Apple screening and classifying device

Abstract

The invention discloses an apple screening and classifying device, and belongs to the technical field of screening equipment, the apple screening and classifying device comprises a bottom plate, a flotation assembly and an auxiliary assembly are arranged on the bottom plate, the flotation assembly comprises a flotation tank, sorting assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the flotation tank, and the flotation assembly can screen the maturity of apples through buoyancy of water; the apples with low maturity or harder texture and the apples with high maturity can be located on the upper layer and the lower layer of water in the flotation tank correspondingly, the flotation tank can further soak and clean dust and dirt on the surfaces of the apples in the flotation and classification process of the apples, and by arranging the separation assembly, multiple separation half-sieve plates are matched with one another, so that the separation efficiency is improved. According to the device, apples in the upper layer position in the flotation tank can be screened according to the size, the screening and classifying process is carried out in water, damage to the apples is effectively reduced, and by arranging the cleaning screen plate, after screening and classifying of the apples in the batch are completed, the residual apples in the flotation tank can be rapidly cleaned out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of screening equipment, and in particular to an apple screening and sorting device. Background Art

[0002] The screening and classification process of apples is usually very time-consuming. Manual screening has low work efficiency and high error rate. Therefore, a screening device can quickly process a large number of apples, significantly improve production efficiency, and reduce processing time. When the existing screening device screens apples, the apples fall step by step from the multi-level screen plates, which can easily cause damage to the apples in the process of falling, and it is impossible to quickly remove apples with low maturity or hard texture. Therefore, the present invention provides an apple screening and classification device. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides an apple screening and sorting device, which overcomes the problems that apples fall step by step from multi-level sieve plates, which easily causes damage to the apples in the process of falling, and apples with low maturity or quality problems cannot be quickly removed.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an apple screening and sorting device, comprising a bottom plate, a flotation component is arranged on the bottom plate, the flotation component comprises a flotation tank, a sorting component is symmetrically arranged on the flotation tank, the sorting components all comprise sorting side boxes, the sorting side boxes are all slidably mounted on the flotation tank, a plurality of sorting slides are slidably mounted on the sorting side boxes, a sorting half-sieve plate is fixedly mounted on the end of the sorting slide closest to the flotation tank, the sieve gap widths of the sorting half-sieve plates in the same sorting component are different from each other, and two relative sorting half-sieve plates with equal sieve gap widths form a complete screening plate when joined, a partition slide is arranged between the sorting component and the flotation tank, the partition slide is used to prevent apples in the flotation tank from entering the sorting side box, an auxiliary component is also arranged on the bottom plate, the auxiliary component comprises an auxiliary slide and a conveying group, a plurality of storage frames are placed on both sides of the auxiliary slide, the conveying group is used to convey the sorted apples, and the storage frame is used to store the sorted apples.

[0005] Furthermore, the flotation tank is fixedly installed on the bottom plate, and a solenoid valve is fixedly provided at the lower end of the flotation tank. The flotation of apples is achieved through the buoyancy of water in the flotation tank on apples, and a fruit outlet trough plate is fixedly provided on the flotation tank at a position closest to the conveying group.

[0006] Furthermore, a U-shaped slide is slidably installed on the flotation tank, and a cleaning screen plate is fixedly installed on the end of the U-shaped slide located on the inner side of the flotation tank. The cleaning screen plate and the flotation tank are slidably matched. The cleaning screen plate is used to clean unqualified apples in the flotation tank. A shift screw is rotatably installed on the outer side of the flotation tank, and the shift screw and the end of the U-shaped slide located on the outer side of the flotation tank form a spiral pair.

[0007] Furthermore, a sorting slide is slidably installed on the bottom plate, an upward moving screw is rotatably installed on the bottom plate, the sorting slide and the upward moving screw constitute a spiral pair, a switching slide is fixedly arranged between the two sorting side boxes, the switching slide is slidably installed on the sorting slide, a switching screw is rotatably installed on the sorting slide, and the switching screw and the switching slide constitute a spiral pair.

[0008] Furthermore, a positioning slide is symmetrically slidably installed on the sorting slide, and a positioning screw is symmetrically rotatably installed on the sorting slide. The positioning slide and the corresponding positioning screw form a spiral pair. A cross push plate is fixedly arranged at the end of the positioning slide farthest from the axis of the positioning screw, and a sliding groove cooperating with the cross push plate is arranged on the sorting slide.

[0009] Furthermore, cross limit plates are symmetrically fixedly installed on both sides of the sorting slide, and the cross push plate is located between the corresponding two cross limit plates. The two cross limit plates on the same side of the sorting slide and the corresponding cross push plates coincide with the projection of the lower surface of the bottom plate, and the distance between the two cross limit plates on the same side of the sorting slide is equal to the thickness of the cross push plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the partition slides are slidably matched with the flotation tank, and there is a clearance between the surface of the partition slide closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate and the flotation tank. The clearance between the surface of the partition slide closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate and the flotation tank is equal to the thickness of the sorting half-screen plate. Two long engaging rods are fixedly provided on the positioning slide, and two through holes matching the long engaging rods are provided on the partition slide.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper surface of the cleaning sieve plate is parallel to the inner surface of the fruit outlet trough plate, the upper surface of the sorting half sieve plate is parallel to the upper surface of the cleaning sieve plate, and shielding plates are symmetrically fixed on the bottom plate to prevent apples from falling from the conveying group.

[0012] Furthermore, a dryer is symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate, and the dryer is used to dry the apples transported by the conveying group. The auxiliary slide is slidably installed on the bottom plate, and an auxiliary screw is rotatably installed on the bottom plate. The auxiliary slide and the auxiliary screw constitute a spiral pair.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) By setting a flotation component, the present invention can screen the maturity of apples by the buoyancy of water, and apples with low maturity or hard texture and apples with high maturity will be located in the upper and lower layers of water in the flotation tank, respectively. (2) By setting a flotation tank, the present invention can also soak and clean the dust and dirt on the surface of apples during the flotation classification of apples. (3) By setting a sorting component, the present invention can make multiple sorting half-screens cooperate with each other to screen the apples in the upper position of the flotation tank according to size, and the screening and classification process is carried out in water, which effectively reduces the damage to the apples. (4) By setting an auxiliary component, the present invention can quickly realize the transportation and classified storage of classified apples, and can also dry the water on the surface of apples. (5) By setting a cleaning screen plate, the present invention can quickly clean out the remaining apples in the flotation tank after the screening and classification of the batch of apples is completed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary slide seat of the present invention; Figure 3 A top view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the displacement screw rod of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the flotation tank of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A local enlarged schematic diagram of the middle A; Figure 7 for Figure 5 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the separating slide plate of the present invention; Fig. 9 for Figure 8 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of point C in the middle; Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sealing slide plate of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a front view of the structure of the sorting slide frame of the present invention.

[0015] Reference numerals: 101-bottom plate; 102-auxiliary slide; 103-storage frame; 104-auxiliary screw rod; 105-auxiliary motor; 106-flotation tank; 107-sorting side box; 108-conveying group; 109-fruit outlet plate; 110-conveying motor; 111-shielding plate; 112-drying machine; 113-cleaning screen plate; 114-sorting half screen plate; 115-separation slide plate; 116-U-shaped slide plate; 117-positioning slide seat; 1 18-joining long rod; 119-adjusting screw rod; 120-sorting slide; 121-sorting slide plate; 122-cross limit plate; 123-cross push plate; 124-double-headed adjusting motor; 125-clearance; 126-sealing slide plate; 127-shifting screw rod; 128-shifting motor; 129-solenoid valve; 130-upward motor; 131-upward screw rod; 132-switching motor; 133-switching screw rod; 134-switching slide plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0017] Example: Reference Figure 1-Figure 11 An apple screening and sorting device includes a bottom plate 101, on which a flotation assembly is arranged, the flotation assembly includes a flotation tank 106, the flotation tank 106 is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate 101, and a solenoid valve 129 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the flotation tank 106. The flotation of apples is achieved by the buoyancy of water in the flotation tank 106 on the apples. Apples with high maturity are located in the upper layer of the water in the flotation tank 106 due to their low density and high water content, and apples with low maturity are located in the lower layer of the water in the flotation tank 106 due to their high density and low water content. These apples located in the lower layer of the water in the flotation tank 106 may be immature or hard in texture, or may have other quality problems.

[0018] A U-shaped slide plate 116 is slidably installed on the flotation tank 106, and a cleaning screen plate 113 is fixedly installed on the end of the U-shaped slide plate 116 located on the inner side of the flotation tank 106. The cleaning screen plate 113 and the flotation tank 106 are slidably matched, and the cleaning screen plate 113 is used to clean unqualified apples in the flotation tank 106. A shift screw rod 127 is rotatably installed on the outer side of the flotation tank 106, and the shift screw rod 127 and the end of the U-shaped slide plate 116 located on the outer side of the flotation tank 106 form a spiral pair. A shift motor 128 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the flotation tank 106, and the output shaft of the shift motor 128 is fixedly connected to the shift screw rod 127.

[0019] The initial position is that the cleaning screen plate 113 is located in the flotation tank 106 at the position closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101. Therefore, apples with higher density and lower water content will accumulate on the upper surface of the cleaning screen plate 113. When it is necessary to take out these apples, the shift motor 128 is started to drive the shift screw 127 to rotate, so that the U-shaped slide plate 116 moves upward and the cleaning screen plate 113 moves upward synchronously, thereby moving the apples on the cleaning screen plate 113 upward.

[0020] A conveying group 108 is movably arranged on the bottom plate 101, and the conveying group 108 includes two conveying rollers and a conveying belt. The two conveying rollers in the conveying group 108 are symmetrically rotatably mounted on the bottom plate 101, and the conveying belt in the conveying group 108 is arranged on the two conveying rollers in the conveying group 108. A conveying motor 110 is fixedly installed on the bottom plate 101, and the output shaft of the conveying motor 110 is fixedly connected to the corresponding conveying roller. A fruit outlet trough plate 109 is fixedly arranged at the position closest to the conveying group 108 on the flotation tank 106, and the upper surface of the cleaning screen plate 113 is parallel to the inner side surface of the fruit outlet trough plate 109, and the distance between the end surface of the cleaning screen plate 113 closest to the fruit outlet trough plate 109 and the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 is smaller than the distance between the end surface of the cleaning screen plate 113 and the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 The distance between the end farthest from the fruit outlet trough plate 109 and the lower surface of the bottom plate 101, that is, the cleaning screen plate 113 is in an inclined state relative to the bottom plate 101, and then when the cleaning screen plate 113 moves upward until the upper surface of the cleaning screen plate 113 and the inner surface of the fruit outlet trough plate 109 are on the same plane, the apples on the cleaning screen plate 113 will roll along the cleaning screen plate 113 and the fruit outlet trough plate 109 to the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108, and the corresponding conveying roller is driven to rotate by starting the conveying motor 110, so that the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108 rotates, thereby realizing the transportation of apples, and a shielding plate 111 is symmetrically fixed on the bottom plate 101, and the shielding plate 111 is used to prevent apples from falling from the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108.

[0021] The flotation tank 106 is symmetrically provided with sorting components, each of which includes a sorting side box 107, each of which is slidably mounted on the flotation tank 106, a sorting slide 120 is slidably mounted on the bottom plate 101, an upward screw rod 131 is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate 101, the sorting slide 120 and the upward screw rod 131 constitute a spiral pair, an upward motor 130 is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate 101, the output shaft of the upward motor 130 is fixedly connected to the upward screw rod 131, a switching slide 134 is fixedly arranged between the two sorting side boxes 107, and the switching slide 134 is slidably mounted on the sorting slide The switching screw rod 133 is rotatably installed on the sorting slide 120, and the switching screw rod 133 and the switching slide plate 134 constitute a spiral pair. The switching motor 132 is fixedly installed on the sorting slide 120, and the output shaft of the switching motor 132 is fixedly connected to the switching screw rod 133. The sorting side boxes 107 are fixedly provided with sealing slide plates 126, and the sealing slide plates 126 are slidably matched with the flotation tank 106. When the sorting side boxes 107 slide relative to the flotation tank 106, under the action of the sealing slide plate 126, no gap will appear at the joint between the flotation tank 106 and the sorting side boxes 107.

[0022] A plurality of sorting slides 121 are slidably mounted on the sorting side box 107. Two adjacent sorting slides 121 in the same sorting side box 107 are slidably fitted with each other. The ends of the sorting slides 121 closest to the flotation tank 106 are fixedly mounted with sorting half-sieve plates 114. The upper surface of the sorting half-sieve plates 114 is parallel to the upper surface of the cleaning sieve plate 113. The sieve slot widths of the sorting half-sieve plates 114 in the same sorting component are different. The closer the sorting half-sieve plate 114 is to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 in the same sorting component, the larger the sieve slot width. Two relative sorting half-sieve plates 114 with equal sieve slot widths form a complete screening plate when joined.

[0023] A partition slide 115 is provided between the sorting assembly and the flotation tank 106. The partition slide 115 is slidably matched with the flotation tank 106. The partition slide 115 is used to block the apples in the flotation tank 106 from entering the sorting side box 107. There is a clearance gap 125 between the surface of the partition slide 115 closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 and the flotation tank 106. The clearance gap 125 between the surface of the partition slide 115 closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 and the flotation tank 106 is equal to the thickness of the sorting half-sieve plate 114.

[0024] A positioning slide 117 is symmetrically slidably installed on the sorting slide 120, a positioning screw 119 is symmetrically rotatably installed on the sorting slide 120, a double-head positioning motor 124 is fixedly installed on the sorting slide 120, the output shafts at both ends of the double-head positioning motor 124 are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding positioning screw 119, the spiral directions of the two positioning screws 119 are opposite, the positioning slide 117 and the corresponding positioning screw 119 form a spiral pair, the end of the positioning slide 117 farthest from the axis of the positioning screw 119 is fixedly provided with a cross push plate 123, and the sorting slide 121 is provided with a slide groove that cooperates with the cross push plate 123.

[0025] Cross limit plates 122 are symmetrically fixedly installed on both sides of the sorting slide 120, and the cross push plate 123 is located between the corresponding two cross limit plates 122. The two cross limit plates 122 and the corresponding cross push plates 123 on the same side of the sorting slide 120 coincide with each other in projection relative to the lower surface of the base plate 101. The distance between the two cross limit plates 122 on the same side of the sorting slide 120 is equal to the thickness of the cross push plate 123. Two engaging long rods 118 are fixedly provided on the adjusting slide 117, and two through holes cooperating with the engaging long rods 118 are provided on the separating slide 115.

[0026] In the initial position, the separation slide 115 and the sorting slide 120 are both located at the position closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101, and the sorting side box 107 is located at the position farthest from the lower surface of the sorting slide 120. At this time, the sorting half-sieve plate 114 closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 in the sorting side box 107 is located at the position farthest from the lower surface of the bottom plate 101, that is, at this time, the sorting half-sieve plate 114 closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 in the sorting side box 107 is in contact with the separation slide 115 and the floating The clearance gap 125 between the selection pools 106 is butted, and the two adjustment slides 117 are at the farthest positions apart. The slide groove and the cross push plate 123 on the sorting slide 121 farthest from the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 are in a engaged state. Under the action of the two partition slides 115, the flotation pool 106 and the two sorting side boxes 107 are divided into three chambers, and the sorting half-sieve plates 114 in the two sorting components are respectively located on the inner sides of the chambers on both sides of the flotation pool 106.

[0027] After the apples are placed in the water in the flotation tank 106, the apples are sorted under the action of the buoyancy generated by the water in the flotation tank 106, and then the switching motor 132 is started to drive the switching screw rod 133 to rotate, so that the switching slide 134 moves downward relative to the sorting slide 120, that is, the two sorting side boxes 107 move downward relative to the sorting slide 120, and then the slide grooves on the sorting slides 121 corresponding to the sorting half-sieve plates 114 closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 in the two sorting side boxes 107 are engaged with the corresponding cross push plates 123, and at this time, the slide grooves on the other sorting slides 121 are in an engaged state with the cross limit plate 122, and under the action of the cross limit plate 122, the other sorting slides 121 cannot move, and then the double-head positioning is started. The motor 124 drives the two positioning screw rods 119 to rotate synchronously, so that the two positioning slides 117 move toward each other, the engaging long rod 118 moves toward the corresponding partitioning slide 115, and the two cross push plates 123 move toward each other. Under the action of the cross push plates 123, the two sorting half-screen plates 114 closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate 101 move toward each other, and finally the end faces of the two sorting half-screen plates 114 that are farthest apart are joined. At this time, the two sorting half-screen plates 114 form a complete screening plate, that is, the combination of the screening plate with the largest screen gap width is completed, and the apples that meet the requirements are all located above the screening plate. At this time, the engaging long rod 118 and the through hole on the corresponding partitioning slide 115 are in a engaged state.

[0028] Then, the upward motor 130 is started to drive the upward screw rod 131 to rotate, so that the sorting slide 120 moves upward, the sorting side box 107 and the switching slide 134 move upward synchronously, and under the action of the engaging long rod 118, the sorting half screen plate 114 and the partition slide 115 move upward synchronously. Under the action of the two sorting half screen plates 114 combined into a complete screening plate, the apples that meet the screen slit width of the screening plate stay on the screening plate, and the apples that are smaller than the screen slit width of the screening plate pass through the screen slit of the screening plate and move to the bottom of the screening plate, so that the apples that meet the screen slit width of the screening plate are placed on the screening plate. The apples required by the plate move upward, and the apples on the screening plate are prevented from falling under the action of the dividing slide 115. The water in the flotation tank 106 is prevented from leaking when the sorting side box 107 moves under the action of the sealing slide 126. Finally, the upper surface of the screening plate formed by the two sorting half-screen plates 114 and the inner surface of the fruit outlet trough plate 109 are made to be on the same plane, and then the apples on the screening plate fall along the fruit outlet trough plate 109 onto the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108, and then the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108 is driven to rotate to realize the transportation of apples of this specification.

[0029] Repeat the above steps to screen the apples by combining different sorting half-sieve plates 114 into screening plates with different sieve widths, so as to classify the sizes of apples that meet the maturity requirements. When classifying the sizes of apples, it should be noted that when using the screening plates, the sieve width needs to be ensured to screen the apples from large to small.

[0030] An auxiliary component is also provided on the bottom plate 101, and the auxiliary component includes an auxiliary slide 102. Multiple storage frames 103 are placed on both sides of the auxiliary slide 102. The storage frames 103 are used to store apples of different specifications after sorting. The auxiliary slide 102 is slidably installed on the bottom plate 101, and an auxiliary screw rod 104 is rotatably installed on the bottom plate 101. The auxiliary slide 102 and the auxiliary screw rod 104 constitute a spiral pair. An auxiliary motor 105 is fixedly installed on the bottom plate 101, and the output shaft of the auxiliary motor 105 is fixedly connected to the auxiliary screw rod 104. A dryer 112 is symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate 101. The dryer 112 is used to dry the apples transported by the conveying group 108, and the dryer 112 is fixedly connected to the mountain surface of the shielding plate 111.

[0031] Working principle: put the sorted apples into the water in the flotation tank 106, the apples with high maturity are located in the upper area of ​​the water, and the apples with low maturity are located in the lower area of ​​the water, then start the switching motor 132 to drive the switching slide 134 to move, so that the two sorting side boxes 107 move synchronously, so that the sorting slide 121 corresponding to the sorting half screen plate 114 of the required screen width is engaged with the cross push plate 123, and then start the double-headed positioning motor 124 to make the two positioning slides 117 move closer to each other. The auxiliary motor 105 is started to drive the auxiliary screw 104 to rotate, so that the auxiliary slide 102 rotates relative to the bottom plate 101, and the storage frame 103 corresponding to the apples of the size stored on the auxiliary slide 102 moves to the end of the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108.

[0032] At this time, the long rod 118 is engaged with the through hole on the corresponding partition slide 115, and then the upward motor 130 is started to drive the sorting slide 120 to move upward, and the screening plate formed by the two sorting half-screen plates 114 moves upward synchronously, and the apples that meet the requirements of the screening plate move upward synchronously under the action of the screening plate, and finally the screening plate and the fruit outlet trough plate 109 are engaged, and the apples on the screening plate fall along the fruit outlet trough plate 109 onto the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108, and at the same time, the conveying motor 110 is started to drive the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108 to rotate, and under the action of the shielding plate 111, the apples are prevented from falling from the conveyor belt in the conveying group 108, and under the action of the dryer 112, the apples are dried, and finally under the action of the conveying group 108, the apples of this size fall into the storage frame 103 for storing apples of this size.

[0033] Repeat the above steps to make the screening plates with different sieve widths screen the apples, and then store the apples of different sizes in the corresponding storage frames 103 respectively. When the storage frame 103 is full, take out the storage frame 103 and replace it with a new one.

[0034] After completing the screening of the apples that meet the requirements in the upper area of ​​the water in the flotation tank 106, start the shift motor 128 to drive the shift screw 127 to rotate, so that the cleaning screen plate 113 and the U-shaped slide plate 116 move upward synchronously. Under the action of the cleaning screen plate 113, the apples that do not meet the requirements remaining in the flotation tank 106 move upward, and finally these apples fall onto the conveying group 108 along the fruit outlet trough plate 109. Under the action of the conveying group 108, these apples are stored in the corresponding storage frame 103. When it is necessary to replace the water in the flotation tank 106, it can be achieved by opening the solenoid valve 129.

[0035] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes. Various changes made by technicians in the relevant technical field based on the above-mentioned conception without creative work all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apple screening and sorting device, comprising a bottom plate (101), characterized in that: The bottom plate (101) is provided with a flotation assembly, the flotation assembly includes a flotation tank (106), and the flotation tank (106) is symmetrically provided with a sorting assembly, each of the sorting assemblies includes a sorting side box (107), each of the sorting side boxes (107) is slidably mounted on the flotation tank (106), and each of the sorting side boxes (107) is slidably mounted with a plurality of sorting slides (121), and each of the ends of the sorting slides (121) closest to the flotation tank (106) is fixedly mounted with a sorting half-sieve plate (114), the sieve slot widths of the sorting half-sieve plates (114) in the same sorting assembly are different from each other, and two opposite sorting half-sieve plates (114) with equal sieve slot widths form a complete screening plate when joined, and a partition slide (115) is provided between the sorting assembly and the flotation tank (106), and the partition slide (115) is used to prevent apples in the flotation tank (106) from entering the sorting side box (107); An auxiliary component is also provided on the bottom plate (101), the auxiliary component comprising an auxiliary slide (102) and a conveying group (108), a plurality of storage frames (103) are placed on both sides of the auxiliary slide (102), the conveying group (108) is used to convey the sorted apples, and the storage frames (103) are used to store the sorted apples.

2. The apple screening and sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flotation tank (106) is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate (101); a solenoid valve (129) is fixedly disposed at the lower end of the flotation tank (106); the flotation of the apples is achieved through the buoyancy of water in the flotation tank (106) on the apples; and a fruit outlet trough plate (109) is fixedly disposed at a position on the flotation tank (106) closest to the conveying group (108).

3. The apple screening and sorting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A U-shaped slide plate (116) is slidably mounted on the flotation tank (106); a cleaning screen plate (113) is fixedly mounted on the end of the U-shaped slide plate (116) located inside the flotation tank (106); the cleaning screen plate (113) and the flotation tank (106) are slidably matched; the cleaning screen plate (113) is used to clean unqualified apples in the flotation tank (106); a shift screw rod (127) is rotatably mounted on the outside of the flotation tank (106); the shift screw rod (127) and the end of the U-shaped slide plate (116) located outside the flotation tank (106) form a spiral pair.

4. The apple screening and sorting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A sorting slide (120) is slidably mounted on the bottom plate (101), an upward moving screw rod (131) is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate (101), the sorting slide (120) and the upward moving screw rod (131) form a spiral pair, a switching slide plate (134) is fixedly arranged between the two sorting side boxes (107), the switching slide plate (134) is slidably mounted on the sorting slide (120), a switching screw rod (133) is rotatably mounted on the sorting slide (120), and the switching screw rod (133) and the switching slide plate (134) form a spiral pair.

5. The apple screening and sorting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A positioning slide (117) is symmetrically slidably mounted on the sorting slide (120), and a positioning screw (119) is symmetrically rotatably mounted on the sorting slide (120). The positioning slide (117) and the corresponding positioning screw (119) form a spiral pair. A cross push plate (123) is fixedly mounted on the end of the positioning slide (117) farthest from the axis of the positioning screw (119), and a slide groove cooperating with the cross push plate (123) is arranged on the sorting slide plate (121).

6. The apple screening and sorting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Cross limit plates (122) are symmetrically fixedly installed on both sides of the sorting slide (120); a cross push plate (123) is located between two corresponding cross limit plates (122); the projections of the two cross limit plates (122) and the corresponding cross push plate (123) on the same side of the sorting slide (120) relative to the lower surface of the bottom plate (101) overlap; and the distance between the two cross limit plates (122) on the same side of the sorting slide (120) is equal to the thickness of the cross push plate (123).

7. The apple screening and sorting device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The partition slides (115) are slidably matched with the flotation tank (106); a clearance gap (125) exists between the surface of the partition slide (115) closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate (101) and the flotation tank (106); the clearance gap (125) between the surface of the partition slide (115) closest to the lower surface of the bottom plate (101) and the flotation tank (106) is equal to the thickness of the sorting half-sieve plate (114); two engaging long rods (118) are fixedly provided on the position adjustment slide (117); and two through holes engaging with the engaging long rods (118) are provided on the partition slide (115).

8. The apple screening and sorting device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper surface of the cleaning sieve plate (113) is parallel to the inner surface of the fruit outlet trough plate (109); the upper surface of the sorting half sieve plate (114) is parallel to the upper surface of the cleaning sieve plate (113); and shielding plates (111) are symmetrically fixedly provided on the bottom plate (101); the shielding plates (111) are used to prevent apples from falling from the conveying group (108).

9. The apple screening and sorting device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A dryer (112) is symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate (101), and the dryer (112) is used to dry the apples transported by the transport group (108). The auxiliary slide (102) is slidably mounted on the bottom plate (101), and an auxiliary screw rod (104) is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate (101). The auxiliary slide (102) and the auxiliary screw rod (104) form a spiral pair.

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