Intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge monitoring, in particular to an intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device which comprises a monitoring base, a supporting mechanism is arranged at the center of the top of the monitoring base, a monitoring top plate is arranged above the supporting mechanism, and a vibration monitoring module is arranged at the top of the supporting mechanism. A distance monitoring module is arranged in the supporting mechanism, an offset monitoring module is arranged on the outer side of the monitoring base, and a protection module is arranged on the outer side of the monitoring base. The vibration sensor, the first infrared distance measuring sensor and the second infrared distance measuring sensor are arranged in the monitoring device, the distance change and the relative position deviation between the bridge support and the bridge deck system are monitored, the vibration condition of the bridge deck system is monitored, the structural health condition of a bridge is comprehensively monitored, and the monitoring efficiency is improved. Therefore, tiny damage and abnormal change of the bridge structure can be found in time, and the bridge accident rate is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge monitoring, and in particular to an intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device and method. Background Art

[0002] Bridge structure health monitoring is based on scientific monitoring theories and methods. It uses various appropriate inspection and monitoring methods to obtain data and conduct real-time monitoring and evaluation of the structural condition of the bridge. The bridge structure monitoring equipment monitors the structural parameters, load parameters and environmental parameters of the bridge, monitors the structural condition of the bridge in real time or regularly, provides a basis for structural health assessment, and analyzes the impact of environmental factors on the health of the bridge structure. The bridge structure health monitoring system uses high-precision sensors to monitor the stress, strain, displacement, vibration and other key parameters of the bridge in real time, and can promptly detect minor damage and abnormal changes in the bridge structure. When the monitoring data exceeds the preset safety threshold or identifies potential structural damage risks, the system will immediately issue an early warning signal to notify bridge management personnel and relevant departments so that timely response measures can be taken to prevent accidents. By long-term monitoring of the structural status and environmental factors of the bridge, the bridge structure health monitoring system can assess the health and safety of the bridge and predict the damage and aging of the bridge, which helps the bridge management department to take maintenance measures in a timely manner and extend the service life of the bridge. At the same time, since the system can detect potential problems in advance, it can reduce the maintenance costs caused by sudden accidents. Bridges that require structural monitoring are generally old bridges that have been in existence for a long time. No corresponding monitoring device installation points were set up in the early stages of bridge construction. Therefore, when designing bridge structure monitoring, it is necessary to add necessary support structures to the bridge supports or monitoring device installation points based on actual conditions to provide a sufficiently stable installation support structure for the monitoring device.

[0003] A bridge displacement monitoring device and a monitoring method for bridge construction are disclosed in a Chinese patent document with announcement number CN118960513A. The bridge displacement monitoring device and the monitoring method for bridge construction include a mounting frame, on which a monitoring mechanism is arranged. In the monitoring mechanism designed by the present invention, a plurality of moving blocks can monitor and process different positions of the bridge through cooperation between a marker pen and a paper tape, so as to increase the monitoring data group, reduce the singleness of the monitoring data, and make the monitoring data more representative; in the bridge displacement monitoring method for bridge construction designed by the present invention, the interference block is made to be a certain distance away from the bottom of the bridge (that is, the safe displacement length), and thus the displacement of this section can offset the displacement of normal shaking of the bridge, thereby avoiding the possibility that the shaking of the bridge under normal displacement is mistaken for abnormal shaking. However, the bridge displacement monitoring device and the monitoring method for bridge construction use distance sensors and cameras to monitor the supporting parts of the bridge in an exposed environment, but airflow, garbage, insects, etc. in the exposed environment are likely to affect the monitoring accuracy of the monitoring equipment.

[0004] A Beidou-based bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device is disclosed in a Chinese patent document with announcement number CN214225433U. The Beidou-based bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device includes a mounting frame and a monitoring center. The mounting frame transmits signals to the monitoring center through an optical cable. Two fixing plates are arranged at the lower end of the top plate. A pressure plate is arranged on the inner side of each fixing plate. The mounting frame is fixed to the bridge surface by twisting the cross head to push the pressure plate. Bolts are then arranged through the mounting holes to lock the pressure plate on the bridge, thereby enhancing the fixing effect of the mounting frame, making it difficult to loosen and avoiding affecting the accuracy of the device data. The energy collection mechanism and the battery power the device, and the collected data signal is transmitted to the monitoring center through the optical cable. The early warning threshold is pre-set in the reference module. When the data received by the monitoring center exceeds a certain dangerous threshold, the processing module will start the early warning module to remind the staff to go and check. However, the Beidou-based bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device mainly uses satellite technology to monitor the bridge from a distance, and the monitoring effect of slight vibration and displacement of the bridge is not strong.

[0005] The existing bridge structure health monitoring and early warning devices can monitor limited bridge parameters, and the monitoring accuracy is easily affected by external factors in an exposed environment.

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is a problem worth studying to provide a fully protected intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device and method. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device and method, which effectively solves the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0008] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: an intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device and method, comprising a monitoring base, a supporting mechanism is arranged at the center of the top of the monitoring base, a monitoring top plate is arranged above the supporting mechanism, a vibration monitoring module is arranged on the top of the supporting mechanism, a distance monitoring module is arranged inside the supporting mechanism, an offset monitoring module is arranged on the outside of the monitoring base, and a protective module is arranged on the outside of the monitoring base.

[0009] The supporting mechanism comprises a telescopic rod fixedly connected to the monitoring base, a compression spring fixedly connected to the inside of the telescopic rod, and a sliding module arranged at the end of the telescopic rod.

[0010] By arranging a telescopic rod with a compression spring above the monitoring base, the length of the telescopic rod can be adjusted according to the distance between the bridge support and the bottom of the bridge deck system. The device can adapt to installation environments at different distances, so that the end of the telescopic rod can remain against the upper monitoring top plate, so that the vibration monitoring module can maintain contact with the monitoring top plate, and the vibration of the bridge deck system can be monitored in real time.

[0011] The sliding module comprises a sliding sleeve fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic rod and a ball rollingly connected to the inside of the sliding sleeve, and the inner diameter of the sliding sleeve is matched with the diameter of the ball.

[0012] By setting a rolling module composed of a sliding sleeve and a ball bearing at the top of the telescopic rod, the top of the telescopic rod and the bottom of the monitoring top plate can roll against each other. When the bridge support and the bridge deck system are offset, the end of the telescopic rod can roll relative to the top of the monitoring top plate to avoid wear caused by mutual friction between the telescopic rod and the monitoring top plate.

[0013] Suction cups are fixedly connected at the bottom center of the monitoring base and the top center of the monitoring top plate, mounting plates are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the monitoring base and the monitoring top plate, the monitoring base is fixedly connected to the bridge support via the mounting plate and bolts, and the monitoring top plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bridge deck via the mounting plate and bolts.

[0014] By arranging suction cups on the monitoring base and the monitoring top plate, the suction cups are used to initially position and fix them during installation, so that subsequent further fixation by bolts and mounting plates is convenient. Arranging a monitoring top plate on the top of the monitoring device can keep the contact surface of the telescopic rod flat, thereby avoiding the uneven ground of the bridge deck system that makes vibration monitoring or offset monitoring inconvenient.

[0015] The vibration monitoring module includes a support plate fixedly connected to the outer side of the top of the sleeve and a vibration sensor fixedly connected to the support plate. The vibration sensors are distributed in a ring shape on the support plate. The top height of the vibration sensors is equal to the top height of the ball bearing, and the sensing end of the vibration sensor faces upward.

[0016] A plurality of vibration sensors are arranged on the outside of the sliding sleeve, which can monitor the vibration of the bridge deck system in real time by monitoring the top plate.

[0017] The distance monitoring module comprises a first infrared distance measuring sensor fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic rod, and the output end of the first infrared distance measuring sensor faces the bottom of the sliding rod of the telescopic rod.

[0018] By arranging a first infrared ranging sensor inside the telescopic rod and measuring the distance between the bottom of the telescopic rod and the sliding rod of the telescopic rod by the first infrared ranging sensor, the distance between the bridge support and the bridge deck system can be measured, thereby realizing monitoring of the distance between the bridge support and the bridge deck system.

[0019] The offset monitoring module includes a second infrared ranging sensor fixedly connected to the outer side of the top of the monitoring base and an annular protrusion fixed to the outer side of the bottom of the monitoring top plate, the sensing end of the second infrared ranging sensor faces the monitoring top plate, the second infrared ranging sensors are distributed in a ring shape on the monitoring base, and the distribution ring diameter of the second infrared ranging sensors is smaller than the diameter of the annular protrusion.

[0020] When the monitoring top plate is significantly offset, the sensing end of the second infrared ranging sensor is aligned with the annular protrusion, and the distance measured by the second infrared ranging sensor suddenly decreases. This indicates that the bridge deck system carrying the monitoring top plate has significantly offset relative to the bridge support. An early warning can be sent to the control terminal, and a response can be made to the bridge deck system offset to improve the safety factor of the bridge.

[0021] The protection module includes a telescopic sleeve fixed to the outer side of the top of the monitoring base, the telescopic sleeve is an elastic telescopic sleeve, the extended length of the telescopic sleeve is adapted to the extended length of the telescopic rod, and the diameter of the elastic telescopic sleeve is larger than the diameter of the monitoring top plate.

[0022] By arranging an elastic telescopic sleeve on the outside of the monitoring base, after the installation of the monitoring base and the monitoring top plate is completed, the telescopic sleeve can extend under its own elastic action to cover and protect the entire monitoring device, reduce the influence of external factors on the monitoring effect of the device, and improve the measurement and monitoring accuracy.

[0023] Both sides of the monitoring base are rotatably connected to limit rods, the ends of the limit rods are bent inwardly, and the length of the limit rods is adapted to the length of the telescopic sleeve in the contracted state.

[0024] By arranging rotating limit rods on both sides of the monitoring base, when debugging the monitoring device or installing the monitoring top plate, the telescopic sleeve is pressed and the limit rod is rotated inward to press the telescopic sleeve in a retracted state to prevent it from automatically extending to block the line of sight and affect the debugging of the monitoring device. After the installation is completed, the limit rod is rotated outward to release the limit state of the telescopic sleeve, so that the telescopic sleeve automatically extends to fully cover the monitoring device for protection.

[0025] An intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Use the suction cup and the mounting plate to install the monitoring base on the bridge support or the extended mounting bracket outside the bridge support, install the monitoring top plate at the bottom of the bridge deck system, and make the top of the telescopic rod rest on the bottom surface of the monitoring top plate, so that the top of the telescopic rod is aligned with the center of the monitoring top plate; Step 2: The vibration sensor is connected to the monitoring top plate to monitor and record the vibration transmitted from the bridge deck to the monitoring top plate, and transmit the monitored vibration information to the control terminal, which analyzes and processes the vibration signal. When the vibration intensity exceeds the rated value, a vibration warning signal is sent to the control personnel; Step 3: The first infrared distance measuring sensor and the second infrared distance measuring sensor monitor the distance change between the monitoring base and the monitoring top plate, and transmit the monitored distance change signal to the control terminal. When the monitored distance signal changes significantly, a distance change warning signal is sent to the control personnel; Step 4: When the distance signal of the first infrared ranging sensor has not changed significantly, but the distance signal of a second infrared ranging sensor suddenly decreases, it means that the sensing end of the second infrared ranging sensor has shifted to align with the annular protrusion, which means that the bridge deck system with the monitoring top plate installed and the bridge support with the monitoring base installed have shifted significantly, and a shift warning signal is sent to the control personnel.

[0026] By setting a vibration sensor, a first infrared ranging sensor and a second infrared ranging sensor in the monitoring device, the distance change and relative position offset between the bridge support and the bridge deck system are monitored, and the vibration of the bridge deck system is monitored, and the structural health of the bridge is comprehensively monitored, so as to timely discover minor damages and abnormal changes in the bridge structure and reduce the bridge accident rate.

[0027] Positive and beneficial effects: 1. The intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device and method, the vibration sensor, the first infrared ranging sensor and the second infrared ranging sensor monitor the distance change and relative position offset between the bridge support and the bridge deck system, and monitor the vibration of the bridge deck system, and comprehensively monitor the structural health of the bridge, so as to timely discover minor damage and abnormal changes in the bridge structure and reduce the bridge accident rate.

[0028] 2. The intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device and method, when the bridge deck system vibrates, the vibration of the vibration sensor is transmitted to the monitoring top plate, and the vibration sensor can monitor the vibration of the bridge deck system in real time through the monitoring top plate. When the vibration of the bridge deck system reaches the early warning value, an early warning reminder is issued to realize the monitoring of the vibration of the bridge structure.

[0029] 3. The intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device and method, after the monitoring base and the monitoring top plate are installed, the telescopic sleeve can be extended under the action of its own elasticity to cover and protect the entire monitoring device, thereby reducing the influence of external factors on the monitoring effect of the device and improving the measurement and monitoring accuracy. When debugging the monitoring device or installing the monitoring top plate, the telescopic sleeve is pressed and the limit rod is turned inward to press the telescopic sleeve in a retracted state to prevent it from automatically extending to block the line of sight and affect the debugging of the monitoring device. After the installation is completed, the limit rod can be turned outward to release the limit state of the telescopic sleeve, so that the telescopic sleeve automatically extends to fully cover the monitoring device for protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in a contracted state; Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention in a contracted state; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in the middle; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at B in the middle; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at C in the middle; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protective filling of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the protection state of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 1-monitoring base, 2-monitoring top plate, 3-telescopic rod, 4-compression spring, 5-sliding sleeve, 6-ball, 7-suction cup, 8-mounting plate, 9-support plate, 10-vibration sensor, 11-first infrared ranging sensor, 12-second infrared ranging sensor, 13-annular protrusion, 14-telescopic sleeve, 15-limiting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Example 1

[0033] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, an intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device and method, which includes a monitoring base 1, a supporting mechanism is arranged at the center of the top of the monitoring base 1, and a monitoring top plate 2 is arranged above the supporting mechanism. It is characterized in that: a vibration monitoring module is arranged on the top of the supporting mechanism, a distance monitoring module is arranged inside the supporting mechanism, an offset monitoring module is arranged on the outside of the monitoring base 1, and a protection module is arranged on the outside of the monitoring base 1.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the supporting mechanism includes a telescopic rod 3 fixedly connected to the monitoring base 1, a compression spring 4 fixedly connected to the inside of the telescopic rod 3 and a sliding module arranged at the end of the telescopic rod 3. By arranging the telescopic rod 3 with the compression spring 4 above the monitoring base 1, the length of the telescopic rod 3 can be adjusted according to the distance between the bridge support and the bottom of the bridge deck system. The device can adapt to installation environments of different distances, so that the end of the telescopic rod 3 is kept against the upper monitoring top plate 2, so that the vibration monitoring module remains in contact with the monitoring top plate 2, and the vibration of the bridge deck system is monitored in real time.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the sliding module includes a sleeve 5 fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic rod 3 and a ball 6 rollingly connected to the inside of the sleeve 5. The inner diameter of the sleeve 5 is adapted to the diameter of the ball 6. By arranging a rolling module that cooperates with the sleeve 5 and the ball 6 at the top of the telescopic rod 3, the top of the telescopic rod 3 and the bottom of the monitoring top plate 2 can roll against each other. When the bridge support and the bridge deck system are offset, the end of the telescopic rod 3 can roll relative to the top of the monitoring top plate 2 to avoid wear caused by mutual friction between the telescopic rod 3 and the monitoring top plate 2.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, suction cups 7 are fixedly connected at the bottom center of the monitoring base 1 and the top center of the monitoring top plate 2, and mounting plates 8 are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the monitoring base 1 and the monitoring top plate 2. The monitoring base 1 is fixedly connected to the bridge support through the mounting plate 8 and bolts, and the monitoring top plate 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bridge deck through the mounting plate 8 and bolts. By arranging suction cups 7 on the monitoring base 1 and the monitoring top plate 2, the suction cups 7 are used to preliminarily position and fix them during installation, so that further fixation by the bolts and the mounting plate 8 is convenient. Arranging the monitoring top plate 2 on the top of the monitoring device can keep the contact surface of the telescopic rod 3 flat, thereby avoiding the uneven ground of the bridge deck system that is inconvenient for vibration monitoring or offset monitoring.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the vibration monitoring module includes a support plate 9 fixedly connected to the outer side of the top of the sliding sleeve 5 and a vibration sensor 10 fixedly connected to the support plate 9. The vibration sensor 10 is distributed in a ring shape on the support plate 9. The top height of the vibration sensor 10 is equal to the top height of the ball 6. The sensing end of the vibration sensor 10 faces upward. By arranging multiple vibration sensors 10 on the outer side of the sliding sleeve 5, the sensing end thereof can abut against the bottom of the monitoring top plate 2. When the bridge deck system vibrates, its vibration is transmitted to the monitoring top plate 2. Then, the vibration sensor 10 can monitor the vibration condition of the bridge deck system in real time through the monitoring top plate 2. When the vibration condition of the bridge deck system reaches the warning value, a warning reminder is issued.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the distance monitoring module includes a first infrared ranging sensor 11 fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic rod 3, and the output end of the first infrared ranging sensor 11 is toward the bottom of the sliding rod of the telescopic rod 3. By arranging the first infrared ranging sensor 11 inside the telescopic rod 3, the first infrared ranging sensor 11 measures the distance between the bottom of the telescopic rod 3 and the sliding rod of the telescopic rod 3, and the distance between the bridge support and the bridge deck system can be measured, thereby realizing the monitoring of the distance between the bridge support and the bridge deck system.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, the offset monitoring module includes a second infrared ranging sensor 12 fixedly connected to the outer side of the top of the monitoring base 1 and an annular protrusion 13 fixed to the outer side of the bottom of the monitoring top plate 2. The sensing end of the second infrared ranging sensor 12 faces the monitoring top plate 2. The second infrared ranging sensor 12 is distributed in an annular shape on the monitoring base 1. The distribution annular diameter of the second infrared ranging sensor 12 is smaller than the diameter of the annular protrusion 13. By arranging the second infrared ranging sensor 12 on the monitoring base 1 and arranging the annular protrusion 13 on the monitoring top plate 2, the second infrared ranging sensor 12 normally measures the distance between the monitoring base 1 and the monitoring top plate 2. The measurement data The data measured by the first infrared ranging sensor 11 can be mutually verified to improve the measurement accuracy of the distance monitoring between the bridge bearing and the bridge deck system. When the bridge deck system is offset relative to the bridge bearing, the bridge deck system and the monitoring top plate 2 are offset together. When the monitoring top plate 2 is offset to a large extent, the sensing end of the second infrared ranging sensor 12 is aligned with the annular protrusion, and the distance measured by the second infrared ranging sensor 12 suddenly decreases, indicating that the bridge deck system carrying the monitoring top plate 2 is offset to a large extent relative to the bridge bearing, and an early warning can be issued to the control terminal, so that the bridge deck system can be responded to in time to improve the safety factor of the bridge.

[0040] An intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Use the suction cup 7 and the mounting plate 8 to respectively mount the monitoring base 1 on the bridge support or the extended mounting bracket outside the bridge support, mount the monitoring top plate 2 on the bottom of the bridge deck system, and make the top of the telescopic rod 3 rest against the bottom surface of the monitoring top plate 2, so that the top of the telescopic rod 3 is aligned with the center of the monitoring top plate 2; Step 2: The vibration sensor 10 is placed against the monitoring top plate 2 to monitor and record the vibration transmitted from the bridge deck to the monitoring top plate 2, and transmit the monitored vibration information to the control terminal, which analyzes and processes the vibration signal. When the vibration intensity exceeds the rated value, a vibration warning signal is sent to the control personnel; Step 3: The first infrared distance measuring sensor 11 and the second infrared distance measuring sensor 12 monitor the distance change between the monitoring base 1 and the monitoring top plate 2, and transmit the monitored distance change signal to the control terminal. When the monitored distance signal changes significantly, a distance change warning signal is sent to the control personnel; Step 4: When the distance signal of the first infrared ranging sensor 11 does not change significantly, but the distance signal of a second infrared ranging sensor 12 suddenly decreases, it means that the sensing end of the second infrared ranging sensor 12 is offset to align with the annular protrusion 13, which means that the bridge deck system on which the monitoring top plate 2 is installed and the bridge support on which the monitoring base 1 is installed have a large offset, and an offset warning signal is sent to the control personnel.

[0041] By arranging a vibration sensor 10, a first infrared ranging sensor 11 and a second infrared ranging sensor 12 in the monitoring device, the distance change and relative position offset between the bridge support and the bridge deck system are monitored, and the vibration of the bridge deck system is monitored, and the structural health of the bridge is comprehensively monitored, so as to timely discover minor damages and abnormal changes in the bridge structure and reduce the bridge accident rate. Example 2

[0042] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the protection module includes a telescopic sleeve 14 fixed to the outer side of the top of the monitoring base 1, the telescopic sleeve 14 is an elastic telescopic sleeve, the extended length of the telescopic sleeve 14 is adapted to the extended length of the telescopic rod 3, the diameter of the elastic telescopic sleeve 14 is larger than the diameter of the monitoring top plate 2, and by arranging the elastic telescopic sleeve 14 on the outer side of the monitoring base 1, after the installation of the monitoring base 1 and the monitoring top plate 2 is completed, the telescopic sleeve 14 can be extended under the action of its own elasticity to cover and protect the entire monitoring device, thereby reducing the influence of external factors on the monitoring effect of the device and improving the measurement and monitoring accuracy.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, both sides of the monitoring base 1 are rotatably connected to the limit rods 15, the ends of the limit rods 15 are bent inwardly, and the length of the limit rods 15 is adapted to the length of the telescopic sleeve 14 in the retracted state. By arranging the rotatable limit rods 15 on both sides of the monitoring base 1, when debugging the monitoring device or installing the monitoring top plate 2, the telescopic sleeve 14 is pressed, and the limit rods 15 are rotated inwardly to press the telescopic sleeve 14 in the retracted state to prevent it from automatically extending to block the line of sight and affect the debugging of the monitoring device. After the installation is completed, the limit rods 15 are rotated outwardly to release the limiting state of the telescopic sleeve 14, so that the telescopic sleeve 14 automatically extends to fully cover the monitoring device for protection.

Claims

1. An intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device, comprising a monitoring base (1), a support mechanism is arranged at the center of the top of the monitoring base (1), and a monitoring top plate (2) is arranged above the support mechanism, characterized in that: The top of the support mechanism is provided with a vibration monitoring module, the interior of the support mechanism is provided with a distance monitoring module, the outer side of the monitoring base (1) is provided with a deviation monitoring module, and the outer side of the monitoring base (1) is provided with a protection module.

2. The intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The support mechanism comprises a telescopic rod (3) fixedly connected to the monitoring base (1), a compression spring (4) fixedly connected to the inside of the telescopic rod (3), and a sliding module arranged at the end of the telescopic rod (3).

3. The intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device according to claim 2 is characterized by: The sliding module comprises a sliding sleeve (5) fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic rod (3) and a ball (6) rollingly connected to the inside of the sliding sleeve (5); the inner diameter of the sliding sleeve (5) is matched to the diameter of the ball (6).

4. The intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1 is characterized by: A suction cup (7) is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the monitoring base (1) and the center of the top of the monitoring top plate (2); mounting plates (8) are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the monitoring base (1) and the monitoring top plate (2); the monitoring base (1) is fixedly connected to the bridge support via the mounting plate (8) and bolts; and the monitoring top plate (2) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bridge deck via the mounting plate (8) and bolts.

5. The intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device according to claim 3 is characterized by: The vibration monitoring module comprises a support plate (9) fixedly connected to the outer side of the top of the sliding sleeve (5) and a vibration sensor (10) fixedly connected to the support plate (9), wherein the vibration sensor (10) is distributed in a ring shape on the support plate (9), the top height of the vibration sensor (10) is equal to the top height of the ball (6), and the sensing end of the vibration sensor (10) faces upward.

6. The intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device according to claim 2 is characterized by: The distance monitoring module comprises a first infrared distance measuring sensor (11) fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic rod (3), wherein the output end of the first infrared distance measuring sensor (11) faces the bottom of the sliding rod of the telescopic rod (3).

7. The intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The deviation monitoring module comprises a second infrared distance measuring sensor (12) fixedly connected to the outer side of the top of the monitoring base (1) and an annular protrusion (13) fixed to the outer side of the bottom of the monitoring top plate (2), the sensing end of the second infrared distance measuring sensor (12) faces the monitoring top plate (2), the second infrared distance measuring sensors (12) are distributed in an annular shape on the monitoring base (1), and the diameter of the distribution ring of the second infrared distance measuring sensors (12) is smaller than the diameter of the annular protrusion (13).

8. The intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The protection module comprises a telescopic sleeve (14) fixed to the outer side of the top of the monitoring base (1); the telescopic sleeve (14) is an elastic telescopic sleeve; the extended length of the telescopic sleeve (14) matches the extended length of the telescopic rod (3); and the diameter of the elastic telescopic sleeve (14) is greater than the diameter of the monitoring top plate (2).

9. The intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning device according to claim 8 is characterized by: Both sides of the monitoring base (1) are rotatably connected to limit rods (15), the ends of the limit rods (15) are bent inwards, and the length of the limit rods (15) is adapted to the length of the telescopic sleeve (14) in the contracted state.

10. An intelligent bridge structure health monitoring and early warning method according to claims 1-9, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Using the suction cup (7) and the mounting plate (8), the monitoring base (1) is mounted on the bridge support or the extended mounting bracket outside the bridge support, the monitoring top plate (2) is mounted on the bottom of the bridge deck system, and the top of the telescopic rod (3) is placed against the bottom surface of the monitoring top plate (2), so that the top of the telescopic rod (3) is aligned with the center of the monitoring top plate (2); Step 2: The vibration sensor (10) is in contact with the monitoring top plate (2), and the vibration transmitted from the bridge deck to the monitoring top plate (2) is monitored and recorded, and the monitored vibration information is transmitted to the control terminal, and the control terminal analyzes and processes the vibration signal. When the vibration intensity exceeds the rated value, a vibration warning signal is sent to the control personnel; Step 3: The first infrared distance measuring sensor (11) and the second infrared distance measuring sensor (12) monitor the distance change between the monitoring base (1) and the monitoring top plate (2), and transmit the monitored distance change signal to the control terminal. When the monitored distance signal changes significantly, a distance change warning signal is sent to the control personnel; Step 4: When the distance signal of the first infrared ranging sensor (11) does not change significantly, while the distance signal of a second infrared ranging sensor (12) suddenly decreases, it means that the sensing end of the second infrared ranging sensor (12) is offset to align with the annular protrusion (13), which means that the bridge deck system on which the monitoring top plate (2) is installed and the bridge support on which the monitoring base (1) is installed have a significant offset, and a deviation warning signal is sent to the control personnel.

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