Preparation method of soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of anti-icing coatings, and in particular to a method for preparing a soft-hard composite anti-icing coating with low ice adhesion, comprising: step S1.1, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-90 parts by weight of a modified epoxy resin, 10-25 parts by weight of an acrylic resin, 6-8 parts by weight of vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 1-3 parts by weight of a hydrogenated silicone oil, 0.5-1 parts by weight of a platinum catalyst, 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of an emulsifier, 5-10 parts by weight of coconut shell activated carbon, 10-25 parts by weight of an octadecyltriethoxysilane, and 10 parts by weight of an octadecyltriethoxysilane. 1-13 parts by weight, 0.4-0.8 parts by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate, 8-12 parts by weight of isophorone diamine, 7-9 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane and 1-3 parts by weight of aliphatic polyisocyanate; modified epoxy resin is prepared from bisphenol A epoxy resin, o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine and 1-aminobenzotriazole; S1.2, preparation of soft particles; S1.3, preparation of hard particles; S1.4, preparation of coating; the use of modified epoxy resin improves the anti-icing, wear resistance and durability of the anti-icing coating.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anti-icing coatings, and in particular to a method for preparing a soft-hard composite anti-icing coating with low ice adhesion. Background Art

[0002] Research on anti-icing coatings for power systems has received widespread attention in recent years and has made significant progress. In terms of hydrophobic coatings, researchers have used bionic design to imitate natural hydrophobic surfaces such as lotus leaves, used nanotechnology to construct microscopic rough structures, and combined with low surface energy materials to effectively reduce the adhesion between the ice layer and the coating. For example, nano-silica and fluororesin composite coatings showed excellent hydrophobicity and anti-icing properties under experimental conditions. At the same time, research on electrothermal coatings has also achieved remarkable results. By adding conductive fillers such as graphene and carbon nanotubes to the coating, heat can be generated to melt ice when power is turned on, thereby actively responding to the threat of icing.

[0003] However, the durability of hydrophobic coatings still needs to be further improved. Under long-term outdoor exposure, the hydrophobic properties of the coating will gradually decrease, which directly affects the anti-icing effect and long-term durability of the coating. In view of this, we propose a preparation method for a soft-hard composite anti-icing coating with low ice adhesion. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for preparing a soft-hard composite anti-icing coating with low ice adhesion, comprising the following steps: S1.1, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-90 parts by weight of a modified epoxy resin, 10-25 parts by weight of an acrylic resin, 6-8 parts by weight of a vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 1-3 parts by weight of a hydrogenated silicone oil, 0.5-1 parts by weight of a platinum catalyst, 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of an emulsifier, 5-10 parts by weight of coconut shell activated carbon, 11-13 parts by weight of octadecyltriethoxysilane, 0.4-0.8 parts by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate, 8-12 parts by weight of isophoronediamine, 7-9 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane, and 1-3 parts by weight of an aliphatic polyisocyanate;

[0006] The modified epoxy resin is prepared by mixing bisphenol A epoxy resin and o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine in a mass ratio of 50:6-8, and adding 1-aminobenzotriazole;

[0007] S1.2, preparing silicone rubber microspheres, i.e., soft particles, from vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, hydrogenated silicone oil, platinum catalyst, emulsifier, and deionized water;

[0008] S1.3, preparing hard hydrophobic activated carbon particles, i.e., hard particles, from coconut shell activated carbon, octadecyltriethoxysilane, anhydrous ethanol, and dibutyltin dilaurate;

[0009] S1.4. Place acrylic resin and modified epoxy resin in a beaker, then add soft particles and hard particles to the beaker containing the mixed resin, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at a constant speed of 300-400 rpm at room temperature for 15-20 minutes to ensure that the mixture is evenly blended, then ultrasonically treat the mixture for 15-20 minutes, add isophorone diamine, continue ultrasonication for 2-3 minutes, stop ultrasonication, add polydimethylsiloxane, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at 300-400 rpm at room temperature for 10-15 minutes, finally add aliphatic polyisocyanate, and continue stirring the mixture for 3-5 minutes to obtain a low ice adhesion coating.

[0010] The performance of the coating is improved by introducing a combination of hard and soft particles. The hard particles can enhance the hardness and wear resistance of the coating, effectively resisting external friction and wear. At the same time, the soft particles can improve the toughness of the coating and reduce brittle fracture. The combination of the two can reduce the adhesion of ice and snow to the coating through a local stress concentration mechanism, promote the rapid shedding of the ice layer, and thus enhance the anti-icing effect and long-term durability of the coating.

[0011] Preferably, the specific steps involved in S1.2 are:

[0012] Add vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, hydrogenated silicone oil and platinum catalyst to a constant temperature reactor, add emulsifier and deionized water to another beaker, stir at 2000-3000 rpm for 20-30 minutes to form an emulsion, transfer the emulsion to a constant temperature reactor, react at 50-60°C for 2-3 hours, and continue stirring during the reaction. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is naturally cooled and centrifuged at a centrifugal rate of 1000-2000 rpm for 3-5 minutes, then washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for 2-3 times respectively, and finally dried at 70-80°C for 1-2 hours to obtain silicone rubber microspheres, i.e. soft particles.

[0013] Preferably, in S1.2, the mass ratio of the emulsifier to the deionized water in the emulsion is 1:100-200, and the particle size of the silicone rubber microspheres is in the range of 3-7 μm.

[0014] Preferably, the specific steps involved in S1.3 are:

[0015] The coconut shell activated carbon is dried in a vacuum drying oven at 100-120° C. for 12-18 hours, then ground through a 250 mesh sieve, octadecyltriethoxysilane is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a silane solution, and dibutyltin dilaurate is added, mixed and stirred evenly to obtain a hydrophobic modifier, the ground coconut shell activated carbon powder is mixed with the hydrophobic modifier, and ultrasonically treated for 50-60 minutes, then transferred to a three-necked flask, stirred in a water bath at 60-70° C. for 6-8 hours, cooled and centrifuged after the reaction is completed, washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for 2-3 times respectively, and finally vacuum dried at 60-80° C. for 12-18 hours to obtain hard hydrophobic activated carbon particles, i.e., hard particles.

[0016] Preferably, in S1.3, the mass fraction of the silane solution is 1-3%, and the mass ratio of the ground coconut shell activated carbon powder to the hydrophobic modifier is 1:10-15.

[0017] Preferably, in said S1.4, the amount of soft particles added accounts for 1-10% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating.

[0018] Preferably, in S1.4, the amount of hard particles added is 1-8% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating.

[0019] Preferably, in S1.4, the steps of preparing the modified epoxy resin are specifically as follows:

[0020] Assemble a magnetic stirrer and a condenser in a dry flask, first add dichloromethane to the flask, then add bisphenol A epoxy resin, start stirring, and after the epoxy resin is completely dissolved, add o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine and continue stirring. Heat the reaction mixture to 50-60°C. When the temperature stabilizes, add 1-aminobenzotriazole, keep stirring and react at this temperature for 1-2 hours to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

[0021] The amino group of o-trifluoromethylphenethylamine can undergo a nucleophilic addition reaction with the epoxy group in the epoxy resin, opening the epoxy ring and forming a cross-linked network, promoting the curing process of the epoxy resin, and forming a strong and durable three-dimensional polymer network. The trifluoromethyl group (-CF3) has extremely low surface energy and good hydrophobicity, which can significantly reduce the surface energy of the material, enhance the waterproof performance of the coating, help reduce ice adhesion, and improve resistance to various chemicals. Epoxy resin coatings containing trifluoromethyl groups also exhibit better anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties, while providing better protection in harsh environments. The aromatic structure can give the material higher thermal stability; and the trifluoromethyl group helps to improve the material's high temperature resistance. In addition, the rigid aromatic skeleton can also increase the cross-linking density, thereby improving the hardness and wear resistance of the material, so that the final epoxy resin material has better thermal stability and mechanical strength.

[0022] Due to the aromatic structure and the presence of a trifluoromethyl group, o-trifluoromethylphenethylamine has low reactivity. Therefore, 1-aminobenzotriazole is added to improve the reactivity of o-trifluoromethylphenethylamine. Since 1-aminobenzotriazole contains an amino group, which is a basic functional group, it can act as a proton acceptor to increase the nucleophilicity of the epoxy group, thereby accelerating the cross-linking reaction between the epoxy resin and the amine curing agent. In addition, the benzotriazole ring itself is relatively stable and not prone to decomposition or rearrangement reactions. It also has good ultraviolet absorption capacity, which can reduce degradation caused by ultraviolet rays and can be used to improve the weather resistance and aging resistance of the material.

[0023] Preferably, the amount of 1-aminobenzotriazole added is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the bisphenol A epoxy resin.

[0024] Preferably, the added amount of dichloromethane is 20-30% of the mass of the epoxy resin.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] In the preparation method of the soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating, o-trifluoromethylphenethylamine is used to improve the hydrophobicity of bisphenol A epoxy resin, which can reduce the contact area between water molecules and the surface, form larger water droplets and easily roll off, thereby reducing the formation of ice on the surface and reducing ice adhesion. At the same time, the alkalinity of 1-aminobenzotriazole is used to, on the one hand, improve the activity of o-trifluoromethylphenethylamine and promote the reaction of o-trifluoromethylphenethylamine linking to bisphenol A epoxy resin. On the other hand, the ultraviolet absorption capacity of the benzotriazole ring is used to improve the weather resistance and anti-aging properties of the material. In addition, a composite structure of hard particles and soft particles is introduced at the same time, and the hard particles are used to enhance the mechanical strength, while the soft particles reduce brittleness and improve toughness. Under the synergistic effect, the mechanical properties of the material can be effectively improved, and a local stress concentration area can be formed on the surface of the material, which helps to guide stress concentration when the ice layer is formed, thereby promoting the local cracking and shedding of the ice layer, and effectively accelerating the shedding process of the ice. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] The present invention provides a method for preparing a soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating:

[0029] S1.1. Weigh the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-90 parts by weight of modified epoxy resin, 10-25 parts by weight of acrylic resin, 6-8 parts by weight of vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 1-3 parts by weight of hydrogenated silicone oil, 0.5-1 parts by weight of platinum catalyst, 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of emulsifier, 5-10 parts by weight of coconut shell activated carbon, 11-13 parts by weight of octadecyltriethoxysilane, 0.4-0.8 parts by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate, 8-12 parts by weight of isophoronediamine, 7-9 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane, and 1-3 parts by weight of aliphatic polyisocyanate;

[0030] The modified epoxy resin is prepared by mixing bisphenol A epoxy resin and o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine in a mass ratio of 50:6-8, and adding 1-aminobenzotriazole;

[0031] S1.2. Add vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, hydrogenated silicone oil, and platinum catalyst to a constant temperature reactor. Add emulsifier and deionized water to another beaker, stir at 2000-3000 rpm for 20-30 min to form an emulsion, transfer the emulsion to a constant temperature reactor, and react at 50-60°C for 2-3 h. Stir continuously during the reaction. After the reaction is completed, cool the mixture naturally and centrifuge at 1000-2000 rpm for 3-5 min. Then, wash with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol 2-3 times, respectively, and finally dry at 70-80°C for 1-2 h to obtain silicone rubber microspheres, i.e., soft particles.

[0032] S1.3, drying the coconut shell activated carbon in a vacuum drying oven at 100-120°C for 12-18 hours, then grinding it through a 250 mesh sieve, dissolving octadecyltriethoxysilane in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a silane solution, adding dibutyltin dilaurate, mixing and stirring to obtain a hydrophobic modifier, mixing the ground coconut shell activated carbon powder with the hydrophobic modifier, ultrasonically treating for 50-60 minutes, and then transferring it to a three-necked flask, stirring and reacting in a water bath at 60-70°C for 6-8 hours, cooling and centrifuging after the reaction is completed, washing with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for 2-3 times respectively, and finally vacuum drying at 60-80°C for 12-18 hours to obtain hard hydrophobic activated carbon particles, i.e., hard particles;

[0033] S1.4. Place acrylic resin and modified epoxy resin in a beaker, then add soft particles and hard particles to the beaker containing the mixed resin, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at a constant speed of 300-400 rpm at room temperature for 15-20 minutes to ensure that the mixture is evenly blended, then ultrasonically treat the mixture for 15-20 minutes, add isophorone diamine, continue ultrasonication for 2-3 minutes, stop ultrasonication, add polydimethylsiloxane, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at 300-400 rpm at room temperature for 10-15 minutes, finally add aliphatic polyisocyanate, and continue stirring the mixture for 3-5 minutes to obtain a low ice adhesion coating.

[0034] Wherein, the emulsifier is Tween 80 emulsifier.

[0035] Example 1: A method for preparing a soft-hard composite anti-icing coating with low ice adhesion, comprising the following steps:

[0036] S1.1. Weigh the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts by weight of modified epoxy resin, 25 parts by weight of acrylic resin, 8 parts by weight of vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 3 parts by weight of hydrogenated silicone oil, 1 part by weight of platinum catalyst, 1.2 parts by weight of Tween 80 emulsifier, 10 parts by weight of coconut shell activated carbon, 13 parts by weight of octadecyltriethoxysilane, 0.8 parts by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate, 12 parts by weight of isophoronediamine, 9 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane, and 3 parts by weight of aliphatic polyisocyanate;

[0037] The modified epoxy resin is prepared by mixing bisphenol A epoxy resin and o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine in a mass ratio of 50:6, and adding 1-aminobenzotriazole. The amount of 1-aminobenzotriazole added is 0.1% of the mass of the bisphenol A epoxy resin. The amount of soft particles added accounts for 5% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating; the amount of hard particles added accounts for 3% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating.

[0038] A dry flask was equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a condenser. Dichloromethane was first added to the flask, followed by bisphenol A epoxy resin. The amount of dichloromethane added was 30% of the mass of the epoxy resin. Stirring was started. After the epoxy resin was completely dissolved, o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine was added. Stirring was continued. The reaction mixture was heated to 60°C. When the temperature stabilized, 1-aminobenzotriazole was added. Stirring was continued and the reaction was carried out at this temperature for 1 hour to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

[0039] S1.2. Add vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, hydrogenated silicone oil and platinum catalyst to a constant temperature reactor, take another beaker and add emulsifier and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of emulsifier to deionized water in the emulsion is 1:200, stir at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes to form an emulsion, transfer the emulsion to a constant temperature reactor, and react at 60°C for 3 hours with continuous stirring during the reaction. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is naturally cooled and centrifuged at a centrifugal speed of 2000 rpm for 5 minutes, then washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol three times respectively, and finally dried at 80°C for 1 hour to obtain silicone rubber microspheres, i.e. soft particles;

[0040] S1.3. Dry the coconut shell activated carbon in a vacuum drying oven at 100-120°C for 18 hours, then grind it through a 250 mesh sieve, take octadecyltriethoxysilane and dissolve it in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a silane solution with a mass fraction of 2%, and add dibutyltin dilaurate, mix and stir evenly to obtain a hydrophobic modifier, mix the ground coconut shell activated carbon powder and the hydrophobic modifier in a mass ratio of 1:10, ultrasonically treat for 60 minutes, then transfer to a three-necked flask, stir and react in a 70°C water bath for 8 hours, cool and centrifuge after the reaction is completed, wash with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water three times respectively, and finally vacuum dry at 80°C for 18 hours to obtain hard hydrophobic activated carbon particles, i.e., hard particles;

[0041] S1.4. Place acrylic resin and modified epoxy resin in a beaker, then add soft particles and hard particles to the beaker containing the mixed resin, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at a constant speed of 300 rpm at room temperature for 15 minutes to ensure that the mixture is evenly blended, then ultrasonically treat the mixture for 15 minutes, add isophorone diamine, and continue ultrasonicating for 2-3 minutes, stop ultrasonicating, and then add polydimethylsiloxane, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at 400 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature, and finally add aliphatic polyisocyanate, and continue stirring the mixture for 3 minutes to obtain a low ice adhesion coating.

[0042] Example 2: A method for preparing a soft-hard composite anti-icing coating with low ice adhesion, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1.1. Weigh the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts by weight of modified epoxy resin, 25 parts by weight of acrylic resin, 8 parts by weight of vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 3 parts by weight of hydrogenated silicone oil, 1 part by weight of platinum catalyst, 1.2 parts by weight of Tween 80 emulsifier, 10 parts by weight of coconut shell activated carbon, 13 parts by weight of octadecyltriethoxysilane, 0.8 parts by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate, 12 parts by weight of isophoronediamine, 9 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane, and 3 parts by weight of aliphatic polyisocyanate;

[0044] The modified epoxy resin is prepared by mixing bisphenol A epoxy resin and o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine in a mass ratio of 50:7, and adding 1-aminobenzotriazole; the addition amount of 1-aminobenzotriazole is 0.3% of the mass of the bisphenol A epoxy resin; the addition amount of soft particles accounts for 5% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating; the addition amount of hard particles accounts for 3% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating;

[0045] A dry flask was equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a condenser. Dichloromethane was first added to the flask, followed by bisphenol A epoxy resin. The amount of dichloromethane added was 30% of the mass of the epoxy resin. Stirring was started. After the epoxy resin was completely dissolved, o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine was added. Stirring was continued. The reaction mixture was heated to 60°C. When the temperature stabilized, 1-aminobenzotriazole was added. Stirring was continued and the reaction was carried out at this temperature for 1 hour to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

[0046] S1.2. Add vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, hydrogenated silicone oil and platinum catalyst to a constant temperature reactor, take another beaker and add emulsifier and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of emulsifier to deionized water in the emulsion is 1:200, stir at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes to form an emulsion, transfer the emulsion to a constant temperature reactor, and react at 60°C for 3 hours with continuous stirring during the reaction. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is naturally cooled and centrifuged at a centrifugal speed of 2000 rpm for 5 minutes, then washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol three times respectively, and finally dried at 80°C for 1 hour to obtain silicone rubber microspheres, i.e. soft particles;

[0047] S1.3. Dry the coconut shell activated carbon in a vacuum drying oven at 100-120°C for 18 hours, then grind it through a 250 mesh sieve, take octadecyltriethoxysilane and dissolve it in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a silane solution with a mass fraction of 2%, and add dibutyltin dilaurate, mix and stir evenly to obtain a hydrophobic modifier, mix the ground coconut shell activated carbon powder and the hydrophobic modifier in a mass ratio of 1:10, ultrasonically treat for 60 minutes, then transfer to a three-necked flask, stir and react in a 70°C water bath for 8 hours, cool and centrifuge after the reaction is completed, wash with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water three times respectively, and finally vacuum dry at 80°C for 18 hours to obtain hard hydrophobic activated carbon particles, i.e., hard particles;

[0048] S1.4. Place acrylic resin and modified epoxy resin in a beaker, then add soft particles and hard particles to the beaker containing the mixed resin, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at a constant speed of 300 rpm at room temperature for 15 minutes to ensure that the mixture is evenly blended, then ultrasonically treat the mixture for 15 minutes, add isophorone diamine, and continue ultrasonicating for 2-3 minutes, stop ultrasonicating, and then add polydimethylsiloxane, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at 400 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature, and finally add aliphatic polyisocyanate, and continue stirring the mixture for 3 minutes to obtain a low ice adhesion coating.

[0049] Example 3: A method for preparing a soft-hard composite anti-icing coating with low ice adhesion, comprising the following steps:

[0050] S1.1. Weigh the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts by weight of modified epoxy resin, 25 parts by weight of acrylic resin, 8 parts by weight of vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 3 parts by weight of hydrogenated silicone oil, 1 part by weight of platinum catalyst, 1.2 parts by weight of Tween 80 emulsifier, 10 parts by weight of coconut shell activated carbon, 13 parts by weight of octadecyltriethoxysilane, 0.8 parts by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate, 12 parts by weight of isophoronediamine, 9 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane, and 3 parts by weight of aliphatic polyisocyanate;

[0051] The modified epoxy resin is prepared by mixing bisphenol A epoxy resin and o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine in a mass ratio of 50:8, and adding 1-aminobenzotriazole. The amount of 1-aminobenzotriazole added is 0.5% of the mass of the bisphenol A epoxy resin. The amount of soft particles added accounts for 5% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating; the amount of hard particles added accounts for 3% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating.

[0052] A dry flask was equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a condenser. Dichloromethane was first added to the flask, followed by bisphenol A epoxy resin. The amount of dichloromethane added was 30% of the mass of the epoxy resin. Stirring was started. After the epoxy resin was completely dissolved, o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine was added. Stirring was continued. The reaction mixture was heated to 60°C. When the temperature stabilized, 1-aminobenzotriazole was added. Stirring was continued and the reaction was carried out at this temperature for 1 hour to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

[0053] S1.2. Add vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, hydrogenated silicone oil and platinum catalyst to a constant temperature reactor, take another beaker and add emulsifier and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of emulsifier to deionized water in the emulsion is 1:200, stir at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes to form an emulsion, transfer the emulsion to a constant temperature reactor, and react at 60°C for 3 hours with continuous stirring during the reaction. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is naturally cooled and centrifuged at a centrifugal speed of 2000 rpm for 5 minutes, then washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol three times respectively, and finally dried at 80°C for 1 hour to obtain silicone rubber microspheres, i.e. soft particles;

[0054] S1.3. Dry the coconut shell activated carbon in a vacuum drying oven at 100-120°C for 18 hours, then grind it through a 250 mesh sieve, take octadecyltriethoxysilane and dissolve it in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a silane solution with a mass fraction of 2%, and add dibutyltin dilaurate, mix and stir evenly to obtain a hydrophobic modifier, mix the ground coconut shell activated carbon powder and the hydrophobic modifier in a mass ratio of 1:10, ultrasonically treat for 60 minutes, then transfer to a three-necked flask, stir and react in a 70°C water bath for 8 hours, cool and centrifuge after the reaction is completed, wash with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water three times respectively, and finally vacuum dry at 80°C for 18 hours to obtain hard hydrophobic activated carbon particles, i.e., hard particles;

[0055] S1.4. Place acrylic resin and modified epoxy resin in a beaker, then add soft particles and hard particles to the beaker containing the mixed resin, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at a constant speed of 300 rpm at room temperature for 15 minutes to ensure that the mixture is evenly blended, then ultrasonically treat the mixture for 15 minutes, add isophorone diamine, and continue ultrasonicating for 2-3 minutes, stop ultrasonicating, and then add polydimethylsiloxane, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at 400 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature, and finally add aliphatic polyisocyanate, and continue stirring the mixture for 3 minutes to obtain a low ice adhesion coating.

[0056] Example 4: A method for preparing a soft-hard composite anti-icing coating with low ice adhesion, comprising the following steps:

[0057] S1.1. Weigh the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts by weight of modified epoxy resin, 10 parts by weight of acrylic resin, 6 parts by weight of vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 1 part by weight of hydrogenated silicone oil, 0.5 parts by weight of platinum catalyst, 0.8 parts by weight of Tween 80 emulsifier, 5 parts by weight of coconut shell activated carbon, 11 parts by weight of octadecyltriethoxysilane, 0.4 parts by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate, 8 parts by weight of isophoronediamine, 7 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane, and 1 part by weight of aliphatic polyisocyanate;

[0058] The modified epoxy resin is prepared by mixing bisphenol A epoxy resin and o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine in a mass ratio of 50:8, and adding 1-aminobenzotriazole. The amount of 1-aminobenzotriazole added is 0.5% of the mass of the bisphenol A epoxy resin. The amount of soft particles added accounts for 5% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating; the amount of hard particles added accounts for 3% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating.

[0059] A dry flask was equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a condenser. Dichloromethane was first added to the flask, followed by bisphenol A epoxy resin. The amount of dichloromethane added was 30% of the mass of the epoxy resin. Stirring was started. After the epoxy resin was completely dissolved, o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine was added. Stirring was continued. The reaction mixture was heated to 60°C. When the temperature stabilized, 1-aminobenzotriazole was added. Stirring was continued and the reaction was carried out at this temperature for 1 hour to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

[0060] S1.2. Add vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, hydrogenated silicone oil and platinum catalyst to a constant temperature reactor, take another beaker and add emulsifier and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of emulsifier to deionized water in the emulsion is 1:200, stir at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes to form an emulsion, transfer the emulsion to a constant temperature reactor, and react at 60°C for 3 hours with continuous stirring during the reaction. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is naturally cooled and centrifuged at a centrifugal speed of 2000 rpm for 5 minutes, then washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol three times respectively, and finally dried at 80°C for 1 hour to obtain silicone rubber microspheres, i.e. soft particles;

[0061] S1.3. Dry the coconut shell activated carbon in a vacuum drying oven at 100-120°C for 18 hours, then grind it through a 250 mesh sieve, take octadecyltriethoxysilane and dissolve it in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a silane solution with a mass fraction of 2%, and add dibutyltin dilaurate, mix and stir evenly to obtain a hydrophobic modifier, mix the ground coconut shell activated carbon powder and the hydrophobic modifier in a mass ratio of 1:10, ultrasonically treat for 60 minutes, then transfer to a three-necked flask, stir and react in a 70°C water bath for 8 hours, cool and centrifuge after the reaction is completed, wash with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water three times respectively, and finally vacuum dry at 80°C for 18 hours to obtain hard hydrophobic activated carbon particles, i.e., hard particles;

[0062] S1.4. Place acrylic resin and modified epoxy resin in a beaker, then add soft particles and hard particles to the beaker containing the mixed resin, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at a constant speed of 300 rpm at room temperature for 15 minutes to ensure that the mixture is evenly blended, then ultrasonically treat the mixture for 15 minutes, add isophorone diamine, and continue ultrasonicating for 2-3 minutes, stop ultrasonicating, and then add polydimethylsiloxane, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at 400 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature, and finally add aliphatic polyisocyanate, and continue stirring the mixture for 3 minutes to obtain a low ice adhesion coating.

[0063] Example 5: A method for preparing a soft-hard composite anti-icing coating with low ice adhesion, comprising the following steps:

[0064] S1.1. Weigh the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts by weight of modified epoxy resin, 25 parts by weight of acrylic resin, 8 parts by weight of vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 3 parts by weight of hydrogenated silicone oil, 1 part by weight of platinum catalyst, 1.2 parts by weight of Tween 80 emulsifier, 10 parts by weight of coconut shell activated carbon, 13 parts by weight of octadecyltriethoxysilane, 0.8 parts by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate, 12 parts by weight of isophoronediamine, 9 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane, and 3 parts by weight of aliphatic polyisocyanate;

[0065] The modified epoxy resin is prepared by mixing bisphenol A epoxy resin and o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine in a mass ratio of 50:8, and adding 1-aminobenzotriazole. The amount of 1-aminobenzotriazole added is 0.5% of the mass of the bisphenol A epoxy resin. The amount of soft particles added accounts for 5% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating; the amount of hard particles added accounts for 3% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating.

[0066] A dry flask was equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a condenser. Dichloromethane was first added to the flask, followed by bisphenol A epoxy resin. The amount of dichloromethane added was 30% of the mass of the epoxy resin. Stirring was started. After the epoxy resin was completely dissolved, o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine was added. Stirring was continued. The reaction mixture was heated to 60°C. When the temperature stabilized, 1-aminobenzotriazole was added. Stirring was continued and the reaction was carried out at this temperature for 1 hour to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

[0067] S1.2. Add vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, hydrogenated silicone oil and platinum catalyst to a constant temperature reactor, take another beaker and add emulsifier and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of emulsifier to deionized water in the emulsion is 1:200, stir at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes to form an emulsion, transfer the emulsion to a constant temperature reactor, and react at 60°C for 3 hours with continuous stirring during the reaction. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is naturally cooled and centrifuged at a centrifugal speed of 2000 rpm for 5 minutes, then washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol three times respectively, and finally dried at 80°C for 1 hour to obtain silicone rubber microspheres, i.e. soft particles;

[0068] S1.3. Dry the coconut shell activated carbon in a vacuum drying oven at 100-120°C for 18 hours, then grind it through a 250 mesh sieve, take octadecyltriethoxysilane and dissolve it in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a silane solution with a mass fraction of 2%, and add dibutyltin dilaurate, mix and stir evenly to obtain a hydrophobic modifier, mix the ground coconut shell activated carbon powder and the hydrophobic modifier in a mass ratio of 1:10, ultrasonically treat for 60 minutes, then transfer to a three-necked flask, stir and react in a 70°C water bath for 8 hours, cool and centrifuge after the reaction is completed, wash with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water three times respectively, and finally vacuum dry at 80°C for 18 hours to obtain hard hydrophobic activated carbon particles, i.e., hard particles;

[0069] S1.4. Place acrylic resin and modified epoxy resin in a beaker, then add soft particles and hard particles to the beaker containing the mixed resin, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at a constant speed of 300 rpm at room temperature for 15 minutes to ensure that the mixture is evenly blended, then ultrasonically treat the mixture for 15 minutes, add isophorone diamine, and continue ultrasonicating for 2-3 minutes, stop ultrasonicating, and then add polydimethylsiloxane, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at 400 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature, and finally add aliphatic polyisocyanate, and continue stirring the mixture for 3 minutes to obtain a low ice adhesion coating.

[0070] Example 6: A method for preparing a soft-hard composite anti-icing coating with low ice adhesion, comprising the following steps:

[0071] S1.1. Weigh the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts by weight of modified epoxy resin, 25 parts by weight of acrylic resin, 8 parts by weight of vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 3 parts by weight of hydrogenated silicone oil, 1 part by weight of platinum catalyst, 1.2 parts by weight of Tween 80 emulsifier, 10 parts by weight of coconut shell activated carbon, 13 parts by weight of octadecyltriethoxysilane, 0.8 parts by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate, 12 parts by weight of isophoronediamine, 9 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane, and 3 parts by weight of aliphatic polyisocyanate;

[0072] The modified epoxy resin is prepared by mixing bisphenol A epoxy resin and o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine in a mass ratio of 50:8, and adding 1-aminobenzotriazole. The amount of 1-aminobenzotriazole added is 0.5% of the mass of the bisphenol A epoxy resin. The amount of soft particles added accounts for 5% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating; the amount of hard particles added accounts for 3% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating.

[0073] A dry flask was equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a condenser. Dichloromethane was first added to the flask, followed by bisphenol A epoxy resin. The amount of dichloromethane added was 30% of the mass of the epoxy resin. Stirring was started. After the epoxy resin was completely dissolved, o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine was added. Stirring was continued. The reaction mixture was heated to 60°C. When the temperature stabilized, 1-aminobenzotriazole was added. Stirring was continued and the reaction was carried out at this temperature for 1 hour to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

[0074] S1.2. Add vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, hydrogenated silicone oil and platinum catalyst to a constant temperature reactor, take another beaker and add emulsifier and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of emulsifier to deionized water in the emulsion is 1:200, stir at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes to form an emulsion, transfer the emulsion to a constant temperature reactor, and react at 60°C for 3 hours with continuous stirring during the reaction. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is naturally cooled and centrifuged at a centrifugal speed of 2000 rpm for 5 minutes, then washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol three times respectively, and finally dried at 80°C for 1 hour to obtain silicone rubber microspheres, i.e. soft particles;

[0075] S1.3. Dry the coconut shell activated carbon in a vacuum drying oven at 100-120°C for 18 hours, then grind it through a 250 mesh sieve, take octadecyltriethoxysilane and dissolve it in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a silane solution with a mass fraction of 2%, and add dibutyltin dilaurate, mix and stir evenly to obtain a hydrophobic modifier, mix the ground coconut shell activated carbon powder and the hydrophobic modifier in a mass ratio of 1:10, ultrasonically treat for 60 minutes, then transfer to a three-necked flask, stir and react in a 70°C water bath for 8 hours, cool and centrifuge after the reaction is completed, wash with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water three times respectively, and finally vacuum dry at 80°C for 18 hours to obtain hard hydrophobic activated carbon particles, i.e., hard particles;

[0076] S1.4. Place acrylic resin and modified epoxy resin in a beaker, then add soft particles and hard particles to the beaker containing the mixed resin, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at a constant speed of 300 rpm at room temperature for 15 minutes to ensure that the mixture is evenly blended, then ultrasonically treat the mixture for 15 minutes, add isophorone diamine, and continue ultrasonicating for 2-3 minutes, stop ultrasonicating, and then add polydimethylsiloxane, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at 400 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature, and finally add aliphatic polyisocyanate, and continue stirring the mixture for 3 minutes to obtain a low ice adhesion coating.

[0077] Comparative Example 1: The method of Example 3 was adopted, and bisphenol A epoxy resin was directly used without modifying the bisphenol A epoxy resin by o-trifluoromethylphenethylamine and 1-aminobenzotriazole.

[0078] Comparative Example 2: The method of Example 3 was adopted, and bisphenol A epoxy resin and o-trifluoromethylphenethylamine were directly used without adding 1-aminobenzotriazole for modification.

[0079] The present invention uses a modified epoxy resin to prepare a soft and hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating, wherein the performance index inspection items and inspection standards of the soft and hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating are as follows:

[0080] According to the test method of ASTM D7334-08 (2022), the coating is applied to the substrate and the coating thickness is ensured to be uniform. The initial contact angle of the anti-icing coating is measured, and a drop of water is added to its surface. The freezing time of the water drop is recorded at -10°C to judge the anti-icing effect. The coating surface is tested by dragging the sample over 800-grit sandpaper under a load of 200g. The contact angle is measured 100 times with a linear movement of 10cm as one cycle. The wear resistance of the anti-icing coating is judged by the change in the contact angle after friction. The sample coated with the anti-icing coating is tested by immersing it in a hydrochloric acid solution with a pH of 1 and a sodium hydroxide solution with a pH of 13. After immersion for 170h, the corrosion of the sample is observed. According to GB / T The salt spray resistance of anti-icing coatings is tested according to the 10125-2021 "Artificial Atmosphere Corrosion Test Salt Spray Test." Samples coated with low ice adhesion anti-icing coatings are placed in a salt spray chamber to assess rusting. Accelerated neutral salt spray corrosion tests are conducted in a salt spray corrosion tester. Samples are placed on a plastic rack in the salt spray chamber at a 20° angle to vertical. A 10 wt% NaCl solution is used and observations are made after 120 hours. Following the GB23987-2009 "Paint and Varnish Coatings - Artificial Weathering - Exposure to Fluorescent UV and Water" standard, the contact angle changes of the anti-icing coatings are measured after aging to determine their aging resistance.

[0081] The soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coatings prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested using the above standards. The obtained data are shown in Table 1:

[0082] Table 1 Performance data of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0083]

[0084] The above data fully demonstrates that compared with Comparative Examples 1-2, Examples 1-6 can fully demonstrate the role of modified epoxy resin in the anti-icing effect and durability of the soft and hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating.

[0085] Since the present invention uses modified epoxy resin to prepare the soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating, the anti-icing effect and durability of the soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating are effectively improved by the modified epoxy resin, as follows:

[0086] It can be seen from Examples 1-3 that as the proportion of the modified epoxy resin component continues to increase, the anti-icing effect and durability of the anti-icing coating gradually increase. Since the trifluoromethyl group of o-trifluoromethylphenethylamine has a lower surface energy, the coating surface is more difficult to be wetted by water molecules. As the proportion of o-trifluoromethylphenethylamine increases, the hydrophobicity of the coating is further improved. 1-Aminobenzotriazole contains a basic functional group, which can accelerate the cross-linking reaction between the epoxy group and the curing agent to form a denser three-dimensional network structure, which not only enhances the mechanical strength and chemical resistance of the material, but also its ultraviolet absorption ability also improves the weather resistance and anti-aging properties of the coating.

[0087] It can be seen from Examples 3 and 4 that as the content of other components continues to change, the anti-icing effect and durability of the anti-icing coating do not change significantly, which shows that a small change in the content of other components within a certain range is not enough to cause a significant change in the anti-icing effect and durability of the anti-icing coating.

[0088] It can be seen from Examples 3, 5 and 6 that as the content of the modified epoxy resin continues to change, the anti-icing effect and durability of the anti-icing coating continue to change. When the content of the modified epoxy resin gradually increases, on the one hand, it can produce more dense cross-linking points with the curing agent, forming a tougher three-dimensional network structure. On the other hand, since the modified bisphenol A epoxy resin has good anti-icing effect and durability, the increase in its proportion also helps to improve the overall anti-icing effect and durability of the anti-icing coating.

[0089] According to the above test experiments, the soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating prepared according to Example 3 has the best performance, so Example 3 is regarded as the best example;

[0090] By comparing Example 3 with Comparative Examples 1-2, it can be seen that:

[0091] Comparative Example 1 directly uses bisphenol A epoxy resin without modifying the bisphenol A epoxy resin with o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine and 1-aminobenzotriazole. The anti-icing effect and durability of the anti-icing coating are poor. The unmodified bisphenol A epoxy resin is more easily wetted by water than the modified epoxy resin, which increases the risk of icing. It does not contain 1-aminobenzotriazole with ultraviolet absorption ability, lacks effective protection against ultraviolet rays, and is prone to aging when exposed to the external environment for a long time, further weakening its protective effectiveness.

[0092] In Comparative Example 2, bisphenol A epoxy resin and o-trifluoromethylphenethylamine were directly used without adding 1-aminobenzotriazole for modification. The anti-icing effect and durability of the anti-icing coating were poor. 1-aminobenzotriazole can promote the reaction between bisphenol A epoxy resin and o-trifluoromethylphenethylamine to form a more stable three-dimensional network structure. However, due to the lack of the ultraviolet protection function provided by 1-aminobenzotriazole, the coating is more susceptible to ultraviolet light, resulting in long-term performance degradation.

[0093] In summary, the epoxy resin modified with o-trifluoromethylphenethylamine and 1-aminobenzotriazole significantly improves the anti-icing effect and durability of the anti-icing coating. The trifluoromethyl group of o-trifluoromethylphenethylamine reduces the surface energy of the coating, enhances its hydrophobicity, and reduces the possibility of icing. The 1-aminobenzotriazole not only accelerates the curing reaction and forms a denser three-dimensional network structure, but also provides UV protection, enhances weather resistance and anti-aging properties. In addition, the introduction of a composite structure of hard and soft particles can not only effectively improve the mechanical properties of the material, but also form local stress concentration areas on the surface of the material, which helps to guide stress concentration when the ice layer is formed, promotes local cracking and shedding of the ice layer, and accelerates the shedding process of ice, thereby improving the functionality and long-term stability of the anti-icing coating as a whole.

[0094] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above-described embodiments and descriptions are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention claimed.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a soft-hard composite anti-icing coating with low ice adhesion, characterized by: S1.

1. Weigh the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-90 parts by weight of modified epoxy resin, 10-25 parts by weight of acrylic resin, 6-8 parts by weight of vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 1-3 parts by weight of hydrogenated silicone oil, 0.5-1 parts by weight of platinum catalyst, 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of emulsifier, 5-10 parts by weight of coconut shell activated carbon, 11-13 parts by weight of octadecyltriethoxysilane, 0.4-0.8 parts by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate, 8-12 parts by weight of isophoronediamine, 7-9 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane, and 1-3 parts by weight of aliphatic polyisocyanate; The modified epoxy resin is prepared by mixing bisphenol A epoxy resin and o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine in a mass ratio of 50:6-8, and adding 1-aminobenzotriazole; S1.2, preparing silicone rubber microspheres, i.e., soft particles, from vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, hydrogenated silicone oil, platinum catalyst, emulsifier, and deionized water; S1.3, preparing hard hydrophobic activated carbon particles, i.e., hard particles, from coconut shell activated carbon, octadecyltriethoxysilane, anhydrous ethanol, and dibutyltin dilaurate; S1.

4. Place acrylic resin and modified epoxy resin in a beaker, then add soft particles and hard particles to the beaker containing the mixed resin, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at a constant speed of 300-400 rpm at room temperature for 15-20 minutes to ensure that the mixture is evenly blended, then ultrasonically treat the mixture for 15-20 minutes, add isophorone diamine, continue ultrasonication for 2-3 minutes, stop ultrasonication, add polydimethylsiloxane, and stir with a magnetic stirring bar at 300-400 rpm at room temperature for 10-15 minutes, finally add aliphatic polyisocyanate, and continue stirring the mixture for 3-5 minutes to obtain a low ice adhesion coating.

2. The method for preparing the soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps involved in S1.2 are: Add vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, hydrogenated silicone oil and platinum catalyst to a constant temperature reactor, add emulsifier and deionized water to another beaker, stir at 2000-3000 rpm for 20-30 minutes to form an emulsion, transfer the emulsion to a constant temperature reactor, react at 50-60°C for 2-3 hours, and continue stirring during the reaction. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is naturally cooled and centrifuged at a centrifugal rate of 1000-2000 rpm for 3-5 minutes, then washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for 2-3 times respectively, and finally dried at 70-80°C for 1-2 hours to obtain silicone rubber microspheres, i.e. soft particles.

3. The method for preparing the soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S1.2, the mass ratio of the emulsifier to deionized water in the emulsion is 1:100-200, and the particle size of the silicone rubber microspheres is in the range of 3-7 μm.

4. The method for preparing the soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps involved in S1.3 are: The coconut shell activated carbon is dried in a vacuum drying oven at 100-120° C. for 12-18 hours, then ground through a 250 mesh sieve, octadecyltriethoxysilane is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol to prepare a silane solution, and dibutyltin dilaurate is added, mixed and stirred evenly to obtain a hydrophobic modifier, the ground coconut shell activated carbon powder is mixed with the hydrophobic modifier, and ultrasonically treated for 50-60 minutes, then transferred to a three-necked flask, stirred in a water bath at 60-70° C. for 6-8 hours, cooled and centrifuged after the reaction is completed, washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for 2-3 times respectively, and finally vacuum dried at 60-80° C. for 12-18 hours to obtain hard hydrophobic activated carbon particles, i.e., hard particles.

5. The method for preparing the soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the above S1.3, the mass fraction of the silane solution is 1-3%, and the mass ratio of the ground coconut shell activated carbon powder to the hydrophobic modifier is 1:10-15.

6. The method for preparing the soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S1.4, the amount of soft particles added is 1-10% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating.

7. The method for preparing the soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S1.4, the amount of hard particles added is 1-8% of the total mass of the low ice adhesion coating.

8. The method for preparing the soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1.4, the steps for preparing the modified epoxy resin are specifically as follows: Assemble a magnetic stirrer and a condenser in a dry flask, first add dichloromethane to the flask, then add bisphenol A epoxy resin, start stirring, and after the epoxy resin is completely dissolved, add o-trifluoromethylphenylethylamine and continue stirring. Heat the reaction mixture to 50-60°C. When the temperature stabilizes, add 1-aminobenzotriazole, keep stirring and react at this temperature for 1-2 hours to obtain a modified epoxy resin.

9. The method for preparing the soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating according to claim 8, characterized in that: The added amount of the 1-aminobenzotriazole is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the bisphenol A epoxy resin.

10. The method for preparing the soft-hard composite low ice adhesion anti-icing coating according to claim 8, characterized in that: The added amount of the dichloromethane is 20-30% of the mass of the epoxy resin.

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