Feed additive and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a feed additive and application thereof. The additive disclosed by the invention contains three components: gamma-aminobutyric acid, organic selenium and magnesium oxide. Wherein the gamma-aminobutyric acid specificity reduces the overall stress level of the pork pigs, so that more energy is used for body nutrient substance deposition, immune function and the like. Magnesium oxide specifically regulates and controls acid-base balance of gastrointestinal tracts, reduces the muscle stress level, relieves muscle tension, and plays an important role in gastrointestinal tract health and water holding capacity of pork pigs. Selenium is an important element for myoprotein to regulate and control oxidation resistance, and organic selenium plays a key role in color and luster of meat. The three components synergistically and specifically regulate drip loss increase and pale color caused by stress, meanwhile, the growth performance is improved, and death and culling caused by stress are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, and in particular to a feed additive and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In breeding production, methods such as limiting feed intake, adding vitamin E, vitamin C, electrolytes, Chinese herbal medicine and probiotic additives to feed or water are usually used to alleviate problems such as pale pork and water discharge after slaughter. However, the effect is limited. Although these technical solutions can improve the immunity and growth rate of animals to a certain extent, they are not effective in improving the meat quality of pigs under stressful environments. This is mainly because the existing technology does not have a formula designed specifically for the physiological changes caused by stress response. For example, Chinese herbal medicines have complex ingredients, unclear mechanisms of action and long duration of action; although vitamin C and vitamin E have antioxidant effects, they lack specific regulation of stress responses; although electrolytes can maintain fluid balance, they have limited effect on alleviating stress responses; although probiotics can improve intestinal health, they do not improve meat quality problems caused by stress.

[0003] In summary, there is an urgent need to provide a feed additive and its application that can effectively alleviate pig slaughter stress, reduce the death and culling rate, improve pork quality, and enhance pig growth performance. Summary of the invention

[0004] [Technical issues]

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a feed additive and application thereof which can effectively relieve pig slaughter stress, reduce the death and culling rate, improve pork quality, and enhance pig growth performance.

[0006] [Technical solution]

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a feed additive, which contains, by weight, 45-60 parts of magnesium oxide, 0.3-0.6 parts of organic selenium and 5-15 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid.

[0009] In one embodiment, the feed additive contains 50 parts of magnesium oxide, 0.4 parts of organic selenium and 10 parts of γ-aminobutyric acid by weight.

[0010] In one embodiment, the organic selenium includes but is not limited to selenocysteine, selenomethionine, methylselenocysteine, seleno-maltol, selenated glycosides and / or selenium yeast. Optionally, the organic selenium includes selenium yeast.

[0011] In one embodiment, the feed additive contains a carrier, and the carrier includes rice husk and / or wheat bran.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a feed containing the feed additive according to the first aspect.

[0013] The form of the feed is not limited, and can be a common feed preparation form in the art, including but not limited to granular feed, powdered feed, wet mix, puffed feed and / or liquid feed.

[0014] In one embodiment, the amount of the feed additive is not limited, as long as it is an amount that can achieve the effect of the present invention. As an example, it can be 4-6 kg / t feed. It can further be 5 kg / t feed.

[0015] In one embodiment, the feed is obtained by mixing the feed additive described in the first aspect or an additive containing the feed additive described in the first aspect with feed raw materials. The mixing method is not limited, and can be direct mixing, or dissolving the feed additive described in the first aspect or an additive containing the feed additive described in the first aspect in a solvent and then mixing with the feed raw materials.

[0016] In one embodiment, the additive contains probiotics (e.g., enterococci, bacillus, bifidobacterium), antioxidants (e.g., ethoxyquin, butylated hydroxytoluene, etc.), fungicides (e.g., propionic acid, calcium propionate, etc.), binders (e.g., sodium alginate, sodium caseinate, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.), emulsifiers (e.g., fatty acid glycerides, fatty acid sucrose esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, etc.), amino acids (e.g., DL-alanine, L-arginine, L-lysine hydrochloride, DL-methionine, lysine hydrochloride, threonine, etc.), vitamins (e.g., L-ascorbic acid, β-carotene, etc.), minerals (e.g., potassium chloride, ferric citrate, magnesium oxide, etc.), pigments (e.g., astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, etc.), enzymes (e.g., amylase, phytase, lipase, etc.), etc., but are not limited thereto.

[0017] In one embodiment, the feed raw materials are not particularly limited, and can be common raw materials in the art. As examples of selection, optional but not limited include cereals (corn, sorghum, barley, wheat, etc.), dregs (wheat bran, etc.), vegetable oil residues (soybean oil residues, vegetable oil residues, etc.), animal feed (fish meal, bone meal, etc.), salt, oligosaccharides, silicic acid, various vitamins, minerals (calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, etc.), amino acids and organic acids, etc. In addition, commercially available mixed feeds pre-mixed with these raw materials can also be used.

[0018] In a third aspect, the present invention provides use of the feed additive described in the first aspect in preparing a feed for improving the growth performance of pigs and / or improving the stress symptoms of pigs.

[0019] In one embodiment, improving the growth performance of pigs includes improving the average daily weight gain of pigs, reducing feed-to-meat ratio, and / or increasing the average daily feed intake.

[0020] In one embodiment, the improving stress symptoms of pigs includes improving death caused by stress in pigs, improving pork pallor, and / or improving pork water discharge.

[0021] In one embodiment, the death of pigs caused by stress includes death of pigs caused by high temperature, sale and / or transportation.

[0022] In one embodiment, improving the paleness of pork includes increasing the brightness value L, redness value a and / or yellowness value b of pork.

[0023] In one embodiment, improving the water release of pork includes reducing the drip loss of pork.

[0024] It should be understood that within the scope of the present invention, the above-mentioned technical features of the present invention and the technical features specifically described below (such as embodiments) can be combined with each other to form a new or preferred technical solution. Due to space limitations, they will not be described one by one here.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] (1) The use of magnesium oxide, organic selenium and γ-aminobutyric acid in the diet alone or in combination can improve the growth performance of pigs, drip loss and 24h chromaticity value of pigs, and the effect of using the three ingredients simultaneously is better than using them alone, indicating that there is a synergistic effect between the different components. γ-Aminobutyric acid specifically reduces the stress level of pigs, so that more energy is used for the deposition of nutrients in the body. Magnesium oxide specifically reduces muscle stress levels, relieves muscle tension, and plays an important role in the water retention of pigs. Selenium is an important element for myosin to regulate the antioxidant capacity, and the use of organic selenium plays a key role in the color of meat. The present invention achieves a synergistic effect by using magnesium oxide, organic selenium and γ-aminobutyric acid in combination. The three components synergistically and specifically regulate the increase in drip loss and pale color caused by stress.

[0027] (2) In the later stages of pig growth, stresses such as poor sanitary conditions, high temperatures, expulsion for sale, and long-distance transportation significantly increase the mortality rate of pigs and improve the water content of pork. The combined use of magnesium oxide, organic selenium, and γ-aminobutyric acid in the diet significantly reduced the mortality rate of pigs before marketing, during expulsion, and during transportation.

[0028] (3) The inventor unexpectedly discovered that the magnesium oxide, organic selenium and γ-aminobutyric acid of the present invention, when used in combination, can significantly reduce the mortality rate of pigs under high temperature, sales and transportation stress, and the reduction effect is better than magnesium oxide + organic selenium, γ-aminobutyric acid, and the sum of the two. This shows that the magnesium oxide, organic selenium and γ-aminobutyric acid provided by the present invention can play a synergistic role when used in combination, further increasing their respective effects, thereby achieving unexpected technical effects in reducing the mortality rate of pigs under high temperature, sales and transportation stress.

[0029] (4) The additive of the present invention can significantly improve the growth performance of pigs, including reducing the average daily weight gain of pigs, reducing the feed-to-meat ratio, and increasing the average daily feed intake. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The effect of adding different components to the diet on the pork color in Example 2, wherein A is the control group (electrolyte treatment group) and B is the experimental group (magnesium oxide + organic selenium + γ-aminobutyric acid treatment group). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the examples provided are only for illustrating the present invention, rather than for limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples provided below can be used as a guide for further improvements by those of ordinary skill in the art, and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention in any way.

[0032] The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional methods, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. The materials and reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can all be obtained from commercial channels.

[0033] Example:

[0034] In the following examples, animals were allowed to eat and drink freely throughout the whole process, and automatic environmental control equipment and water curtains were used.

[0035] In the following examples, the pig diet, basal diet, and dietary nutritional levels are shown in Tables 1 to 3, respectively.

[0036] Table 1 Composition of diet (%)

[0037]

[0038] Table 2 Basic diet composition (‰)

[0039]

[0040] Table 3 Nutrient levels of experimental diets

[0041]

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A total of 304 170-day-old Duroc×Chang×Da hybrid pigs with an average body weight of 131±3kg were selected and randomly divided into four treatment groups according to body weight and gender: control, treatment 1 (magnesium oxide + organic selenium), treatment 2 (γ-aminobutyric acid) and treatment 3 (magnesium oxide + organic selenium + γ-aminobutyric acid); each treatment had 9-10 replicates, and each replicate had 8 pigs; the experimental period was 20 days. The average weight at the beginning of the trial, the average weight at the end of the trial, and the daily feed consumption of each replicate during the trial were recorded, and the feed-to-meat ratio, average feed intake, average daily weight gain, formula cost, and feed cost per kilogram were calculated. 13 pigs were selected for slaughter in each treatment, and the drip loss and meat color value (L, a, b) of the longissimus dorsi muscle at the last rib were measured.

[0044] The effects of adding different components to the diet on the growth performance and feed cost of meat pigs are shown in Table 4. Compared with the control, the addition of magnesium oxide + organic selenium, γ-aminobutyric acid, and magnesium oxide + organic selenium + γ-aminobutyric acid to the diet can increase the daily feed intake (compared with the control group, it increased by 134, 154 and 168 g / day, respectively) and daily weight gain (compared with the control group, it increased by 59, 88, and 91 g / day, respectively), and reduce the feed-to-meat ratio (compared with the control group, it decreased by 0.19, 0.25, and 0.25, respectively). Compared with the addition of magnesium oxide + organic selenium to the diet, magnesium oxide + organic selenium + γ-aminobutyric acid increased the daily feed intake by 32 g / day and the daily weight gain by 32 g / day, and reduced the feed-to-meat ratio by 0.06. Compared with the addition of γ-aminobutyric acid to the diet, magnesium oxide + organic selenium + γ-aminobutyric acid increased the daily feed intake by 12 g / day and the daily weight gain by 3 g / day, and the feed-to-meat ratio remained the same.

[0045] The effects of different dietary components on pork quality are shown in Table 5. Compared with the control group, the dietary addition of magnesium oxide + organic selenium, γ-aminobutyric acid, magnesium oxide + organic selenium + γ-aminobutyric acid can reduce the drip loss of pork (reduced by 15%, 39%, and 41% respectively compared with the control group), and improve the 24h meat color value L (increased by 5.2%, 4.6%, and 6.0% respectively compared with the control group), a (increased by 10.9%, 11.9%, and 12.4% respectively compared with the control group) and b (increased by 7.6%, 6.7%, and 7.9% respectively compared with the control group). Compared with the dietary addition of magnesium oxide + organic selenium, magnesium oxide + organic selenium + γ-aminobutyric acid reduced the drip loss of pork (28%), and increased the 24h meat color value L (0.8%), a (1.4%), and b (0.3%). Compared with diets supplemented with γ-aminobutyric acid, diets supplemented with magnesium oxide + organic selenium + γ-aminobutyric acid reduced pork drip loss (3.8%), and increased 24h meat color values ​​L (2.4%), a (0.5%), and b (1.1%).

[0046] Table 4 Effects of adding different components to the diet on growth performance and feed cost of pigs

[0047]

[0048] Table 5 Effects of different dietary components on pork quality

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Example 2

[0052] The experiment was conducted in pig farmers, with a total of 1911 Durbin × Chang × Da three-way hybrid pigs of 160 days of growth, divided into 2 buildings. The control group consisted of 950 pigs, and electrolytes (glucose 75%, sodium chloride 12%, potassium chloride 5%, sodium bicarbonate 8%) were added to the drinking water 14 days before listing; the experimental group consisted of 961 pigs, and magnesium oxide, organic selenium and γ-aminobutyric acid (content reference implementation 1 treatment 3) were added to the feed 14 days before listing. The mortality of pigs 2 weeks before listing, during the sales process and during the transportation process was recorded, and the mortality rate was calculated. At the end of the experiment, 20 pigs were selected for slaughter in each treatment, and the drip loss and meat color value (L, a, b) of the longissimus dorsi muscle at the last rib were measured.

[0053] The effects of different treatments on mortality of pigs before slaughter are shown in Table 6. Compared with the control group with electrolyte addition, the addition of magnesium oxide + organic selenium + γ-aminobutyric acid to the diet reduced the mortality rate 14 days before market, during sales, during transportation and in total by 0.36, 0.14, 0.31 and 0.81 percentage points, respectively.

[0054] The effects of different treatments on the quality of pork after slaughter are shown in Table 7 and Figure 1 As shown, compared with the control group supplemented with electrolytes, the addition of magnesium oxide + organic selenium + γ-aminobutyric acid to the diet increased the redness value a (2.6%), and had no effect on the brightness value L and yellowness value. Figure 1 The redness value of the treated group was also significantly better than that of the control group.

[0055] Table 6 Effects of different treatments on mortality of pigs before slaughter

[0056]

[0057] Table 7 Effects of different treatments on the quality of pig meat after slaughter

[0058]

[0059] Example 3

[0060] The experiment was conducted in pig farmers, with a total of 1,619 160-day-old Duroc×Chang×Da hybrid pigs, divided into two buildings. The control group of 884 pigs had electrolytes added to their drinking water 14 days before listing; the experimental group of 968 pigs had magnesium oxide, organic selenium and γ-aminobutyric acid added to their feed 14 days before listing. The deaths of pigs 2 weeks before listing, during the sales process and during the transportation process were recorded, and the mortality rate was calculated.

[0061] The effects of different treatments on the mortality rate of pigs under driving and transportation stress are shown in Table 8. As shown in Table 8, the pig sales process is subject to stress such as high temperature, electric baton driving, and long-distance transportation, which resulted in a mortality rate of 1.24% in the control group. Adding magnesium oxide + organic selenium + γ-aminobutyric acid to the diet significantly reduced the mortality rate by 0.78 percentage points (a reduction of 63%).

[0062] The effects of different treatments on the quality of meat after slaughter under driving and transportation stress are shown in Table 9. As shown in Table 9, under driving and transportation stress, the drip loss of pigs after slaughter was 4.95%, and the addition of magnesium oxide + organic selenium + γ-aminobutyric acid to the diet significantly reduced the mortality rate by 1.18 percentage points (reduced by 24%).

[0063] Table 8 Effects of different treatments on pig mortality under driving and transportation stress

[0064]

[0065] Table 9 Effects of different treatments on the quality of pig meat after slaughter

[0066]

[0067] Example 4

[0068] The experiment was conducted in pig farmers, with a total of 4015 160-day-old Duroc × Chang × Da three-way hybrid pigs, divided into 4 buildings, with 1000-1007 pigs in each building. The experimental groups were control group (electrolyte), γ-aminobutyric acid, organic selenium + magnesium oxide, organic selenium + magnesium oxide + γ-aminobutyric acid, and the experimental period was 35 days. The experimental period was the high temperature in summer (28-34℃), and the pig deaths during the experimental period, sales process and transportation process were recorded, and the mortality rate was calculated.

[0069] The effects of different treatments on the mortality rate of pigs under high temperature, sales and transportation stress are shown in Table 10. As shown in Table 10, the experimental period was in the summer high temperature (28-34℃), and the mortality rate of pigs in the late fattening period, sales and transportation was high, with a mortality rate of 2.1%; the addition of γ-aminobutyric acid and magnesium oxide + organic selenium to feed had a certain effect on reducing mortality, reducing by 0.5 and 0.9 percentage points respectively; the addition of magnesium oxide + organic selenium + γ-aminobutyric acid to feed can significantly reduce the mortality of pigs, reducing by 1.7 percentage points, and the reduction effect exceeds the sum of the γ-aminobutyric acid group and the magnesium oxide + organic selenium group. This shows that under the actual high temperature, sales and transportation stress conditions, the magnesium oxide + organic selenium + γ-aminobutyric acid group has a synergistic effect, which can further reduce the mortality of pigs compared with the single or combined treatment of γ-aminobutyric acid or magnesium oxide + organic selenium.

[0070] Table 10 Effects of different treatments on pig mortality under high temperature, marketing and transportation stress

[0071]

[0072] Example 5

[0073] The experiment was conducted among pig farmers, with a total of 2,901 154-day-old Durbin × Chang × Da three-way hybrid pigs. Three high-density pig houses were selected for the experiment, with 962-971 pigs in each house. The experimental groups were divided into a control group, a 2.5kg and a 5kg (γ-aminobutyric acid + organic selenium + magnesium oxide) group, and the experimental period was 40 days. The pig deaths during the trial, the sales process, and the transportation process were recorded, and the mortality rate was calculated.

[0074] The effects of different treatments on the mortality rate of pigs under high density, sales and transportation stress are shown in Table 11. As shown in Table 11, the mortality rate of pigs under high density, late fattening period, sales and transportation is high, with a mortality rate of 1.6%; the experimental group with 2.5kg of γ-aminobutyric acid, magnesium oxide and organic selenium mixture added to the feed is 0.2 percentage points lower than the control group; the experimental group with 5kg of magnesium oxide, organic selenium and γ-aminobutyric acid mixture added to the feed can significantly reduce the mortality rate of pigs, with a decrease of 1.2 percentage points, and the reduction effect is better than the 2.5kg group. This shows that under the conditions of high density, sales and transportation stress, the magnesium oxide, organic selenium and γ-aminobutyric acid mixture has a dose effect, and only when a specific ratio is reached can the effect of reducing stress mortality be achieved.

[0075] Table 11 Effects of different treatments on pig mortality under high density, marketing and transportation stress

[0076]

[0077] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in the form of a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A feed additive, characterized in that: Calculated by weight, the feed additive contains 45-60 parts of magnesium oxide, 0.3-0.6 parts of organic selenium and 5-15 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid.

2. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The feed additive contains 50 parts of magnesium oxide, 0.4 parts of organic selenium and 10 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid by weight.

3. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The organic selenium includes selenocystine, selenomethionine, methylselenocysteine, seleno-maltol, selenated glycosides and / or selenium yeast.

4. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The feed additive contains a carrier, and the carrier includes rice husk and / or wheat bran.

5. A feed, characterized in that: Contains the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The feed according to claim 5, characterized in that The feed includes pellet feed, powdered feed, wet mix, expanded feed and / or liquid feed.

7. Use of the feed additive according to claim 1 in preparing feed for improving pig growth performance and / or improving pig stress symptoms.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: Improving the growth performance of pigs includes increasing the average daily weight gain of pigs, reducing the feed-to-meat ratio, and / or increasing the average daily feed intake.

9. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The improving of pig stress symptoms includes improving pig stress-induced death, improving pork pallor, and / or improving pork water discharge.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The death caused by stress of pigs includes stress death of pigs caused by high temperature, sale and / or transportation; The improvement of pork paleness comprises increasing the brightness value L, redness value a and / or yellowness value b of pork; The improving the water release of pork includes reducing the drip loss of pork.

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