Aquilaria agallocha drilling and agilawood producing method

Abstract

The invention discloses an agilawood drilling and producing method. The method comprises the following operation steps: S1, selecting an agilawood tree: selecting an agilawood tree which is straight, free of damage and pest and disease damage, more than or equal to five years old and more than 5cm in diameter at breast height; s2, drilling: drilling a row of holes which are vertically arranged at intervals of 4-16 cm in the trunk from bottom to top to the crown; s3, after drilling is completed, all branches below the tree crown are cut off, and the tree is obtained. The method follows the natural growth rule of the agilawood tree, does not cause large-scale damage to the tree body, has the advantages of rapidness and simplicity, and is low in labor demand and low in cost; when the method is adopted to produce agilawood, the content of agilawood essential oil can reach 40.74%, the agilawood quality is good, the agilawood production quality is close to natural quality, and market requirements are met; according to the method, the agilawood producing time is shortened, agilawood can be produced after treatment is conducted for 6 months, the agilawood producing area is large along with time prolonging, the agilawood quality is better, and the relative content of chromone and sesquiterpene in agilawood oil is greatly increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of biological agriculture, and in particular relates to a method for drilling holes in agarwood. Background Art

[0002] Agarwood is a valuable non-wood product. It is a resin produced by the Aquilaria sinensis tree, which belongs to the Thymelaeaceae family. Agarwood has a very long history of use and is of great value in perfume, incense, medicine, and religion. Traditional induction techniques in ancient China were mainly physical methods, such as drilling with a chisel and chopping with an axe. In recent years, some new methods have emerged, such as injecting chemicals or microorganisms into the stems of healthy Aquilaria sinensis trees to stimulate the formation of agarwood. Studies have shown that the agarwood formed by inducing white aquilaria sinensis using these new methods is of comparable quality to wild agarwood. However, the quality of this agarwood formation technology is unstable, the operation is cumbersome, the advantages of aquilaria sinensis trees are not fully utilized, and resources are wasted. In the process of popularization and application of artificial induction technology, the agarwood germplasm of agarwood in China was discovered through the selection of white aquilaria sinensis. It has the characteristics of fast agarwood formation speed, high yield, and good quality. In practice, the agarwood formed by inducing agarwood germplasm is of higher quality than ordinary agarwood. Therefore, cultivating and properly utilizing agarwood germplasm resources will increase the yield and quality of agarwood on the market.

[0003] The various artificial agarwood formation methods currently adopted are difficult to obtain high-quality agarwood comparable to wild agarwood. And there are the following technical problems: a) The drilling depth is too shallow, only 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the trunk diameter, resulting in insufficient damage to the tree, small amount of agarwood, and long production cycle; b) The drilling distance problem is not taken into account. If it is too sparse, the amount of agarwood will be small, which will destroy the integrity of the agarwood block and waste agarwood resources; if the distance is too dense, the agarwood tree will easily fall or die, the quality of agarwood cannot be guaranteed, the manpower consumption is large, and it cannot form large agarwood blocks, which cannot meet market demand; c) The cost is high, the operation is troublesome, and the manpower is consumed. The agarwood formation cycle of wild agarwood is very long, but the quantity is very small, which is difficult to meet market demand. Wild agarwood is closely related to the natural environment such as the climate, latitude, terrain, soil and microbial ecology in the surrounding environment where the tree grows. Therefore, in order to understand the applicable method of agarwood formation of agarwood, drilling holes at different distances is used for testing to clarify its agarwood formation and provide guidance for production. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for drilling and forming agarwood from agarwood, in order to obtain a drilling distance with low cost, high agarwood formation rate and good quality, realize large-scale production of agarwood, and provide a scientific basis for the protection and utilization of agarwood resources.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for drilling holes in agarwood, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1 Selection of Aquilaria trees: Select a 5-year-old aquilaria tree with a straight, undamaged, disease-free, and insect-free trunk and a breast diameter of >5 cm;

[0008] S2 drilling: Drill a row of holes vertically spaced 4-16 cm apart on the trunk 20 cm above the ground from bottom to top until the crown. The depth of the holes is about 3 / 4 of the trunk diameter.

[0009] After S3 drilling is completed, cut off all branches under the crown of the tree. This is conducive to the growth of agarwood and can also prevent the tree from being blown down by the wind.

[0010] Preferably, the diameter of the hole in S2 is 8 mm.

[0011] Preferably, a row of vertically arranged holes with a spacing of 8 cm is drilled in S2.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] The method of the invention follows the natural growth law of the agarwood tree, does not cause large-scale damage to the tree body, has the advantages of being fast and simple, and has a small labor demand, thereby reducing costs. The method of the invention is used to produce agarwood, and the agarwood essential oil can be as high as 40.74%, the agarwood quality is good, the agarwood quality is close to the natural quality, and the market demand is met. The invention shortens the agarwood production time, and the agarwood can be produced after six months of treatment. As the time is prolonged, the agarwood production area is larger, and the agarwood quality is better, that is, the relative contents of chromones and sesquiterpenes in the agarwood oil are greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of drilling according to the method of the present invention; wherein, 1 is the tree trunk, and 2 is the hole.

[0015] Figure 2 It is the range of the cross-section of the agarwood after drilling; A is the cross-section and B is the longitudinal section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The specific implementation is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation. The raw materials and reagents used in the examples are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0017] Example 1

[0018] A method for drilling holes to form agarwood, the operation steps are as follows:

[0019] S1 Selection of Aquilaria trees: Select a 5-year-old aquilaria tree with a straight, undamaged, disease-free, and insect-free trunk and a breast diameter of >5 cm;

[0020] S2 drilling: In December 2022, in Nalou Town, Guangxi, a five-year-old agarwood tree with a breast diameter of about 5 cm and good growth condition was selected. On a sunny day with sufficient sunlight, a row of vertically arranged holes with a spacing of 4 cm were drilled from bottom to top until the crown of the tree with a diameter of 8 mm. The hole diameter was 8 mm and the hole depth was about 3 / 4 of the trunk diameter. Figure 1 As shown;

[0021] After S3 drilling is completed, all branches under the crown are cut off, which is conducive to the formation of agarwood and can also prevent the tree from being blown down by the wind. After the drilling treatment, the tree activates defense-related signal molecules and produces defensive secondary metabolites with antibacterial activity (sesquiterpenes and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone compounds). These substances are combined with other cell components to form duct fillers, i.e., invadosomes, which block the ducts of the secondary xylem, thereby resisting further damage to the agarwood tree from the outside world. Over time, the infected area around the wound will turn dark brown or black, forming agarwood. There will be agarwood one month after drilling, but it is relatively small. There will be a lot of agarwood at 6 months, and it can be initially collected at 12 months. That is, the agarwood will be completed in December 2023 and the collection will be carried out.

[0022] Example 2

[0023] A method for drilling holes to form agarwood, the operation steps are as follows:

[0024] S2 drilling: ... use a drill bit with a diameter of 8 mm to drill a row of holes vertically arranged with a spacing of 8 cm from bottom to top until the crown of the tree at 20 cm above the ground ...;

[0025] The remaining operations and steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0026] There will be a lot of incense at 6 months, and the incense can be collected at 12 months. That is, in December 2023, the incense will be completed and the incense can be collected.

[0027] Example 3

[0028] A method for drilling holes to form agarwood, the operation steps are as follows:

[0029] S2 drilling: ... use a drill bit with a diameter of 8 mm to drill a row of holes vertically arranged with a spacing of 16 cm from the bottom to the top of the tree crown at a height of 20 cm from the ground ...;

[0030] The remaining operations and steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0031] There will be a lot of incense at 6 months, and the incense can be collected at 12 months. That is, in December 2023, the incense will be completed and the incense can be collected.

[0032] Comparative Example 1

[0033] S2 drilling: Use a 6mm diameter drill bit to drill a row of vertical holes with a spacing of 8cm from the bottom to the top of the tree crown at 20cm above the ground. The hole diameter is 6mm.

[0034] The remaining operations and steps are the same as those in Example 2. In December 2023, the incense is formed and the incense is collected.

[0035] Comparative Example 2

[0036] S2 drilling: Drill a row of holes with a diameter of 10 mm on the trunk 20 cm above the ground from bottom to top until the crown, with a spacing of 8 cm and a hole diameter of 10 mm;

[0037] The remaining operations and steps are the same as those in Example 2. In December 2023, the incense is formed and the incense is collected.

[0038] Comparative Example 3

[0039] After the drilling is completed in step S3, no pruning of branches is performed. The remaining operations and steps are the same as those in embodiment 2.

[0040] In December 2023, the agarwood was very rare and could not be harvested. It is speculated that the branches were not pruned, and the branches may consume too much nutrients, resulting in insufficient nutrient supply to other parts of the tree. The weak tree could not effectively respond to external stimuli such as drilling, thus reducing the production of agarwood.

[0041] Test and detection:

[0042] The agarwood of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested for the content of agarwood ethanol extract, the content of sesquiterpenes and chromones in agarwood volatile oil, and the relative content of agarwood tetraols according to the agarwood standard of the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, and each sample was repeated three times. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Determination of essential oil content: accurately weigh 0.2g of agarwood sample and control sample, add 30mL of ether, extract by ultrasonic in low-temperature water bath for 30min, filter, repeat several times until the ether extraction is colorless, pour the combined filtrate into a beaker, wait for natural evaporation, put it in a dryer for 24h, weigh it, and the ether extract yield (X) is according to the formula:

[0044]

[0045] m1: mass of ethanol extract and evaporating dish, g; m2: mass of evaporating dish, g; m s : mass of the sample, g; W: water content in the sample.

[0046] Table 1 Quality test of agarwood obtained from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] As can be seen from Table 1, after 6 to 12 months of treatment by the method of the present invention, the alcohol-soluble extract content (ethanol extract content) of the agarwood of Examples 1 to 3 is 35.22 to 46.69%, and the alcohol-soluble extract content of the agarwood of Comparative Examples 1-2 is 33.45 to 44.79%, which all meet the standards of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for medicinal agarwood, that is, the extract content is generally more than 10%. The agarwood ethanol extracts induced by these methods all greatly exceed 10%, indicating that the agarwood induced by the present invention after 6 months of treatment can be used commercially and medically. However, the quality of the agarwood obtained by the present invention is better than that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (ethanol extract content, essential oil content, bebantie and chromone). Through the drilling method of this embodiment, it is expected that the agarwood rate and quality of agarwood can be significantly improved, and the agarwood oil extract can reach an effect of up to 46.69%. The method of the present invention significantly increases the content of agarwood oil and sesquiterpenes, chromones and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone in agarwood oil. The method of the invention follows the natural growth law of the agarwood tree, reduces damage to the tree body, has the advantages of being fast and simple, and has a small labor requirement, thereby reducing production costs.

[0050] Determination of the range of agarwood: Take a semicircular disk with a thickness of 1 cm from the 2 cm above the punch hole of the sampled agarwood wood to obtain a cross-section, measure the discoloration length (ef) and width (hi) of the agarwood, and obtain the discoloration width ratio of the transverse section, that is, ef / hi×100%, such as Figure 2 As shown in A; the wood of the knotwood is cut longitudinally, and the length of discoloration above the drilling hole (ab+cd) is measured with a vernier caliper to obtain the proportion of discoloration width in the longitudinal section, that is, (ab+cd) / drilling spacing×100%, as shown in Figure 2 As shown in B.

[0051] Table 2 The fragrance range of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0052]

[0053] The proportion of horizontal and vertical color change lengths changed under different treatments. The experiment showed that drilling treatment can greatly increase the yield of agarwood. As time goes by, it is easier to obtain large pieces of agarwood with each treatment. This provides practical guidance for agarwood production and can also stimulate the agarwood trading market to a certain extent.

[0054] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of illustration and demonstration. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is clear that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the present invention and various different selections and changes. The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for drilling holes to form agarwood, characterized in that: The following steps are included: S1 Selection of Aquilaria trees: Select a 5-year-old aquilaria tree with a straight, undamaged, disease-free, and insect-free trunk and a breast diameter of >5 cm; S2 drilling: Drill a row of holes vertically arranged with a spacing of 4-16 cm from the bottom to the top of the tree trunk until the crown; After S3 drilling is completed, cut off all the branches under the crown.

2. The method for drilling holes to form agarwood according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the hole in S2 is 8 mm.

3. The method for drilling holes to form agarwood according to claim 1, characterized in that: A row of holes arranged vertically with a spacing of 8 cm was drilled in S2.

4. The method for drilling holes to form agarwood according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, a row of vertically arranged holes with a spacing of 4-16 cm was drilled from the bottom to the top of the tree crown at 20 cm above the ground, and the depth of the holes was 3 / 4 of the trunk diameter.

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