Hydrogen fuel cell system device and idle speed zero power control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cells, in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell system device and an idling zero-power control method, and the hydrogen fuel cell system device comprises a fuel cell stack, a DCDC converter electrically connected with the fuel cell stack, a cooling fan module electrically connected with the fuel cell stack, and an FCU controller; a hydrogen supply unit and an air supply unit are arranged on the fuel cell stack; the DCDC converter is provided with a high-voltage output positive electrode and a high-voltage output negative electrode, the DCDC converter is provided with a 24V output interface, and the 24V output interface is electrically connected with the cooling fan module; the FCU controller is in control connection with the DCDC converter and the cooling fan module. According to the invention, redundant electric energy is converted into 24V low-voltage electric energy through the DCDC converter to drive the fan to operate, so that the redundant electric energy is effectively consumed. The method not only improves the energy utilization efficiency of the system, but also avoids the damage of the electric pile caused by excessive power generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells, and in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell system device and an idle zero power control method. Background Art

[0002] In the idle state, the fuel cell system will continue to consume a certain amount of hydrogen and generate a small amount of electricity. If this electricity cannot be consumed in time, it will cause the voltage to rise, thereby accelerating the aging and corrosion of the stack. This not only reduces the energy utilization efficiency of the system, but also shortens the service life of the stack. In addition, the stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system still needs to maintain a certain temperature range in the idle state to ensure its normal operation. If the temperature is too high or too low, it will affect the performance and life of the stack. Therefore, temperature control is also an important issue that needs to be solved in the hydrogen fuel cell system in the idle state. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a hydrogen fuel cell system device and an idle zero power control method to address the problem in the background technology that hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity in the idle state, which reduces the energy utilization efficiency and may cause voltage increase, accelerate aging and corrosion of the fuel cell stack.

[0004] On the one hand, the present invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell system device, including a fuel cell stack, a DCDC converter electrically connected to the fuel cell stack, a cooling fan module electrically connected to the fuel cell stack, and an FCU controller;

[0005] A hydrogen supply unit and an air supply unit are arranged on the fuel cell stack; a high-voltage output positive electrode and a high-voltage output negative electrode are arranged on the DCDC converter to provide electric energy to an external load; a 24V output interface is arranged on the DCDC converter, and the 24V output interface is electrically connected to the cooling fan module to supply power to the cooling fan module; the FCU controller is controlled and connected to the DCDC converter and the cooling fan module.

[0006] Preferably, it also includes a coolant circulation mechanism and an electric three-way valve, the electric three-way valve is connected to the coolant circulation mechanism, the three ways of the electric three-way valve are respectively connected to the cooling water outlet, cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack and the heat dissipation pipeline of the heat dissipation fan module, a coolant outflow temperature sensor is arranged between the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack and the electric three-way valve, and a coolant inflow temperature sensor is arranged between the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack and the electric three-way valve; a thermostat is arranged in the coolant circulation mechanism, the thermostat and the coolant outflow temperature sensor and the coolant inflow temperature sensor are all connected for data transmission, and the thermostat and the electric three-way valve are control-connected.

[0007] Preferably, when the temperature detected by the coolant outlet temperature sensor is higher than the set value, the thermostat controls the electric three-way valve to increase its opening, thereby increasing the coolant flow flowing through the fuel cell stack, and at the same time increasing the coolant flow through the cooling fan module, so that the cooling fan module takes away more heat and reduces the fuel cell stack inlet temperature.

[0008] Preferably, when the temperature detected by the coolant outlet temperature sensor is lower than the set value, the thermostat controls the electric three-way valve to reduce the opening, thereby reducing the coolant flow flowing through the fuel cell stack, and at the same time reducing the coolant flow through the cooling fan module, reducing the heat taken away by the cooling fan module, and increasing the fuel cell stack inlet temperature.

[0009] On the other hand, the present invention provides an idle zero power control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1, system initialization, FCU controller starts, ready to control the entire system, DCDC converter starts, water pump starts, cooling fan module starts; thermostat starts;

[0011] S2, controlling the supply of hydrogen and air, the hydrogen supply unit provides hydrogen, and the air supply unit provides air;

[0012] S3, the fuel cell system enters idle mode and generates a small amount of electricity;

[0013] S4, DCDC converter detects the voltage and current output by the fuel cell stack: monitors the output voltage and current of the fuel cell stack in real time and calculates the current power output; FCU controller calculates the excess power at idle speed: uses 24V low-voltage power to drive the cooling fan module, so that the cooling fan module rotates to consume excess power.

[0014] Preferably, the relationship between the power and the rotational speed of the fan can be expressed as follows: the power of the fan is proportional to the cube of the rotational speed.

[0015] Preferably, determining the fan speed in the cooling fan module includes the following steps: S41, calculating the excess electric energy generated by the DCDC converter at idle speed; S42, obtaining a reference power and a reference speed from the specifications or characteristic curve of the fan; S43, calculating the required speed of the fan based on the excess electric energy and the reference power; S44, using the FCU controller to adjust the fan speed based on the calculated speed to ensure that the fan just consumes the excess electric energy.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0017] 1. Efficient energy management: The cooling fan module consumes excess energy, avoiding energy waste of the fuel cell stack at idle speed. The DCDC converter converts excess energy into 24V low-voltage energy to drive the fan, thereby effectively consuming the excess energy. This method not only improves the energy utilization efficiency of the system, but also avoids damage to the stack due to excessive power generation.

[0018] 2. Optimize temperature control: The thermostat precisely controls the coolant flow to ensure that the fuel cell stack operates within the optimal temperature range. The temperature control system can automatically adjust the coolant flow according to the temperature change of the coolant to ensure that the fuel cell system is always within the appropriate operating temperature range, thereby improving the stability and efficiency of the system.

[0019] 3. System protection: In the idle state, by controlling the high-voltage output end of the DCDC converter to make its power output zero, the system is ensured not to provide power to the external load, thus avoiding excessive power generation of the fuel cell stack under no-load conditions. This method effectively protects the components of the system and extends the service life of the system.

[0020] 4. Simplified structure and high control efficiency: With a simple control structure, the combination of DCDC converter and fan realizes efficient management of excess power. At the same time, the use of thermostat makes temperature control more precise, thereby improving the overall control efficiency of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a work flow chart of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is the corresponding diagram of fan speed and power;

[0024] Figure 4 This is the thermostat temperature control flow chart.

[0025] Figure numerals: 1. fuel cell stack; 2. hydrogen supply unit; 3. air supply unit; 4. DCDC converter; 5. coolant out-of-stack temperature sensor; 6. coolant in-stack temperature sensor; 7. electric three-way valve; 8. cooling fan module; 9. FCU controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Embodiment 1

[0027] like Figure 1As shown, a hydrogen fuel cell system device proposed by the present invention includes a fuel cell stack 1, a DCDC converter 4 electrically connected to the fuel cell stack 1, a cooling fan module 8 electrically connected to the fuel cell stack 1, and a FCU controller 9;

[0028] A hydrogen supply unit 2 and an air supply unit 3 are provided on the fuel cell stack 1; a high-voltage output positive electrode and a high-voltage output negative electrode are provided on the DCDC converter 4 to provide electrical energy to an external load, and a 24V output interface is provided on the DCDC converter 4, and the 24V output interface is electrically connected to the cooling fan module 8 to supply power to the cooling fan module 8; the FCU controller 9 is controlled and connected to the DCDC converter 4 and the cooling fan module 8.

[0029] Embodiment 2

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, a hydrogen fuel cell system device proposed by the present invention, compared with the first embodiment, this embodiment introduces a temperature control structure.

[0031] Specifically, it includes: a coolant circulation mechanism and an electric three-way valve 7, the electric three-way valve 7 is connected to the coolant circulation mechanism, the three-way of the electric three-way valve 7 is respectively connected to the cooling water outlet, cooling water inlet and heat dissipation pipeline of the cooling fan module 8 of the fuel cell stack 1, a coolant outflow temperature sensor 5 is arranged between the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 and the electric three-way valve 7, and a coolant inflow temperature sensor 6 is arranged between the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack 1 and the electric three-way valve 7; a thermostat is arranged in the coolant circulation mechanism, the thermostat and the coolant outflow temperature sensor 5 and the coolant inflow temperature sensor 6 are all connected for data transmission, the thermostat and the electric three-way valve 7 are control-connected, and the thermostat controls the flow of the electric three-way valve 7 in each direction according to the detection data of the coolant outflow temperature sensor 5 and the coolant inflow temperature sensor 6.

[0032] When the temperature detected by the coolant outlet temperature sensor 5 is higher than the set value, the thermostat controls the electric three-way valve 7 to increase the opening, thereby increasing the coolant flow flowing through the fuel cell stack 1, and at the same time increasing the coolant flow through the cooling fan module 8, so that the cooling fan module 8 takes away more heat, and reduces the inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack 1. When the temperature detected by the coolant outlet temperature sensor 5 is lower than the set value, the thermostat controls the electric three-way valve 7 to reduce the opening, thereby reducing the coolant flow flowing through the fuel cell stack 1, and at the same time reducing the coolant flow through the cooling fan module 8, reducing the heat taken away by the cooling fan module 8, and increasing the inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0033] Embodiment 3

[0034] like Figure 2As shown, the idle zero power control method based on the above-mentioned hydrogen fuel cell system embodiment includes the following steps:

[0035] S1, system initialization, FCU controller 9 starts, ready to control the entire system, DCDC converter 4 starts, ensures that DCDC converter 4 is ready to convert high-voltage electric energy into low-voltage electric energy; water pump starts, ensures normal circulation of coolant; cooling fan module 8 starts, ready to consume excess electric energy; thermostat starts, ready to control the flow of coolant;

[0036] S2, controlling the supply of hydrogen and air, the hydrogen supply unit 2 provides hydrogen, and the air supply unit 3 provides air;

[0037] S3, the fuel cell system enters idle mode and generates a small amount of electricity;

[0038] S4, DCDC converter 4 detects the voltage and current output by fuel cell stack 1: monitors the output voltage and current of fuel cell stack 1 in real time, and calculates the current power output; FCU controller 9 calculates the excess electric energy at idle speed: uses 24V low-voltage electric energy to drive cooling fan module 8, so that cooling fan module 8 rotates to consume excess electric energy, thereby controlling the high-voltage output power of DCDC converter 4 to zero.

[0039] Embodiment 4

[0040] like Figure 3-Figure 4 As shown, a hydrogen fuel cell system device and an idle zero power control method proposed in the present invention, compared with the third embodiment, this embodiment introduces in detail how to determine and control the fan speed of the cooling fan module 8.

[0041] According to the characteristic curve of the fan, the relationship between the power and the speed of the fan can be expressed as follows: the power of the fan is proportional to the cube of the speed; this means that when the fan speed increases, its power consumption will increase significantly. Determining the fan speed in the cooling fan module 8 includes the following steps: S41, calculating the excess power generated by the DCDC converter 4 at idle speed; S42, obtaining the reference power and the reference speed from the specifications or characteristic curve of the fan; S43, calculating the required speed of the fan based on the excess power and the reference power; S44, using the FCU controller 9 to adjust the fan speed based on the calculated speed to ensure that the fan just consumes the excess power.

[0042] In summary, in the present invention, efficient management of excess electric energy is achieved through the combination of the DCDC converter 4 and the cooling fan module 8. At the same time, the use of the thermostat makes the temperature control more accurate, thereby improving the overall control efficiency of the system.

[0043] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of technicians in the relevant technical field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell system device, characterized in that: It comprises a fuel cell stack (1), a DCDC converter (4) electrically connected to the fuel cell stack (1), a cooling fan module (8) electrically connected to the fuel cell stack (1), and an FCU controller (9); A hydrogen supply unit (2) and an air supply unit (3) are arranged on the fuel cell stack (1); a high-voltage output positive electrode and a high-voltage output negative electrode are arranged on the DCDC converter (4) to provide electric energy to an external load; a 24V output interface is arranged on the DCDC converter (4); the 24V output interface is electrically connected to a cooling fan module (8) to supply power to the cooling fan module (8); and an FCU controller (9) is controlled and connected to the DCDC converter (4) and the cooling fan module (8).

2. The hydrogen fuel cell system device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a coolant circulation mechanism and an electric three-way valve (7), wherein the electric three-way valve (7) is connected to the coolant circulation mechanism, the three-way of the electric three-way valve (7) is respectively connected to the cooling water outlet and cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack (1) and the heat dissipation pipeline of the heat dissipation fan module (8), a coolant outflow temperature sensor (5) is arranged between the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack (1) and the electric three-way valve (7), and a coolant inflow temperature sensor (6) is arranged between the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack (1) and the electric three-way valve (7); a thermostat is arranged in the coolant circulation mechanism, the thermostat and the coolant outflow temperature sensor (5) and the coolant inflow temperature sensor (6) are all data transmission connected, and the thermostat and the electric three-way valve (7) are control connected.

3. The hydrogen fuel cell system device according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the temperature detected by the coolant outlet temperature sensor (5) is higher than a set value, the thermostat controls the electric three-way valve (7) to increase its opening, thereby increasing the coolant flow rate flowing through the fuel cell stack (1) and simultaneously increasing the coolant flow rate passing through the cooling fan module (8), so that the cooling fan module (8) takes away more heat and reduces the inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack (1).

4. The hydrogen fuel cell system device according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the temperature detected by the coolant outlet temperature sensor (5) is lower than a set value, the thermostat controls the electric three-way valve (7) to reduce the opening, thereby reducing the coolant flow flowing through the fuel cell stack (1), and at the same time reducing the coolant flow passing through the cooling fan module (8), thereby reducing the heat removed by the cooling fan module (8) and increasing the inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack (1).

5. An idle zero power control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, system initialization, FCU controller (9) starts, ready to control the entire system, DCDC converter (4) starts, water pump starts, cooling fan module (8) starts; thermostat starts; S2, controlling the supply of hydrogen and air, wherein the hydrogen supply unit (2) provides hydrogen and the air supply unit (3) provides air; S3, the fuel cell system enters idle mode and generates a small amount of electricity; S4, the DCDC converter (4) detects the voltage and current output by the fuel cell stack (1): monitors the output voltage and current of the fuel cell stack (1) in real time, and calculates the current power output; The FCU controller (9) calculates the excess electric energy at idle speed: it uses 24V low-voltage electric energy to drive the cooling fan module (8), so that the cooling fan module (8) rotates to consume the excess electric energy.

6. The idle zero power control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S4, the relationship between the power and the rotation speed of the fan can be expressed as follows: the power of the fan is proportional to the cube of the rotation speed.

7. The idle zero power control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Determining the fan speed in the cooling fan module (8) comprises the following steps: S41, calculating the excess electric energy generated by the DCDC converter (4) at idle speed; S42, obtaining a reference power and a reference speed from the specifications or characteristic curve of the fan; S43, calculating the required speed of the fan based on the excess electric energy and the reference power; S44, using the FCU controller (9) to adjust the speed of the fan based on the calculated speed to ensure that the fan just consumes the excess electric energy.

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