Differential case fixing shaft loading test tool and test method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of differential tests, and relates to a differential case fixing shaft loading test tool and test method.The differential case fixing shaft loading test tool comprises a supporting adjusting base, a linear hydraulic oil cylinder, a loading arm and a torque bearing piece, the torque bearing piece comprises a torque transmission piece and a differential, and the torque transmission piece is oppositely installed on the loading arm; the two torque transmission pieces are in key connection with half axle gears at the two ends of the differential mechanism respectively, torque sensors are installed on the torque transmission pieces, the torque transmission pieces are connected with the axial supporting seat through bearings, and the differential mechanism is fixedly installed in the fixed box body through a differential mechanism shell installation flange. The linear hydraulic oil cylinder is adopted for loading, horizontal force is converted into torque loaded on the half axle gears on the two sides of the differential through the loading arm, the half axle gears on the two sides are connected into a whole through the loading arm, the differential shell is fixed by the fixing box body, and meanwhile torque is loaded on the half axle gears on the two sides at the same time. The working condition that two half shafts of a differential mechanism of a real vehicle are subjected to torque at the same time is truly and effectively simulated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of differential testing, and in particular to a test fixture and a test method for loading a fixed shaft of a differential case. Background Art

[0002] The car differential enables the left and right wheels or the front and rear wheels to rotate at different speeds. It is composed of planetary gears, differential case, half-axle gears and other parts. The power of the engine enters the differential through the drive shaft, directly drives the differential case, and then the planetary gear drives the left and right half-axles to drive the left and right wheels respectively.

[0003] In order to evaluate the durability and service life of the differential, fatigue testing is an indispensable part. There are multiple fixed loading methods for differential testing. Among them, in the existing differential case fixing and shaft loading test fixtures, hydraulic swing cylinders are mostly used as loading devices. However, since the half-axle gears of the differential are located on the left and right sides of the differential case, if the differential case is fixed, only the half-axle gears on one side can be loaded using a swing cylinder. This loading method cannot truly reflect the stress state of the differential during the actual vehicle driving process, because in actual situations, the two half-axles of the differential will be subjected to torque at the same time.

[0004] In order to overcome the limitations of the prior art, fix the differential case, and load the half-shaft gears on the left and right sides at the same time to more realistically simulate the working state of the actual vehicle differential, the present invention proposes a new tooling design. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above existing technical problems, the present invention provides a test fixture and a test method for loading a fixed shaft of a differential case.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is realized by the following solution: a test fixture for loading a fixed shaft of a differential case, comprising a support adjustment seat, a linear hydraulic oil cylinder, a loading arm and a torque bearing member, the support adjustment seat is movably mounted with a cylinder adjustment mounting seat and an axial support seat, the linear hydraulic oil cylinder is movably mounted on the cylinder adjustment mounting seat, the linear hydraulic oil cylinder is connected to a swing ball joint through a force sensor, the swing ball joint is connected to the torque bearing member through the loading arm, the torque bearing member is connected to the support adjustment seat through the axial support seat, one end of the torque bearing member is connected to the loading arm, a torque sensor is mounted on the torque bearing member, and the other end of the torque bearing member is mounted on a fixed box; The torque bearing member includes a torque transmission member and a differential. The torque transmission member is relatively mounted on the loading arm. The two torque transmission members are respectively keyed to the half-shaft gears at both ends of the differential. A torque sensor is mounted on the torque transmission member. The torque transmission member is connected to the axial support seat through a bearing. The differential is fixedly mounted in a fixed housing through a differential case mounting flange.

[0007] Preferably, the torque transmission component includes a loading shaft and a half-shaft gear connecting rod, the loading shaft is relatively arranged on the loading arm, a single loading shaft is connected to the half-shaft gear connecting rod through a torque sensor flange, a single loading shaft bearing is connected to an axial support seat, and two half-shaft gear connecting rods are respectively keyed to the half-shaft gears at both ends of the differential. Preferably, the cylinder adjustment mounting seat includes a height adjustment seat and an oblique adjustment portal frame, a slide is slidably mounted on the height adjustment seat, the linear hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the slide, the oblique adjustment portal frame is straddled at the piston rod of the linear hydraulic cylinder, and the linear hydraulic cylinder is suspended on the oblique adjustment portal frame.

[0008] Preferably, a linear guide rail is provided on the support adjustment seat at the bottom of the axial support seat, a sliding block adapted to the linear guide rail is provided at the bottom of the axial support seat, and an adjustment handle is installed on the side of the axial support seat away from the fixed box.

[0009] Preferably, the loading arm comprises a connecting rod and a vertical rod, both ends of the connecting rod are connected to the vertical rod, the loading shaft is relatively installed on the vertical rod, and the swing ball joint is detachably installed in the middle of the connecting rod.

[0010] Preferably, the differential case mounting flange is detachably mounted on one side of a fixed case body, the fixed case body comprises an upper detachable portion and a lower case body, the upper detachable portion is detachably mounted on the lower case body, both the upper detachable portion and the lower case body are provided with an arc groove matched with the differential case mounting flange, the upper detachable portion is provided with a through groove matched with the case body storage groove, the case body is detachably mounted on a support adjustment seat, and an oil drain pipe is provided at the bottom of one side of the case body.

[0011] The test method of the differential case fixed shaft loading test fixture has the following specific test steps: Step A: Assemble and install each workpiece to the appropriate position of the support adjustment seat according to the test requirements; Step B: Use the cylinder adjustment mounting base to adjust the direction and height of the linear hydraulic cylinder until the horizontal position is ensured; Step C: Adjust the differential case mounting flange on the fixed case according to the differential sample; Step D: Start the linear hydraulic cylinder and begin the test.

[0012] Preferably, the specific steps of step B include: b1, adjust the height of the linear hydraulic cylinder through the height adjustment seat; b2. Turn the handle on the oblique adjustment portal frame to adjust the inclination of the linear hydraulic cylinder head. Preferably, the specific steps of step C include: c1, disassemble and separate the upper disassembly part from the lower box body; c2, and then disassemble and replace the differential case mounting flange.

[0013] Preferably, the specific experimental steps of step D include: d1, the linear hydraulic cylinder movement produces horizontal force; d2, force sensor detection, and then the swing ball joint drives the loading arm to make circular motion; d3, the torque transmission part is subjected to force and rotates freely on the axial support seat, which is detected by the torque sensor; d4, finally the two opposing torques are transmitted to the two ends of the differential fixed in the fixed case; d5. Compare the values ​​measured by the force sensor and the torque sensor to complete the test.

[0014] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention adopts a linear hydraulic cylinder for loading, and converts the horizontal force into torque loaded on the half-shaft gears on both sides of the differential through the loading arm, and the half-shaft gears on both sides are connected as a whole through the loading arm. When the differential case is fixed by the fixed box, the torque is loaded on the half-shaft gears on both sides at the same time, which truly and effectively simulates the working condition that the two half-shafts of the actual vehicle differential are subjected to torque at the same time, and overcomes the limitation that only one side of the half-shaft gear can be loaded after the differential case is fixed in the traditional tooling, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the test results, improving the test efficiency, and reducing the test time and cost.

[0015] 2. The differential is connected by the connecting rods of the half-shaft gears on both sides and suspended in the fixed housing, and the differential housing and the differential housing mounting flange are assembled and fixed on the fixed housing. While fixing the differential housing, the axial support seat that slides axially freely on the linear guide rail is used to load torque on the half-shaft gears on both sides at the same time, ensuring that the axial support seat is in a free floating state during the test, so that the half-shafts at both ends of the differential are subjected to pure torque without generating axial tension or pressure due to torsional deformation, ensuring the accuracy of the test and improving the accuracy and life of the torque sensor.

[0016] 3. The design of the height adjustment seat allows the slide to slide on it, so that the linear hydraulic cylinder can adapt to different working height requirements, improving the flexibility and applicability of the equipment. The oblique adjustment door frame ensures that the linear hydraulic cylinder can remain stably in a horizontal state and provides it with necessary support.

[0017] 4. The loading arm cooperates with the swing ball joint installed in the middle of the loading arm to load the same torque on both sides of the differential at the same time. The swing ball joint effectively offsets the arc movement of the loading arm and generates lateral force on the linear hydraulic cylinder, effectively increasing the life of the linear hydraulic cylinder. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main viewing angle stereoscopic structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a left-view stereoscopic structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fixed box of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a front view schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 AA perspective cross-sectional structural diagram; Figure 6 It is a schematic flow chart of the test method of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. Support adjustment seat; 2. Linear hydraulic cylinder; 3. Cylinder adjustment mounting seat; 31. Height adjustment seat; 32. Oblique adjustment portal frame; 4. Loading arm; 5. Axial support seat; 6. Torque bearing member; 61. Loading shaft; 62. Half-axle gear connecting rod; 63. Differential; 64. Differential case mounting flange; 7. Torque sensor; 8. Swing ball joint; 9. Force sensor; 10. Fixed box; 11. Linear guide rail; 12. Adjustment handle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the following disclosure. The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Embodiment 1: A test fixture and test method for loading a fixed shaft of a differential case, such as Figure 1-Figure 5As shown, it includes a support adjustment seat 1, a linear hydraulic cylinder 2, a loading arm 4 and a torque bearing member 6. A cylinder adjustment mounting seat 3 and an axial support seat 5 are movably mounted on the support adjustment seat 1. A plurality of T-slots are opened on the support adjustment seat 1. The cylinder adjustment mounting seat 3 is mounted on the support adjustment seat 1 by bolts and can be adjusted at any time. The linear hydraulic cylinder 2 is movably mounted on the cylinder adjustment mounting seat 3. The linear hydraulic cylinder 2 is adjusted in height and up and down inclination by the cylinder adjustment mounting seat 3 to ensure that it can be adjusted to a horizontal state for linear force application no matter what is suitable. The linear hydraulic cylinder 2 is connected to a swing ball joint 8 through a force sensor 9. The force sensor 9 is located at the piston rod of the linear hydraulic cylinder 2. The other end of the force sensor 9 can be Auxiliary rods such as extension rods are added to connect the swing ball joint 8. The swing ball joint 8 is connected to the torque bearing member 6 through the loading arm 4. The horizontal force is converted into torque through the relationship between force and force arm. The torque bearing member 6 is connected to the support adjustment seat 1 through the axial support seat 5. One end of the torque bearing member 6 is connected to the loading arm 4. A torque sensor 7 is installed on the torque bearing member 6. The other end of the torque bearing member 6 is installed on the fixed box 10. One end of the torque bearing member 6 is connected to the loading arm 4, and the other end is located in the fixed box 10. The axial support seat 5 supports the torque bearing member 6. When the loading arm 4 is in operation, its motion trajectory is an arc, and the swing ball joint 8 can effectively avoid lateral force on the linear hydraulic cylinder 2, thereby improving the service life.

[0023] The flange surface of the differential 63 is fixed. There are two identical spline holes on both sides of the differential 63. These two holes need to be loaded with a torque at the same time to test the fatigue damage degree of the differential 63, so as to complete the case fixing and shaft loading test. The torque bearing member 6 includes a torque transmission member and a differential 63. The torque transmission member is relatively installed on the loading arm 4. The two torque transmission members are respectively keyed to the half-shaft gears at both ends of the differential 63. A torque sensor 7 is installed on the torque transmission member. The torque transmission member is connected to the axial support seat 5 through a bearing. The differential 63 is fixedly installed in the fixed case 10 through the differential case mounting flange 64. The differential 63 is fixed in the middle of the fixed case 10 by the differential case mounting flange 64. The differential case mounting flange 64 is installed on one side of the fixed case 10. The two relative torque transmission members are inserted into the half-shaft gears at both ends of the differential 63, one on the left and one on the right. Although the differential 63 is fixed by the differential case mounting flange 64, the differential The differential case mounting flange 64 does not hinder the entry of the torque transmission parts. A through hole compatible with the torque transmission parts is opened on the differential case mounting flange 64. The torque transmission parts on the same side of the differential case mounting flange 64 directly pass through the through hole to connect with the differential 63. The number of axial support seats 5 is preferably two, which support the two torque transmission parts to ensure that the differential 63 case is firmly fixed. At the same time, by applying a certain torque to the half-axle gears on the left and right sides, the fatigue test of the differential 63 under the condition of simultaneous stress on both axes is realized, which not only improves the accuracy and reliability of the test, but also helps to more accurately evaluate the service life and performance of the differential 63. The differential 63 in the fixed case 10 is located in the middle, just below the swing ball joint 8. The differential case mounting flange 64 fixes the outer shell of the differential 63 on the fixed case 10, which not only ensures the stable support of the differential 63, but also enhances the structural stability of the entire tooling.

[0024] The torque transmission member includes a loading shaft 61 and a half-axle gear connecting rod 62. The loading shaft 61 is relatively arranged on the loading arm 4. The single loading shaft 61 is connected to the half-axle gear connecting rod 62 through the torque sensor 7 flange. The single loading shaft 61 is connected to the axial support seat 5 with a bearing. The two half-axle gear connecting rods 62 are respectively connected to the half-axle gears at both ends of the differential 63 with a key. The loading shaft 61 can rotate freely in the axial support seat 5 through the bearing. The two sides of the differential 63 extend into the half-axle gear connecting rod 62 for transmission, so as to load the half-axle gears on the left and right sides at the same time, simulating the actual vehicle working conditions, so as to more accurately evaluate the performance and durability of the differential 63 during vehicle driving. The integral end of the half-axle gear connecting rod 62 The spline shaft has a flange surface at the other end, and the spline shaft ends of the two half-shaft gear connecting rods 62 are connected to the half-shaft gears on both sides of the differential 63, and the flange surfaces of the two half-shaft gear connecting rods 62 are connected to the torque sensor 7. The number of torque sensors 7 is preferably 2. One end of the two loading shafts 61 is respectively connected to the corresponding torque sensors 7, and the other end is connected to the loading arm 4. The loading shafts 61 on the left and right sides, the torque sensors 7 corresponding to each other, and the half-shaft gear connecting rods 62 on the left and right sides form an integrated body to transmit torque on both sides of the differential 63. The data collected by the torque sensors 7 at both ends can also be compared with the readings of the force sensor 9, which further verifies the real torque applied to the differential 63 sample.

[0025] The cylinder adjustment mounting seat 3 includes a height adjustment seat 31 and an oblique adjustment portal frame 32. A slide is slidably installed on the height adjustment seat 31. The linear hydraulic cylinder 2 is hinged to the slide. The oblique adjustment portal frame 32 is straddled at the piston rod of the linear hydraulic cylinder 2. The linear hydraulic cylinder 2 is suspended on the oblique adjustment portal frame 32. The linear hydraulic cylinder 2 is located in the center position below the oblique adjustment portal frame 32. A handle is installed on the oblique adjustment portal frame 32. The linear hydraulic cylinder 2 is hinged to the slide. Therefore, you only need to turn the handle to adjust the up and down direction of the piston rod of the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 to ensure that the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 is in a horizontal state and to ensure that the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 maintains horizontal force.

[0026] A linear guide rail 11 is provided on the support adjustment seat 1 at the bottom of the axial support seat 5. A sliding block adapted to the linear guide rail 11 is provided at the bottom of the axial support seat 5. An adjustment handle 12 is installed on the side of the axial support seat 5 away from the fixed box 10. The axial support seat 5 can slide freely on the linear guide rail 11. The differential 63 is suspended in the fixed box 10 to ensure that the differential 63 is in a free floating state during the test, so that the half shafts at both ends of the differential 63 are subjected to pure torque without generating axial tension due to torsional deformation. The linear guide rail 11 is used to adjust the entry and exit position, which provides convenience for the operator. Blocks are installed at both ends of the support adjustment seat 1 close to the slide rail. The axial support seat 5 is limited to prevent it from slipping out, and the adjustment handle 12 passes through the block. The adjustment handle 12 is convenient for manually resetting and adjusting the axial support seat 5. The axial support seat 5 has a built-in bearing, and the loading shaft 61 rotates freely inside it. The axial support seat 5 supports the two loading shafts 61. When the sample is subjected to torque, its axial length will change with the twisting shape. Therefore, linear guide rails 11 structures are designed at the bottom of the axial support seats 5 on both sides, which can slide freely on it. If there is no axial movement, an additional axial tension or pressure will be generated, which will affect the overall test accuracy and the accuracy and life of the torque sensor 7.

[0027] The loading arm 4 includes a connecting rod and a vertical rod. Both ends of the connecting rod are connected to the vertical rod. The loading shaft 61 is relatively installed on the vertical rod. The swing ball joint 8 is detachably installed in the middle of the connecting rod to ensure that the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 applies the same torque to both sides of the differential 63 at the same time after the force is applied. The whole is in a "door" shape. The loading arm 4 can remain stable when subjected to force, and can perform circular motion around the swing ball joint 8 under the joint action of the swing ball joint 8. This movement mode enables the loading arm 4 to simulate the motion state of the actual vehicle under different working conditions. The force is dispersed to the loading shafts 61 on both sides through the vertical rods on both sides of the connecting rod, generating torque, which is detected by the torque sensor 7, and truly simulates the state of the actual vehicle.

[0028] like Figure 3As shown, the differential case mounting flange 64 can be detachably mounted on one side of the fixed case 10. The fixed case 10 includes an upper detachable part and a lower case. The upper detachable part can be detachably mounted on the lower case. Both the upper detachable part and the lower case are provided with arc grooves adapted to the differential case mounting flange 64. The upper detachable part is provided with a through groove adapted to the case storage groove. The case can be detachably mounted on the support adjustment seat 1. An oil drain pipe is provided at the bottom of one side of the case. During the test, it is necessary to continuously spray lubricating oil on the differential 63 to simulate the actual vehicle condition. An oil drain hole with a stop valve is provided on the side of the case. , to prevent the oil from overflowing in the box body, the upper disassembly part is connected to the top by a through groove, and the whole is a semi-enclosed box body without a top cover, which is convenient for continuously spraying lubricating oil on the differential 63. The upper disassembly part, the lower box body and the side opposite to the arc groove with the differential case mounting flange 64 are provided with an arc groove adapted to the half-shaft gear connecting rod 62 to ensure that there is no obstruction to the installation. The upper disassembly part and the lower box body are connected by screws for easy installation and disassembly. The fixed box body 10 is specially used to fix the differential case mounting flange 64, and is used to support the differential 63. The differential 63 is suspended in the fixed box body 10.

[0029] Embodiment 2: A test method for a differential case fixed shaft loading test fixture, such as Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the following steps are included: Step A: Assemble and install each workpiece to a suitable position of the support adjustment seat 1 according to the test requirements; If the components of the torque transmission detection are far away from the linear hydraulic cylinder 2, an extension rod may be used to extend the connection to ensure the connection between the force sensor 9 and the swing ball valve.

[0030] Step B: Adjust the direction and height of the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 by adjusting the mounting base 3 through the cylinder until the horizontal position is ensured; b1, adjusting the height of the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 by means of the height adjustment seat 31; b2, turn the handle on the oblique adjustment door frame 32 to adjust the inclination of the head of the linear hydraulic cylinder 2.

[0031] Firstly, a slide is slidably mounted on the height adjustment seat 31, allowing the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 to be precisely adjusted in the vertical direction. By sliding the slide, the initial height of the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 can be easily changed to meet different work requirements.

[0032] Secondly, the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 is connected to the slide seat by means of an articulation. This connection method not only increases the flexibility of installation, but also allows the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 to be adjusted in angle within a certain range. It is very important to ensure that the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 remains horizontal during operation. Horizontal force can maximize the working efficiency and service life of the cylinder.

[0033] In addition, the oblique adjustment portal frame 32 is arranged across the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, and the cylinder is suspended thereon. By using the handle on the oblique adjustment portal frame 32, the up and down direction of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder can be easily changed and fixed, thereby ensuring that the cylinder always remains in a horizontal state during operation.

[0034] Step C: According to the differential 63 sample, adjust the differential case mounting flange 64 on the fixed case 10; c1, disassemble and separate the upper disassembly part from the lower box body; c2, and then disassemble and replace the differential case mounting flange 64.

[0035] The differential case mounting flange 64 is finally fixed to the fixed case 10 by bolts, and can be replaced and disassembled at any time. Different connection sizes are designed for different differential 63 samples.

[0036] Step D: Start the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 and start the test; d1, the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 moves to produce horizontal force; d2, the force sensor 9 detects, and then the swing ball joint 8 drives the loading arm 4 to make circular motion; d3, the torque transmission member is subjected to force and rotates freely in the axial support seat 5, which is detected by the torque sensor 7; d4, finally the two relative torques are transmitted to the two ends of the differential 63 fixed in the fixed housing 10; d5, compare the values ​​measured by the force sensor 9 and the torque sensor 7 to complete the test.

[0037] A linear hydraulic cylinder 2 is used for loading, and the horizontal force is converted into torque through the relationship between force and lever arm. The torque is evenly dispersed to the half-axle gears at both ends of the differential 63 specimen through the loading arm 4, truly simulating the actual vehicle state. In addition, the data collected by the torque sensors 7 at both ends can also be compared with the readings of the force sensor 9 to complete the test detection.

[0038] The staff installs each object on the support adjustment seat 1, adjusts the height of the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 through the height adjustment seat 31, adjusts the inclination through the oblique adjustment door frame 32, adjusts the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 to a suitable height and horizontal orientation, starts the linear hydraulic cylinder 2 to start pushing the horizontal force, and the pushing force passes through the swing ball joint 8 and the loading shaft 61 on the loading arm 4, converts the horizontal thrust into torque, and transmits it to the differential 63, which is detected by the torque sensor 7. At this time, the axial support seat 5 can freely move the axial position on the linear guide 11 through the slider on its bottom surface, and the differential 63 is supported in the middle of the fixed box 10 by the torque transmission parts on both sides, and cooperates with the axial support seat 5 that can move the axial position freely, so that the half shafts at both ends of the differential 63 are subjected to pure torque, and no axial tension is generated due to torsional deformation, thereby affecting the accuracy of the torque sensor 7.

[0039] The parts and equipment all adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connections adopt conventional connection methods in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here. The contents not described in detail in this manual belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the technical content disclosed above to change or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes for application in other fields. However, any simple modification or equivalent change made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test fixture for loading a fixed shaft of a differential case, characterized in that: The invention comprises a support adjustment seat (1), a linear hydraulic cylinder (2), a loading arm (4) and a torque bearing member (6); the support adjustment seat (1) is movably mounted with a cylinder adjustment mounting seat (3) and an axial support seat (5); the linear hydraulic cylinder (2) is movably mounted on the cylinder adjustment mounting seat (3); the linear hydraulic cylinder (2) is connected to a swing ball joint (8) via a force sensor (9); the swing ball joint (8) is connected to the torque bearing member (6) via the loading arm (4); the torque bearing member (6) is connected to the support adjustment seat (1) via the axial support seat (5); one end of the torque bearing member (6) is connected to the loading arm (4); a torque sensor (7) is mounted on the torque bearing member (6); and the other end of the torque bearing member (6) is mounted on a fixed box (10); The torque bearing member (6) comprises a torque transmission member and a differential (63), the torque transmission member being relatively mounted on the loading arm (4), the two torque transmission members being key-connected to the half-axle gears at both ends of the differential (63), a torque sensor (7) being mounted on the torque transmission member, the torque transmission member being connected to the axial support seat (5) via a bearing, and the differential (63) being fixedly mounted in the fixed housing (10) via a differential case mounting flange (64).

2. A test fixture for loading a differential case fixed shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The torque transmission member comprises a loading shaft (61) and a half-axle gear connecting rod (62), wherein the loading shaft (61) is relatively arranged on the loading arm (4), a single loading shaft (61) is flange-connected to the half-axle gear connecting rod (62) via a torque sensor (7), a single loading shaft (61) is bearing-connected to an axial support seat (5), and two half-axle gear connecting rods (62) are key-connected to half-axle gears at both ends of a differential (63), respectively.

3. The test fixture for loading the fixed shaft of a differential case according to claim 2, characterized in that: The oil cylinder adjustment mounting seat (3) comprises a height adjustment seat (31) and an oblique adjustment portal frame (32); a slide is slidably mounted on the height adjustment seat (31); the linear hydraulic oil cylinder (2) is hingedly connected to the slide; the oblique adjustment portal frame (32) is straddled at the piston rod of the linear hydraulic oil cylinder (2); and the linear hydraulic oil cylinder (2) is suspended on the oblique adjustment portal frame (32).

4. The test fixture for loading the fixed shaft of a differential case according to claim 3, characterized in that: A linear guide rail (11) is provided on the support adjustment seat (1) at the bottom of the axial support seat (5), a sliding block adapted to the linear guide rail (11) is provided at the bottom of the axial support seat (5), and an adjustment handle (12) is installed on the side of the axial support seat (5) away from the fixed box (10).

5. The test fixture for loading the fixed shaft of a differential case according to claim 2, characterized in that: The loading arm (4) comprises a connecting rod and a vertical rod, both ends of the connecting rod are connected to the vertical rod, the loading shaft (61) is relatively mounted on the vertical rod, and the swing ball joint (8) is detachably mounted in the middle of the connecting rod.

6. The test fixture for loading the fixed shaft of a differential case according to claim 3, characterized in that: The differential case mounting flange (64) is detachably mounted on one side of a fixed case (10); the fixed case (10) comprises an upper detachable portion and a lower case; the upper detachable portion is detachably mounted on the lower case; both the upper detachable portion and the lower case are provided with arc grooves matching the differential case mounting flange (64); the upper detachable portion is provided with a through groove matching the case storage groove; the case is detachably mounted on a support adjustment seat (1); and an oil drain pipe is provided at the bottom of one side of the case.

7. A test method for a differential case fixed shaft loading test fixture, characterized in that: The test is carried out using the differential case fixed shaft loading test fixture as claimed in claim 6, comprising the following steps: Step A: Assemble and install each workpiece to a suitable position of the support adjustment seat (1) according to the test requirements; Step B: Adjust the direction and height of the linear hydraulic cylinder (2) by adjusting the cylinder mounting base (3) until a horizontal position is ensured; Step C: adjusting the differential case mounting flange (64) on the fixed case (10) according to the differential (63) sample; Step D: Start the linear hydraulic cylinder (2) and start the test.

8. The test method of the differential case fixed shaft loading test fixture according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific steps of step B include: b1, adjusting the height of the linear hydraulic cylinder (2) by means of a height adjustment seat (31); b2. Turn the handle on the oblique adjustment portal frame (32) to adjust the inclination of the head of the linear hydraulic cylinder (2).

9. The test method of the differential case fixed shaft loading test fixture according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific steps of step C include: c1, disassemble and separate the upper disassembly part from the lower box body; c2, and then disassemble and replace the differential case mounting flange (64).

10. The test method of the differential case fixed shaft loading test fixture according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific experimental steps of step D include: d1, the linear hydraulic cylinder (2) moves to generate a horizontal force; d2, the force sensor (9) detects, and then the swing ball joint (8) drives the loading arm (4) to make circular motion; d3, the torque transmission member is subjected to force and rotates freely on the axial support seat (5), which is detected by the torque sensor (7); d4, and finally the two opposing torques are transmitted to the two ends of the differential (63) fixed in the fixed housing (10); d5, the test is completed by comparing the values ​​measured by the force sensor (9) and the torque sensor (7).

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