Method for rapidly measuring coordinates of building structure in complex space

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly measuring coordinates of a building structure in a complex space. The method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a rapid measurement system on a measurement site; s2, measuring by using a measuring system; and S3, calculating to obtain coordinates of the measured point. By adopting the method for rapidly measuring the coordinates of the building structure in the complex space, the measurement of a large-size building structure is realized, and the method is particularly suitable for rapidly measuring some building structures with extremely high structural precision requirements in some complex spaces which are large in scale and have many shelters such as scaffolds, reinforcing meshes and the like; the method improves the construction precision of such buildings, and is especially suitable for the rapid measurement of the building structure of a large scientific device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of engineering measurement, and in particular to a method for quickly measuring the coordinates of a building structure in a complex space. Background Art

[0002] Engineering surveying plays an irreplaceable role in all kinds of building construction. Unlike ordinary buildings, the buildings of large scientific facilities often have some building structures with extremely high precision requirements. In order to avoid these precise building structures from being out of tolerance after the building is formed, the coordinates of these precise building structures must be accurately measured during the construction phase.

[0003] Normally, the coordinate measurement of precision building structure molds can be completed by a total station. However, there are often obstructions such as scaffolding and steel mesh at the construction site, making it difficult for the total station to observe the precision building structure and reference points. At present, the measurement of building structures in complex spaces is usually achieved by multiple station transfers of the total station, that is, through multiple station transfers, a broken line from the reference point with known coordinates to the point to be measured is constructed to achieve coordinate measurement. Due to the influence of multiple station transfers and the fact that the total station only has a single-point measurement function, the measurement efficiency of this method is low, which affects the progress of the project.

[0004] Solving the above problems has become a top priority. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for quickly measuring the coordinates of a building structure in a complex space.

[0006] The technical solution is as follows:

[0007] The first aspect of the present application relates to a method for quickly measuring the coordinates of a building structure in a complex space, which is performed according to the following steps:

[0008] S1. Set up a rapid measurement system at the measurement site and follow the steps below:

[0009] S11, performing offline calibration on the multi-camera photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate;

[0010] S12, installing the monocular photogrammetry unit and the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring tooling to form a fixed single-end measurement unit, and calibrating the single-end measurement unit;

[0011] S13. Arrange the total station, multi-eye photogrammetry unit, single-end measurement unit and multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate according to the on-site conditions;

[0012] S14, check whether the multi-eye photogrammetry unit can simultaneously observe the single-end measurement unit and the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate: if yes, proceed to the next step; if no, return to step S13;

[0013] S15, connecting the multi-camera photogrammetry unit and the monocular photogrammetry unit to a synchronization trigger;

[0014] S2. Use the measurement system to measure, follow the steps below:

[0015] S21. Orient the total station;

[0016] S22, obtaining the position and posture of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate, the multi-eye photogrammetry unit and the single-end measurement unit;

[0017] S23, fine-tuning the position and posture of the terminal measurement unit according to the shielding conditions around the measured point;

[0018] S24, synchronously triggering the multi-eye photogrammetry unit and the monocular photogrammetry unit, so as to synchronously obtain the imaging image of the measured point in the monocular photogrammetry unit and the imaging image of the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring tooling and the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate in the multi-eye photogrammetry unit;

[0019] S3. Calculate and obtain the coordinates of the measured point.

[0020] The above method for rapid measurement of building structure coordinates in a complex space has achieved the following technical effects:

[0021] 1. Using the monocular photogrammetry unit as the terminal measurement unit for measuring the measured points can realize simultaneous observation of multiple measured points, thus improving the measurement efficiency.

[0022] 2. The multi-eye photogrammetry unit is used as the transition unit between the total station and the monocular photogrammetry unit. The multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitors the monocular photogrammetry unit in real time to achieve broken line measurement. During on-site measurement, the monocular photogrammetry unit can be moved at any time according to the shielding conditions near the measured point. Then, by synchronously triggering the multi-eye photogrammetry unit and the monocular photogrammetry unit, broken line measurement from the multi-eye photogrammetry unit to the measured point is achieved, further improving the measurement efficiency.

[0023] 3. The association between the total station and the multi-eye photogrammetry unit is realized by monitoring the calibration plate of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit, which expands the measurement range of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit. During on-site measurement, the position of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit can be reasonably planned according to the size of the distribution area of ​​the measured points to realize the measurement of large-scale building structures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the rapid measurement system;

[0025] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-camera photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration board;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the coordination relationship between the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring tooling and the monocular photogrammetry unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings.

[0028] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, a method for quickly measuring the coordinates of a building structure in a complex space is performed in the following steps:

[0029] S1. Build a rapid measurement system at the measurement site. In this embodiment, the rapid measurement system is mainly composed of a situation-based total station 1, a multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2, a single-end measurement unit 3, and a multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4.

[0030] Among them, the total station 1 is a total station type electronic tachometer, which can measure the slant distance, zenith distance (vertical angle), horizontal angle and other data, and obtain the horizontal distance, height difference and coordinates of the point at the same time.

[0031] The multi-eye photography measurement unit 2 is composed of a multi-eye photography tooling 21 and at least two multi-eye photography cameras 22 installed on the multi-eye photography tooling 21. Among them, the multi-eye photography camera 22 preferably adopts a measurement camera, which can perform real-time measurement, requires small imaging distortion, short exposure time, small camera thermal distortion, and isolation of the vibration source from the lens and CCD. In this embodiment, the multi-eye photography camera 22 adopts a camera model I 2900 produced by Beijing Pudadi Technology Co., Ltd.

[0032] The single-end measurement unit 3 is composed of a monocular photogrammetry unit 31 and a monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring tooling 32. The monocular photogrammetry unit 31 uses a camera with higher accuracy than the multi-camera camera 22, and generally cannot perform real-time measurement. In this embodiment, the monocular photogrammetry unit 31 uses a camera model PDDT-M2600-V1 produced by Beijing PDDT Technology Co., Ltd.

[0033] The multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4 is preferably made of carbon fiber material and has a plate-like structure. A plurality of feature points and a target seat 41 for mounting a target ball are arranged on the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4 according to a set rule. Usually, the target ball is mounted at the outer end of the target seat 41. Therefore, the outer end of the target seat 41 is recessed to form a conical pit that matches the target ball, thereby ensuring the reliability of the target ball installation.

[0034] Specifically, step S1 is performed according to the following steps:

[0035] S11, perform offline calibration on the multi-camera photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4, which is performed according to the following steps:

[0036] S111, placing the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4 and a standard ruler of known length on a platform in a constant temperature photogrammetry calibration field.

[0037] S112, placing a set number of target balls at set positions on the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4. In this embodiment, the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4 is a rectangular plate structure, and a target seat 41 is provided at each of the four corners of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4. Therefore, in this embodiment, four 1.5-inch target balls are placed on the corresponding conical pits of the target seats 41.

[0038] S113, using other monocular photogrammetry units 31 that have been calibrated to meet the accuracy standards to photograph the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4 and a standard ruler of known length from multiple angles.

[0039] S114, processing the shooting result of step S113, solving the relative coordinate relationship between the mark points on the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4 and each target ball, that is, solving the relative coordinate relationship between each mark point on the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4 and four 1.5-inch target balls, thereby completing the offline calibration of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4.

[0040] S12, installing the monocular photogrammetry unit 31 and the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring tooling 32 to form a fixed single-end measurement unit 3, and calibrating the single-end measurement unit 3, according to the following steps:

[0041] S121, placing the single-end measurement unit 3 at a set position in the constant temperature photogrammetry calibration field, that is, placing the monocular photogrammetry unit 31 and the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring tooling 32 at set positions in the constant temperature photogrammetry calibration field respectively.

[0042] S122, connecting the single-end measurement unit 3 and the other monocular photogrammetry unit 31 whose accuracy has been calibrated and qualified in step S113 to a synchronization trigger at the same time, wherein the synchronization trigger can trigger the two synchronously.

[0043] S123, using the monocular photogrammetry unit 31 in the single-end measurement unit 3 to photograph the marking points in the constant temperature photogrammetry calibration field, and at the same time, using other monocular photogrammetry units 31 whose accuracy has been calibrated and qualified in step S113 to synchronously photograph the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring tooling 32 and the marking points in the constant temperature photogrammetry calibration field, thereby forming multiple groups of photo pairs.

[0044] S124. Based on each group of photo pairs, the pose relationship of the coordinate system of the monocular photogrammetry unit 31 in the constant temperature photogrammetry calibration field and the pose relationship of the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring fixture 32 in the constant temperature photogrammetry calibration field are calculated, so as to establish the relative pose relationship between the monocular photogrammetry unit 31 and the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring fixture 32, and then complete the calibration of the single terminal measurement unit 3.

[0045] S13. Arrange the total station 1, the multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2, the single-end measurement unit 3 and the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4 according to the on-site conditions.

[0046] S14, check whether the multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2 can simultaneously observe the single-end measurement unit 3 and the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4: if yes, proceed to the next step; if not, return to step S13.

[0047] S15, connecting the multi-camera photogrammetry unit 2 and the monocular photogrammetry unit 31 to a synchronization trigger, so that the two can be synchronously triggered by the synchronization trigger, thereby completing the construction of the rapid measurement system at the measurement site.

[0048] S2. Use the measurement system to measure, follow the steps below:

[0049] S21 , orienting the total station 1 . Specifically, the total station 1 measures the positions of reference points with known coordinates around the building (usually at a location several hundred meters away) to achieve orientation of the total station 1 .

[0050] S22, obtaining the position and posture of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4, the multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2 and the single-end measurement unit 3, according to the following steps:

[0051] S221, facilitating the total station 1 to measure the posture of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4.

[0052] S222, using the multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2 to observe the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4 to calculate and obtain the real-time position and posture of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2.

[0053] S223, using the multi-camera photogrammetry unit 2 to monitor the position and posture of the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring tooling 32 in real time, and combining the calibration result of step S12 to calculate the position and posture of the monocular photogrammetry unit 31.

[0054] S23, fine-tuning the position and posture of the terminal measurement unit 3 according to the shielding conditions around the measured point.

[0055] S24, the synchronization trigger synchronously triggers the multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2 and the monocular photogrammetry unit 31, so as to synchronously obtain the imaging image of the measured point in the monocular photogrammetry unit 31 and the imaging image of the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring tooling 32 and the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4 in the multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2.

[0056] S3. Calculate the coordinates of the measured point and proceed as follows:

[0057] S31, synchronously trigger the multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2 and the monocular photogrammetry unit 31, and synchronously obtain the imaging image of the measured point in the monocular photogrammetry unit 31 and the imaging image of the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring tooling 32 and the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4 in the multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2.

[0058] S32, calculating the coordinates of the measured point in the monocular photogrammetry unit 31, the position and posture of the monocular photogrammetry unit 31 in the coordinate system of the triggered multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2, and the position and posture of the triggered multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2 in the coordinate system of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4.

[0059] S33, based on the calculation result of step S32 and the orientation result of the total station 1 in step S21, calculate the coordinates of the measured point in the coordinate system constructed by the reference point with known coordinates, so as to realize the coordinate measurement of the measured point.

[0060] Therefore, this embodiment combines the total station 1, the multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2, the monocular photogrammetry unit 2 and the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4 to form a new rapid measurement system. The rapid measurement system can reasonably arrange the positions of each unit to form a measurement line from a known coordinate reference point to a measured point, thereby realizing the measurement of building structures in complex spaces.

[0061] In addition, this embodiment forms an organic whole of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2, the monocular photogrammetry unit 31 and the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4 by synchronously triggering the multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2 and the monocular photogrammetry unit 31, thereby effectively reducing the influence of the tiny vibrations of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2 and the monocular photogrammetry unit 31 on the measurement results, thereby improving the measurement accuracy.

[0062] At the same time, this embodiment uses the monocular photogrammetry unit 31 as the terminal measurement sensor, which can realize simultaneous imaging measurement of multiple measured points and improve the measurement efficiency of the system.

[0063] Moreover, this embodiment realizes the association between the total station 1 and the multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2 through the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4. During on-site measurement, the positions of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit 2 and the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate 4 can be reasonably planned according to the size of the distribution area of ​​the measured points, so as to realize the measurement of large-scale building structures. It is particularly suitable for some large-scale and complex spaces with many obstructions such as scaffoldings and steel meshes. It can quickly measure some building structures with extremely high structural accuracy requirements, thereby improving the construction accuracy of such buildings (mainly buildings of large scientific facilities).

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can make various similar expressions without violating the purpose and claims of the present invention, and such changes all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for quickly measuring the coordinates of a building structure in a complex space, characterized in that: Follow these steps: S1. Set up a rapid measurement system at the measurement site and follow the steps below: S11, performing offline calibration on the multi-camera photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate; S12, installing the monocular photogrammetry unit and the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring tooling to form a fixed single-end measurement unit, and calibrating the single-end measurement unit; S13. Arrange the total station, multi-eye photogrammetry unit, single-end measurement unit and multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate according to the on-site conditions; S14, check whether the multi-eye photogrammetry unit can simultaneously observe the single-end measurement unit and the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate: if yes, proceed to the next step; No, return to step S13; S15, connecting the multi-camera photogrammetry unit and the monocular photogrammetry unit to a synchronization trigger; S2. Use the measurement system to measure, follow the steps below: S21. Orient the total station; S22, obtaining the position and posture of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate, the multi-eye photogrammetry unit and the single-end measurement unit; S23, fine-tuning the position and posture of the terminal measurement unit according to the shielding conditions around the measured point; S24, synchronously triggering the multi-eye photogrammetry unit and the monocular photogrammetry unit, so as to synchronously obtain the imaging image of the measured point in the monocular photogrammetry unit and the imaging image of the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring tooling and the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate in the multi-eye photogrammetry unit; S3. Calculate and obtain the coordinates of the measured point.

2. The method for quickly measuring the coordinates of a building structure in a complex space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S11 is performed according to the following steps: S111, placing a multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate and a standard ruler of known length on a platform in a constant temperature photogrammetry calibration field; S112, placing a set number of target balls at set positions on the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate; S113, photographing the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate and the standard ruler of known length from multiple angles by using other monocular photogrammetry units whose accuracy has been calibrated and qualified; S114, processing the shooting result of step S113, solving the relative coordinate relationship between the marking points on the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration board and each target ball, thereby completing the offline calibration of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration board.

3. The method for quickly measuring the coordinates of a building structure in a complex space according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step S12 is performed according to the following steps: S121, installing the monocular photogrammetry unit and the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring tooling to form a fixed single-end measurement unit, and placing it at a set position in a constant temperature photogrammetry calibration field; S122, connecting the single-end measurement unit and other monocular photogrammetry units whose accuracy has been calibrated and qualified in step S113 to the synchronization trigger at the same time; S123, using the monocular photogrammetry unit in the single-end measurement unit to photograph the landmarks in the constant temperature photogrammetry calibration field, and at the same time, using other monocular photogrammetry units that have been calibrated with qualified accuracy in step S113 to synchronously photograph the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring tooling and the landmarks in the constant temperature photogrammetry calibration field, thereby forming multiple sets of photo pairs; S124. Based on each group of photo pairs, the pose relationship of the coordinate system of the monocular photogrammetry unit in the constant temperature photogrammetry calibration field and the pose relationship of the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring fixture in the constant temperature photogrammetry calibration field are calculated, so as to establish a relative pose relationship between the monocular photogrammetry unit and the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring fixture, and then complete the calibration of the single terminal measurement unit.

4. The method for quickly measuring the coordinates of a building structure in a complex space according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S21, the reference points with known coordinates around the building are measured by a total station to achieve orientation of the total station.

5. The method for quickly measuring the coordinates of a building structure in a complex space according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S22 is performed according to the following steps: S221, facilitates the total station to measure the position and posture of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit to monitor the calibration plate; S222, using the multi-eye photogrammetry unit to observe the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate to calculate and obtain the real-time posture of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit; S223, using the multi-camera photogrammetry unit to monitor the position and posture of the monocular photogrammetry unit in real time, and combining the calibration result of step S12 to calculate the position and posture of the monocular photogrammetry unit.

6. The method for quickly measuring the coordinates of a building structure in a complex space according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S3 is performed according to the following steps: S31, synchronously triggering the multi-eye photogrammetry unit and the monocular photogrammetry unit, synchronously acquiring the imaging image of the measured point in the monocular photogrammetry unit and the imaging image of the monocular photogrammetry unit monitoring tooling and the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate in the multi-eye photogrammetry unit; S32, solving the coordinates of the measured point in the monocular photogrammetry unit, the position and posture of the monocular photogrammetry unit in the coordinate system of the triggered multi-eye photogrammetry unit, and the position and posture of the triggered multi-eye photogrammetry unit in the coordinate system of the multi-eye photogrammetry unit monitoring calibration plate; S33, based on the solution result of step S32 and the total station orientation result in step S21, the coordinates of the measured point in the coordinate system constructed by the reference point with known coordinates are solved, so as to realize the coordinate measurement of the measured point.

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