Anti-unbalance-loading structure of starting well or receiving well of heading machine and construction method of anti-unbalance-loading structure

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-unbalance loading structure of a starting well or a receiving well of a heading machine in the technical field of heading machine construction, which comprises the starting well or the receiving well, a retaining wall is arranged on the to-be-constructed side of the starting well or the receiving well, the retaining wall is connected with a supporting structure, a bottom plate is arranged on the side, connected with the supporting structure, of the retaining wall, and the bottom plate is connected with the receiving well. An engineering structural member is arranged at the upper end of the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the engineering structural member are both connected to the supporting structure; the corresponding positions are fixed through the bottom plate, the engineering structural part, the inclined strut, the first vertical supporting part and the second vertical supporting part, and a stable unbalance loading resisting structure is formed. By arranging the reinforcing connecting piece, the first waterproof reinforcing piece and the second waterproof reinforcing piece, the connecting stability and the waterproof performance of the whole structure can be guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel boring machine construction, and in particular to an anti-eccentric load structure of a tunnel boring machine launching shaft or a receiving shaft and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] When a full-section tunnel boring machine starts to excavate or arrives, it is necessary to build a starting or receiving shaft. This type of shaft is an open-cut structure, generally rectangular, and the full-section tunnel boring machine starts or arrives inside it. Due to adjacent projects, the completed starting or receiving shaft projects often cannot be backfilled symmetrically at the same time, and the backfilled soil on one side is excavated by the adjacent project, resulting in eccentric loading on one side of the starting or receiving shaft and ground structures. Because the starting of a full-section tunnel boring machine requires very high excavation accuracy, generally at the millimeter level, when the eccentric load on one side is too large, it will cause the starting or receiving shaft structure to crack or even permanently displace, affecting the safety of the starting or receiving shaft structure and the starting or arrival accuracy of the full-section tunnel boring machine. When the starting or receiving shaft structure is permanently displaced by a large amount under the action of a unidirectional eccentric load, it will also cause accidents such as gushing or ground subsidence when the full-section tunnel boring machine is excavating into the cave. It is necessary to set an anti-eccentric load device on the other side of the starting or receiving shaft.

[0003] The existing technology for dealing with the anti-eccentric loading of open-cut structures such as starting or receiving shafts is to backfill the excavated soil and install anti-sliding piles next to the starting or receiving shaft to achieve anti-eccentric loading. However, in actual projects, adjacent construction structures are generally carried out on the side of the starting or receiving shaft. By backfilling the excavated soil and installing anti-sliding piles, the construction activities of the adjacent construction structures will be affected. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to ensure the anti-eccentric load performance of the starting well or the receiving well under the normal construction conditions of the adjacent construction structures.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0006] The anti-eccentric load structure of the starting shaft or receiving shaft of the tunnel boring machine includes the starting shaft or the receiving shaft, a retaining wall is arranged on the side to be constructed of the starting shaft or the receiving shaft, the retaining wall is connected to a supporting structure, a bottom plate is arranged on the side where the retaining wall is connected to the supporting structure, an engineering structure component is arranged on the upper end of the bottom plate, and both the bottom plate and the engineering structure component are connected to the supporting structure.

[0007] The above-mentioned supporting structure includes a diagonal brace connected to the retaining wall, and the end of the above-mentioned diagonal brace with a lower height extends to the side away from the above-mentioned retaining wall and is connected to the first vertical support member. A reinforcing connection member is arranged between the above-mentioned diagonal brace and the above-mentioned retaining wall, and the fixed end of the first vertical support member extends underground; a second vertical support member is arranged in the middle of the above-mentioned diagonal brace, and the fixed end of the second vertical support member extends underground, a first waterproof reinforcement member is arranged at the connection position between the above-mentioned diagonal brace and the above-mentioned engineering structure member, and a second waterproof reinforcement member is arranged at the connection position between the above-mentioned second vertical support member and the above-mentioned bottom plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the portion of the above-mentioned diagonal brace that penetrates into the above-mentioned engineering structure is set as the first waterproof reinforcement portion, and the portion of the above-mentioned second vertical support member that penetrates into the above-mentioned bottom plate is set as the second waterproof reinforcement portion; the above-mentioned first waterproof reinforcement member and the above-mentioned second waterproof reinforcement member both include a waterstop steel plate sleeved on the outer wall of the above-mentioned first waterproof reinforcement portion or the second waterproof reinforcement portion, a waterstop glue is provided at the connection between the above-mentioned waterstop steel plate and the above-mentioned diagonal brace or the second vertical support member, a concrete reinforcement layer is provided on either side of the above-mentioned waterstop steel plate, the above-mentioned first waterproof reinforcement portion or the above-mentioned second waterproof reinforcement portion passes through the above-mentioned concrete reinforcement layer, and a sealing member is provided at the connection between the above-mentioned first waterproof reinforcement portion or the second waterproof reinforcement portion and the above-mentioned concrete reinforcement layer.

[0009] Furthermore, the sealing member includes a water stop strip on one side close to the water stop steel plate and a sealant on the other side away from the water stop steel plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the first waterproof reinforcement part and the second waterproof reinforcement part are both hollow and filled with concrete fillers.

[0011] Furthermore, the above-mentioned reinforced connecting member includes an end plate arranged on the above-mentioned diagonal brace, the above-mentioned end plate and the above-mentioned retaining wall are fixedly connected by a screw structure, and the above-mentioned end plate and the above-mentioned retaining wall are provided with waterproof coating, sealing adhesive tape and reinforced waterproof layer from the inside to the outside, and also includes a plurality of steel nails, and the above-mentioned steel nails sequentially pass through the above-mentioned sealing adhesive tape, waterproof coating and end plate and then extend into the above-mentioned retaining wall.

[0012] Furthermore, a pre-buried water stop is provided at a position of the retaining wall corresponding to the end plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the gap between the engineering structure and the retaining wall is filled with filler.

[0014] Furthermore, an outer well waterproof layer is provided between the retaining wall and the filler.

[0015] The present invention also provides a construction method for an anti-eccentric load structure of a starting shaft or a receiving shaft of a tunnel boring machine, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1: Excavate the engineering side soil of the completed starting well or receiving well on the side to be constructed, and install a diagonal brace for supporting the retaining wall at the excavated position of the engineering side soil, fix the upper end of the diagonal brace to the retaining wall, set a first vertical support member at the lower end of the diagonal brace, and set a second vertical support member in the middle of the diagonal brace;

[0017] S2: All the soil on the engineering side of the starting well or the receiving well to be constructed is excavated and a bottom plate is installed, the second vertical support member is inserted downward into the bottom plate, and a second waterproof reinforcement member is arranged at the connection between the bottom plate and the second vertical support member;

[0018] S3: installing an engineering structure member on the upper end of the bottom plate, inserting the diagonal brace into the engineering structure member, and providing a first waterproof reinforcement member at the connection between the diagonal brace and the engineering structure member;

[0019] S4: Remove the diagonal brace and the second vertical support member in the space formed above the base plate and the engineering structure.

[0020] Furthermore, step S3 also includes filling fillers between the retaining wall and the engineering structure after the first waterproof reinforcement member is set.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] (1) A stable triangular support structure for the retaining wall is formed by the diagonal brace, the first vertical support member, and the second vertical support member, so as to ensure that after the backfill soil is excavated, the deformation of the shaft wall or the retaining wall of the starting shaft or the receiving shaft under the eccentric load is restrained, and at the same time, construction can continue in the starting shaft or the receiving shaft. The corresponding positions are fixed by the bottom plate, the engineering structure, the diagonal brace, the first vertical support member, and the second vertical support member to form a stable anti-eccentric load structure, so as to ensure that the construction structure adjacent to the starting shaft or the receiving shaft can be stably constructed without affecting the structural safety of the starting shaft or the receiving shaft and the initial excavation and advancement accuracy of the full-section tunnel boring machine.

[0023] (2) By providing a reinforcing connector, a first waterproof reinforcing member and a second waterproof reinforcing member, the connection stability and waterproof performance of the entire structure can be ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 The construction steps of the present invention are shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0025] Figure 2 The construction steps of the present invention are shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0026] Figure 3 The construction steps of the present invention are shown in FIG. Figure 3 ;

[0027] Figure 4 The construction steps of the present invention are shown in FIG. Figure 4 ;

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a reinforcing connector of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first waterproof reinforcement member or the second waterproof reinforcement member of the present invention:

[0030] Marked in the figure are, 1-starting well or receiving well, 2-retaining wall, 3-bottom plate, 4-supporting structure, 5-diagonal brace, 6-first vertical support member, 7-second vertical support member, 8-reinforced connection member, 9-first waterproof reinforcement member, 10-second waterproof reinforcement member, 11-filler, 12-engineering side soil, 13-end plate, 14-waterproof coating, 15-sealing adhesive tape, 16-steel nails, 17-reinforced waterproof layer, 18-embedded waterstop, 19-waterstop steel plate, 20-waterstop glue, 21-concrete reinforcement layer, 22-expansion waterstop strip, 23-sealant, 24-concrete. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] according to Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the embodiment of the present application proposes an anti-eccentric load structure of a starting shaft or a receiving shaft of a tunnel boring machine, comprising a starting shaft or a receiving shaft 1, a retaining wall 2 is arranged on the side to be constructed of the starting shaft or the receiving shaft, the retaining wall 2 is connected to a supporting structure, a bottom plate 3 is arranged on the side of the retaining wall 2 connected to the supporting structure, an engineering structure is arranged on the upper end of the bottom plate 3, and the bottom plate 3 and the engineering structure are both connected to the supporting structure;

[0033] The above-mentioned supporting structure 4 includes a diagonal brace 5 connected to the retaining wall 2, and the lower end of the above-mentioned diagonal brace 5 extends to the side away from the above-mentioned retaining wall 2 and is connected to the first vertical support member 6. A reinforcing connection member 8 is arranged between the above-mentioned diagonal brace 5 and the above-mentioned retaining wall 2, and the fixed end of the first vertical support member 6 extends underground; a second vertical support member 7 is arranged in the middle part of the above-mentioned diagonal brace 5, and the fixed end of the second vertical support member 7 extends underground, a first waterproof reinforcement member 9 is arranged at the connection position between the above-mentioned diagonal brace 5 and the above-mentioned engineering structure, and a second waterproof reinforcement member 10 is arranged at the connection position between the above-mentioned second vertical support member 7 and the above-mentioned base plate 3.

[0034] First of all, it should be stated that the diagonal brace 5, the first vertical support member 6, and the second vertical support member 7 form a stable triangular support structure for the retaining wall 2, ensuring that after the backfill soil is excavated, the deformation of the shaft wall or the retaining wall 2 of the starting shaft or receiving shaft 1 under the eccentric load is restrained, and at the same time, the construction can continue in the starting shaft or receiving shaft 1. The corresponding positions are fixed by the bottom plate 3, the engineering structure, the diagonal brace 5, the first vertical support member 6 and the second vertical support member 7 to form a stable anti-eccentric load structure, ensuring that the construction structure adjacent to the starting shaft or receiving shaft 1 is stably constructed, and will not affect the structural safety of the starting shaft or receiving shaft 1 and the initial excavation and advancement accuracy of the full-section tunnel boring machine. By setting the reinforcing connector 8, the first waterproof reinforcement member 9 and the second waterproof reinforcement member 10, the connection stability and waterproof performance of the entire structure can be guaranteed.

[0035] Specifically, in this embodiment, the side wall of the starting well or the receiving well 1 is integrally connected to the retaining wall 2, and a waterproof layer is generally arranged on the surface of the retaining wall 2 and the side wall of the well wall. The higher end of the diagonal brace 5 is fixedly connected to a preset position of the retaining wall 2, and a stable connection is achieved by reinforcing the connecting member 8. The reinforcing connecting member 8 can improve the waterproof performance of the connection between the diagonal brace 5 and the retaining wall 2, and the damaged part of the waterproof layer caused by the connection structure can be repaired and sealed; the first vertical support member 6 includes an anchor rod extending underground, and a supporting corbel is arranged on the upper end of the above-mentioned anchor rod, and the lower end of the diagonal brace 5 is connected to the supporting corbel to form a triangular stable support structure.

[0036] The upper end of the second vertical support member 7 is connected to the middle position of the diagonal brace 5 by welding or bolting, and the lower end of the second vertical support member 7 is inserted into the ground to form a stable anchoring structure, and the second vertical support member 7 can specifically be a steel support column.

[0037] In the actual construction process, there are overlapping parts between the engineering structure members and the diagonal braces 5, and there are also joints between the base plate 3 and the second vertical support member 7. However, the above two joints may damage the waterproof layer and cause the waterproof performance to decrease. In order to solve the above problem, a first reinforced waterproof member and a second reinforced waterproof member are provided to improve the waterproof performance of the connecting parts.

[0038] Specifically, the portion of the diagonal brace 5 that penetrates the engineering structure is set as the first waterproof reinforcement portion, and the portion of the second vertical support member 7 that penetrates the bottom plate 3 is set as the second waterproof reinforcement portion; the first waterproof reinforcement member 9 and the second waterproof reinforcement member 10 both include a waterstop steel plate 19 sleeved on the outer wall of the first waterproof reinforcement portion or the second waterproof reinforcement portion, a waterstop glue 20 is provided at the connection between the waterstop steel plate 19 and the diagonal brace 5 or the second vertical support member 7, a concrete reinforcement layer 21 is provided on either side of the waterstop steel plate 19, the first waterproof reinforcement portion or the second waterproof reinforcement portion passes through the concrete reinforcement layer 21, and a sealing member is provided at the connection between the first waterproof reinforcement portion or the second waterproof reinforcement portion and the concrete reinforcement layer 21; the waterstop A through hole adapted to the contour of the first waterproof reinforcement part or the second waterproof reinforcement part is provided at the center of the water steel plate 19, and a water-stopping adhesive 20 is provided at the gap position between the through hole and the joint part of the first waterproof reinforcement part or the second waterproof reinforcement part to form a sealing structure. After the first waterproof reinforcement part passes through the corresponding water-stopping steel plate 19, it continues to penetrate into the corresponding concrete reinforcement layer 21 to further reinforce the first waterproof reinforcement part, and the above-mentioned concrete reinforcement layer 21 is located inside the engineering structure to form a multi-layer reinforced structure to improve stability. Similarly, the second waterproof reinforcement part passes through the corresponding water-stopping steel plate 19 and continues to penetrate into the concrete reinforcement layer 21 to form a reinforcement structure, and the sealing member forms a waterproof sealing structure at the joint connection part between the concrete reinforcement layer 21 and the first waterproof reinforcement part or the second waterproof reinforcement part.

[0039] Among them, the above-mentioned sealing component includes an expansion water stop strip 22 on the side close to the above-mentioned water stop steel plate 19 and a sealant 23 on the side away from the above-mentioned water stop steel plate 19. The double-sided waterproof structure further enhances the waterproof effect. The above-mentioned first waterproof reinforcement part and the above-mentioned second waterproof reinforcement part are both hollow and filled with concrete filler 24 inside. The above-mentioned filler can be concrete, which can ensure the supporting stiffness and sealing performance of the first waterproof reinforcement part and the above-mentioned second waterproof reinforcement part.

[0040] The reinforcing connector 8 specifically includes an end plate 13 arranged on the diagonal brace 5, the end plate 13 and the retaining wall 2 are fixedly connected by an anchor structure, the end plate 13 and the retaining wall 2 are provided with a waterproof coating 14, a sealant 23, a tape 15 and a waterproof layer from the inside to the outside, and also includes a plurality of steel nails 16, the steel nails 16 sequentially pass through the sealant 23, the tape 15, the waterproof coating 14 and the end plate 13 and extend into the retaining wall 2, the end plate 13 is connected to the retaining wall 2 by a bolt or screw structure, such a connection structure The actual waterproof structure of the retaining wall 2 is destroyed, so the waterproof coating 14, sealant 23 adhesive tape 15 and reinforced waterproof layer 17 are evenly arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside at the contact position between the end plate 13 and the retaining wall 2, which can completely seal the gap caused by the direct contact between the end plate 13 and the retaining wall 2. In addition, the waterproof coating 14, the upwind adhesive tape, the reinforced waterproof layer 17, the end plate 13 and the retaining wall 2 are fixed in series into a whole through the steel nail 16 structure to ensure the stability of the connection structure. The outermost reinforced waterproof layer 17 ensures better waterproof performance.

[0041] In order to further enhance the waterproof performance of the reinforced connector 8 , a pre-buried waterstop 18 is provided at a position of the retaining wall 2 corresponding to the end plate 13 .

[0042] In addition, the gap between the above-mentioned engineering structure and the above-mentioned retaining wall 2 is filled with filler 11 to further enhance the anti-eccentric load capability of the starting well or receiving well 1. An outer well waterproof layer is arranged between the above-mentioned retaining wall 2 and the above-mentioned filler 11 to ensure the waterproof performance of the anti-eccentric load structure.

[0043] This embodiment also provides a construction method for an anti-eccentric load structure of a starting shaft or a receiving shaft of a tunnel boring machine, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1: Part of the engineering side soil 12 of the completed starting well or receiving well 1 to be constructed is excavated, and a diagonal brace 5 for supporting the retaining wall 2 is installed at the excavated position of the engineering side soil 12, and the upper end of the diagonal brace 5 is fixed to the retaining wall 2, a first vertical support member 6 is arranged at the lower end of the diagonal brace 5, and a second vertical support member 7 is arranged in the middle of the diagonal brace 5; specifically, the first vertical support member 6 is first driven into the preset position of the side to be constructed of the starting well or receiving well 1, and then the lower end of the steel diagonal brace 5 of a certain length and away from the retaining wall 2 is fixed to the first vertical support member 6 through an anchor structure, and then the upper end of the diagonal brace 5 is fixed to the designated position of the retaining wall 2 through a reinforcing connector 8 to form a stable triangular support structure, and then the second vertical support member 7 is vertically anchored downward so that the second vertical support member 7 extends upward by a preset length, and the upper end of the second vertical support member 7 is anchored to the preset position in the middle of the diagonal brace 5.

[0045] Moreover, the installation steps of the above-mentioned reinforced connector 8 are: first fix the end plate 13 to the surface of the retaining wall 2 through the anchor structure, fix the end plate 13 through the angle steel and the diagonal brace 5, uncover the original waterproof layer at the position corresponding to the end plate 13 on the retaining wall 2, apply waterproof coating 14 at the uncovered position, and fix the waterproof layer on the outer layer of the waterproof coating 14 through steel nails 16 to achieve covering the connection position between the end plate 13 and the retaining wall 2, and at the same time, set a sealant 23 tape 15 on the outside of the steel nail 16 for sealing, and the sealant 23 tape 15 is specifically a butyl rubber waterproof sealant 23 tape 15, and finally set a waterproof reinforcement layer on the outside of the sealant 23 tape 15 for covering to form a complete node waterproof structure.

[0046] S2: All the engineering side soil 12 of the construction side of the starting well or the receiving well 1 is excavated and the bottom plate 3 is installed. The second vertical support member 7 is inserted downward into the bottom plate 3, and a second waterproof reinforcement member 10 is arranged at the connection between the bottom plate 3 and the second vertical support member 7; in the specific construction process, the bottom plate 3 is generally a casting foundation, and the casting is carried out in sections during the casting process. Specifically, the bottom layer is cast first, and after the casting of the bottom layer is completed, a layer of concrete reinforcement layer 21 is cast. The concrete reinforcement layer 21 is specifically a fine stone concrete layer. A sealing member is arranged at the connection position between the concrete reinforcement layer 21 and the second vertical support member 7. After another layer is cast on the upper side of the concrete reinforcement layer 21, a water-stopping steel plate 19 is inserted into the outside of the second vertical support member 7, and a water-stopping glue 20 is arranged at the connection between the water-stopping steel plate 19 and the second vertical support member 7. At the same time, the hollow part of the second vertical support member 7 is filled with a filler 11 for sealing.

[0047] S3: An engineering structure is installed on the upper end of the base plate 3, the diagonal brace 5 is inserted into the engineering structure, and a first waterproof reinforcement member 9 is arranged at the connection between the diagonal brace 5 and the engineering structure; the engineering structure is generally a concrete wall member with a structural cavity, and the preset position of the diagonal brace 5 is inserted into the engineering structure. Specifically, during the pouring of the engineering structure, a concrete reinforcement layer 21 and a sealant are added, and a waterstop steel plate 19 and a waterstop glue 20 are added to the diagonal brace 5. At the same time, the hollow part of the diagonal brace 5 is filled with a filler 11 for sealing to complete a multi-layer waterproof line to ensure the best waterproof effect.

[0048] In addition, after the first waterproof reinforcement member 9 is set, filler 11 is filled between the retaining wall 2 and the engineering structure to ensure stable mutual support between the retaining wall 2 and the engineering structure, and to ensure the anti-eccentric load capacity of the starting well or receiving well 1.

[0049] S4: Remove the diagonal braces 5 and the second vertical support members 7 in the space formed by the base plate 3 and the engineering structural members; when the base plate 3 and the engineering structural members have completed solidification and curing, the diagonal braces 5 and the second vertical support members 7 exposed in the space formed by the engineering structural members above the base plate 3 are removed by cutting equipment to avoid affecting subsequent construction projects.

[0050] In summary, the present invention proposes an anti-eccentric load structure and construction method for a starting shaft or a receiving shaft of a tunnel boring machine, and utilizes a diagonal brace 5, a first vertical support member 6, a second vertical support member 7 and a reinforced connecting member 8 to form a complete anti-eccentric load structure to form a "triangle" stable structure, which prevents the overall structure of the starting shaft or the receiving shaft 1 from tilting and structural damage, and prevents secondary risks such as gushing caused by deformation of the starting and receiving shafts during the tunneling of the waterproof tunnel boring machine, thereby reducing the safety risks of the starting and receiving shafts under eccentric load conditions, and realizing the synchronous construction of adjacent projects, which will be beneficial to the structural safety of the starting or receiving shafts with eccentric load conditions, ensuring the smooth starting and arrival of the tunnel boring machine, and saving project investment and construction period to the greatest extent; at the same time, the setting of the connecting member 8 is strengthened to effectively restore the waterproof layer damaged during the connection, and ensure the structural safety and waterproof requirements of the existing starting shaft or the receiving shaft 1; at the same time, the setting of the first waterproof reinforcement member 9 and the second waterproof reinforcement member 10 is adopted to form an effective waterproof layer to ensure the waterproof requirements of adjacent projects. After the underground part of the adjacent project and the backfill between the adjacent project and the starting well or receiving well are completed, the diagonal brace 5 and the second vertical support 7 of the steel structure can be easily cut off to ensure the use space of the adjacent structure. This technology is a light structure design method that can speed up the construction progress and save project investment while ensuring the safety and waterproofness of the starting well or receiving well 1.

Claims

1. The anti-eccentric load structure of the starting shaft or receiving shaft of the tunnel boring machine is characterized by: It comprises a starting well or a receiving well (1), a retaining wall (2) is arranged on the side of the starting well or the receiving well to be constructed, the retaining wall (2) is connected to a supporting structure, a bottom plate (3) is arranged on the side of the retaining wall (2) connected to the supporting structure, an engineering structure is arranged on the upper end of the bottom plate (3), and both the bottom plate (3) and the engineering structure are connected to the supporting structure; The supporting structure (4) comprises an inclined brace (5) connected to the retaining wall (2); the lower end of the inclined brace (5) extends to a side away from the retaining wall (2) and is connected to a first vertical support member (6); a reinforcing connection member (8) is provided between the inclined brace (5) and the retaining wall (2); the fixed end of the first vertical support member (6) extends underground; a second vertical support member (7) is provided in the middle of the inclined brace (5); the fixed end of the second vertical support member (7) extends underground; a first waterproof reinforcement member (9) is provided at the connection position between the inclined brace (5) and the engineering structure; and a second waterproof reinforcement member (10) is provided at the connection position between the second vertical support member (7) and the bottom plate (3).

2. The anti-eccentric load structure of the starting shaft or receiving shaft of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The portion of the diagonal brace (5) penetrating the engineering structure is set as a first waterproof reinforcement portion, and the portion of the second vertical support member (7) penetrating the bottom plate (3) is set as a second waterproof reinforcement portion; the first waterproof reinforcement member (9) and the second waterproof reinforcement member (10) both include a water-stopping steel plate (19) sleeved on the outer wall of the first waterproof reinforcement portion or the second waterproof reinforcement portion, a water-stopping glue (20) is provided at the connection between the water-stopping steel plate (19) and the diagonal brace (5) or the second vertical support member (7), a concrete reinforcement layer (21) is provided on either side of the water-stopping steel plate (19), the first waterproof reinforcement portion or the second waterproof reinforcement portion passes through the concrete reinforcement layer (21), and a sealing member is provided at the connection between the first waterproof reinforcement portion or the second waterproof reinforcement portion and the concrete reinforcement layer (21).

3. The anti-eccentric load structure of the starting shaft or receiving shaft of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sealing element comprises a water stop strip on one side close to the water stop steel plate (19) and a sealing glue (23) on one side away from the water stop steel plate (19).

4. The anti-eccentric load structure of the starting shaft or receiving shaft of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first waterproof reinforcement part and the second waterproof reinforcement part are both hollow and filled with concrete fillers (24).

5. The construction method of the anti-eccentric load structure of the starting shaft or receiving shaft of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcing connecting member (8) comprises an end plate (13) arranged on the diagonal brace (5); the end plate (13) and the retaining wall (2) are fixedly connected by a screw structure; a waterproof coating (14), a sealing adhesive (23) tape (15) and a reinforcing waterproof layer (17) are arranged from the inside to the outside at the end plate (13) and the retaining wall (2); and the reinforcing connecting member (8) further comprises a plurality of steel nails (16); the steel nails (16) sequentially penetrate the sealing adhesive (23) tape (15), the waterproof coating (14) and the end plate (13) and then extend into the retaining wall (2).

6. The anti-eccentric load structure of the starting shaft or receiving shaft of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The retaining wall (2) is provided with a pre-buried water stop strip (18) at a position corresponding to the end plate (13).

7. The anti-eccentric load structure of the starting shaft or receiving shaft of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gap between the engineering structure and the retaining wall (2) is filled with filler (11).

8. The anti-eccentric load structure of the starting shaft or receiving shaft of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: An outer well waterproof layer is provided between the retaining wall (2) and the filler (11).

9. A construction method for an anti-eccentric load structure of a starting shaft or a receiving shaft of a tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: excavating part of the engineering side soil (12) on the side to be constructed of the completed starting well or receiving well (1), installing a diagonal brace (5) for supporting the retaining wall (2) at the excavated position of the engineering side soil (12), fixing the upper end of the diagonal brace (5) to the retaining wall (2), arranging a first vertical support member (6) at the lower end of the diagonal brace (5), and arranging a second vertical support member (7) in the middle of the diagonal brace (5); S2: All the engineering side soil (12) on the construction side of the starting well or the receiving well (1) is excavated and the bottom plate (3) is installed, the second vertical support member (7) is inserted downward into the bottom plate (3), and a second waterproof reinforcement member (10) is arranged at the connection between the bottom plate (3) and the second vertical support member (7); S3: installing an engineering structure member on the upper end of the base plate (3), inserting the diagonal brace (5) into the engineering structure member, and providing a first waterproof reinforcement member (9) at the connection between the diagonal brace (5) and the engineering structure member; S4: Remove the diagonal brace (5) and the second vertical support member (7) above the base plate (3) and in the space formed by the engineering structure member.

10. The construction method of the anti-eccentric load structure of the starting shaft or receiving shaft of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: Step S3 also includes filling filler (11) between the retaining wall (2) and the engineering structure after the first waterproof reinforcement member (9) is installed.

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