of the side plates 7 is provided with grooves 38;

[0039] The load-bearing plate 1 is arranged above the cab frame 4, a mesh plate 16 is arranged on the inner side of the load-bearing plate 1, bottom cylinders 15 are arranged at four ends of the lower surface of the load-bearing plate 1, and a buffer spring 2 is arranged below the bottom cylinder 15;

[0040] When in use, the device of the present invention enables the glass in front of the cab to be quickly disassembled and installed, greatly improving work efficiency. The load-bearing plate 1, the grid plate 16, the bottom tube 15, the buffer spring 2 and the guide column 31 are used to improve the safety of the cab skylight 3, providing better protection for the operator.

[0041] Embodiment 2: On the basis of embodiment 1, the cab frame 4 is installed on the excavator body 5, and two groups of guide plates 11 are fixed on the surface of the excavator body 5. The two groups of guide plates 11 are located right in front of the cab frame 4, and the two groups of guide plates 11 are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the cab frame 4. The surface of the guide plate 11 is provided with a rolling groove 8, and the front end of the guide plate 11 is chamfered. Two groups of balls 35 are provided at the bottom of the bottom plate 9, and the balls 35 can be embedded in the rolling groove 8 and roll. The bottom plate 9 is inserted into the lower groove 22, and the surface of the top plate 13 is provided with a guide hole 34. The guide hole 34 is provided with two groups and is symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the top plate 13. There are two groups of guide tubes 21, and the guide tubes 21 are inserted into the guide holes 34 and extend from the surface of the top plate 13, and the top plate 13 is inserted into the upper groove 23;

[0042] When in use, the front glass 12 is connected to the cab frame 4 through the upper connecting plate 20 and the lower connecting plate 10, wherein a top plate 13 is fixed above the upper connecting plate 20, and a bottom plate 9 is fixed below the lower connecting plate 10, and the top plate 13 and the bottom plate 9 can be respectively inserted into the upper groove 23 and the lower groove 22 of the front surface of the cab frame 4 to achieve a stable connection, and two groups of balls 35 are provided at the bottom of the bottom plate 9, and the balls 35 can be embedded in the rolling groove 8 of the guide plate 11 on the surface of the excavator body 5 and roll. In this way, when installing and removing the front glass 12, the bottom plate 9 can be conveniently pushed in and pulled out by the rolling action of the balls 35, thereby realizing the rapid installation and removal of the front glass 12. When all the limit stops are released, the front glass 12 can be detached from the cab frame 4 by pushing the front glass 12 outward, and the balls 35 will roll in the rolling groove 8 accordingly, and the front glass 12 is supported and guided;

[0043] The guide cylinder 21 is provided with a lock cylinder 17, and an inner rod 50 is provided inside the lock cylinder 17. The inner rod 50 enters the guide cylinder 21 and is threadedly connected with the inner wall of the guide cylinder 21. A tightening ring piece 19 is rotatably provided on the outer side of the bottom of the lock cylinder 17. The tightening ring piece 19 contacts and tightens with the surface of the top plate 13. The outer surface of the lock cylinder 17 is provided with anti-slip patterns 18.

[0044] When in use, after the ball 35 is embedded in the rolling groove 8 of the guide plate 11 and rolled and pushed, the pre-positioning is achieved. With the continuous pushing, the guide cylinder 21 is correspondingly inserted into the guide hole 34. By extending the inner rod 50 in the lock cylinder 17 into the guide cylinder 21 and rotating it, the lock cylinder 17 can be locked on the guide cylinder 21. The abutting ring piece will be pressed against the top plate 13, increasing the effective area of ​​the lock cylinder 17 and the top plate 13. The anti-slip grooves 18 provided can increase friction and improve the stability of operation. When the limit needs to be released, the lock cylinder 17 needs to be rotated in the opposite direction to remove the inner rod 50 from the guide cylinder 21.

[0045] Two groups of locking blocks 36 are fixed on the side of the lower connecting plate 10 facing the cab frame 4. The locking blocks 36 enter the interior of the cab frame 4. The surface of the locking blocks 36 is provided with second through holes 37. The locking blocks 36 enter the inner sides of the two groups of vertical plates 28. The outer walls on both sides of the locking blocks 36 are respectively slidably connected with the outer walls of the two groups of vertical plates 28. The surface of the vertical plates 28 is provided with first through holes 29. The first through holes 29 and the second through holes 37 correspond to each other. Threaded rods 48 are provided in the first through holes 29 and the second through holes 37. Nuts 47 are screwed on both ends of the threaded rods 48. Diagonal bracing beams 30 are provided on both sides of the vertical plates 28. One end of the diagonal bracing beam 30 is fixedly connected to the cab frame 4, and the other end of the diagonal bracing beam 30 is fixedly connected to the vertical plates 28.

[0046] When in use, after the bottom plate 9 is inserted into the lower groove 22, the locking block 36 on the lower connecting plate 10 will enter between the two sets of vertical plates 28. By installing the threaded rod 48 in the first through hole 29 and the second through hole 37 and tightening the nuts 47 at both ends of the threaded rod 48, the bottom plate 9 is limited, and the stability of the front glass 12 is improved. When the connection needs to be released, the nuts 47 on both sides are removed and the threaded rod 48 is pulled out, which is easy to operate.

[0047] Embodiment 3: On the basis of Embodiment 2, the inner extension plate 24 is fixed to the inner side of the cab frame 4, the convex beam 25 is located on the center line of the surface of the inner extension plate 24, the surface of the inner extension plate 24 is provided with a first sealing gasket 26 and a second sealing gasket 27, the second sealing gasket 27 and the second sealing gasket 27 are respectively located on both sides of the inner extension plate 24, the groove 38 is located on the center line of the side plate 7, the convex beam 25 is inserted into the groove 38, and the first sealing gasket 26 and the second sealing gasket 27 are both in contact with and tightly pressed against the surface of the side plate 7;

[0048] When in use, the groove 38 on the surface of the side plate 7 cooperates with the convex beam 25 on the surface of the inner extension plate 24. At the same time, the addition of the first sealing gasket 26 and the second sealing gasket 27 ensures the sealing of the front glass 12 and the cab frame 4 after installation, effectively preventing dust, water and other debris from entering the cab, while enhancing the strength and stability of the frame;

[0049] The upper connecting plate 20 extends toward one side of the cab frame 4 to the inside of the cab frame 4. Two groups of limiting holes 39 are opened on the surface of the upper connecting plate 20. The convex plate 45 is in the shape of a square plate. The convex plate 45 is provided with two groups. The two groups of convex plates 45 are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the cab frame 4. The convex plate 45 is located directly above the upper connecting plate 20. The convex plate 45 and the limiting rod 41 are slidably connected. The limiting rod 41 can be inserted into the limiting hole 39. The inner spring 46 is located between the lifting plate 40 and the convex plate 45. The inner spring One end of the spring 46 is fixedly connected to the convex plate 45, and the other end of the inner spring 46 is fixedly connected to the lifting plate 40. Two groups of sliders 49 are fixed to one side of the lifting plate 40. Two groups of slide grooves 6 are provided inside the cab frame 4. The sliders 49 and the slide grooves 6 are slidably connected. Two groups of lower extension rods 44 are fixed to the other side of the lifting plate 40. The lower extension rods 44 are "L" shaped. Grip rods 42 are fixed to the inner sides of the two groups of lower extension rods 44. A rubber ring 43 is fixed to the surface of the grip rods 42. The grip rods 42 are lower than the lifting plate 40.

[0050] When in use, before docking the guide cylinder 21 and the top plate 13, it is necessary to manually hold the rod and push it upward to drive the lifting plate 40 and the limiting rod 41 to move upward, so that the end of the limiting rod 41 moves into the convex plate 45 and maintains the state of the limiting rod 41 at this time. At this time, the inner spring 46 is stretched and stores elastic potential energy. After the docking of the guide cylinder 21 and the top plate 13, the upper connecting plate 20 set will extend into the interior of the cab frame 4. When the top plate 13 is inserted into the upper groove 23 and the bottom plate 9 is inserted into the lower groove 22, the upper connecting plate 20 will move to the bottom of the convex plate 45, and the limiting rod 41 will be positioned Just above the limiting hole 39, at this time, the pushing force on the gripping rod 42 is cancelled, and under the rebound action of the inner spring 46, the limiting rod 41 will automatically insert into the limiting hole 39, further realizing the limiting of the front glass 12 and improving the stability of the front glass 12. While the lifting plate 40 moves, the provided slider 49 will synchronously slide in the slide groove 6 to provide guidance and support for the movement of the lifting plate 40. The provided rubber ring 43 can provide buffering to improve the stability when pushing the gripping rod 42. When the limiting needs to be released, it is only necessary to push the gripping rod 42 to pull the limiting rod 41 out of the limiting hole 39.

[0051] Embodiment 4: Based on Embodiment 3, four groups of evenly distributed guide posts 31 are fixed on the upper surface of the cab frame 4, the guide posts 31 and the bottom cylinder 15 are slidably connected, an outer ring 32 is fixed at the upper end of the guide post 31, an inner cavity 33 is opened inside the bottom cylinder 15, the outer wall of the outer ring 32 and the inner wall of the inner cavity 33 are slidably connected, and the cross-sectional diameter of the outer ring 32 is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the guide post 31;

[0052] When in use, when the load-bearing plate 1 and the grid plate 16 are impacted from above, the outer ring 32 will slide in the inner cavity 33, and the guide column 31 will be slidably connected to the bottom cylinder 15, which is conducive to transmitting the impact force to the buffer spring 2. At the same time, the outer ring 32 can prevent the guide column 31 from being directly withdrawn from the bottom cylinder 15.

[0053] The buffer spring 2 is sleeved on the guide column 31. The buffer spring 2 is located between the bottom cylinder 15 and the cab frame 4. One end of the buffer spring 2 is fixedly connected to the cab frame 4, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the bottom cylinder 15. The grid plate 16 is composed of a plurality of transverse round steels and longitudinal round steels and forms a plurality of square grooves distributed in a matrix. The grid plate 16 is connected to the load-bearing plate 1 by welding. The grid plate 16 is located directly above the skylight 3. A transverse plate 14 is fixed between two adjacent bottom cylinders 15. The cross section of the transverse plate 14 is square. The transverse plate 14 is located below the load-bearing plate 1.

[0054] When in use, the grid plate 16 is used to increase the strength and stability of the load-bearing plate 1. Bottom tubes 15 are provided at the four ends of the lower surface of the load-bearing plate 1, and buffer springs 2 are provided under the bottom tubes 15. When falling objects from high altitude hit the skylight 3, the buffer springs 2 can absorb part of the impact force, thereby protecting the operator in the cab from injury. At the same time, through the square groove, the operator can conduct a certain amount of upper observation. By welding the cross plate 14 between the bottom tubes 15, the stability of the connection of the bottom tubes 15 is improved, and effective transmission of the impact is achieved.

[0055] In actual use, the frame structure of the excavator proposed by the present invention enables the glass in front of the cab to be quickly disassembled and installed, greatly improving work efficiency. The load-bearing plate 1, mesh plate 16, bottom cylinder 15, buffer spring 2 and guide column 31 are used to improve the safety of the cab skylight 3, providing better protection for the operator. This avoids the following problems: the design of the cab frame 4 of a traditional excavator is often more complicated, especially the installation and disassembly process of the glass in front of the cab is cumbersome, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but may also cause damage to the glass during operation, increasing maintenance costs. At the same time, since excavators are often involved in projects such as landslide rescue and construction engineering, excavators are easily threatened by falling objects from high altitudes, and the design of the skylight 3 above the cab lacks the necessary buffer protection structure, which reduces the safety of the cab.

[0056] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A frame structure of an excavator, characterized in that: The frame structure of the excavator comprises: a cab frame (4), inner extension plates (24) are arranged on both sides of the front of the cab frame (4), a convex beam (25) is arranged on the surface of the inner extension plate (24), an upper groove (23) and a lower groove (22) are opened on the front surface of the cab frame (4), a guide cylinder (21) is arranged in the upper groove (23), a vertical plate (28) is arranged on the lower surface of the cab frame (4), a first through hole (29) is opened on the surface of the vertical plate (28), a convex plate (45) is arranged inside the cab frame (4), a lifting plate (40) is arranged above the convex plate (45), a limiting rod (41) is fixed on the lower surface of the lifting plate (40), an inner spring (46) is sleeved on the limiting rod (41), and a skylight (3) is arranged above the cab frame (4); A front glass (12), wherein the upper end of the front glass (12) is connected to an upper connecting plate (20), a top plate (13) is fixed above the upper connecting plate (20), the lower end of the front glass (12) is connected to a lower connecting plate (10), a bottom plate (9) is fixed below the lower connecting plate (10), and side plates (7) are connected to both sides of the front glass (12), and grooves (38) are provided on the surfaces of the side plates (7); A load-bearing plate (1) is arranged above a cab frame (4), a mesh plate (16) is arranged on the inner side of the load-bearing plate (1), a bottom tube (15) is arranged at four ends of the lower surface of the load-bearing plate (1), and a buffer spring (2) is arranged below the bottom tube (15).

2. The frame structure of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cab frame (4) is mounted on an excavator body (5), and two groups of guide plates (11) are fixed on the surface of the excavator body (5). The two groups of guide plates (11) are located directly in front of the cab frame (4), and the two groups of guide plates (11) are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the cab frame (4). Rolling grooves (8) are provided on the surfaces of the guide plates (11), and the front ends of the guide plates (11) are chamfered.

3. The frame structure of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two groups of balls (35) are provided at the bottom of the bottom plate (9), and the balls (35) can be embedded in the rolling groove (8) and roll. The bottom plate (9) is inserted into the lower groove (22). The surface of the top plate (13) is provided with guide holes (34). The guide holes (34) are provided with two groups and are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the top plate (13). Two groups of guide tubes (21) are provided. The guide tubes (21) are inserted into the guide holes (34) and extend from the surface of the top plate (13). The top plate (13) is inserted into the upper groove (23).

4. The frame structure of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide cylinder (21) is provided with a lock cylinder (17), an inner rod (50) is provided inside the lock cylinder (17), the inner rod (50) enters the guide cylinder (21) and is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the guide cylinder (21), a tightening ring piece (19) is rotatably provided on the outer side of the bottom of the lock cylinder (17), the tightening ring piece (19) contacts and tightens against the surface of the top plate (13), and an anti-slip pattern (18) is provided on the outer surface of the lock cylinder (17).

5. The frame structure of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two groups of locking blocks (36) are fixed on one surface of the lower connecting plate (10) facing the cab frame (4). The locking blocks (36) enter the interior of the cab frame (4). A second through hole (37) is provided on the surface of the locking blocks (36). The locking blocks (36) enter the inner side of the two groups of vertical plates (28). The outer walls on both sides of the locking blocks (36) are slidably connected to the outer walls of the two groups of vertical plates (28). A first through hole (29) is provided on the surface of the vertical plate (28). The first through hole (29) corresponds to the second through hole (37). Threaded rods (48) are provided in the first through hole (29) and the second through hole (37). Nuts (47) are screwed on both ends of the threaded rods (48). Diagonal bracing beams (30) are provided on both sides of the vertical plate (28). One end of the diagonal bracing beam (30) is fixedly connected to the cab frame (4), and the other end of the diagonal bracing beam (30) is fixedly connected to the vertical plate (28).

6. The frame structure of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner extension plate (24) is fixed on the inner side of the cab frame (4), the convex beam (25) is located on the center line of the surface of the inner extension plate (24), the surface of the inner extension plate (24) is paved with a first sealing gasket (26) and a second sealing gasket (27), the second sealing gasket (27) and the second sealing gasket (27) are respectively located on both sides of the inner extension plate (24), the groove (38) is located on the center line of the side plate (7), the convex beam (25) is inserted into the groove (38), and the first sealing gasket (26) and the second sealing gasket (27) are both in contact with and tightly pressed against the surface of the side plate (7).

7. The frame structure of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper connecting plate (20) extends toward one side of the cab frame (4) to the inside of the cab frame (4), and two groups of limiting holes (39) are opened on the surface of the upper connecting plate (20). The convex plate (45) is in the shape of a square plate. The convex plate (45) is provided with two groups. The two groups of convex plates (45) are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the cab frame (4). The convex plate (45) is located directly above the upper connecting plate (20). The convex plate (45) and the limiting rod (41) are slidably connected. The limiting rod (41) can be inserted into the limiting hole (39). The inner spring (46) is located between the lifting plate (40) and the convex plate (45). One end of the spring (46) is fixedly connected to the convex plate (45), and the other end of the inner spring (46) is fixedly connected to the lifting plate (40). Two groups of sliders (49) are fixed to one side of the lifting plate (40). Two groups of slide grooves (6) are provided inside the cab frame (4). The sliders (49) and the slide grooves (6) are slidably connected. Two groups of lower extension rods (44) are fixed to the other side of the lifting plate (40). The lower extension rods (44) are in an "L" shape. Grip rods (42) are fixed to the inner sides of the two groups of lower extension rods (44). A rubber ring (43) is fixed to the surface of the grip rods (42). The grip rods (42) are lower than the lifting plate (40).

8. The frame structure of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Four groups of evenly distributed guide posts (31) are fixed on the upper surface of the cab frame (4); the guide posts (31) and the bottom tube (15) are slidably connected; an outer ring (32) is fixed at the upper end of the guide post (31); an inner cavity (33) is provided inside the bottom tube (15); the outer wall of the outer ring (32) and the inner wall of the inner cavity (33) are slidably connected; and the cross-sectional diameter of the outer ring (32) is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the guide post (31).

9. The frame structure of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer spring (2) is sleeved on the guide column (31), the buffer spring (2) is located between the bottom cylinder (15) and the cab frame (4), one end of the buffer spring (2) is fixedly connected to the cab frame (4), and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the bottom cylinder (15).

10. The frame structure of an excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grid plate (16) is composed of a plurality of transverse round steels and longitudinal round steels to form a plurality of square grooves distributed in a matrix shape. The grid plate (16) is connected to the load-bearing plate (1) by welding. The grid plate (16) is located directly above the skylight (3). A transverse plate (14) is fixed between two adjacent bottom tubes (15). The cross section of the transverse plate (14) is square. The transverse plate (14) is located below the load-bearing plate (1).

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