Improved agrochemical adjuvants

Abstract

The present invention provides an adjuvant composition for use with an agrochemical solution; more specifically, adjuvant compositions can be used to prepare agrochemical formulations in the field for controlling weeds, pests and plant pathogens that adversely affect crop production. The adjuvants improve the coverage of target leaves and the exposure of target weeds, pests or plant pathogens to the active ingredients of the formulation without the need to increase the amount of active ingredients applied while reducing spray drift and off-target application.

Description

[0001] Citation of Related Applications

[0002] This application is a divisional application of application number 201680061189.2, filed on September 16, 2016, entitled "Improved Agrochemical Adjuvant". This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 219,574 filed on September 16, 2015, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to the field of crop protection; more specifically, to adjuvants that can be used to prepare agrochemical formulations for use in the field to control weeds, pests and plant pathogens that adversely affect crop production. The adjuvant improves the coverage of target leaves and the exposure of target weeds, pests or plant pathogens to the active ingredients of the formulation without increasing the amount of active ingredient applied, while reducing spray drift and off-target application. Background Art

[0004] Because active ingredients have low solubility and volatility in water alone, the market for agricultural chemical adjuvants has developed, and they are the main diluents used by farmers and others to prepare spray formulations approved for use in fields. Once the water containing active ingredients such as herbicides evaporates from the leaves when applied, the active ingredients can no longer be taken into the leaf stomata and migrate to the roots of the plants, which is necessary for many active ingredients to play a role. Therefore, adjuvants are needed to bind water and contact it with the target, thereby resisting evaporation and flushing. However, many commonly used adjuvants are toxic and are biodegradable in the natural environment. For example, some adjuvants are contained in latex or silicone that is not easily biodegradable in the environment, or have highly toxic chemicals such as nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to aquatic organisms. Therefore, there is a need in the art to maintain an equally effective more friendly environmental adjuvant in terms of improving the activity of agricultural chemicals.

[0005] In addition, one of the problems associated with spray application is "spray drift", which occurs when the mist or droplets of the spray do not reach the desired target. Spray drift is the physical movement of spray droplets (and their dried residues) from the spray applicator nozzle to any off-target position through the air during or shortly after spray application. Off-target materials are usually ineffective waste, which involves the above-mentioned environmental problems and constitutes an economic loss. Therefore, there is also a need in the art for an environmentally friendly adjuvant that can effectively reduce or eliminate the effects of undesirable spray drift. Summary of the invention

[0006] In one aspect, embodiments as described herein relate to the gum-based adjuvant composition used in combination with agricultural chemicals to improve the effectiveness of the agricultural chemicals.This gum-based adjuvant composition comprises one or more gums, preferably two or more gums, and its combination shows the significantly different characteristics from any independent gum.One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, according to respective properties and grades, two or more gums can be blended to realize required function with many different ratios when preparing gum-based adjuvant composition.In some exemplary embodiments, gum can exist in equal amounts, and one or more compositions can dominate in other cases. The gums may include gum arabic, modified gum arabic (MGA, gum arabic esterified with octenyl succinic acid (OSA)), guar gum, cellulosics (e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), ethyl cellulose (EC), and methyl cellulose (MC)), xanthan gum, konjac, carrageenan (including lambda, kappa, and iota carrageenan), and alginates (e.g., sodium alginate, ammonium alginate, calcium alginate, propylene glycol alginate (PGA)). The adjuvant composition may also optionally include additional components selected from the group consisting of polyols, migration aids, emulsifiers, and surfactants. Exemplary polyols include sugar alcohols such as, but not limited to, glycerol. Exemplary migration aids include, but are not limited to, short chain linoleic acid molecules such as those derived from hydrolyzed linseed or linseed oil. Exemplary emulsifiers include, but are not limited to, starch or gum arabic treated or untreated with OSA. Exemplary surfactants include, but are not limited to, natural surfactants such as quince bark extracts, oilseed derived surfactants, or alkyl polyglycosides.

[0007] In another aspect, embodiments described herein relate to gum-based adjuvant compositions for use in combination with an agrochemical to improve the effectiveness of the agrochemical, the gum-based adjuvant composition being prepared using a method comprising the steps of adding one or more gums to an aqueous solvent at room temperature with stirring, and then optionally adding one or more polyols to the aqueous solvent at room temperature with stirring.

[0008] In another aspect, the embodiments described herein relate to an agricultural chemical composition comprising a gum-based adjuvant as described herein diluted with an effective amount of one or more agricultural chemicals in an aqueous solvent. The agricultural chemical can be a herbicide, a fungicide, an insecticide, a plant growth regulator, a bactericide or a miticide. In an exemplary embodiment, the agricultural chemical consists essentially of one or more herbicides. In an exemplary embodiment, the herbicide is an aromatic acid herbicide, such as dicamba. In another exemplary embodiment, the herbicide is a benzoylcyclohexanedione herbicide, such as mesotrione. In another exemplary embodiment, the herbicide is an organophosphorus herbicide, such as glyphosate. In another exemplary embodiment, the agricultural chemical consists essentially of one or more fungicides. In another exemplary embodiment, the agricultural chemical consists essentially of one or more insecticides. In another exemplary embodiment, the agricultural chemical consists essentially of one or more plant growth regulators. In another exemplary embodiment, the agricultural chemical consists essentially of one or more bactericides. In another exemplary embodiment, the agricultural chemical consists essentially of one or more acaricides.

[0009] In another aspect, embodiments disclosed herein relate to methods for improving the effectiveness of an agrochemical spray solution by diluting a gum-based adjuvant disclosed herein with an effective amount of one or more agrochemicals in an aqueous solvent and applying the resulting agrochemical solution to a target plant or crop location before or after emergence of the plant or crop. Improving the effectiveness of the agrochemical includes improving deposition and attachment on leaves of target plants, increasing resistance to evaporation and washoff, improving migration of the agrochemical from leaves to roots, or reducing off-target spray drift.

[0010] In another aspect, embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method of increasing the average diameter of droplets in an agrochemical spray, comprising diluting a gum-based adjuvant composition disclosed herein in an aqueous solvent with an effective amount of one or more agrochemicals, and applying the resulting agrochemical solution to a target plant or crop using a spray application. In certain exemplary embodiments, the average droplet size of the droplets in the agrochemical spray is between 10 and 1,000 microns.

[0011] In another aspect, embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method of reducing agrochemical spray drift when applying the agrochemical solution to a target plant or crop location, comprising spraying an agrochemical solution comprising a gum-based adjuvant composition disclosed herein diluted in an aqueous solvent together with an effective amount of one or more agrochemicals.

[0012] These and other aspects, objects, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of the illustrated exemplary embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 is a bar graph showing the effects of metolachlor and an exemplary adjuvant formulation or a commercially available adjuvant Agrochemical residues remaining on leaves after spray application of the combined composition of . The agrochemical / adjuvant composition was sprayed on Spathiphyllum or Hydrangea until runoff and allowed to dry for six hours, *Metolachlor @ 0.83% was sprayed on Spathiphyllum leaves until runoff, allowed to dry for 6 hours and analyzed using gas chromatography.

[0014] Figure 2 is a bar graph showing the difference between N100 and Mesotrione residues remaining on Spathiphyllum after formulations containing various concentrations of exemplary adjuvants were sprayed until runoff and allowed to dry for six hours, compared to formulations of *Mesotrione @ 0.83% mixed with adjuvant, sprayed on Spathiphyllum leaves until runoff, allowed to dry for 6 hours, and residues analyzed by HPLC.

[0015] Figure 3 is a bar graph showing the N100 and Dicamba residue remaining on Spathiphyllum after formulations containing various concentrations of exemplary adjuvant formulations were sprayed on Spathiphyllum until runoff and allowed to dry for six hours, compared to formulations of * Dicamba @ 0.83% mixed with adjuvant, sprayed on Spathiphyllum leaves until runoff, allowed to dry for 6 hours, and residue analyzed by HPLC.

[0016] Figure 4 is a bar graph showing the N100 and Compare the total surface area covered by 100 μL droplets containing different concentrations of an exemplary adjuvant formulation dissolved in water after being allowed to diffuse for two seconds.

[0017] Figure 5 is a line graph showing the commercial adjuvants dissolved in water at the same concentration and LI Dynamic surface tension of exemplary adjuvant formulations dissolved in water at various concentrations compared to water alone. * Droplet surface tension was measured by a SITAT60 tensiometer.

[0018] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram depicting the The difference in contact angle compared to a water drop on a flat surface, and the inverse relationship between contact angle and the ability of a drop to spread on a surface, *The spreading factor is the increase or decrease in droplet diameter compared to water, with a spreading factor of 1.72 representing a droplet diameter 72% larger than water.

[0019] Figure 7 is a bar graph showing the LI or Contact angles of two different aqueous exemplary adjuvant formulations, 0.125–0.25%, two seconds after the droplet was applied to a polyethylene surface, compared to water alone. *The droplet contact angles were calculated using a goniometer with a droplet lifetime of 2 seconds on a polyethylene surface.

[0020] Figure 8 is a bar graph showing the and LI In comparison, surface (spray card) coverage of aqueous formulations of exemplary adjuvant formulations dissolved in water at varying concentrations, where the adjuvant was mixed with water, was measured using a number of spray pressures and treatment rates.

[0021] Fig. 9 is a bar graph showing the and LI Compared to surface (spray card) coverage of aqueous formulations of exemplary adjuvant formulations dissolved in water at different concentrations, sprayed at 30 or 40 psi, at treatment rates of 10 or 20 gal / acre, where the adjuvant was mixed with water and Callisto mesotrione herbicide (0.0125%).

[0022] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram showing the size distribution of spray droplets containing two concentrations of an exemplary adjuvant formulation compared to water alone. *Spray droplet diameters were measured using a Sympatec laser diffraction particle size analyzer 6 inches from the nozzle.

[0023] Fig.11 is a schematic diagram showing the size distribution of spray droplets from solutions containing two concentrations of an exemplary adjuvant formulation compared to water alone. The data is Fig.10 Data presented are subsets excluding minimum and maximum droplet sizes, *Spray droplet diameters were measured using a Sympatec laser diffraction particle size analyzer at 6 inches from the nozzle.

[0024] Fig.12 is a bar graph that shows the LI Size distribution of droplets from solutions containing exemplary adjuvant formulations at two different spray pressures, compared to herbicide alone and water, *Adjuvant mixed with water and Callisto mesotrione herbicide (0.0125%).

[0025] Fig.13 is a bar graph showing the Washoff resistance of exemplary adjuvant compositions compared to herbicide alone.

[0026] Fig.14 is a bar graph showing the change from LI The sizes of droplets formed from 10 μl and 100 μl volumes of solutions composed of a number of exemplary adjuvant formulations.

[0027] Fig.15 is a bar graph showing the effects of dicamba on the performance of the scavenger drug in the presence of an exemplary adjuvant formulation or a commercially available adjuvant. and LI After spray application of the combined composition, dicamba residues remain on the leaves.

[0028] Fig.16 is a bar graph showing the results of the experiments with exemplary adjuvant formulations or commercially available adjuvants. and LI Percent weed control following application of an exemplary mesotrione and dicamba combination applied as a solution of .

[0029] Fig.17 is a combination of two graphs, the bar graphs show the effects of the following on the performance of the drug when compared with an exemplary adjuvant formulation or a commercially available adjuvant: and LI When applied together, dicamba residues were deposited on the spray cards and the line graph depicts the corresponding level of velvetleaf weed control for each combination.

[0030] Fig.18 ] is a rheogram showing the increase in viscosity (Pa) as shear stress is applied through a nozzle to an exemplary formulation DC12 dissolved in water at 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0%.

[0031] Fig.19 is a rheogram showing the increase in viscosity (Pa) as shear stress is applied through a nozzle to an exemplary formulation DD6 dissolved in water at 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0%.

[0032] Fig. 20] is a rheogram showing the increase in viscosity (Pa) as shear stress is applied through a nozzle to exemplary formulation DE4 dissolved in water at 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0%.

[0033] Fig.21 is a rheogram showing the increase in viscosity (Pa) as shear stress is applied through a nozzle to an exemplary 1:1 blend of xanthan gum and konjac dissolved in water at 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Overview

[0035] Embodiments disclosed herein represent adjuvants for agricultural chemical formulations, which contain active ingredients such as herbicides, pesticides, fungicides and other environmentally applied active ingredients. The adjuvant improves the effectiveness of active ingredients by improving, for example, deposition and attachment on leaves, resistance to evaporation and washing, migration of agricultural chemicals from leaves to roots, and reducing drift of aerial spray formulations to off-target crops. Another benefit of the present invention is that compared with traditional adjuvants, the biodegradation of adjuvant ingredients is enhanced and the amount of active ingredients required to cover a given acre is reduced. Both of these benefits produce positive environmental impacts by reducing the amount of biodegradable and potentially dangerous chemicals released to the environment due to measures taken by agriculture and other industries to control pests and increase crop yields.

[0036] The adjuvant is formed from the dry gel component or blend in the form of an aqueous formulation to generate a concentrate consisting of the desired percentage of each component (weight to volume ratio (w / v)). The concentrate can then be diluted in an aqueous solvent before or after the addition of an effective amount of the agrochemical active ingredient to obtain a final agrochemical application solution. Other ingredients can optionally be added to each formulation. The final application solution of the active ingredient and adjuvant can then be applied to the plant or crop target location using standard application methods such as spraying.

[0037] Adjuvant composition

[0038] As used herein, "gum" or "gums" refers to a colloidal polysaccharide substance with or without minor components such as protein or fat, which is mostly plant-based but can be produced by other organisms such as bacteria. Gums are not digestible by humans and can be considered soluble fibers when used as food ingredients, but may also contain insoluble components.

[0039] Some adjuvant compositions comprise the gum blends that demonstrate the characteristics significantly different from each kind of independent gum.Table 1 has listed some exemplary embodiments of the dry gum blends tested by the applicant and the scope of useful ratio on dry weight basis.In the context of embodiments disclosed herein, the ability of some gums and gum combinations to interact with water allows to increase or maintain the viscosity of the solution containing agricultural chemicals and optionally other components.In addition, some gums and gum combinations have the ability to change the rheological characteristics of agricultural chemicals solutions, so that larger droplets can be formed when spraying solution.Therefore, the dry gums and gum blends prepared by the applicant are added to aqueous solvents with the concentration described in the preparation of useful gum-based adjuvants throughout the application.

[0040] Table 1

[0041]

[0042] In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry glue blend is substantially composed of or composed of xanthan gum and konjac, respectively, in a ratio of 1:6, 1:3, 1:2, 2:3, 5:6, 1:1, 6:5, 3:2, 2:1, 3:1 or 6:1. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry glue blend is substantially composed of or composed of carrageenan and MC, respectively, in a ratio of 1:4, 1:2, 3:4, 1:1, 4:3, 2:1 or 4:1. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry glue blend is substantially composed of or composed of MC and sodium alginate, respectively, in a ratio of 1:4, 1:2, 3:4, 1:1, 4:3, 2:1 or 4:1. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry glue blend is substantially composed of or composed of CMC and MC, respectively, in a ratio of 1:6, 1:3, 1:2, 2:3, 5:6, 1:1, 6:5, 3:2, 2:1, 3:1 or 6:1. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry glue blend is substantially composed of or composed of MC and konjac respectively with 1:4, 1:2, 3:4, 1:1, 4:3, 2:1 or 4:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry glue blend is substantially composed of or composed of MC and guar gum respectively with 1:6, 1:3, 1:2, 2:3, 5:6, 1:1, 6:5, 3:2, 2:1, 3:1, 6:1, 5:4, 5:3, 5:2, 5:1, 4:3 or 4:1 ratio. In an exemplary embodiment, the dry glue blend is substantially composed of or composed of MC and xanthan gum respectively with 1:4, 1:2, 3:4, 1:1, 4:3, 2:1 or 4:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry glue blend is substantially composed of or composed of MC and pectin respectively with 1:2, 1:1 or 2:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry glue blend is substantially composed of or is composed of carrageenan and HPMC in a ratio of 1:4, 1:2, 3:4, 1:1, 4:3, 2:1 or 4:1, respectively. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry glue blend is substantially composed of or is composed of HPMC and sodium alginate in a ratio of 1:4, 1:2, 3:4, 1:1, 4:3, 2:1 or 4:1, respectively. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry glue blend is substantially composed of or is composed of CMC and HPMC in a ratio of 1:6, 1:3, 1:2, 2:3, 5:6, 1:1, 6:5, 3:2 or 2:1, respectively. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry glue blend is substantially composed of or is composed of HPMC and konjac in a ratio of 1:4, 1:2, 3:4, 1:1, 4:3, 2:1 or 4:1, respectively. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry gum blend consists essentially of or consists of HPMC and guar gum in a ratio of 1:6, 1:3, 1:2, 2:3, 5:6, 1:1, 6:5, 3:2, 2:1, 3:1, 6:1, 5:4, 5:3, 5:2, 5:1, 4:3, or 4:1, respectively.In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry gum blend consists essentially of or consists of HPMC and xanthan gum in a ratio of 1:4, 1:2, 3:4, 1:1, 4:3, 2:1 or 4:1, respectively. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry gum blend consists essentially of or consists of HPMC and pectin in a ratio of 1:8, 1:4, 3:8, 1:2, 5:8, 3:4, 7:8, 1:1, 8:7, 4:3, 8:5, 2:1, 8:3, 4:1 or 8:1, respectively. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry gum blend consists essentially of or consists of carrageenan and PGA in a ratio of 1:3, 2:3, 1:1, 3:2, 3:1, 4:3, 2:1 or 4:1, respectively. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry glue blend is essentially composed of or consists of CMC and PGA in a ratio of 1:8, 1:4, 3:8, 1:2, 5:8, 3:4, 7:8, 1:1, 8:7, 4:3, 8:5, 2:1, 8:3, 4:1 or 8:1, respectively. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry glue blend is essentially composed of or consists of PGA and konjac in a ratio of 1:4, 1:2, 3:4, 1:1, 4:3, 2:1 or 4:1, respectively. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry glue blend is essentially composed of or consists of PGA and guar gum in a ratio of 1:6, 1:3, 1:2, 2:3, 5:6, 1:1, 6:5, 3:2, 2:1, 3:1, 6:1, 5:4, 5:3, 5:2, 5:1, 4:3 or 4:1, respectively. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry gum blend consists essentially of or consists of PGA and xanthan gum in a ratio of 1:4, 1:2, 3:4, 1:1, 4:3, 2:1, or 4:1, respectively. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry gum blend consists essentially of or consists of PGA and pectin in a ratio of 1:8, 1:4, 3:8, 1:2, 5:8, 3:4, 7:8, 1:1, 8:7, 4:3, 8:5, 2:1, 8:3, 4:1, or 8:1, respectively. In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry gum blend consists essentially of or consists of gum arabic and xanthan gum in a ratio of 3:2, 3:1, 1:1, 4:3, 2:1, 4:1, 5:4, 5:3, 5:2, 5:1, 6:5, 3:1, 6:1, 7:6, 7:5, 7:4, 7:3, 7:2, 7:1, 8:7, 8:5, 8:3, 8:1, 9:8, 9:7, 9:5, 9:4, 9:2, 9:1, 10:9, 10:8, 10:3, 10:1, 11:10, 11:9, 11:8, 11:7, 11:6, 11:5, 11:4, 11:3, 11:2, 11:1, 12:11, 12:7, 12:5, or 12:1, respectively.In certain exemplary embodiments, the dry gum blend consists essentially of or consists of MGA and xanthan gum in a ratio of 3:2, 3:1, 1:1, 4:3, 2:1, 4:1, 5:4, 5:3, 5:2, 5:1, 6:5, 3:1, 6:1, 7:6, 7:5, 7:4, 7:3, 7:2, 7:1, 8:7, 8:5, 8:3, 8:1, 9:8, 9:7, 9:5, 9:4, 9:2, 9:1, 10:9, 10:8, 10:3, 10:1, 11:10, 11:9, 11:8, 11:7, 11:6, 11:5, 11:4, 11:3, 11:2, 11:1, 12:11, 12:7, 12:5, or 12:1, respectively.

[0043] In certain exemplary embodiments, gum can include gum arabic, MGA, guar gum, cellulose products, xanthan gum, konjac, carrageenan, alginate and pectin. All percentages of gum or gum blends in the form of aqueous solvents are given in weight / volume percentage (w / v). As used throughout this disclosure, the term "approximately" is used to represent the concentration of the exact value listed, or in some cases falls within 0.05% of the value.

[0044] Xanthan gum and konjac

[0045] In certain exemplary embodiments, the adjuvant composition comprises xanthan gum (a polysaccharide produced by the bacterium Xanthamonis campestris) and konjac (a substance derived from the dried corms of the konjac plant that primarily comprises glucomannan). Although xanthan gum and konjac are capable of independently establishing viscosity in aqueous solutions while maintaining solubility, when the same total amount of the two gums are added to the solution, the viscosity of the aqueous solution established by the combination of the two gums can be much greater than that of either gum alone. Thus, in certain exemplary embodiments, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of xanthan gum and konjac added in a 1:1 ratio.

[0046] In certain exemplary embodiments, the xanthan gum and konjac blend is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 2.5%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 0.9%, about 0.1% to about 0.8%, about 0.1% to about 0.7%, about 0.1% to about 0.6%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 0.4%, about 0.1% to about 0.3%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 1% to about 2.5%, about 1% to about 2.4%, about 1% to about 2.3%, about 1% to about 2.2%, about 1% to about 2.4%, about 1% to about 2.5%, about 1% to about 2.6%, about 1% to about 2.7%, about 1% to about 2.8%, about 1% to about 2.9%, about 2.1% to about 2. The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of about 1% to about 2.1%, about 1% to about 2.0%, about 1% to about 1.9%, about 1% to about 1.8%, about 1% to about 1.7%, about 1% to about 1.6%, about 1% to about 1.5%, about 1% to about 1.4%, about 1% to about 1.3%, about 1% to about 1.2%, about 1% to about 1.1%, about 2.0% to about 2.5%, about 2.0% to about 2.4%, or about 2.0% to about 2.3%, about 2.0% to about 2.2%, about 2.0% to about 2.1%.

[0047] Carboxymethylcellulose and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose

[0048] In certain exemplary embodiments, the adjuvant composition comprises carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), polysaccharides derived from insoluble cellulose fibers extracted from cotton linters or wood pulp, which are etherified with carboxymethyl or hydroxypropyl methyl groups to produce soluble fibers, respectively. The resulting cellulose ethers provide unique rheological characteristics in aqueous solution, including different levels of viscosity formation, film-forming ability, and temperature-induced gelation in terms of HPMC. In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of CMC and HPMC. In certain exemplary embodiments, CMC and HPMC are added in a 1:1 ratio.

[0049] In certain exemplary embodiments, CMC and HPMC blends are present in an amount of about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 20%, about 7% to about 20%, about 8% to about 20%, , about 9% to about 20%, about 10% to about 20%, about 11% to about 20%, about 12% to about 20%, about 13% to about 20%, about 14% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 17% to about 20%, about 18% to about 20%, about 19% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to about 17%, about 8% to about 16%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, or about 11% to about 13% The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of about 9% to about 20%, 10% to about 20%, about 11% to about 20%, about 14% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 17% to about 20%, about 18% to about 20%, about 19% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to about 17%, about 8% to about 16%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, or about 11% to about 13%.

[0050] In certain exemplary embodiments, CMC and HPMC blends are present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 13%, about 1% to about 12%, about 1% to about 11%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 9%, about 1% to about 8%, about 1% to about 7%, about 1% to about 6%, about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 4%, about 1% to about 3%, about 1% to about 2%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 1%. The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of about 0.9%, about 0.1% to about 0.8%, about 0.1% to about 0.7%, about 0.1% to about 0.6%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 0.4%, about 0.1% to about 0.3%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 1% to about 1.5%, about 1% to about 1.4%, about 1% to about 1.3%, about 1% to about 1.2%, or about 1% to about 1.1%. In certain exemplary embodiments, the resulting adjuvant composition may further comprise gum arabic added at a concentration of about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 15%, about 7% to about 15%, about 8% to about 15%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 15%, about 11% to about 15%, about 12% to about 15%, about 13% to about 15%, or about 14% to about 15%.

[0051] Carrageenan and Propylene Glycol Alginate

[0052] In another exemplary embodiment, the gum used in the adjuvant composition is carrageenan and propylene glycol alginate (PGA). Carrageenan derived from multiple species of red seaweed is a polysaccharide with many extensive viscosities and gel-forming characteristics. PGA derived from multiple species of brown seaweed is the reaction product of propylene oxide and alginic acid.

[0053] In certain exemplary embodiments, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of carrageenan and PGA. In certain exemplary embodiments, the carrageenan and PGA are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the carrageenan and PGA blend is about 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 29%, about 5% to about 28%, about 5% to about 27%, about 5% to about 26%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 24%, about 5% to about 23%, about 5% to about 22%, about 5% to about 21%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 19 ... % to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 30%, about 7% to about 30%, about 8% to about 30%, about 9% to about 30%, 10% to about 30%, about 11% to about 30%, about 12% to about 30%, about 13% to about 30%, about 14% to about 30%, about 15% to about 30%, about 16% to about 30%, about 17% to about 30%, about 18% to about 30%, about 19% to about 30%, about 20% to about 30%, about 21% to about 30%, about 22% to about 30%, about 23% to about 30%, about 24% to about 30%, about 25% to about 30%, about 26% to about 30%, about 2 The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of 7% to about 30%, about 28% to about 30%, about 29% to about 30%, about 6% to about 29%, about 7% to about 28%, about 8% to about 27%, about 9% to about 26%, about 10% to about 25%, about 11% to about 24%, about 12% to about 23%, about 13% to about 22%, about 14% to about 21%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 19% or about 17% to about 18%.

[0054] In certain exemplary embodiments, a 1:1 blend of carrageenan and PGA is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 13%, about 1% to about 12%, about 1% to about 11%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 9%, about 1% to about 8%, about 1% to about 7%, about 1% to about 6%, about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 4%, 1% to about 3%, about 1% to about 2%, about 1% to about 1.5%, 0.1% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 1% to about 1.5%, about 1% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 1% to about 2%, about 1% to about 2.5%, about 1% to about 1.5%, about 1% to about 1%, about 1% to about 1.5%, about 1% to about 1%. The invention can be added at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 0.9%, about 0.1% to about 0.8%, about 0.1% to about 0.7%, about 0.1% to about 0.6%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 0.4%, about 0.1% to about 0.3%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 1% to about 1.5%, about 1% to about 1.4%, about 1% to about 1.3%, about 1% to about 1.2%, or about 1% to about 1.1%.

[0055] In certain exemplary embodiments, the adjuvant composition may also include gum arabic added at a concentration of about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 15%, about 7% to about 15%, about 8% to about 15%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 15%, about 11% to about 15%, about 12% to about 15%, about 13% to about 15%, or about 14% to about 15%.

[0056] Methylcellulose and pectin

[0057] In another exemplary embodiment, the gum used in the adjuvant composition is pectin and MC. Pectin extracted from citrus peel or apple pomace is a polysaccharide that provides viscosity, film-forming and gel characteristics. MC is made with the same base as CMC and HPMC, and the MC is etherified with methyl groups of cellulose to produce soluble fibers. MC has a thermal gelling feature similar to HPMC and excellent film-forming properties. Therefore, in certain exemplary embodiments, the adjuvant composition comprises pectin and MC added in a 1:1 ratio.

[0058] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of MC and pectin. In certain exemplary embodiments, MC and pectin are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the MC and pectin blend is 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 29%, about 5% to about 28%, about 5% to about 27%, about 5% to about 26%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 24%, about 5% to about 23%, about 5% to about 22%, about 5% to about 21%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 30%, about 7% to about 30%, about 8% to about 30%, about 9% to about 30%, 10% to about 30%, about 11% to about 30%, about 12% to about 30%, about 13% to about 30%, about 16% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 30%, about 7% to about 30%, about 8% to about 30%, about 9% to about 30%, % to about 30%, about 13% to about 30%, about 14% to about 30%, about 15% to about 30%, about 16% to about 30%, about 17% to about 30%, about 18% to about 30%, about 19% to about 30%, about 20% to about 30%, about 21% to about 30%, about 22% to about 30%, about 23% to about 30%, about 24% to about 30%, about 25% to about 30%, about 26% to about 30%, about 27% to about 30%, about 28% to about 30%, about 29% to about 30%, about 31% to about 31%, about 32% to about 31%, about 33% to about 31%, about 34% to about 31%, about 35% to about 35%, about 36% to about 37%, about 38% to about 39%, about 40% to about 41%, about 42% to about 43%, about 44% to about 45%, about 46% to about 47%, about 48% to about 49%, about 50% to about 51%, about 52% to about 53%, about 54% to about 55%, about 56% to about 57%, about 58% to about 59%, about 60% to about 61%, about 62% to about 63%, about 64% to about 65%, about 66% to about 67%, about 68% to about 69%, about 70% to about 71%, about 71% to about The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of % to about 30%, about 28% to about 30%, about 29% to about 30%, about 6% to about 29%, about 7% to about 28%, about 8% to about 27%, about 9% to about 26%, about 10% to about 25%, about 11% to about 24%, about 12% to about 23%, about 13% to about 22%, about 14% to about 21%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 19%, or about 17% to about 18%.

[0059] In certain exemplary embodiments, a 1:1 blend of pectin and MC is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 20%, about 1% to about 20%, about 1% to about 19%, about 1% to about 18%, about 1% to about 17%, about 1% to about 16%, about 1% to about 15%, about 1% to about 14%, about 1% to about 13%, about 1% to about 12%, about 1% to about 11%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 9%, about 1% to about 8%, about 1% to about 7%, about 1% to about 6%, about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 4%. , 1% to about 3%, about 1% to about 2%, about 1% to about 1.5%, 0.1% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 0.9%, about 0.1% to about 0.8%, about 0.1% to about 0.7%, about 0.1% to about 0.6%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 0.4%, about 0.1% to about 0.3%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 1% to about 1.5%, about 1% to about 1.4%, about 1% to about 1.3%, about 1% to about 1.2%, about 1% to about 1.1% concentration is added.

[0060] In certain exemplary embodiments, the adjuvant composition may also include gum arabic added at a concentration of about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 15%, about 7% to about 15%, about 8% to about 15%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 15%, about 11% to about 15%, about 12% to about 15%, about 13% to about 15%, or about 14% to about 15%.

[0061] Carrageenan and methylcellulose

[0062] In certain exemplary embodiments, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of carrageenan and MC. In certain exemplary embodiments, carrageenan and MC are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the carrageenan and MC blend is about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 20%, about 7% to about 20%, about 8% to about 20%, The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of about 9% to about 20%, 10% to about 20%, about 11% to about 20%, about 12% to about 20%, about 13% to about 20%, about 14% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 17% to about 20%, about 18% to about 20%, about 19% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to about 17%, about 8% to about 16%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, or about 11% to about 13%.

[0063] Methylcellulose and alginate

[0064] In another exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of MC and an alginate selected from the group consisting of sodium alginate, ammonium alginate, calcium alginate, PGA, and combinations thereof. In certain exemplary embodiments, MC and alginate are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, MC and alginate blends are from about 5% to about 20%, from about 5% to about 19%, from about 5% to about 18%, from about 5% to about 17%, from about 5% to about 16%, from about 5% to about 15%, from about 5% to about 14%, from about 5% to about 13%, from about 5% to about 12%, from about 5% to about 11%, from about 5% to about 10%, from about 5% to about 9%, from about 5% to about 8%, from about 5% to about 7%, from about 5% to about 6%, from about 6% to about 20%, from about 7% to about 20%, from about 8% to about 20%, The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of about 9% to about 20%, 10% to about 20%, about 11% to about 20%, about 12% to about 20%, about 13% to about 20%, about 14% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 17% to about 20%, about 18% to about 20%, about 19% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to about 17%, about 8% to about 16%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, or about 11% to about 13%.

[0065] Carboxymethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose

[0066] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of CMC and MC. In certain exemplary embodiments, CMC and MC are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the CMC and MC blend is about 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 29%, about 5% to about 28%, about 5% to about 27%, about 5% to about 26%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 24%, about 5% to about 23%, about 5% to about 22%, about 5% to about 21%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18 ... about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 30%, about 7% to about 30%, about 8% to about 30%, about 9% to about 30%, 10% to about 30%, about 11% to about 30%, about 1 2% to about 30%, about 13% to about 30%, about 14% to about 30%, about 15% to about 30%, about 16% to about 30%, about 17% to about 30%, about 18% to about 30%, about 19% to about 30%, about 20% to about 30%, about 21% to about 30%, about 22% to about 30%, about 23% to about 30%, about 24% to about 30%, about 25% to about 30%, about 26% to about 30%, about 27% to about 30%, about 28% to about 30%, about 29% to about 30%, about 31% to about 30%, about 32% to about 30%, about 33% to about 30%, about 34% to about 30%, about 35% to about 30%, about 36% to about 30%, about 37% to about 30%, about 38% to about 30%, about 39% to about 30%, about 40% to about 30%, about 41% to about 30%, about 42% to about 30%, about 43% to about 30%, about 44% to about 30%, about 45% to about 30%, about 46% to about 30%, about 47% to about 30%, about 48% to about 30%, about 49% to about 30%, about 50% to about 30%, about 51% to about 30%, about 52% to about 30%, about 53% to about 30%, about 54% to about 30%, about 55% to about 30%, about 56% to about 30%, about 57% to about 30%, about 58% to about 30%, about 59% to about The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of % to about 30%, about 28% to about 30%, about 29% to about 30%, about 6% to about 29%, about 7% to about 28%, about 8% to about 27%, about 9% to about 26%, about 10% to about 25%, about 11% to about 24%, about 12% to about 23%, about 13% to about 22%, about 14% to about 21%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 19%, or about 17% to about 18%.

[0067] Methylcellulose and Konjac

[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of MC and konjac. In certain exemplary embodiments, MC and konjac are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the MC and konjac blend is about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 20%, about 7% to about 20%, about 8% to about 20%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 16 ... The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of about 9% to about 20%, 10% to about 20%, about 11% to about 20%, about 12% to about 20%, about 13% to about 20%, about 14% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 17% to about 20%, about 18% to about 20%, about 19% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to about 17%, about 8% to about 16%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, or about 11% to about 13%.

[0069] Methylcellulose and guar gum

[0070] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of MC and guar gum. In certain exemplary embodiments, MC and guar gum are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the MC and guar gum blend is about 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 29%, about 5% to about 28%, about 5% to about 27%, about 5% to about 26%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 24%, about 5% to about 23%, about 5% to about 22%, about 5% to about 21%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18 ... to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 30%, about 7% to about 30%, about 8% to about 30%, about 9% to about 30%, 10% to about 30%, about 11% to about 30%, about 30% to about 30%, about ... about 12% to about 30%, about 13% to about 30%, about 14% to about 30%, about 15% to about 30%, about 16% to about 30%, about 17% to about 30%, about 18% to about 30%, 19% to about 30%, 20% to about 30%, about 21% to about 30%, about 22% to about 30%, about 23% to about 30%, about 24% to about 30%, about 25% to about 30%, about 26% to about 30%, about 27% The aqueous solvent is added to a concentration of about 30%, about 28% to about 30%, about 29% to about 30%, about 6% to about 29%, about 7% to about 28%, about 8% to about 27%, about 9% to about 26%, about 10% to about 25%, about 11% to about 24%, about 12% to about 23%, about 13% to about 22%, about 14% to about 21%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 19% or about 17% to about 18%.

[0071] Methylcellulose and Xanthan Gum

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of MC and xanthan gum. In certain exemplary embodiments, MC and xanthan gum are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the MC and xanthan gum blend is about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 20%, about 7% to about 20%, about 8% to about 20%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 16%, about 10% to about 15 ... The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of about 9% to about 20%, 10% to about 20%, about 11% to about 20%, about 12% to about 20%, about 13% to about 20%, about 14% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 17% to about 20%, about 18% to about 20%, about 19% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to about 17%, about 8% to about 16%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, or about 11% to about 13%.

[0073] Carrageenan and HPMC

[0074] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of carrageenan and HPMC. In certain exemplary embodiments, carrageenan and HPMC are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the carrageenan and HPMC blend is about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 20%, about 7% to about 20%, about 8% to about 20% , about 9% to about 20%, about 10% to about 20%, about 11% to about 20%, about 12% to about 20%, about 13% to about 20%, about 14% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 17% to about 20%, about 18% to about 20%, about 19% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to about 17%, about 8% to about 16%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, or about 11% to about 13% The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of about 9% to about 20%, 10% to about 20%, about 11% to about 20%, about 14% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 17% to about 20%, about 18% to about 20%, about 19% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to about 17%, about 8% to about 16%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, or about 11% to about 13%.

[0075] HPMC and Alginate

[0076] In another exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of HPMC and an alginate selected from the group consisting of sodium alginate, ammonium alginate, calcium alginate, and PGA. In certain exemplary embodiments, HPMC and alginate are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the HPMC and alginate blend is 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 20%, about 7% to about 20%, about 8% to about 20%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 16 ...5%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of about 9% to about 20%, 10% to about 20%, about 11% to about 20%, about 12% to about 20%, about 13% to about 20%, about 14% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 17% to about 20%, about 18% to about 20%, about 19% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to about 17%, about 8% to about 16%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, or about 11% to about 13%.

[0077] HPMC and Konjac

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of HPMC and konjac. In certain exemplary embodiments, HPMC and konjac are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the HPMC and konjac blend is 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 20%, about 7% to about 20%, about 8% to about 20%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 16 ...5%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of about 9% to about 20%, 10% to about 20%, about 11% to about 20%, about 12% to about 20%, about 13% to about 20%, about 14% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 17% to about 20%, about 18% to about 20%, about 19% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to about 17%, about 8% to about 16%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, or about 11% to about 13%.

[0079] HPMC and guar gum

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of HPMC and guar gum. In certain exemplary embodiments, HPMC and guar gum are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the HPMC and guar gum blend is about 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 29%, about 5% to about 28%, about 5% to about 27%, about 5% to about 26%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 24%, about 5% to about 23%, about 5% to about 22%, about 5% to about 21%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18 ... % to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 30%, about 7% to about 30%, about 8% to about 30%, about 9% to about 30%, 10% to about 30%, about 11% to about 30%, about 12% to about 30%, about 13% to about 30%, about 14% to about 30%, about 15% to about 30%, about 16% to about 30%, about 17% to about 30%, about 18% to about 30%, about 19% to about 30%, about 20% to about 30%, about 21% to about 30%, about 22% to about 30%, about 23% to about 30%, about 24% to about 30%, about 25% to about 30%, about 26% to about 30%, about 2 The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of 7% to about 30%, about 28% to about 30%, about 29% to about 30%, about 6% to about 29%, about 7% to about 28%, about 8% to about 27%, about 9% to about 26%, about 10% to about 25%, about 11% to about 24%, about 12% to about 23%, about 13% to about 22%, about 14% to about 21%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 19% or about 17% to about 18%.

[0081] HPMC and xanthan gum

[0082] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of HPMC and xanthan gum. In certain exemplary embodiments, HPMC and xanthan gum are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the HPMC and xanthan gum blend is about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 20%, about 7% to about 20%, about 8% to about 20% , about 9% to about 20%, about 10% to about 20%, about 11% to about 20%, about 12% to about 20%, about 13% to about 20%, about 14% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 17% to about 20%, about 18% to about 20%, about 19% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to about 17%, about 8% to about 16%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, or about 11% to about 13% The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of about 9% to about 20%, 10% to about 20%, about 11% to about 20%, about 14% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 17% to about 20%, about 18% to about 20%, about 19% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to about 17%, about 8% to about 16%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, or about 11% to about 13%.

[0083] HPMC and Pectin

[0084] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of HPMC and pectin. In certain exemplary embodiments, HPMC and pectin are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the HPMC and pectin blend is about 5% to about 40%, about 5% to about 39%, about 5% to about 38%, about 5% to about 37%, about 5% to about 36%, about 5% to about 35%, about 5% to about 34%, about 5% to about 33%, about 5% to about 32%, about 5% to about 31%, about 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 29%, about 5% to about 28%, about 5% to about 27%, about 5% to about 26%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 24%, about 5% to about 23%, about 5% to about 22%, about 5% to about 24%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 26%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 24%, about 5% to about 23%, about 5% to about 2 ... , about 5% to about 21%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 40%, about 7% to about 40%, about 8% to about 40%, about 9% to about 40%, about 10% to about 40%, about 11% to about 40%, about 12% to about 40%, about 13% to about 40%, about 14% to about 40%, about 15% to about 40%, about 16% to about 40%, about 17% to about 40%, about 18% to about 40%, about 19% to about 40%, about 20% to about 40%, about 21% to about 40%, about 22% to about 40%, about 23% to about 40%, about 24% to about 40%, about 25% to about 40%, about 26% to about 40%, about 27% to about 40%, about 28% to about 40%, about 29% to about 40%, about 30% to about 40% to about 40%, about 31% to about 40%, about 32% to about 40%, about 33% to about 40%, about 34% to about 40%, about 35% to about 40%, about 36% to about 40%, about 37% to about 40%, about 38% to about 40%, about 39% to about 40%, about 6% to about 39%, about 7% to about 38%, about 8% to about 37%, about 9% to about 36%, about 10% to about 35%, about 11% to about 34%, about 12% to about 33%, about 13% to about 32%, about 14% to about 31%, about 15% to about 30%, about 16% to about 31%, about 17% to about 32%, about 18% to about 33%, about 19% to about 34%, about 20% to about 35%, about 21% to about 25%, about 26% to about 27%, about 28% to about 29%, about 30% to about 31%, about 32% to about 33%, about 34% to about 35%, about 36% to about 37%, about 38% to about 39%, aboutThe aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of about 16% to about 29%, about 17% to about 28%, about 18% to about 27%, about 19% to about 26%, about 20% to about 25%, about 21% to about 24%, or about 22% to about 23%.

[0085] CMC and PGA

[0086] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of CMC and PGA. In certain exemplary embodiments, CMC and PGA are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the CMC and PGA blend is about 5% to about 40%, about 5% to about 39%, about 5% to about 38%, about 5% to about 37%, about 5% to about 36%, about 5% to about 35%, about 5% to about 34%, about 5% to about 33%, about 5% to about 32%, about 5% to about 31%, about 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 29%, about 5% to about 28%, about 5% to about 27%, about 5% to about 26%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 24%, about 5% to about 23%, about 5% to about 22%. , about 5% to about 21%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 40%, about 7% to about 40%, about 8% to about 40%, about 9% to about 40%, about 10% to about 40%, about 11% to about 40%, about 12% to about 40%, about 13% to about 40%, about 14% to about 40%, about 15% to about 40%, about 16% to about 40%, about 17% to about 40%, about 18% to about 40%, about 19% to about 40%, about 20% to about 40%, about 21% to about 40%, about 22% to about 40%, about 23% to about 40%, about 24% to about 40%, about 25% to about 40%, about 26% to about 40%, about 27% to about 40%, about 28% to about 40%, about 29% to about 40%, about 30% to about 40% to about 40%, about 31% to about 40%, about 32% to about 40%, about 33% to about 40%, about 34% to about 40%, about 35% to about 40%, about 36% to about 40%, about 37% to about 40%, about 38% to about 40%, about 39% to about 40%, about 6% to about 39%, about 7% to about 38%, about 8% to about 37%, about 9% to about 36%, about 10% to about 35%, about 11% to about 34%, about 12% to about 33%, about 13% to about 32%, about 14% to about 31%, about 15% to about 30%, about 16% to about 31%, about 17% to about 32%, about 18% to about 33%, about 19% to about 34%, about 20% to about 35%, about 21% to about 25%, about 26% to about 27%, about 28% to about 29%, about 30% to about 31%, about 32% to about 33%, about 34% to about 35%, about 36% to about 37%, about 38% to about 39%, aboutThe aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of about 16% to about 29%, about 17% to about 28%, about 18% to about 27%, about 19% to about 26%, about 20% to about 25%, about 21% to about 24%, or about 22% to about 23%.

[0087] PGA and Konjac

[0088] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of PGA and konjac. In certain exemplary embodiments, PGA and konjac are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the PGA and konjac blend is about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 20%, about 7% to about 20%, about 8% to about 20%, about 10% to about 15 ... The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of about 9% to about 20%, 10% to about 20%, about 11% to about 20%, about 12% to about 20%, about 13% to about 20%, about 14% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 17% to about 20%, about 18% to about 20%, about 19% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to about 17%, about 8% to about 16%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, or about 11% to about 13%.

[0089] PGA and guar gum

[0090] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of PGA and guar gum. In certain exemplary embodiments, PGA and guar gum are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the PGA and guar gum blend is about 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 29%, about 5% to about 28%, about 5% to about 27%, about 5% to about 26%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 24%, about 5% to about 23%, about 5% to about 22%, about 5% to about 21%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18 ... to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 30%, about 7% to about 30%, about 8% to about 30%, about 9% to about 30%, 10% to about 30%, about 11% to about 30%, about 12% to about 30%, about 13% to about 30%, about 14% to about 30%, about 15% to about 30%, about 16% to about 30%, about 17% to about 30%, about 18% to about 30%, about 19% to about 30%, about 20% to about 30%, about 21% to about 30%, about 22% to about 30%, about 23% to about 30%, about 24% to about 30%, about 25% to about 30%, about 26% to about 30%, about 2 The aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of 7% to about 30%, about 28% to about 30%, about 29% to about 30%, about 6% to about 29%, about 7% to about 28%, about 8% to about 27%, about 9% to about 26%, about 10% to about 25%, about 11% to about 24%, about 12% to about 23%, about 13% to about 22%, about 14% to about 21%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 19% or about 17% to about 18%.

[0091] PGA and Xanthan Gum

[0092] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of PGA and xanthan gum. In certain exemplary embodiments, PGA and xanthan gum are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the PGA and xanthan gum blend is about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about, about 6% to about 20%, about 7% to about 20%, about 8% to about 20%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 16%, about 10% to about 15 ... %, about 9% to about 20%, 10% to about 20%, about 11% to about 20%, about 12% to about 20%, about 13% to about 20%, about 14% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 17% to about 20%, about 18% to about 20%, about 19% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to about 17%, about 8% to about 16%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, or about 11% to about 13%.

[0093] PGA and Pectin

[0094] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of PGA and pectin. In certain exemplary embodiments, PGA and pectin are added in a 1:1 ratio. In certain exemplary embodiments, the PGA and pectin blend is about 5% to about 40%, about 5% to about 39%, about 5% to about 38%, about 5% to about 37%, about 5% to about 36%, about 5% to about 35%, about 5% to about 34%, about 5% to about 33%, about 5% to about 32%, about 5% to about 31%, about 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 29%, about 5% to about 28%, about 5% to about 27%, about 5% to about 26%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 24%, about 5% to about 23%, about 5% to about 22%, about 5% to about 21%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 40%, about 7% to about 40%, about 8% to about 40%, about 9% to about 40%, about 10% to about 40%, about 11% to about 40%, about 12% to about 40%, about 13% to about 40%, about 14% to about 40%, about 15% to about 40%, about 16% to about 40%, about 17% to about 40%, about 18% to about 40%, about 19% to about 40%, about 20% to about 40%, about 21% to about 40%, about 22% to about 40%, about 23% to about 40%, about 24% to about 40%, about 25% to about 40%, about 26% to about 40%, about 27% to about 40%, about 28% to about 40%, about 29% to about 40%, about 30% to about 40%, about 31% to about 40%, about 32% to about 40%, about 33% to about 40%, about 34% to about 40%, about 35% to about 40%, about 36% to about 40%, about 37% to about 40%, about 38% to about 40%, about 39% to about 40%, about 6% to about 39%, about 7% to about 38%, about 8% to about 37%, about 9% to about 36%, about 10% to about 35%, about 11% to about 34%, about 12% to about 33%, about 13% to about 32%, about 14% to about 31%, about 15% to about 30%, about 16% to about 29%, aboutThe aqueous solvent is added at a concentration of about 17% to about 28%, about 18% to about 27%, about 19% to about 26%, about 20% to about 25%, about 21% to about 24%, or about 22% to about 23%.

[0095] Gum Arabic and Xanthan Gum

[0096] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of gum arabic and xanthan gum. In certain exemplary embodiments, MGA may replace gum arabic. In certain exemplary embodiments, gum arabic or MGA is present in an amount of about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 59%, about 30% to about 58%, about 30% to about 57%, about 30% to about 56%, about 30% to about 55%, about 30% to about 54%, about 30% to about 53%, about 30% to about 52%, about 30% to about 51%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 49%, about 30% to about 48%, about 30% to about 47%, about 30% to about 46%, about 30% to about 45%, about 30% to about 44%, about 30% to about 46%, about 30% to about 47%, about 30% to about 48%, about 30% to about 49 ... %, about 30% to about 43%, about 30% to about 42%, about 30% to about 41%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 39%, about 30% to about 38%, about 30% to about 37%, about 30% to about 36%, about 30% to about 35%, about 30% to about 34%, about 30% to about 33%, about 30% to about 32%, about 30% to about 31%, about 31% to about 60%, about 32% to about 60%, about 33% to about 60%, about 34% to about 60%, about 35% to about 60%, about 36% to about about 60%, about 37% to about 60%, about 38% to about 60%, about 39% to about 60%, about 40% to about 60%, about 41% to about 60%, about 42% to about 60%, about 43% to about 60%, about 44% to about 60%, about 45% to about 46%, about 47% to about 60%, about 48% to about 60%, about 49% to about 60%, about 50% to about 60%, about 51% to about 60%, about 52% to about 60%, about 53% to about 60%, about 54% to about 60%, about 55% to about 60%, about The adjuvant composition may be added to a concentration of about 56% to about 60%, about 57% to about 60%, about 58% to about 60%, about 59% to about 60%, about 31% to about 59%, about 32% to about 58%, about 33% to about 57%, about 34% to about 56%, about 35% to about 55%, about 36% to about 54%, about 37% to about 53%, about 38% to about 52%, about 39% to about 51%, about 40% to about 50%, about 41% to about 49%, about 42% to about 48%, about 43% to about 47%, or about 44% to about 46%.

[0097] In certain exemplary embodiments, the xanthan gum is present in an amount of about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 5% to about 18%, about 5% to about 17%, about 5% to about 16%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 14%, about 5% to about 13%, about 5% to about 12%, about 5% to about 11%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 20%, about 7% to about 20%, about 8% to about 20%, about 9% to about 10%. The adjuvant composition may be added to a concentration of about 1% to about 20%, about 10% to about 20%, about 11% to about 20%, about 12% to about 20%, about 13% to about 20%, about 14% to about 20%, about 15% to about 20%, about 16% to about 20%, about 17% to about 20%, about 18% to about 20%, about 19% to about 20%, about 5% to about 19%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to about 17%, about 8% to about 16%, about 9% to about 15%, about 10% to about 14%, or about 11% to about 13%.

[0098] Other gum equivalents

[0099] In addition to the above embodiments, it is also recognized and anticipated that certain other gums can be easily substituted or added. In addition to those described above, additional gums that can be substituted or used include beta glucan, ghatti gum, locust bean gum, gellan gum, pine gum, karaya gum, tara gum, tragacanth gum, fenugreek, agar, pullulan and linseed gum.

[0100] Polyols

[0101] In certain exemplary embodiments, any one of the above-mentioned adjuvant compositions can also include one or more polyols. As used herein, polyols are alcohols containing two or more hydroxyl groups. In certain exemplary embodiments, polyols are sugar alcohols. Exemplary sugar alcohols for embodiments disclosed herein include but are not limited to arabitol, erythritol, glycerol, isomalt, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol or a combination thereof. In certain exemplary embodiments, sugar alcohols are glycerol or sorbitol. In certain exemplary embodiments, polyols can change the surface energy of the diluted gum solution so that these solutions can spread over the surface area of ​​a target such as a leaf, thereby covering more leaf surfaces / application volumes compared to solutions containing gum solutions without polyol components. Therefore, in certain exemplary embodiments, polyols are used as dispersing agents or dispersants.

[0102] In certain exemplary embodiments, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a 1:1 blend of xanthan gum and konjac, which is added to an aqueous solvent together with one or more polyols. In certain exemplary embodiments, the polyol is polyvinyl alcohol. In other exemplary embodiments, the polyol is a sugar alcohol. In an exemplary embodiment, the sugar alcohol is selected from the group consisting of glycerol and sorbitol. In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a combination of a 1:1 xanthan gum and konjac blend with glycerol and at least one other polyol.

[0103] In certain exemplary adjuvants, the concentration of the polyol is about 0.6% to about 50%, about 5% to about 40%, about 10% to about 30%, or about 20% to about 30%. In certain exemplary embodiments, the polyol concentration is between about 0.6% to about 10%, about 0.6% to about 9%, about 0.6% to about 8%, about 0.6% to about 7%, about 0.6% to about 6%, about 0.6% to about 5%, about 0.6% to about 4%, about 0.6% to about 3%, about 0.6% to about 2%, or about 0.6% to about 1%. In certain exemplary embodiments, the polyol concentration is between about 10% and about 25%, about 10% and about 20%, or about 10% and about 15%. In certain exemplary embodiments, the polyol concentration is between 25% and 50%, about 25% and 45%, about 25% and 40%, about 25% and about 35%, or about 25% to about 30%. All percentages are w / v percentages.

[0104] Maltodextrin

[0105] In certain exemplary embodiments, the gum-based adjuvant composition may also include one or more maltodextrins. As used herein, maltodextrin is a starch hydrolysate that produces a dextrose equivalent (DE) less than 20. Exemplary maltodextrins for embodiments disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, DE5, DE10, and DE15 maltodextrins or combinations thereof. In certain exemplary embodiments, maltodextrin is used as a dispersing agent or dispersant.

[0106] In certain exemplary adjuvants, the concentration of maltodextrin is about 0.6% to about 50%, about 5% to about 40%, about 10% to about 30%, or about 20% to about 30%. In certain exemplary embodiments, the polyol concentration is about 0.6% to about 10%, about 0.6% to about 9%, about 0.6% to about 8%, about 0.6% to about 7%, about 0.6% to about 6%, about 0.6% to about 5%, about 0.6% to about 4%, about 0.6% to about 3%, about 0.6% to about 2%, or about 0.6% to about 1%. In certain exemplary embodiments, the maltodextrin concentration is between about 10% and about 25%, about 10% and about 20%, or about 10% and about 15%. In certain exemplary embodiments, the maltodextrin concentration is between 25% and 50%, about 25% and 45%, about 25% and 40%, about 25% and about 35%, or about 25% to about 30%. All percentages are given in w / v.

[0107] Migration aids

[0108] In certain exemplary embodiments, the adjuvant composition may also include one or more migration aids, which are defined herein as molecules that can bind active ingredients such as agricultural chemicals in solution and form complexes small enough to pass through the leaf stomata of target leaves with water and penetrate plant roots. Migration aids for embodiments disclosed herein preferably have a small molecular weight and are charged. Substances derived from flaxseed, such as hydrolyzed flaxseed or flaxseed oil contain short-chain linoleic acid molecules, which can be included as migration aids.

[0109] In one exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises a 1:1 xanthan gum and konjac blend and a migration aid. In one exemplary embodiment, the migration aid is hydrolyzed linseed or linseed oil. In another exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises xanthan gum and konjac added in a 1:1 ratio, one or more polyols, and a migration aid. In one exemplary embodiment, the polyol is glycerol, and the migration aid is hydrolyzed linseed or linseed oil.

[0110] In certain exemplary embodiments, the migration aid concentration is between about 5% and about 25%. In certain exemplary embodiments, the migration aid concentration is between about 5% and 12%, about 5% and 11%, about 5% and 10%, about 5% and about 9%, about 5% and about 8%, about 5% and about 7%, or about 5% and about 6%. In another exemplary embodiment, the migration aid concentration is between about 10% and about 25%, between about 11% and about 25%, between about 12% and about 25%, about 13% and about 25%, about 14% and about 25%, about 15% and about 25%, about 16% and about 25%, about 17% and about 25%, about 18% and about 25%, about 19% and about 25%, about 20% and about 25%, about 21% and about 25%, about 22% and about 25%, about 23% and about 25%, or about 24% and about 25%. In another exemplary embodiment, the migration aid concentration is between about 8% and about 15%, about 9% and about 14%, about 10% and about 13%, or about 11% and about 12%.

[0111] Emulsifier

[0112] In certain exemplary embodiments, the adjuvant composition may also include one or more emulsifiers. The emulsifiers used in the embodiments disclosed herein maintain a solid component that can interact with the active ingredient uniformly dispersed in water. In certain exemplary embodiments, the emulsifier is unmodified or starch modified with octenyl succinic acid. Other exemplary emulsifiers include gum arabic, MGA and soap bark (quillaia).

[0113] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises a 1:1 xanthan gum and konjac blend and an emulsifier. In an exemplary embodiment, the emulsifier is a modified starch. In another exemplary embodiment, the emulsifier is gum arabic. In another exemplary embodiment, the emulsifier is MGA. In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises a 1:1 xanthan gum and konjac blend, a polyol, and an emulsifier. In an exemplary embodiment, the polyol is a sugar alcohol, and the emulsifier is a modified starch. In an exemplary embodiment, the sugar alcohol is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, sorbitol, and the emulsifier is starch, modified starch, MGA, or gum arabic.

[0114] In certain exemplary embodiments, the concentration of the emulsifier is between about 10% and about 60%, about 10% and about 50%, about 10% and about 40%, about 10% and about 30%, or about 10% and about 20%. In another exemplary embodiment, the emulsifier concentration is between about 15% and about 35%, about 15% and about 30%, about 15% and about 25%, or about 15% and about 20%. In another exemplary embodiment, the emulsifier concentration is between about 20% and about 40%, about 20% and about 35%, about 20% and about 30%, or about 20% and about 25%.

[0115] Surfactants

[0116] In certain exemplary embodiments, the adjuvant composition may also include one or more surfactants. The surfactant may be an anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric surfactant or a combination thereof. The surfactant may play a variety of roles in the adjuvant composition, including the role of a dispersant, emulsifier, wetting agent or a combination thereof. In certain exemplary embodiments, the surfactant is a natural surfactant. An exemplary natural surfactant is a soap bark extract or seed oil surfactant such as Ecosurf TM SA-9. In another exemplary embodiment, the surfactant is an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant such as, but not limited to 425-N.

[0117] In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises a 1:1 xanthan gum and konjac blend in combination with one or more polyols and a surfactant. In an exemplary embodiment, the one or more polyols include glycerol and at least one additional polyol, and the surfactant is an oilseed-derived surfactant. In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises a 1:1 xanthan gum and konjac blend in combination with one or more polyols, a surfactant, and hydrolyzed sunflower lecithin. In an exemplary embodiment, the one or more polyols include glycerol and at least one other polyol, and the surfactant is an oilseed-derived surfactant. In an exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises a 1:1 xanthan gum and konjac blend in combination with one or more polyols and an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant. In another exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises a 1:1 xanthan gum and konjac blend in combination with one or more polyols, an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant, and a modified starch. In another exemplary embodiment, the adjuvant composition comprises a 1:1 xanthan gum and konjac blend in combination with one or more polyols, a hydrolyzed sunflower lecithin, and an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant.

[0118] In certain exemplary embodiments, the adjuvant composition comprises a formulation disclosed in one of Tables 2a, 2b, or 3 below.

[0119] Adjuvant-Agrochemical Solutions

[0120] In certain exemplary embodiments, the gum-based adjuvant composition disclosed above is diluted with an effective amount of agricultural chemicals in an aqueous solvent to form an agricultural chemical solution applied to a target plant or crop. Due to the features of the adjuvant having the ability to bind water, form a film and resist evaporation, the adjuvant composition disclosed herein is very suitable for use as an adjuvant used for such agricultural chemical solutions. The aqueous mixture of at least one agricultural chemical and the adjuvant obtained is stirred for a period of time, and then applied to the target crop or plant via standard application means such as, but not limited to, aerial application, vehicle-mounted application, hand-held application, multi-nozzle application and backpack sprayer application.

[0121] The dilution or use rate of the adjuvant composition described herein will vary according to the active agricultural chemical ingredients used, the target plant or crop, the time of application, and other components already present in the agricultural chemical composition, and can be appropriately selected by those of ordinary skill in the art. In certain exemplary embodiments, the adjuvant composition use rate is between about 1 ounce / 100 gallons of final agricultural chemical solution to about 4 gallons / 100 gallons of final agricultural chemical solution. In certain exemplary embodiments, the adjuvant composition use rate is between about 1 pint / 100 gallons of final agricultural chemical solution to 1 quart / 100 gallons of final agricultural chemical solution.

[0122] The application parameters for the final agrochemical solution application will depend on the application means, and can be appropriately selected by those of ordinary skill in the art. For aerial application, the flow rate is generally 15-25 gallons per acre (gpa). Car (usually truck or tractor) application is generally 25gpa, but can be in the range of 10-150gpa. Handheld application is generally in the range of 100 to 250gpa. Backpack sprayer application is generally 30-100gpa. Pressure range is generally nozzle and application type dependent, and can be appropriately selected by those of ordinary skill in the art. Typical pressure range is 15-115 pounds per square inch back pressure.

[0123] Exemplary agricultural chemicals that can be used in combination with the gum-based adjuvant compositions are described in further detail below.

[0124] Agrochemicals

[0125] The gum-based adjuvant compositions disclosed herein can be used together with agricultural chemicals, which are herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators, bactericides, acaricides or combinations thereof. In certain exemplary embodiments, the agricultural chemical application composition comprises a gum-based adjuvant disclosed herein diluted in an aqueous solvent with an effective amount of one or more herbicides. In another exemplary embodiment, the agricultural chemical application composition comprises a gum-based adjuvant disclosed herein diluted in an aqueous solvent with an effective amount of one or more fungicides. In another exemplary embodiment, the agricultural chemical application composition comprises a gum-based adjuvant disclosed herein diluted in an aqueous solvent with an effective amount of one or more insecticides. In another exemplary embodiment, the agricultural chemical application composition comprises a gum-based adjuvant disclosed herein diluted in an aqueous solvent with an effective amount of one or more plant growth regulators. In another exemplary embodiment, the agricultural chemical composition comprises a gum-based adjuvant disclosed herein diluted in an aqueous solvent with an effective amount of one or more bactericides. In another exemplary embodiment, an agrochemical application solution comprises a gum-based adjuvant disclosed herein diluted in an aqueous solvent together with an effective amount of one or more acaricides.

[0126] 1. Herbicides

[0127] In certain exemplary embodiments, the agricultural chemical is selected from one or more herbicides described below. In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is an amide herbicide. Exemplary amide herbicides include allidochlor, amicarbazone, beflubutamid, benzadox, benzipriam, bromobutide, cafenstrole, CDEA, cyprazole, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, diphenamid, epronaz, etnipromid, fentraz The compounds include, but are not limited to, flucarbazone, flupoxam, fomesafen, halosafen, sulfamethoxam, isocarbamid, isoxaben, napropamide, napropamide-M, naptalam, pethoxamid, propyzamide, quinonamid, saflufenacil, tebutam, and tiafenacil. Exemplary amide herbicides can also include aniline herbicides such as, but not limited to, chloranocryl, cisanilide, clomeprop, cypromid, diflufenican, dichlorohexamethylenetetramine, etobenzanid, fenasulam, flufenacet, flufenican, ipfencarbazone, mefanacet, mefluidide, metamifop, monalide, naproanilide, pentanochlor, picolinafen, propanil, sulfentrazone, and triafamone.Exemplary amide herbicides may also include arylalanine herbicides, such as, but not limited to, benzoylprop, flamprop, and flamprop-M. Exemplary amide herbicides may also include chloroacetanilide herbicides, such as, but not limited to, acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, butenachlor, delachlor, diethatyl, dimethachlor, ethachlor, ethaprochlor, metazachlor, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor, prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylhlor, xylachlor. Exemplary amide herbicides may also include sulfonanilide herbicides, such as, but not limited to, benzolfuor, cloransulam, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam, perfuidone, profluazol, pyrimisulfan. Exemplary amide herbicides may also include sulfonamide herbicides (also known as sulfonylurea herbicides), such as, but not limited to, asulam, carbasulum, fenasulam, oryzalin, penoxsulam, pyroxsulam. Exemplary amide herbicides may also include thioamide herbicides, such as, but not limited to, bencabarazone and chlorthiamid.

[0128] In certain other exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is an aromatic acid herbicide. Exemplary aromatic acid herbicides include benzoic acid herbicides such as, but not limited to, camendichlor, chloramben, dicamba, 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid (TBA), and tricamba; pyrimidinyloxybenzoic acid herbicides such as, but not limited to, bispyribac and pyriminobac; pyrimidinylthiobenzoic acid herbicides such as, but not limited to, pyrithiobac; phthalic acid herbicides such as, but not limited to, chlorthal; picolinic acid herbicides such as, but not limited to, aminopyralid, clopyralid, halauxifen, and picloram; and quinolinecarboxylic acid herbicides such as, but not limited to, quinclorac and quinmerac.

[0129] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is an arsenic herbicide such as, but not limited to, dimethylarsonic acid, calcium bis(methylarsonic acid) (CMA), disodium methylarsonic acid (DSMA), hexafluoro salts, methylarsonic acid (MAA), ammonium methylarsonic acid (MAMA), sodium methylarsonic acid (MSMA), potassium arsenite, and sodium arsenite.

[0130] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a benzoylcyclohexanedione herbicide such as, but not limited to, fenquinotrione, ketospiradox, mesotrione, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, and tembotrione.

[0131] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a benzofuranyl alkyl sulfonate herbicide such as, but not limited to, benfuresate and ethofumesate.

[0132] In certain other exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a benzothiazole herbicide, such as, but not limited to, benazolin, benzthiazuron, fenthiaprop, mefenacet, and methabenzthiazuron.

[0133] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a carbamate herbicide such as, but not limited to, asulam, carboxazole, chlorprocarb, dichlormate, fenasulam, karbutilate, and terbucarb. Carbamate herbicides may also include phenylcarbamate herbicides such as, but not limited to, barban, [RS]-sec-butyl 3-chlorophenylcarbamate (BCPC), carbasulam, carbetamide, 2-chloroethyl 3-chlorophenylcarbamate (CEPC), chlorbufam, chlorpropham, [RS]-2-chloro-1-methylethyl N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate (CPPC), desmedipham, phenisopham, pehnmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, propham, and swep.

[0134] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a carbonate herbicide such as, but not limited to, bromobonil, dinofenate, iodobonil, and tolpyralate.

[0135] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a cyclohexene oxime herbicide such as, but not limited to, alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, and tralkoxydim.

[0136] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a cyclopropylisoxazole herbicide, such as, but not limited to, isoxachlortole and isoxaflutole.

[0137] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a dicarboximide herbicide (also known as a uracil herbicide) such as, but not limited to, cinidon-ethyl, flumezin, flumiclorac, flumioxazin, and flumipropyn.

[0138] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a dinitroaniline herbicide such as benfluralin, futralin, chlornidine, dinitramine, dipropalin, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, isopropalin, methalpropalin, nitralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, profluralin, and trifluralin.

[0139] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a diphenyl ether herbicide such as, but not limited to, ethoxyfen and nitrophenyl; an ether herbicide such as, but not limited to, acifluofen, aclonifen, bifenox, chlomethoxyfen, chlornitrofen, etnipromid, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoronitrofen, fomesafen, fluazifop, furyloxyfen, halosafen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, and oxyfluorfen.

[0140] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a dithiocarbamate herbicide, such as dazomet and metam.

[0141] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a fumigant herbicide such as, but not limited to, cyanogen, methyl bromide, and methyl iodide.

[0142] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a halogenated aliphatic herbicide such as, but not limited to, alorac, chloropon, dalapon, tetrafluoropropionic acid, hexachloroacetone, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, monochloroacetic acid, sodium chloroacetate (SMA), and trichloroacetic acid (TCA).

[0143] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is an imidazolinone herbicide such as, but not limited to, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapyr, imazaquin, and imazaethapyr.

[0144] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is an inorganic herbicide such as, but not limited to, ammonium sulfamate, borax, calcium chlorate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, potassium azide, potassium cyanate, sodium azide, sodium chlorate, and sulfuric acid.

[0145] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a nitrile herbicide such as, but not limited to, bromobonil, bromoxynil, chlorooxynil, dichlobenil, iodobonil, ioxynil, and pyraclonil.

[0146] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is an organophosphorus herbicide such as, but not limited to, amiprofos-methyl, amiprophos, anilofos, bensulide, bilanafos, butamifos, clacyfos, tris[2-[2,4-dichlorophenoxy)ethyl]phosphite (2,4-DEP), [RS]-(O-2,4-dichlorophenyl O-methylisopropylthiophosphoramidate (DMPA), ethyl bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphite (EBEP), fosamine, glufosinate, glufosinate-P, glyphosate, sulfamethoxazole, piperophos, and bismethylaminophosphine.

[0147] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is an oxadiazolone herbicide, such as, but not limited to, dimefuron, methazole, oxadiargyl, and oxadiazon.

[0148] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is an oxazole herbicide such as, but not limited to, carboxazole, fenoxasulfone, isouron, isoxaben, isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, methiozolin, monisouron, pyroxasulfone, and topramezaone.

[0149] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a phenoxy herbicide such as, but not limited to, bromophenoxime, clomeprop, 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)ethyl benzoate (2,4-DEB), 2-4-DEP, difenopenten, disul, erbon, etnipromid, fenteracol, and trifopsime. Phenoxy herbicides may also include phenoxyacetic acid herbicides such as clacyfos, (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (4-CPA), (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), (3,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (3,4-DA), 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA), MCPA-thioethyl (MCPA-thioethyl) and (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T); phenoxybutyric acid herbicides such as 4-(4-chlorophenoxy)butyric acid (4-CPB) , 4-(2,4,-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB), 4-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (3,4-DB), 4-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)butyric acid (MCPB), and 4(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4,5-TB); and phenoxypropionic acid herbicides such as cloprop, (RS)-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (4-CPP), dichloroprop, dichlorprop-P, (RS)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric ...2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (4-CPP), dichloroprop, dichlorprop-P 2,4,5-dichloropropionic acid (3,4-DP), 2,4,5-dichloropropionic acid (fenoprop), 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid (mecoprop), high 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid (mecoprop-P); and aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides such as chlorazifop, clodinafop, clofop, cyhalofop, diclofop, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P ), fenthiaprop, fluazifop, fluzaifop-P, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, isoxapyrifop, quinacridone, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-P and trifop.

[0150] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a phenylenediamine herbicide, such as, but not limited to, diinitramine and prodiamine.

[0151] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a pyrazole herbicide, such as, but not limited to, azimsulfuron, difenzoquat, halosulfuron, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, pyroxasulfone. Pyrazole herbicides may also include benzoylpyrazole herbicides, such as benzofenap, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, tolpyralate, and topramezone; phenylpyrazole herbicides, such as fluazolate, nipyraclofen, pinoxaden, and pyraflufen.

[0152] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a pyridazine herbicide such as, but not limited to, credazine, cyclopyrimorate, pyridafol, and pyridate.

[0153] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a pyridazinone herbicide, such as brompyrazon, chloridazon, dimidazon, flufenpyr, metflurazon, norflurazon, oxapyrazon, pydanon.

[0154] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a pyridine herbicide such as aminopyralid, cliodinate, clopyralid, diflufenican, dithiopyr, flufenican, fluroxypyr, halauxifen, haloxydine, picloram, picolinafen, pyriclor, pyroxsulam, thiazopyr, and triclopyr.

[0155] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a pyrimidinediamine herbicide, such as, but not limited to, ipyrmidam and tioclorim.

[0156] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a pyrimidinyloxybenzylamine herbicide, such as, but not limited to, pyribambenz-isopropyl and pyribambenz-propyl.

[0157] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a quaternary ammonium herbicide such as, but not limited to, cyperquat, dethamquat, difenzoquat, diquat, morfamquat, and paraquat.

[0158] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a thiocarbamate herbicide such as, but not limited to, butylate, cycloate, di-allate, S-ethyldipropyl(thiocarbamate) (EPTC), esprocarb, ethiolate, isopolinate, methiobencarb, molinate, orbencarb, pebulate, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, sulfallate, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil, tri-allate, and vernolate.

[0159] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a thiocarbonate herbicide such as, but not limited to, dimexano, O,O-diethyldithiobis(thioformate) (EXD), and proxan.

[0160] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a thiourea herbicide, such as, but not limited to, methiuron.

[0161] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a triazine herbicide, such as, but not limited to, dipropetryn, fluazifop, and trihydroxytriazine. Triazine herbicides may also include chlorotriazine herbicides, such as, but not limited to, atrazine, chlorazine, cyanazine, cyprazine, eglinazine, ipazine, mesoprazine, procyazine, proglinazine, propazine, sebuthylazine, simazine, terbuthylazine, and trietazine; fluoroalkyl triazine herbicides, such as indaziflam ) and triaziflam; methoxytriazine herbicides such as atraton, methometon, prometon, secbumeton, simeton and terbumeton; and methylthiotriazine herbicides such as ametryn, aziprotryne, cyanatryn, desmetryn, dimethametryn, methoprene, prometryn, simetryn and terbutryn.

[0162] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a triazone herbicide such as, but not limited to, amethidione, amibuzin, ethiozin, hexazinone, isomethiozin, metamitron, metribuzin, and trifludimoxazin.

[0163] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a thiazole herbicide, such as, but not limited to, amitrole, cafenstrole, epronaz, and flupoxam.

[0164] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a triazolone herbicide, such as, but not limited to, amicarbazone, bencarbazone, carfentrazone, flucarbazone, ipfencarbazone, propoxycarbazone, sulfentrazaone, and thiencarbazone.

[0165] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a triazole pyrimidine herbicide such as, but not limited to, cloransulam, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam, penoxsulam, and pyroxsulam.

[0166] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a uracil herbicide such as, but not limited to, benzfendizone, bromacil, butafenacil, flupropacil, isocil, lenacil, sflufenacil, terbacil, and tiafenacil.

[0167] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is a urea herbicide such as, but not limited to, benzthiazuron, cumyluron, cycluron, dichloralurea, diflufenzopyr, isonoruron, isouron, methabenzthiazuron, monisouron, and noruron. Urea herbicides may also include phenylurea herbicides such as anisuron, buturon, chlorbromuron, chloreturon, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, daimuron, difenoxuron, dimefuron, diuron, fenuron, fluometuron, fluothiuron, isoproturon, and oxazolidinone. proturon), linuron, methiuron, methyldymron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, monuron, neburon, paralfuron, phenobenzuron, siduron, tetrafluron and thidiazuron;and sulfonylurea herbicides such as amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halsu lfuron, imazosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, methiopyrisulfuron, monosulfuron, nicosulfuron, orthosulfamuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, propyrisulfuron, pyridoxine Pyrazossulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, trifloxysulfuron, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, ethametsulfuron, iodosulfuron, iofensulfuron, metsulfuron uron), prosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron, triflusulfuron and tritosulfuron; and thiadiazolyl urea herbicides such as buthiuron, ethidimuron, tebuthiuron, thiazafluron and thidiazuron. ;

[0168] In certain exemplary embodiments, the herbicide is acrolein, allyl alcohol, aminocyclopyrachlor, azafenidin, bentazone, bentranil, benzobicyclon, bicyclopyrone, buthidazole, calcium cyanamide, chlorfenac, chlorfenprop, chlorflurazole, chlorflurenol, cinmethylin, clomazone, (EZ)-1-chloro-N2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N1,N1-dimethylformamidine (CPMF), cresol, cyanamide, o-dichlorobenzene, dimepiperate, dithioether, endothal, fluoromidine, flur idone), flurochloridone, flurtamone, fluthiacet, flunaphthyl, herbimycin, cyclohexane, indanofan, methoxypentyl ketone, methyl isothiocyanate, perchlorocyclohex-2-en-1-one (OCH), oxaziclomefone, nonanoic acid, pentachlorophenol, pentoxazone, phenylmercuric acetate, prosulfalin , pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, quinoclamine, rhodethanil, sulglycapin, tavron, tidiazimin, tridiazimin, tridiphane, trimeturon, tripropindan and tritac, or a combination thereof.

[0169] 2. Fungicides

[0170] In certain exemplary embodiments, the one or more agricultural chemicals are one or more fungicides. The fungicides may include one or more fungicide classes or fungicides described further below.

[0171] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is an aliphatic nitrogen fungicide such as, but not limited to, butanamine, cymoxanil, dodicin, dodine, and guazatineiminoctadine.

[0172] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is an amide fungicide such as, but not limited to, benzovindiflupyr, carpropamid, chloraniformethan, cyflufenamid, diclocymet, diclocymet, dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin, fenoxanil, flumetover, furazolidone, furametpyr), isofetamidopyr, isofetamidopyr, isopyrazam, mandestrobin, mandipropamid, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, penthiopyrad, prochloraz, pydiflumetofen, quinazamid, silthiofam, and triforine.Amide fungicides may also include acylamino acid fungicides such as benalaxy, benalaxyl-M, furalaxyl, metalaxy, metalaxyl-M, pefurazoate and valifenalate; aniline fungicides such as benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenhexamid, fluopyraclostrobin (fluxapyroxad), isotianil, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metsulfovax, ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxin, penflufen, pyracarbolid, pyraziflumid, sedaxane, thifluzamide, tiadinil and vanguard; benzanilide fungicides such as benodanil, flutolanil, mebenil, mepronil, salicylanilide and tecloftalam; furfuranil fungicides such as fenfuram, furaxyl, furcarbanil and methfuroxam; sulfonanilide fungicides such as flusulfamide; benzamide fungicides such as benzohydroxamic acid, fluopicolide, fluopyram, ticyanobenzamide and timidine. and valinamide fungicides, such as benthiavalicarb and iprovalicarb.

[0173] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is an antibiotic fungicide, such as, but not limited to, aureomycin, blasticidin-S, cycloheximide, griseofulvin, kasugamycin, moroxydine, natamycin, polyoxorim, polyoxin, streptomycin, validamycin. Antibiotic fungicides may include strobilurin fungicides such as fluoxastrobin, mandestrobin; strobilurin fungicides such as azoxystrobin, pyroxastrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin; methoxyphenylcarbamate strobilurin fungicides such as fluoxastrobin, mandestrobin; strobilurin fungicides such as pyroxastrobin, pyroxastrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, pyroxastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin; fungicides such as pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb; methoxyiminoacetamide strobilurin fungicides such as dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin, metominostrobin and orysastrobin; methoxyiminoacetate strobilurin fungicides such as kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin.

[0174] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is an aromatic fungicide such as, but not limited to, biphenyl, chlorodinitronapthalene, chloroneb, chlorothalonil, cresol, dicloran, fenthion, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol, pentachloronitrobenzene, sodium pentachlorophenate, tetrachloronitrobenzene, and trichlorotrinitrobenzene.

[0175] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is an arsenic fungicide, such as, but not limited to, asomate and urbacide.

[0176] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is an aryl phenyl ketone fungicide, such as, but not limited to, metrafenone and pyriofenone.

[0177] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a benzimidazole fungicide such as, but not limited to, albendazole, carbendazim, chlorfenazole, cypendazole, debacarb, fuberidazole, mecarbinzid, rabenzazole, and thiabendazole.

[0178] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a benzimidazole precursor fungicide such as, but not limited to, furophanate, thiophanate, and thiophanate-methyl.

[0179] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a benzothiazole fungicide, such as, but not limited to, bentaluron, benthiavalicarb, benthiazole, chlobenthiazone, and chlorfenapyr.

[0180] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a botanical fungicide such as, but not limited to, allicin, berberine, carvacrol, carvone, osthole, sanguinarine, and santocarin.

[0181] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a bridged diphenyl fungicide such as, but not limited to, thiochlorophen, dichlorophen, diphenylamine, hexachlorophene, and phenpyradanol.

[0182] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a carbamate fungicide, such as, but not limited to, benthiavalicarb, fluorphanate, iodocarb, iprovalicarb, picarbutrazox, propamocarb, pyribencarb, thiophanate, methylthiophanate, and tolprocarb. Carbamate fungicides may also include benzimidazole carbamate fungicides, such as albendazole, benomyl, carbendazim, cyanophanate, imidacloprid, and carbendazim; and phenyl carbamate fungicides, such as diethofencarb, pyraclostrobin, oxazolidinone, and chlorpyrifos.

[0183] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a conazole fungicide, such as, but not limited to, climbazole, clotrimazole, imazalil, oxpoconazole, prochloraz, triflumizole, azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flufenoconazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole and uniconazole-P.

[0184] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a cyanoacrylate fungicide, such as, but not limited to, benzamacril and phenamacril.

[0185] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a dicarboximide fungicide, such as, but not limited to, famoxadone and fluoroimide. Dicarboximide fungicides may also include dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungicides, such as chlozolinate, dichlozoline, iprodione, isovaledione, myclozolin, procymidone, and vinclozolin; and phthalimide fungicides, such as captafol, captan, ditalimfos, folpet, and thiochlorfenphim.

[0186] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a dinitrophenol fungicide such as, but not limited to, binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, dinocap-4, dinocap-6, meptyldinocap, dinocton, dinopenton, dinosulfon, dinoterbon, and DNOC.

[0187] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a dithiocarbamate fungicide such as, but not limited to, amobam, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, azithiram, and ziram. Dithiocarbamate fungicides can include cyclic dithiocarbamate fungicides such as dazomet, etem and milneb; and polymeric dithiocarbamate fungicides such as mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamates, propineb and zineb.

[0188] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a dithiolane fungicide, such as, but not limited to, isoprothiolane and thiophanate-methyl.

[0189] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a fumigant fungicide such as, but not limited to, carbon disulfide, cyanogen, dimethyl disulfide, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, and sodium tetrathiocarbonate.

[0190] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a hydrazide fungicide such as, but not limited to, quinone oxime hydrazone and thiophanate-methyl.

[0191] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is an imidazole fungicide, such as, but not limited to, cyazofamid, fenamidone, fenapanil, glyodin, iprodione, isovaledione, perfurazoate, and triazoxide. Imidazole fungicides may also include conazole fungicides, such as climbazole, clotrimazole, imazalil, oxpoconazole, prochloraz, and triflumizole.

[0192] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is an inorganic fungicide, such as potassium azide, potassium thiocyanate, sodium azide and sulfur. Inorganic fungicides can include copper fungicides, such as but not limited to acypetacs-copper, Bordeaux mixture, Burgundy mixture, Cheshinte mixture, copper acetate, copper carbonate (basic), copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oleate, copper oxychloride, copper silicate, copper sulfate, copper sulfate (basic), copper zinc chromate, thiocarb (cufraneb), cuprobam (cuprobam), cuprous oxide, mancozeb, oxine-copper, thiothionine copper and thiodiazole-copper (thiodiazole-copper); and mercury fungicides. Mercury fungicides can be inorganic mercury fungicides, such as mercuric chloride, mercuric oxide and mercurous chloride. Mercury fungicides may also include organic mercury fungicides such as (3-ethoxypropyl) mercuric bromide, ethylmercuric acetate, ethylmercuric bromide, ethylmercuric chloride, ethylmercuric 2,3-dihydroxypropylmercuric mercury, ethylmercuric phosphate, N-(ethylmercuric)-p-toluenesulfonanilide, hydrargaphen, 2-methoxyethylmercuric, methylmercuric chloride, methylmercuric benzoate, methylmercuric cyanoguanidine, methylmercuric pentachlorophenol, 8-phenylmercuric hydroxyquinoline, phenylmercuric urea, phenylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuric chloride, phenylmercuric derivatives of catechol, phenylmercuric nitrate, phenylmercuric salicylate, thimerosal and toluenemercuric acetate.

[0193] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a morpholine fungicide such as, but not limited to, aldimorph, benzamorph, carbamorph, dimethomorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, flumorph, and tridemorph.

[0194] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is ampropylfos, ditalimfos, EBP, edifenphos, fosetyl, hexylthiofos, inezin, iprobenfos, izobenfos, izopamfos, chlorpyrifos, phosdiphen, pyrazophos, toclofos-methyl, triamiphos, or a combination thereof.

[0195] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is an organophosphorus fungicide such as, but not limited to, 1-aminopropylphosphonic acid, chlorpyrifos, EBP, dichlorvos, phosphine, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, isothiocyanate, seed soaking phosphorus, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, methyl tolclofos and carbendazim.

[0196] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is an organotin fungicide such as, but not limited to, tin decaphosphate, triphenyltin acetate, and tributyltin oxide.

[0197] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is an oxathin fungicide, such as carboxin and oxycarboxin.

[0198] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is an oxazole fungicide such as, but not limited to, drazoxolone, sclerotinol, drazoxolon, famoxadone, hymexazol, metazoxin, formicola, oxathiapiprolin, pyrisoxazole, and vinclozolin.

[0199] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a polysulfide fungicide, such as, but not limited to, barium polysulfide, calcium polysulfide, potassium polysulfide, and sodium polysulfide.

[0200] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a pyrazole fungicide, such as, but not limited to, benzovinflumizone, bixafen, fenpyrazamine, fluopyram, furazolidone, pyraclostrobin, fluthiazolin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, fluopyram, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyramidazole, and pyraclostrobin.

[0201] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a pyridine fungicide, such as, but not limited to, boscalid, buthiobate, dithiopyridin, fluazinam, flupyr, fluperazine, pyraclostrobin, picarbutrazox, pyrimidine, pyridinitril, pyrifenox, pyrazinazole, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur, and chlorpyrifos.

[0202] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a pyrimidine fungicide, such as, but not limited to, bupirimate, diflumetorim, dimethirimol, ethirimol, fenarimol, ferimzone, nuarimol, and triarimol. Pyrimidine fungicides can include anilinopyrimidine fungicides, such as cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, and pyrimethanil.

[0203] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is an azole fungicide, such as, but not limited to, dimetachlone, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, and fluoroimide.

[0204] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a quaternary ammonium fungicide, such as, but not limited to, berberine and sanguinarine.

[0205] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a quinoline fungicide such as, but not limited to, ethoxyquinoline, quinoline acrylate, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, quinocetone, quinoxyfen, and isobutylethoxyquinoline.

[0206] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a quinone fungicide, such as, but not limited to, chloranil, dichloronaphthoquinone, and thiocyanate.

[0207] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a quinoxaline fungicide, such as, but not limited to, chinomethionat, chlorquinox, and thioquinox.

[0208] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a thiadiazole fungicide, such as, but not limited to, etridiazole, thiamethoxam, thiophanate-methyl, and zinc thiabendazole.

[0209] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a thiazole fungicide, such as, but not limited to, ethaboxam, isothiabendazole, thiabendazole, octhilinone, fluazifop, thiabendazole, and thiabendazole.

[0210] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a thiazolidine fungicide, such as, but not limited to, futianil and thiadifluor.

[0211] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a thiocarbamate fungicide such as, but not limited to, methasulfocarb and prothiocarb.

[0212] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a thiophene fungicide, such as, but not limited to, ethaboxam, isoflurane, and silthiopyrad.

[0213] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a triazine fungicide, such as, but not limited to, anilazine.

[0214] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a triazole fungicide, such as, but not limited to, Amethoxazole, bitertanol, fluotrimazole, and triazbutil. Triazole fungicides may also include conazole fungicides (triazoles), such as, but not limited to, azaconazole, cyproconazole, benzyltriazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, ethiconazole, nitrobenzene, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, fluconazole, furoconazole, hexaconazole, cyproconazole, imipenem, phyconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, diniconazole, silyfenazole, tebuconazole, tetrafluconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, trichlorfonazole, uniconazole, and uniconazole-P.

[0215] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a triazole pyrimidine fungicide, such as, but not limited to, ametoctradin.

[0216] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a urea fungicide such as, but not limited to, propazuron, pencycuron, and quinhydrone.

[0217] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is a zinc fungicide, such as, but not limited to, acypetacs-zinc, copper zinc chromate, thiamethoxam, mancozeb, metiram, polycarbamate, polyoxorim-zinc, propineb, zinc naphthenate, zinc thiazole, zinc trichlorophenoxide, mancozeb, and ziram.

[0218] In certain exemplary embodiments, the fungicide is acibenzolar, acypetacs, allyl alcohol, benzalkonium chloride, bethoxazin, bromothalonil, chitosan, chloropicrin, DBCP, dehydroacetic acid, diclomezine, diethyl pyrocarbonate, dipymetitrone, ethylicin, fenaminosulf, fenitropan ... npropidin), formaldehyde, furfural, hexachlorobutadiene, methyl isocyanate, nitrostyrene, nitrothal-isopropyl, OCH, pentachlorophenyl laurate, 2-phenylphenol, phthalide, piperalin, propamidine, proquinazid, pyroquilon, sodium o-phenylphenol, spiroxamine, sultropen, thicyofen, tricyclazole, or a combination thereof.

[0219] 3. Pesticides

[0220] In certain exemplary embodiments, the agricultural chemical is a pesticide. The pesticide may include one or more pesticide classes or pesticides described further below.

[0221] In certain exemplary embodiments, the pesticide is an arsenic pesticide, such as, but not limited to, calcium arsenate, copper acetylarsenite, copper arsenate, lead arsenate, potassium arsenite, and sodium arsenite.

[0222] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a botanical insecticide such as, but not limited to, allicin, quinoline, azadirachtin, carvacrol, d-limonene, matrine, nicotine, nornicotine, oxymatrine, pyrethrins, cucurbitacin I, cucurbitacin II, pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, quassia, nymphotoxin-III, rotenone, nicotine, sabdariffa, sanguinarine, and triptolide.

[0223] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a carbamate insecticide, such as, but not limited to, bendiocarb and carbaryl. Carbamate insecticides may also include methylcarbamate benzofuran ester insecticides, such as, but not limited to, benfuracarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan, decarbofuran, and furathiocarb; dimethylcarbamate insecticides, such as, but not limited to, dimetan, dimetilan, hyquincarb, isolan, pirimicar, and pyrimicar. b), pyrimidine carb and pyramat; carbamate oxime ester insecticides such as alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, methomyl, nitrilacarb, oxamyl, tazimcarb, thiocarboxime, and methylcarbamate insecticides such as allyxycarb, aminocarb, bufencarb, butacarb, carbanolate, cloethocarb, CPMC, dicresyl, dimethacarb, dioxacarb, EMPC, ethiofencarb, fenethacarb, fenobucarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, metolcarb, mexacarbate, promacyl, promecarb, propoxur, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb.

[0224] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a diamide insecticide such as, but not limited to, broflanilide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide, and tetraniliprole.

[0225] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a dinitrophenol insecticide, such as, but not limited to, dinex, dinoprop, dinosam, and DNOC.

[0226] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a fluorine insecticide, such as, but not limited to, barium hexafluorosilicate, sodium fluoroaluminate, flursulamid, sodium fluoride, sodium hexafluorosilicate, and sulfluramid.

[0227] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a formamidine insecticide, such as, but not limited to, amitraz, chlordimeform, formetanate, formparanate, medimeform, and monoformamidine.

[0228] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a fumigant insecticide such as, but not limited to, acrylonitrile, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, carbonyl sulfide, chloroform, chloropicrin, cyanogen, p-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloropropane, dimethyl disulfide, ethyl formate, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, hydrogen cyanide, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, methyl chloroform, methylene chloride, naphthalene, phosphine, sodium tetrathiocarbonate, sulfonyl fluoride, and tetrachloroethane.

[0229] In certain exemplary embodiments, the pesticide is an inorganic pesticide such as, but not limited to, borax, boric acid, calcium polysulfide, copper oleate, diatomaceous earth, mercurous chloride, potassium thiocyanate, silica gel, and sodium thiocyanate.

[0230] In some exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is an insect growth regulator. The insect growth regulator can include chitin synthesis inhibitors, juvenile hormone mimics, juvenile hormone, ecdysone agonists, ecdysone, molting inhibitors, precocious hormones. Chitin synthesis inhibitors can include but are not limited to buprofezin and cyromazine. Chitin synthesis inhibitors can also include benzoylphenyl urea chitin synthesis inhibitors, such as but not limited to bistrifluron, chlorbenzuron, chlorfluazuron, dichlorbenzuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, penfluron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron. Exemplary juvenile hormone mimetics include, but are not limited to, epofenonane, fenoxycarb, hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, pyriproxyfen and triprene. Exemplary juvenile hormones include, but are not limited to, juvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone II and juvenile hormone III. Exemplary ecdysone agonists include, but are not limited to, chromafenozide, furan tebufenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide and fenoxazine. Exemplary ecdysone includes, but is not limited to, α-ecdysone and ecdysterone. Exemplary molting inhibitors include, but are not limited to, diofenolan. Exemplary precocious hormones include, but are not limited to, precocious hormone I, precocious hormone II and precocious hormone III. In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is dicyclanil.

[0231] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a macrolide insecticide. Macrolide insecticides may include avermectin insecticides, milbemycin insecticides and spinosyn insecticides. Exemplary avermectin insecticides include but are not limited to abamectin, doramectin, emamectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin and selamectin. Exemplary milbemycin insecticides include but are not limited to lepimectin, milbemectin, milbemycin oxime and moxidectin. Exemplary spinosyn insecticides include but are not limited to spinetoram and spinosad.

[0232] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a neonicotinoid insecticide. Neonicotinoid insecticides may include nitroguanidine neonicotinoid insecticides, nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticides and pyridinylmethylamine neonicotinoid insecticides. Exemplary nitroguanidine neonicotinoid insecticides include but are not limited to clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz and thiamethoxam. Exemplary nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticides include but are not limited to nitenpyram and nithiazine. Exemplary pyridinylmethylamine neonicotinoid insecticides include but are not limited to acetamiprid, yidam, nitenpyram, pyrimidine and thiacloprid.

[0233] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a nereistoxin analog insecticide, such as, but not limited to, bensultap, cartap, polythialan, thiocyclam, and thiosultap.

[0234] In certain exemplary embodiments, the pesticide is an organochlorine pesticide, such as, but not limited to, bromo-DDT, toxaphene, DDT, pp'-DDT, ethyl-DDD, HCH, γ-HCH, lindane, methoxychlor, pentachlorophenol, and TDE. Organochlorine pesticides may also include cyclodiene pesticides, such as, but not limited to, aldrin, bromocyclen, chlorbicyclen, chlordane, chlordecone, dieldrin, dilor, endosulfan, alpha-endosulfan, endrin, HEOD, heptachlor, HHDN, isobenzan, isodrin, kelevan, and mirex.

[0235] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is an organophosphorus insecticide. The organophosphorus insecticide may include an organophosphate insecticide, such as, but not limited to, bromfenvinphos, calvinphos, chlorfenvinphos, crotoxyphos, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethylvinphos, fospirate, heptenophos, methocrotophos, mevinphos, monocrotophos, and chlorfenvinphos. os), naled, naftalofos, phosphamidon, propaphos, TEPP and tetrachlorvinphos; organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, dioxabenzofos, fosmethilan and phenthoate; aliphatic organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, acethion, acetophos, amiton, cadusafos, chlorpyrifos (chlorethoxyfos), chlormephos, demephion, demephion-O, demephion-S, demeton, demeton-O, demeton-S, demeton-methyl, demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon, disulfoton, ethion, ethoprophos, IPSP, isothioate, malathion, methacrifos, methylacetophos, oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton, phorate, sulfotep, terbufos and thiometon;aliphatic amide organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, amidithion, cyanthoate, dimethoate, ethoate-methyl, formothion, mecarbam, omethoate, prothoate, sophamide, and vamidothion; oxime organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, chlorphoxim, phoxim, and phoxim-methyl; heterocyclic organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, azamethiphos, colophonate, coumaphos, coumithoate, dioxathion, endothion, menazon, morphothion, phosalone, pyraclofos, pyrazothion, pyridaphenthion, quinothion; benzothiopyran organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, dithicrofos and thicrofos; benzotriazine organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, azinphos-ethyl and azinphos-methyl; isoindole organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, limited to dialifos and phosmet; isoxazole organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, isoxathion and zolaprofos; pyrazolopyrimidine organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, chlorprazophos and pyrazophos; pyridine organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl;Pyrimidine organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, butathiofos, diazinon, etrimfos, lirimfos, pirimioxyphos, pirimiphos-ethyl, pirimiphos-methyl, primidophos, pyrimitate, and tebupirimfos; quinoxaline organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, quinalphos, s) and quinalphos-methyl; thiadiazole organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, athidathion, lythidathion, methidathion, and prothidathion; triazole organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, isazofos and triazophos; phenyl organothiophosphate insecticides such as, but not limited to, azothoate, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, and thiazophos-methyl; s-ethyl), carbophenothion, chlorthiophos, cyanophos, cythioate, dicapthion, dichlofenthion, etaphos, famphur, fenchlorphos, fenitrothion, fensulfothion, fenthion, fenthion-ethyl, heterophos, jodfenphos, mesulfenfos, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenkapton, phosnichlor, profenofos, prothiofos, sulprofos, temephos, trichlormetaphos-3, trifenofos and nitrate.

[0236] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a phosphonate insecticide, such as, but not limited to, butoxyphosphine and triclosan.

[0237] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a phosphonothioate insecticide, such as, but not limited to, mecarphon. Phosphonothioate insecticides may also include ethyl phenylthiophosphonate insecticides, such as fonofos and trichloronat; and phenyl phenylthiophosphonate insecticides such as cyanofenphos, EPN, and leptophos.

[0238] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a phosphoramidate insecticide such as, but not limited to, crufomate, fenamiphos, fosthietan, mephosfolan, phosfolan, phosfolan-methyl, and pirimetaphos.

[0239] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a thiophosphoramidate insecticide, such as, but not limited to, acephate, chloramine phosphorus, isocarbophos, isofenphos, isofenphos-methyl, methamidophos, phosglycin, and propetamphos.

[0240] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a phosphorus diamide insecticide, such as, but not limited to, dimefox, mazidox, mipafox, and schradan.

[0241] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is an oxadiazine insecticide, such as, but not limited to, indoxacarb.

[0242] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is an oxadiazolone insecticide, such as, but not limited to, metoxadiazone.

[0243] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a phthalimide insecticide, such as, but not limited to, dialifos, phosmet, and tetramethrin.

[0244] In certain exemplary embodiments, the pesticide is a physical pesticide such as, but not limited to, maltodextrin, boric acid, diatomaceous earth, and silica gel.

[0245] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a pyrazole insecticide, such as, but not limited to, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyfluthrin, difenocarb, isolan, tebufenpyrad, fluazifop, and tolfenpyrad.

[0246] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a phenylpyrazole insecticide such as, but not limited to, acetoprole, ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole, pyrazocarb, and vaniliprole.

[0247] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a pyrethroid insecticide. Pyrethroid insecticides may include pyrethroids, pyrethroid ethers, and pyrethroid oximes. Exemplary pyrethroid insecticides include, but are not limited to, acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdépalléthrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, bromthrin, and threthrin. utethrin), chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-trans-chlorprallethrin, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithr in), fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin,meperfluthrin, methotrexate, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin thrin), proparthrin, pyresmethrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, and valerate. Exemplary pyrethroid insecticides include, but are not limited to, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, and silafluofen. Exemplary pyrethroid oxime insecticides include, but are not limited to, thiofenoxime and thiofluoxime. ,

[0248] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a pyrimidifen insecticide, such as, but not limited to, flufenerim and pyrimidifen.

[0249] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is an pyrrole insecticide, such as, but not limited to, chlorfenapyr.

[0250] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a quaternary ammonium insecticide, such as, but not limited to, sanguinarine.

[0251] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a sulfoximine insecticide, such as, but not limited to, sulfoxaflor.

[0252] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a tetramic acid insecticide, such as, but not limited to, spirotetramat.

[0253] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a tetronic acid insecticide, such as, but not limited to, spiromesifen.

[0254] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a thiazole insecticide, such as, but not limited to, clothianidin, clomethicone, thiamethoxam, and thiapronil.

[0255] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a thiazolidine insecticide, such as, but not limited to, thiamethoxam and thiacloprid.

[0256] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a thiourea insecticide, such as, but not limited to, diafenthiuron.

[0257] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a urea insecticide, such as, but not limited to, flucofuron and sulcofuron.

[0258] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is a zwitterionic insecticide such as, but not limited to, dicloromezotiaz and triflumezopyrim.

[0259] In certain exemplary embodiments, the insecticide is afidopyropen, afoxolaner, allosamidin, closantel, copper cyclohexane, crotamiton, EXD, fenazaflor, fenoxacrim, flometoquin, flonicamid, fluhexafon, flupyradifurone, fluralaner, fluoxazolidinone ... luxametamide), hydramethylnon, pyraclostrobin, sulfenhydrazone, malonoben, metaflumizone, nifluridide, plifenate, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, rafoxanide, thuringiensin, triarathene, triazamate, or a combination thereof.

[0260] 4. Plant Growth Regulators

[0261] In another exemplary embodiment, the one or more agricultural chemicals are one or more plant growth regulators. The plant growth regulators can include one or more plant growth regulator classes or plant growth regulators described further below.

[0262] In certain exemplary embodiments, the plant growth regulator is an auxin, such as, but not limited to, clofibric acid and 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid.

[0263] In certain exemplary embodiments, the plant growth regulator is an auxin such as, but not limited to, 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEP, dichlorprop, fenoprop, IAA, IBA, naphthylacetamide, α-naphthylacetic acid, 1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acid, potassium cyclopentaneate, sodium cyclopentaneate, and 2,4,5-T.

[0264] In certain exemplary embodiments, the plant growth regulator is a cytokinin, such as, but not limited to, 2iP, benzyl adenine, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, kinetin, and zeatin.

[0265] In certain exemplary embodiments, the plant growth regulator is a defoliant such as, but not limited to, calcium cyanamide, dimethipin, endothal, ethephon, merphos, methoxuron, pentachlorophenol, thidiazuron, and tribufos.

[0266] In certain exemplary embodiments, the plant growth regulator is an ethylene inhibitor, such as, but not limited to, aviglycine and 1-methylcyclopropene.

[0267] In certain exemplary embodiments, the plant growth regulator is an ethylene-releasing agent such as, but not limited to, ACC, vinylsilane, ethephon, and glyoxime.

[0268] In certain exemplary embodiments, the plant growth regulator is a gameticide, such as, but not limited to, fenridazon and maleic hydrazide.

[0269] In certain exemplary embodiments, the plant growth regulator is a gibberellin, such as, but not limited to, gibberellins and gibberellic acid.

[0270] In certain exemplary embodiments, the plant growth regulator is a growth inhibitor, such as, but not limited to, abscisic acid, ancymidol, butralin, carbaryl, chlorphonium, chlorphenamine, dikegulac, flumetralin, fluoridamid, phosphine, glyphosine, isopyrimol, jasmonic acid, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat, piproctanyl, prohydrojasmon, phenamine, phosphine, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid. Growth inhibitors may also include morphogens, such as, but not limited to, chlorfluren, chlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol, and flurenol.

[0271] In certain exemplary embodiments, the plant growth regulator is a growth retardant such as, but not limited to, chlormequat, daminozide, flurprimidol, mesotrione, paclobutrazol, tetcyclacis, and uniconazole.

[0272] In certain exemplary embodiments, the plant growth regulator is a growth stimulant such as, but not limited to, brassinolide, brassinolide-ethyl, DCPTA, forchlorfenuron, oxadiazine, prosuler, pyripropanol, and triacontanol.

[0273] In certain exemplary embodiments, the plant growth regulator is bachmedesh, benzofluor, buminafos, carvone, choline chloride, ciobutide, clofencet, cloxyfonac, cyanamide, cyclanilide, cycloheximide, cyprosulfamide, epocholeone, ethychlozate, ethylene, fuphenthiourea, furane, heptopargil, holosulf, inabenfide, karetazan, lead arsenate, sulfamethoxazole, prohexadione, bidanone, sintofen, triapenthenol, trinexapac, or a combination thereof.

[0274] 5. Bactericide

[0275] In another exemplary embodiment, the agricultural chemical is a bactericide. In certain exemplary embodiments, the bactericide is amicarthiazol, bismerthiazol, bronopol, cellocidin, chloramphenicol, copper hydroxide, cresol, dichlorophen, pyridinium, dodicin, ethionin, sodium sulfoxide, hexachlorophene, mercaptophen, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, kasugamycin, nitrapyrin, octhiothione, oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline, phenazine oxide, allylbenzazole, thiothiocarbamide, thiothiocarbamide, streptomycin, tecloftalam, thiothiocarbamide, thiomersal, octothiazolamide, zinc thiazole, or a combination thereof.

[0276] 6. Acaricide

[0277] In another exemplary embodiment, the agricultural chemical is a miticide. The miticide may include one or more miticide classes or individual miticides as further described below.

[0278] In certain exemplary embodiments, the acaricide is a bridged diphenyl acaricide such as, but not limited to, azobenzene, benzoximate, benzyl benzoate, bromopropylate, chlorbenside, chlorfenethol, chlorfenson, chlorfensulphide, chlorobenzilate, chloropropylate, cyflumetofen, DDT, dicofol, diphenyl sulfone, dofenapyn, fenson, fentrifanil, fluorbenside, genit, hexachlorophene, phenproxide, proclonol, tetradifon, and tetrasul.

[0279] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a carbamate miticide such as, but not limited to, benomyl, carbanolate, carbaryl, carbofuran, methiocarb, metolcarb, promacyl and propoxur, aldicarb, butanone, oxamyl, thiocarboxime and chlorpyrifos.

[0280] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a carbazinate miticide, such as, but not limited to, bifenazate.

[0281] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a dinitrophenol miticide, such as, but not limited to, binacarb, chlorfenapyr, diclofenac, diclofenac-4, diclofenac-6, diclofenac, nitropentyl, nitrobenzene, nitrobutyl, and DNOC.

[0282] In certain exemplary embodiments, the acaricide is a formamidine acaricide, such as, but not limited to, amitraz, chlordimeform, chloromebuform, chlorfenapyr, carbamiform, chlorfenapyr, and monoformamidine.

[0283] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a macrolide miticide, such as, but not limited to, tetracycline; an avermectin miticide, such as, but not limited to, avermectin, doramectin, epramectin, ivermectin, and selamectin; and a milbemycin miticide, such as, but not limited to, mitramectin, mitramectin oxime, and moxidectin.

[0284] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a mite growth regulator such as, but not limited to, clofentezine, cyromazine, diflovidazin, dofenapyn, fluazuron, flubenzimine, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, and hexythiazox.

[0285] In certain exemplary embodiments, the acaricide is an organochlorine acaricide such as, but not limited to, bromophenazine, toxaphene, DDT, dienochlor, endosulfan, and lindane.

[0286] In certain exemplary embodiments, the acaricide is an organophosphorus acaricide, such as, but not limited to, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, heptylphos, mefenphos, monocrotophos, dibromophos, TEPP, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, benophos, bromophos-ethyl, trithion, chlorpyrifos, chlormethion, kumaphos, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, chlormethion, chlorpyrifos, chlormethion, chlorpyrifos, chlormethion, chlormethion, chlormethion, chlormethion, chlormethion, chlormethion-O, chlormethion-S, methyl chlormethion, chlormethion-O-methyl, chlormethion-S-methyl, chlormethion, chlormethion, dimethoate, dimethoate, dimethoate, dimethoate , ethiophos, indole, ethion, yiguo, anguo, malathion, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, oxydemeton, oxychlorpyrifos, parathion, fenthion, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phostin, oximethion, methyl chlorpyrifos, ethidium, fruit, pyrimidinephos, quinalphos, quintiofos, Suguo, sulfurtepu, methyl ethiophos, triazophos, chlorpheniramine, aphidoxam, trichlorfon, chlorpyrifos, methyl chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, trichlorfon, chlorpyrifos, methyl chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, and octamethrin.

[0287] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is an organotin miticide, such as, but not limited to, azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, and tin triphosphate.

[0288] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a benzenesulfamide miticide, such as, but not limited to, diflubenzuron.

[0289] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a phthalimide miticide, such as, but not limited to, chlormet and thiomethide.

[0290] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a pyrazole miticide, such as, but not limited to, cyenopyrafen, fenpyroximate, pyflubumide, tebufenpyrad, acetoprole, fipronil, and methylfipronil.

[0291] In certain exemplary embodiments, the acaricide is a pyrethroid acaricide such as, but not limited to, acralthrin, bifenthrin, bromothrin, flucystrobin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, flucythrin, flumethrin, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, permethrin, and halofenprox.

[0292] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a pyrimidine miticide, such as, but not limited to, pyrimidinecarb.

[0293] In certain exemplary embodiments, the acaricide is an pyrrole acaricide, such as, but not limited to, chlorfenapyr.

[0294] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a quaternary ammonium miticide, such as, but not limited to, sanguinarine.

[0295] In certain exemplary embodiments, the acaricide is a quinoxaline acaricide, such as, but not limited to, chloranil and chloranil.

[0296] In certain exemplary embodiments, the acaricide is a strobilurin acaricide such as, but not limited to, pyfluostrobin, fluacrypyrim, flutoxifen, and pyriminostrobin.

[0297] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a sulfite miticide, such as, but not limited to, aramite and propargite.

[0298] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a tetronic acid miticide, such as, but not limited to, spirodiclofen.

[0299] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a tetrazine miticide, such as, but not limited to, clofentezine and fluazifop.

[0300] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a thiazolidine miticide, such as, but not limited to, fluazifop and hexythiazox.

[0301] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a thiocarbamate miticide, such as, but not limited to, fenothiocarb.

[0302] In certain exemplary embodiments, the miticide is a thiourea miticide, such as, but not limited to, chloromethiuron and diafenthiuron.

[0303] In certain exemplary embodiments, the acaricide is acequinocyl, afolan, amidoflumet, arsenic trioxide, clenpirin, closantel, crotamiton, cycloprate, cymiazole, disulfiram, etoxazole, anti-mite, fenazaquin, fluenetil, flurelana, mesulfen, MNAF, flufenac, nikkomycins, pyridaben, sulfiram, flufluram, sulfur, thuringin, fenamitropes, or a combination thereof.

[0304] This application also involves the following aspects:

[0305] 1. An agrochemical adjuvant composition for improving the effectiveness of an agrochemical, comprising an aqueous solution of one or more gums and optionally one or more components selected from the group consisting of a polyol, a migration aid, an emulsifier and a surfactant.

[0306] 2. A composition as described in claim 1, wherein the one or more gums are selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, konjac, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), methyl cellulose and pectin.

[0307] 3. A composition as described in item 1, wherein the one or more gums consist essentially of a blend of xanthan gum and konjac, CMC and HPMC, carrageenan and PGA or MC and pectin.

[0308] 4. A composition as described in item 3, wherein the one or more gums are xanthan gum and konjac.

[0309] 5. The composition of item 4, wherein the concentration of xanthan gum and konjac is 0.1-2.5% w / v.

[0310] 6. A composition as described in claim 3, wherein the one or more gums are CMC and HPMC.

[0311] 7. A composition as described in claim 6, wherein the concentration of CMC and HPMC is 0.1%-20% w / v.

[0312] 8. A composition as described in claim 3, wherein the one or more gums are carrageenan and PGA.

[0313] 9. A composition as described in claim 8, wherein the concentration of carrageenan and PGA is 0.1%-30% w / v.

[0314] 10. A composition as described in claim 3, wherein the one or more gums are MC and pectin.

[0315] 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the concentration of MC and pectin is 0.1%-30% w / v.

[0316] 12. A composition as described in any one of items 4-11, wherein the one or more gums are added in a 1:1 ratio

[0317] 13. The composition of any one of items 1 to 12, further comprising gum arabic.

[0318] 14. A composition as described in item 13, wherein the gum arabic is added at a concentration of 5-10% w / v.

[0319] 15. The composition of any one of items 1 to 14, further comprising maltodextrin.

[0320] 16. A composition as described in claim 15, wherein the concentration of maltodextrin is 0.6%-50% w / v.

[0321] 17. The composition of any one of items 1 to 14, further comprising a polyol.

[0322] 18. A composition as described in claim 17, wherein the concentration of the polyol is 0.6-50% w / v.

[0323] 19. A composition as described in item 17 or 18, wherein the polyol is a sugar alcohol.

[0324] 20. The composition of claim 19, wherein the sugar alcohol is arabitol, erythritol, glycerol, isomalt, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, or a combination thereof.

[0325] 21. The composition of any one of items 1 to 20, further comprising a migration aid.

[0326] 22. A composition as described in claim 21, wherein the concentration of the migration aid is 5%-17% w / v.

[0327] 23. A composition as described in item 21 or 22, wherein the migration aid comprises a short-chain linoleic acid molecule.

[0328] 24. A composition as described in claim 23, wherein the short-chain linoleic acid molecules are derived from hydrolyzed flax seeds or flax seed oil.

[0329] 25. The composition of any one of items 1 to 24, further comprising an emulsifier.

[0330] 26. A composition as described in claim 25, wherein the concentration of the emulsifier is 10%-40% w / v.

[0331] 27. A composition as described in item 25 or 26, wherein the emulsifier is selected from starch or gum arabic, which is untreated or treated with octenyl succinic acid, or a combination thereof.

[0332] 28. The composition of any one of items 1 to 27, further comprising a surfactant.

[0333] 29. A composition as described in claim 28, wherein the concentration of the surfactant is 1%-30% w / v.

[0334] 30. A composition as described in claim 28 or 29, wherein the surfactant is a Quillaja bark extract oil seed surfactant or an alkyl polyglycoside, or a combination thereof.

[0335] 31. An agrochemical composition comprising the adjuvant composition of any one of items 1 to 30 diluted in an aqueous solvent together with an effective amount of one or more agrochemicals.

[0336] 32. A composition as described in item 31, wherein the agricultural chemical is a herbicide, an insecticide, a fungicide, a plant growth regulator, a bactericide or a miticide.

[0337] 33. A composition as described in claim 32, wherein the one or more agricultural chemicals are one or more herbicides.

[0338] 34. The composition of claim 33, wherein the one or more herbicides are selected from the group consisting of dicamba, mesotrione, glyphosate, and combinations thereof.

[0339] 35. A method of improving the effectiveness of an agrochemical solution, comprising diluting the adjuvant composition of any one of items 1 to 34 in an aqueous solvent together with an effective amount of one or more agrochemicals, and applying the agrochemical solution to a target plant or crop location.

[0340] 36. A method of increasing the mean diameter of droplets in an agrochemical spray, comprising diluting the adjuvant composition of any one of items 1 to 30 in an aqueous solvent together with an effective amount of one or more agrochemicals, and distributing the agrochemical solution using a spray application.

[0341] 37. A method of reducing spray drift of an agrochemical spray, comprising diluting an adjuvant composition as described in any one of items 1 to 30 in an aqueous solvent together with an effective amount of one or more agrochemicals, and distributing the agrochemical solution to a target plant or crop location using a spray application.

[0342] 38. A method as described in any one of items 35 to 37, wherein the agricultural chemical consists of one or more herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators, bactericides or miticides.

[0343] 39. The method of any one of items 35 to 37, wherein the one or more agricultural chemicals are one or more herbicides.

[0344] 40. The method of any one of items 35 to 37, wherein the one or more agricultural chemicals are selected from the group consisting of dicamba, mesotrione, isopropylamine, glyphosate, and combinations thereof.

[0345] The present invention is further demonstrated by the following examples, which should not be interpreted in any way as limiting its scope. On the contrary, it should be clearly understood that many other embodiments, modifications and their equivalents can be taken means, which, after reading the description herein, can suggest those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and / or the scope of the appended claims.

[0346] Example

[0347] The ability of gum to build viscosity in water is related to its enhanced ability to bind and bind water in a way that slows down the evaporation of the solution. Although not limited by this theory, it is believed that this feature can be used to prepare agrochemical adjuvants that prevent the evaporation of active ingredients and increase the amount and time of keeping the active ingredients in contact with the target. A number of adjuvant formulations based on xanthan gum and konjac in dry powder form were prepared, blended at a 1:1 ratio and water was added to produce a concentrated solution of gum between 0.1 and 10%. The adjuvant was then further diluted in water to a number of final concentrations, which also contained a number of active herbicides at a treatment rate. The formulations tested are detailed in Tables 2a and 2b.

[0348] Table 2a

[0349]

[0350] Table 2b

[0351]

[0352] Gum-based adjuvant formulations with a number of active agrochemicals were tested, including isopropylamine and a combination treatment with mesotrione and dicamba. The adjuvant formulations were mixed with the agrochemicals (i.e., the active formulations) and sprayed on Spathiphyllum and Hydrangea to determine if the adjuvant combination could work on a variety of leaf types, Spathiphyllum being smooth and Hydrangea being hairy. The active formulations were sprayed until runoff and the active ingredient residues remaining on the leaves were measured by gas chromatography or HPLC after drying for six hours. This was done by taking a 15 / 16" diameter leaf disk sample from each plant after treatment and drying, dipping the leaf samples in water, filtering out the solids and analyzing the liquid to determine the amount of active ingredient residue in each sample. In an earlier study, gum-based adjuvants were compared to two commercially available agrochemical adjuvants. and The ability of N100 to deposit residue on the leaves. Figure 1 –3 shows that the performance of the test formulation used is equivalent to or exceeds the commercially available standard in terms of residue deposition. Fig.15 Similar data are shown for low adjuvant concentrations. Fig.17 Shown is a comparison between residue deposition on the spray card and the level of weed control when the same composition was applied to Abutilon.

[0353] Importantly, a significant advantage of gum-based adjuvant formulations is that such formulations are more environmentally friendly than those adjuvant formulations typically contained in existing commercial products. For example, is a latex-based product that leaves latex in the environment when sprayed on crops, and latex is not biodegradable. N100 contains nonylphenol ethoxylates, which can be metabolized to nonylphenol. The bioaccumulation level of nonylphenol ethoxylates is moderate and is highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and is currently the target of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) action plan to reduce the amount of these compounds allowed to enter the environment. In another aspect, the gum-based adjuvant formulations described herein are readily soluble in water and are safe to the environment.

[0354] One class of ingredients used in combination with xanthan gum and konjac consists of dispersing agents. During testing of gum blends of varying concentrations, it was noted that some of the higher concentrations tested required extensive stirring to get into solution in the bucket mix, a combination of water with active agrochemicals and adjuvants that farmers prepare for crop protection. In some cases, it is desirable to only require slow stirring to get all of the bucket mix components into solution. One class of dispersants identified as being suitable for this purpose is polyols.

[0355] It has been observed that polyols such as sugar alcohols, in addition to improving the ability of gum concentrates to disperse in water, can also alter the surface energy of diluted gum solutions so that these solutions can spread over the surface area of ​​a target (such as a leaf), thereby covering more leaf surface / application volume than a solution containing the same gum composition without the polyol component. For example, formulation TW4 contains the sugar alcohol glycerol, from Figure 4 It can be seen that glycerol allowed the xanthan gum and konjac blend to spread over a larger surface area after droplet addition to the polyethylene surface, especially when used in combination with the natural surfactant Quillaja bark extract. Figure 5 As can be seen from the figure, both TW4 and TW5 exhibited dynamic surface tension properties similar to those of water, while commercial adjuvants and Li All exhibited a rapid decrease in dynamic surface tension compared to water. This means that gum-based adjuvants do not diffuse across surfaces as easily as the commercial adjuvants studied. Instead, gum-based adjuvants tend to bead up like water and retain more water. Therefore, when dissolved agrochemicals are applied with gum-based adjuvants, the agrochemicals deposited in droplets are better able to resist evaporation and runoff. See also Fig.14 .

[0356] Figure 6 This observation is further explained in the illustration in Figure 2. Two seconds after applying a 100 mL drop of TW4 or TW5, high-speed filming was used to measure the contact angle where the drop met the polyethylene surface. Compared to the commercial standard used, the adjuvant behaved more like water. This data is shown in Figure 2. Figure 7 , which shows that the contact angle of the commercial standard is much smaller than that of water or gum-based adjuvants.

[0357] These observations led to additional experiments with selected active ingredients designed to identify the most effective formulations in terms of "open time," defined as the time the active ingredient remains in solution on the leaf surface and is ingested in the case of herbicides, or available for contact in the case of insecticides and fungicides. Open time is a function of coverage of the target leaves and evaporation time, and is therefore greatest when a large area of ​​the target remains in contact with the active ingredient formulation, when evaporation time is increased, and the formulation is able to resist rain washoff.

[0358] Preliminary studies were conducted using a number of commercially available herbicides at their recommended use rates. Because, in the absence of diffusion, it was likely that more active herbicide would be deposited on either Spathiphyllum or Hydrangea, it was concluded that the adjuvant's function as a deposition aid stemmed from the high dynamic surface tension of the test formulations. To test this hypothesis, a number of gum-based adjuvant formulations were sprayed from a height of two feet onto spray cards using a number of pressures and application rates similar to those utilized by farmers in the field. Spray cards are small square cards that change color when the spray is deposited on their surface, which then allows one to perform a visual or photometric analysis to determine which formulation best covers the card with the spray droplets. Applicants compared the ability of TW4 to cover the card. and LI In most cases, TW4 performed comparable to these commercial products when sprayed at 30–40 pounds per square inch (psi) using a treatment rate of 10–20 gpa. Applicants also studied the performance of TW5 and TW7 relative to commercial standards, this time with mesotrione in the formulation. Again, the performance of TW4 was comparable to these commercial products when sprayed at 30–40 pounds per square inch (psi) using a treatment rate of 10–20 gpa. Figure 8 and 9 As can be seen in the Figure 2, the performance of these adjuvants is similar to that of the commercial standards.

[0359] Another feature of gum-based adjuvant disclosed herein is derived from its thixotropic property. When sprayed under pressure, the dissolved gum is shear-thinned when leaving the nozzle, but becomes more viscous once ejected. This means that a large part of the spray droplets will coalesce, causing a large part of the spray to be composed of large droplets and fine droplets to decrease. This is particularly important in drift control, which has attracted great attention from the EPA. In other words, the EPA hopes to reduce the off-target application of required agricultural chemicals, and the agricultural chemicals sprayed drift to the off-target crops grown on the adjacent land and will be subject to relevant penalties.

[0360] The gum-based adjuvants disclosed herein can significantly reduce drift by virtue of their ability to increase the percentage of the spray that consists of large droplets. Fig.10 and 11 The total number of droplets with a diameter of 100 microns or larger compared to water is shown to increase. TW5 not only shows a reduction in small droplets or "fine droplets", but also an increase in large droplets, which is key to reducing drift. In addition, Fig.12 The reduction in droplets compared to water when sprayed at up to 40 psi is shown, with performance equivalent to the commercial standard tested.

[0361] Another attribute of the present invention is washoff resistance. When it rains, the agrochemicals previously applied and sprayed on the crops are washed off the leaves and therefore no longer act on the target. TWO was sprayed on the leaves of Spathiphyllum and Hydrangea until runoff and then allowed to dry for six hours. At this time, samples were collected as previously described in this application. An additional step of providing 2.5 inches of simulated rainfall to other samples before collection was added to see if TWO could prevent the isopropylamine contained in the formulation from being washed off. In terms of washoff resistance, the performance of TWO is equivalent to or better than See also Fig.13 . Additional formulations were prepared throughout the study to identify optional components that could be added to the gum concentrates with or without polyols prior to dilution and processing. For example, in some cases, it was observed that although the total herbicide residue present on the leaves was high, there was no direct correlation between the residue and plant mortality, indicating that the components used in the adjuvant formulation may have blocked migration from the leaves to the roots. A technique that can be used to overcome this problem is to add a migration aid. The basic characteristics of a migration aid used with herbicides are low molecular weight and some charge. An example of a migration aid is a substance derived from linseed such as hydrolyzed linseed or linseed oil, which contains short-chain linoleic acid molecules that can interact with the active ingredient to promote migration, where the migration has been inhibited by the large gum molecules.

[0362] Another improvement in adjuvant formulations is to include an emulsifier in the formulation to keep the solid components that interact with the active ingredient uniformly dispersed in water. Starch or gum arabic chemically treated with octenylsuccinic acid in small amounts, as well as Quillaja bark, are examples of emulsifiers used for this purpose.

[0363] The control of velvetleaf after treatment with an agrochemical application solution (comprising a combination of mesotrione and dicamba and an exemplary adjuvant formulation described herein) was evaluated. The agrochemical application solution was applied at full rate, half rate, and the plants were exposed to simulated rainfall. The full rate mesotrione and dicamba were 3 and 16 fl oz / A, respectively. The half rate mesotrione and dicamba were 1.5 and 8 fl oz / A, respectively. Six hours after treatment, 0.25 inches of simulated rainfall was applied to all plants treated at the full rate. Fig.21 As shown, agrochemical solutions containing the exemplary adjuvant formulations showed comparable or improved weed control and washoff resistance.

[0364] Example 2

[0365] The effectiveness of spray drift control of gum-based adjuvant systems was tested using guidelines provided by the EPA. The guidelines are published on the EPA website: https: / / www.epa.gov / sites / production / files / 2016-04 / documents / drt-protocol_04-21-2016-v2.pdf. Following EPA guidance, the adjuvant and water spray solutions were analyzed using a Sympatec Helos Vario KR particle size analyzer. The instrument was equipped with an R7 lens and is capable of detecting particle sizes in the range of 18 to 3500 microns. The system uses laser diffraction to determine the particle size distribution. The width of the nozzle spray was analyzed by moving the nozzle through the laser with the help of a linear actuator. All tests were conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel at 15 mph. The quality objectives of this test included recording the volume median diameter (VMD), droplet diameter at 0.1 times the spray volume fraction (DV0.1), and at 0.9 times the spray volume fraction (Dv0.9). DV0.1 and Dv0.9 represent the measured values ​​below which 10% and 90% of the droplet diameters fall, respectively. In addition, droplet size data should also include the volume percentages of droplets ≤ 105 μm and ≤ 141 μm. Exemplary adjuvant compositions tested are summarized in Table 3 below.

[0366] The wind tunnel test data are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

[0367] These data show that, compared with water, gum-based adjuvant systems can significantly reduce the minimum droplet size fraction (DV0.1) and increase VMD. In addition, compared with currently available adjuvant systems, the specific gum combination used in the adjuvant formulations tested can significantly reduce the volume represented by the minimum droplet size fraction (DV0.1). The reduction of the minimum size droplet volume and the transition to large-size droplets will help reduce off-target drift. Additional test data are shown in Table 6, and the final application rate is provided.

[0368] Table 3

[0369]

[0370]

[0371] Table 4

[0372]

[0373] Table 5

[0374]

[0375] Table 6

[0376]

Claims

1. An agrochemical adjuvant composition for improving the effectiveness of an agrochemical, consisting of an aqueous solution of one or more gums and optionally one or more components selected from the group consisting of a polyol and a migration aid; wherein the one or more gums are a blend of xanthan gum and konjac.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the concentration of xanthan gum and konjac is 0.1-2.5% w / v.

3. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the one or more gums are added in a 1:1 ratio.

4. The composition of claim 1, further comprising gum arabic.

5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the gum arabic is added at a concentration of 5-10% w / v.

6. An agrochemical composition comprising the adjuvant composition of any one of claims 1 to 5 diluted in an aqueous solvent together with an effective amount of one or more agrochemicals.

7. The agricultural chemical composition according to claim 6, wherein the agricultural chemical is a herbicide, an insecticide, a fungicide, a plant growth regulator, a bactericide or a miticide.

8. The agrochemical composition of claim 7, wherein the one or more agrochemicals are one or more herbicides.

9. The agricultural chemical composition of claim 8, wherein the one or more herbicides are selected from the group consisting of dicamba, mesotrione, glyphosate, and combinations thereof.

10. A method of improving the effectiveness of an agrochemical solution comprising diluting the adjuvant composition of any one of claims 1 to 5 in an aqueous solvent together with an effective amount of one or more agrochemicals and applying the agrochemical solution to a target plant or crop location.

11. A method of increasing the mean diameter of droplets in an agrochemical spray comprising diluting the adjuvant composition of any one of claims 1 to 5 in an aqueous solvent together with an effective amount of one or more agrochemicals and dispensing the agrochemical solution using a spray application.

12. A method of reducing spray drift of an agrochemical spray comprising diluting the adjuvant composition of any one of claims 1 to 5 in an aqueous solvent together with an effective amount of one or more agrochemicals and distributing the agrochemical solution to a target plant or crop location using a spray application.

13. The method of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the agrochemical consists of one or more herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators, bactericides or miticides.

14. The method of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the one or more agricultural chemicals are one or more herbicides.

15. The method of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the one or more agricultural chemicals are selected from the group consisting of dicamba, mesotrione, metolachlor, glyphosate, and combinations thereof.

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