Cardanol-based polyether polyol as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to cardanol-based polyether polyol as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The cardanol-based polyether polyol is mainly used for solving the problems of strong odor and poor air permeability and mechanical property of flexible polyurethane foam in the prior art. According to the present invention, the novel cardanol-based polyether polyol is adopted, the cardanol-based polyether polyol uses a cardanol tripolymer as an initiator, ethylene oxide I and propylene oxide are subjected to mixed polymerization, and ethylene oxide II is continuously used to perform end capping, such that the problem is well solved with the prepared cardanol-based polyether polyol, the method can be applied to polyurethane flexible foam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a cardanol-based polyether polyol and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Polyether polyols are a type of polymer obtained by ring-opening polymerization of an initiator with an alkylene oxide under the action of a catalyst. The initiator of polyether polyols refers to a low molecular weight compound containing active hydrogen atoms. The properties of polyether polyols synthesized from different initiators are very different. Common initiators include propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, diethylene glycol, etc. These common initiators are derived from petrochemical products and are non-renewable resources. With the increasing reduction of petrochemical resources, finding renewable initiators to prepare bio-based polyether polyols has become a trend in the polyether polyol industry.

[0003] Polyurethane soft foam is widely used in car seats, sofas, mattresses and other products due to its excellent resilience, light weight, wear resistance and comfortable feel. At present, the polyether polyol used in polyurethane soft foam is petroleum-based polyether polyol. With the shortage of oil resources, the price of petrochemical products continues to rise. Therefore, bio-based polyurethane soft foam has a high research value.

[0004] Most of the publicly available bio-based polyether polyols are made from vegetable oils. Since vegetable oils contain a large amount of unsaturated fatty acid glycerides, which are formed by combining unsaturated acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid with glycerol, they do not contain hydroxyl groups. Generally, they need to be epoxidized or ozonized by unsaturated double bonds on the vegetable oil molecular chain, and then hydroxylated with compounds with active hydrogen such as alcohols or acids under the action of a catalyst to introduce hydroxyl structures to prepare polyols with certain functionality and relative molecular mass. The preparation process is relatively complicated, and most vegetable oil polyols are used in the field of polyurethane rigid foam.

[0005] Chinese patent CN101121784B discloses a method for preparing castor oil polyether polyol. The product can be used for preparing soft foam, but it will cause closed cells in the foam.

[0006] Chinese patent CN107057052 A discloses castor oil-based polyether polyol and polyurethane soft foam plastics prepared therefrom, and has excellent mechanical properties. However, since castor oil contains more than 80% ricinoleic acid, the sponge product has a strong odor.

[0007] He Ming and others from the School of Science at Nanjing Forestry University studied the application of castor oil polyether polyols in polyurethane soft foams (Polyurethane Industry. 2009, 24(06): 33-35). They found that the tensile strength, elongation and indentation hardness of PU foams made with castor oil polyether polyols C220 and C230 with relative molecular weights of 2000 and 3000 were similar to those of H-330 polyether polyol. However, when the relative molecular weight of castor oil polyether polyols exceeded 4000, the tensile strength, elongation and indentation hardness of PU foams decreased significantly.

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing a cardanol-based polyether polyol, which can obtain a bio-based polyether polyol with a simple process and convenient industrial production, and can be applied to the field of polyurethane soft foam. The prepared polyurethane soft foam has low odor, good air permeability and mechanical properties. Summary of the invention

[0009] One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is that the polyurethane soft foam in the prior art has the problems of strong odor, poor air permeability and mechanical properties. A new cardanol-based polyether polyol is provided. The polyurethane soft foam prepared by the polyether polyol has low odor, good air permeability and mechanical properties.

[0010] The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a cardanol-based polyether polyol corresponding to the first technical problem to be solved.

[0011] The third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an application of cardanol-based polyether polyol corresponding to solving the first technical problem.

[0012] In order to solve one of the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a cardanol-based polyether polyol, the structural formula of the cardanol-based polyether polyol is as follows:

[0013]

[0014] Among them, R2 is a mixed chain segment of ethylene oxide I and propylene oxide, and R3 is ethylene oxide II;

[0015] The R1 is a saturated hydrocarbon chain containing 15 carbon atoms or an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain containing monoolefins, dienes, or triolefins, and has the following structure:

[0016]

[0017] In the above technical scheme, preferably, the molar ratio of propylene oxide in R2: ethylene oxide I is 0.7-5.5:1; the molar ratio of ethylene oxide II in R3: ethylene oxide I in R2 is 1:0.4-7.

[0018] In order to solve the second technical problem above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a method for preparing the aforementioned cardanol-based polyether polyol, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0019] (1) adding a cardanol trimer initiator and a phosphazene catalyst into a high temperature and high pressure resistant reaction kettle equipped with a stirring device; replacing with nitrogen and maintaining vacuum in the kettle;

[0020] (2) introducing the epoxy mixture into the reaction kettle in sequence for reaction, controlling the reaction temperature to 85-95° C. and the reaction pressure to ≤0.45 MPa, and aging for 2-3 hours after the addition is completed; continuing to introduce ethylene oxide II at 0-0.01 MPa for end-capping, controlling the temperature in the kettle to 95-105° C. and the pressure in the kettle to ≤0.45 MPa, and aging for 1-2 hours after the addition is completed to obtain crude ether I;

[0021] (3) Based on the mass percentage of crude ether I, 2-6% water and 1.0-10‰ adsorbent are added to the crude ether I, stirred for 1-2 hours, vacuum-dehydrated for 3-4 hours until the water content is less than 0.1%, and filtered to obtain cardanol-based polyether polyol.

[0022] In the above technical solution, preferably, the hydroxyl value of the cardanol-based polyether polyol is 28.05 to 112.2 mgKOH / g

[0023] In the above technical solution, preferably, the initiator is a cardanol trimer, and the structure is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] Wherein R is a saturated hydrocarbon chain containing 15 carbon atoms or an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain containing monoolefins, dienes or triolefins.

[0026] In the above technical solution, preferably, the amount of the phosphazene catalyst used is 0.1 to 0.5% of the cardanol trimer, epoxy mixture and ethylene oxide II.

[0027] In the above technical solution, preferably, the epoxy mixture is obtained by mixing propylene oxide and ethylene oxide I in a mass ratio of 1:0.1-1.

[0028] In the above technical solution, preferably, the ethylene oxide II is 0 to 15% of the total mass of the cardanol trimer, the epoxy mixture and ethylene oxide II.

[0029] In order to solve the third of the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: an application of the aforementioned cardanol-based polyether polyol in polyurethane soft foam.

[0030] In the above technical scheme, preferably, the polyurethane foam material is composed of component A and component B, wherein, by weight, component A includes: 40 to 80 parts of cardanol-based polyether polyol, 20 to 60 parts of polyether polyol, 0.1 to 0.5 parts of amine catalyst, 0.1 to 0.5 parts of stannous octoate catalyst, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of foam stabilizer, and 2 to 3 parts of foaming agent; component B includes 40 to 50 parts of isocyanate.

[0031] In the above technical solution, preferably, the foam stabilizer is selected from at least one of B-8002 or L-580.

[0032] The present invention provides a cardanol-based polyether polyol and a preparation method and application thereof, solves the problem that polyurethane soft foam has a strong odor, poor air permeability and mechanical properties in the prior art, provides a new cardanol-based polyether polyol, and the polyurethane soft foam prepared by the polyether polyol has low odor, good air permeability and mechanical properties; the polyether polyol prepared by the present invention using cardanol trimer as an initiator has a rigid benzene ring structure, and since the cohesive energy of the benzene ring is high and the rigidity is large, the polyurethane sponge prepared by using such polyether polyol as a soft segment will have higher mechanical strength. By adjusting the structure of the polyether polyol, the gel speed when it reacts with isocyanate during the foaming process and the foaming speed when the foaming agent reacts with isocyanate are kept in a balanced state, so as to achieve the purpose of good foam permeability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Table 1 List of raw materials

[0034] Raw material name Brand and manufacturer Polyether polyol 1 CHE-307, Changhua Chemical Polyether polyol 2 CHE-330N, Changhua Chemical Catalyst A33 Evonik Catalyst Stannous Octoate Maitu Foam stabilizer silicone oil L-580 Maitu Foam stabilizer silicone oil B-8002 Evonik Isocyanate TDI-80 Covestro

[0035] [Example 1]

[0036] 900 g of cardanol trimer and 6.05 g of phosphazene catalyst were added to a 5L high temperature and high pressure reactor equipped with a stirring device. The mixture was replaced with nitrogen 5 times, the vacuum in the reactor was maintained, the temperature in the reactor was raised to 85 ° C, dehydrated for 1 hour, and 1950 g of epoxy mixture including 975 g of propylene oxide and 975 g of ethylene oxide I was slowly and uniformly introduced at -0.01 MPa, and the temperature in the reactor was controlled at 85-95 ° C, and the pressure in the reactor was controlled at ≤0.45 MPa. After the addition was completed, it was aged for 3 hours; 150 g of ethylene oxide II was continued to be introduced at 0.01 MPa, the temperature in the reactor was controlled at 95-105 ° C, and the pressure in the reactor was controlled at ≤0.45 MPa. After the addition was completed, it was aged for 2 hours to obtain crude ether A.

[0037] 170 g of water was added to the crude ether A, stirred and heated to 85° C., 7.8 g of magnesium silicate and 7.6 g of aluminum silicate were added, stirred for 1.5 hours, vacuum dehydration was started, and the temperature was gradually raised to 115° C. Dehydration was performed for 3 hours until the water content was less than 0.1%, and cardanol polyether polyol A was obtained by suction filtration.

[0038] [Example 2]

[0039] 675 g of cardanol trimer and 6.19 g of phosphazene catalyst were added to a 5L high temperature and high pressure reactor equipped with a stirring device. The mixture was replaced with nitrogen 5 times, the vacuum in the reactor was maintained, the temperature in the reactor was raised to 85 ° C, dehydrated for 1 hour, and 2025 g of epoxy mixture was slowly and uniformly introduced at -0.01 MPa, including 1620 g of propylene oxide and 405 g of ethylene oxide I. The temperature in the reactor was controlled at 85-95 ° C, and the pressure in the reactor was controlled at ≤0.45 MPa. After the addition was completed, it was aged for 3 hours; 300 g of ethylene oxide II was continued to be introduced at 0.01 MPa, the temperature in the reactor was controlled at 95-105 ° C, and the pressure in the reactor was controlled at ≤0.45 MPa. After the addition was completed, it was aged for 2 hours to obtain crude ether B.

[0040] Add 166 g of water to the crude ether B, stir and heat to 85° C., add 8.1 g of magnesium silicate and 8.2 g of aluminum silicate, stir for 1.5 hours, start vacuum dehydration, and gradually raise the temperature to 115° C. Dehydrate for 3 hours until the water content is less than 0.1%, and filter to obtain cardanol polyether polyol B.

[0041] [Example 3]

[0042] 540 g of cardanol trimer CN900T and 7.38 g of phosphazene catalyst were added to a 5L high temperature and high pressure reactor equipped with a stirring device. The reaction mixture was replaced with nitrogen 5 times, the vacuum in the reactor was maintained, the temperature in the reactor was raised to 85 ° C, dehydrated for 1 hour, and 2105 g of epoxy mixture was slowly and uniformly introduced at -0.01 MPa, including 1837.5 g of propylene oxide and 262.5 g of ethylene oxide. The temperature in the reactor was controlled at 85-95 ° C, and the pressure in the reactor was controlled at ≤0.45 MPa. After the addition was completed, it was aged for 3 hours; 360 g of ethylene oxide was continued to be introduced at 0.01 MPa, the temperature in the reactor was controlled at 95-105 ° C, and the pressure in the reactor was controlled at ≤0.45 MPa. After the addition was completed, it was aged for 2 hours to obtain crude ether C.

[0043] 182 g of water was added to the crude ether C, stirred and heated to 85° C. 8.5 g of magnesium silicate and 8.7 g of aluminum silicate were added, stirred for 1.5 hours, vacuum dehydration was started, and the temperature was gradually raised to 115° C. Dehydration was performed for 3 hours until the water content was less than 0.1%, and cardanol polyether polyol C was obtained by suction filtration.

[0044] [Example 4]

[0045] 450 g of cardanol trimer and 7.40 g of phosphazene catalyst were added to a 5L high temperature and high pressure reactor equipped with a stirring device. The reaction mixture was replaced with nitrogen 5 times, the vacuum in the reactor was maintained, the temperature in the reactor was raised to 85 ° C, dehydrated for 1 hour, and 2100 g of epoxy mixture was slowly and uniformly introduced at -0.01 MPa, including 1909 g of propylene oxide and 191 g of ethylene oxide. The temperature in the reactor was controlled at 85-95 ° C, and the pressure in the reactor was controlled at ≤0.45 MPa. After the addition was completed, it was aged for 3 hours; 450 g of ethylene oxide was continued to be introduced at 0.01 MPa, the temperature in the reactor was controlled at 95-105 ° C, and the pressure in the reactor was controlled at ≤0.45 MPa. After the addition was completed, it was aged for 2 hours to obtain crude ether D.

[0046] 178 g of water was added to the crude ether D, stirred and heated to 85° C., 8.6 g of magnesium silicate and 8.8 g of aluminum silicate were added, stirred for 1.5 hours, vacuum dehydration was started, and the temperature was gradually raised to 115° C. Dehydration was performed for 3 hours until the water content was less than 0.1%, and cardanol polyether polyol D was obtained by suction filtration.

[0047] [Example 5]

[0048] 1800g of cardanol trimer CN900T and 8.63g of phosphazene catalyst were added to a 5L high temperature and high pressure reactor equipped with a stirring device, and the mixture was replaced with nitrogen 5 times. The vacuum in the reactor was maintained, and the temperature in the reactor was raised to 85°C. Dehydration was performed for 1 hour, and 1000g of epoxy mixture was slowly and uniformly introduced at -0.01Mpa, including 600g of propylene oxide and 400g of ethylene oxide. The temperature in the reactor was controlled at 85-95°C, and the pressure in the reactor was controlled at ≤0.45Mpa. After the addition was completed, the mixture was aged for 3 hours; 200g of ethylene oxide was continued to be introduced at 0.01Mpa, and the temperature in the reactor was controlled at 95-105°C, and the pressure in the reactor was controlled at ≤0.45Mpa. After the addition was completed, the mixture was aged for 2 hours to obtain crude ether E.

[0049] 152 g of water was added to the crude ether E, stirred and heated to 85° C., 6.3 g of magnesium silicate and 6.5 g of aluminum silicate were added, stirred for 1.5 hours, vacuum dehydration was started, and the temperature was gradually raised to 115° C. Dehydration was performed for 3 hours until the water content was less than 0.1%, and cardanol polyether polyol E was obtained by suction filtration.

[0050] [Comparative Example 1]

[0051] 558 g of castor oil and 7.38 g of phosphazene catalyst were added to a 5L high temperature and high pressure reactor equipped with a stirring device. The reaction mixture was replaced with nitrogen 5 times. The vacuum in the reactor was maintained. The temperature in the reactor was raised to 85°C and dehydrated for 1 hour. 2082 g of epoxy mixture, including 1822 g of propylene oxide and 260 g of ethylene oxide, was slowly and uniformly introduced at -0.01 MPa. The temperature in the reactor was controlled at 85-95°C and the pressure in the reactor was controlled at ≤0.45 MPa. After the addition was completed, the reaction mixture was aged for 3 hours. 360 g of ethylene oxide was continued to be introduced at 0.01 MPa. The temperature in the reactor was controlled at 95-105°C and the pressure in the reactor was controlled at ≤0.45 MPa. After the addition was completed, the reaction mixture was aged for 2 hours to obtain crude ether F.

[0052] 182 g of water was added to the crude ether F, stirred and heated to 85° C., 8.5 g of magnesium silicate and 8.7 g of aluminum silicate were added, stirred for 1.5 hours, vacuum dehydration was started, and the temperature was gradually raised to 115° C. Dehydration was performed for 3 hours until the water content was less than 0.1%, and cardanol polyether polyol F was obtained by suction filtration.

[0053] [Example 6]

[0054] Prepare component A and component B according to the following formula:

[0055] Component A: 80g of cardanol polyether polyol A, 120g of polyether polyol, 0.15g of catalyst A-33, 0.1g of stannous octoate, 0.52g of silicone oil L-580, and 2.5g of water

[0056] Component B: TDI-8042.5g

[0057] First, component A is stirred in a mixer at a rotation speed of 5000 rpm for 20 to 30 seconds to mix it evenly; then component A and component B are mixed evenly, stirred for 5 to 8 seconds, quickly poured into a mold, and then placed at room temperature for 48 hours to obtain a bio-based polyurethane soft foam.

[0058] [Example 7]

[0059] Prepare component A and component B according to the following formula:

[0060] Component A: Cardanol polyether polyol B 70g, polyether polyol 130g, catalyst A-330.2g, stannous octoate 0.11, silicone oil L-58000.25g, silicone oil B-80020.73g, water 2.5g

[0061] B component: TDI-8043.9g

[0062] First, component A is stirred in a mixer at a rotation speed of 5000 rpm for 20 to 30 seconds to mix it evenly; then component A and component B are mixed evenly, stirred for 5 to 8 seconds, quickly poured into a mold, and then placed at room temperature for 48 hours to obtain a bio-based polyurethane soft foam.

[0063] [Example 8]

[0064] Prepare component A and component B according to the following formula:

[0065] Component A: Cardanol polyether polyol C 60g, polyether polyol 140g, catalyst A-33 0.23g, stannous octoate 0.12g, silicone oil L-580 0.23g, silicone oil B-800 20.78g, water 2.6g

[0066] B component: TDI-8047.5g

[0067] First, component A is stirred in a mixer at a rotation speed of 5000 rpm for 20 to 30 seconds to mix it evenly; then component A and component B are mixed evenly, stirred for 5 to 8 seconds, quickly poured into a mold, and then placed at room temperature for 48 hours to obtain a bio-based polyurethane soft foam.

[0068] [Example 9]

[0069] Prepare component A and component B according to the following formula:

[0070] Component A: 50g of cardanol polyether polyol D, 150g of polyether polyol, 0.25g of catalyst A-33, 0.15g of stannous octoate, 0.20g of silicone oil L-580, 20.82g of silicone oil B-800, and 2.6g of water

[0071] Component B: TDI-8048.2g

[0072] First, component A is stirred in a mixer at a rotation speed of 5000 rpm for 20 to 30 seconds to mix it evenly; then component A and component B are mixed evenly, stirred for 5 to 8 seconds, quickly poured into a mold, and then placed at room temperature for 48 hours to obtain a bio-based polyurethane soft foam.

[0073] [Example 10]

[0074] Prepare component A and component B according to the following formula:

[0075] Component A: 40 g of cardanol-based polyether polyol E, 260 g of polyether polyol, 0.21 g of catalyst A-33, 0.10 g of stannous octoate, 0.5 g of silicone oil L-580, and 3.0 g of water.

[0076] Component B: TDI-8042.9g

[0077] First, component A is stirred in a mixer at a rotation speed of 5000 rpm for 20 to 30 seconds to mix it evenly; then component A and component B are mixed evenly, stirred for 5 to 8 seconds, quickly poured into a mold, and then placed at room temperature for 48 hours to obtain a bio-based polyurethane soft foam.

[0078] [Comparative Example 2]

[0079] Prepare component A and component B according to the following formula:

[0080] Component A: polyether polyol F 60g, polyether polyol 140g, catalyst A-33 0.2g3, stannous octoate 0.12g, silicone oil L-580 0.23g, silicone oil B-800 20.78g, water 2.6g

[0081] B component: TDI-8047.5g

[0082] First, component A is stirred in a mixer at a rotation speed of 5000 rpm for 20 to 30 seconds to mix it evenly; then component A and component B are mixed evenly, stirred for 5 to 8 seconds, quickly poured into a mold, and then placed at room temperature for 48 hours to obtain a bio-based polyurethane soft foam.

[0083] [Comparative Example 3]

[0084] Prepare component A and component B according to the following formula:

[0085] Component A: polyether polyol 140g, polyether polyol 260g, catalyst A-33 0.23g, stannous octoate 0.12g, silicone oil L-580 0.23g, silicone oil B-800 20.78g, water 2.6g

[0086] B component: TDI-8047.5g

[0087] First, component A is stirred in a mixer at a speed of 5000 rpm for 20 to 30 seconds to mix it evenly; then component A and component B are mixed evenly, stirred for 5 to 8 seconds, quickly poured into a mold, and then placed at room temperature for 48 hours to obtain a bio-based polyurethane soft foam.

[0088] Odor test method for polyether polyols: put 100 ml of polyether polyol into a 200 ml glass bottle, prepare two portions of the same polyether, place them in an oven at room temperature of 25°C and 80°C for 2 hours respectively, then have 8 to 10 people smell the two portions of polyether every 10 minutes, give odor ratings according to the standards in the table below, and take the average of each person's ratings as the final result; refer to VDA270 for the odor rating standard.

[0089] Table 2 Polyether polyol odor test standard (VDA270-2018)

[0090]

[0091] Table 3 Physical property test indicators of bio-based polyether polyols prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] Table 4 Properties of polyurethane soft foams prepared in Examples 6 to 10 and Comparative Examples 2 to 3

[0095]

[0096] It can be seen from the test data of the embodiments and comparative examples that the polyurethane soft foam prepared by the cashew phenol based polyether polyol provided by the present invention can effectively improve the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and tear strength compared with the polyurethane soft foam prepared by castor oil polyol, and can also improve the air permeability and reduce the foam odor; the polyurethane soft foam prepared by the cashew phenol based polyether polyol provided by the present invention is slightly improved in tensile strength, tear strength, air permeability, etc. compared with the polyurethane soft foam prepared by petroleum-based polyether polyol, and can achieve the effect of replacing petroleum-based polyether polyol, achieve the purpose of green environmental protection, and achieve good technical effects.

Claims

1. A cardanol-based polyether polyol, characterized in that: The structural formula of the cardanol trimer polyether polyol is as follows: Among them, R2 is a mixed chain segment of ethylene oxide I and propylene oxide, and R3 is ethylene oxide II; The R1 is a saturated hydrocarbon chain containing 15 carbon atoms or an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain containing monoolefins, dienes, or triolefins, and has the following structure:

2. The cardanol-based polyether polyol according to claim 1, characterized in that Propylene oxide in the R2: The molar ratio of ethylene oxide I is 0.7-5.5:1; the molar ratio of ethylene oxide II in R3: ethylene oxide I in R2 is 1:0.4-7.

3. A method for preparing the cardanol-based polyether polyol according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) adding a cardanol trimer initiator and a phosphazene catalyst into a high temperature and high pressure resistant reaction kettle equipped with a stirring device; replacing with nitrogen and maintaining vacuum in the kettle; (2) introducing the epoxy mixture into the reaction kettle in sequence for reaction, controlling the reaction temperature to 85-95° C. and the reaction pressure to ≤0.45 MPa, and aging for 2-3 hours after the addition is completed; continuing to introduce ethylene oxide II at 0-0.01 MPa for end-capping, controlling the temperature in the kettle to 95-105° C. and the pressure in the kettle to ≤0.45 MPa, and aging for 1-2 hours after the addition is completed to obtain crude ether I; (3) Based on the mass percentage of crude ether I, 2-6% water and 1.0-10‰ adsorbent are added to the crude ether I, stirred for 1-2 hours, vacuum-dehydrated for 3-4 hours until the water content is less than 0.1%, and filtered to obtain cardanol-based polyether polyol.

4. The method for preparing the cardanol-based polyether polyol according to claim 2, wherein The hydroxyl value of the cardanol-based polyether polyol is 28.05-112.2 mgKOH / g; the mass ratio of the cardanol trimer to the epoxy mixture is 1:0.5-5.

5. The method for preparing the cardanol-based polyether polyol according to claim 2, wherein: The initiator is a cardanol trimer, and the structure is as follows: Wherein R is a saturated hydrocarbon chain containing 15 carbon atoms or an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain containing monoolefins, dienes or triolefins.

6. The method for preparing the cardanol-based polyether polyol according to claim 2, wherein: The amount of the phosphazene catalyst used is 0.1-0.5% of the total mass of the cardanol trimer, the epoxy mixture and ethylene oxide II; the epoxy mixture is obtained by mixing propylene oxide and ethylene oxide I in a mass ratio of 1:0.1-1.

7. The method for preparing the cardanol-based polyether polyol according to claim 2, wherein: The ethylene oxide II is 0-15% of the total mass of the cardanol trimer, the epoxy mixture and the ethylene oxide II.

8. Use of the cardanol-based polyether polyol according to claim 1 in polyurethane soft foam.

9. The use of the cardanol-based polyether polyol in polyurethane soft foam according to claim 8, characterized in that: The polyurethane foam material is composed of component A and component B, wherein, by weight, component A comprises: 40 to 80 parts of cardanol polyether polyol, 20 to 60 parts of polyether polyol, 0.1 to 0.5 parts of amine catalyst, 0.1 to 0.5 parts of stannous octoate catalyst, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of foam stabilizer, and 2 to 3 parts of foaming agent; component B comprises 40 to 50 parts of isocyanate.

10. The use of the cardanol-based polyether polyol in polyurethane soft foam according to claim 9, characterized in that: The foam stabilizer is selected from at least one of B-8002 and L-580.

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