Small soil collecting vehicle suitable for multiple terrains

Abstract

The invention discloses a small soil collection vehicle suitable for multiple terrains, and aims to improve the efficiency and accuracy of soil sample information collection. The small soil collecting vehicle comprises a vehicle body, a transmission system, a walking mechanism, a drilling mechanism and a detection mechanism, so that stable operation in a complex environment is ensured. The walking mechanism adopts a crawler-type design, has good terrain adaptability and stability, and is particularly suitable for being used in rugged and uneven terrains. And the transmission system adopts a direct-connection speed reducer transmission scheme, so that the transmission efficiency and precision are ensured, and the maintenance cost is reduced. The drilling mechanism is used in cooperation with the lead screw guide rail pair, efficient drilling operation is achieved, and soil microelements are accurately detected through the detection mechanism. And the whole system is remotely operated, so that the influence on the environment and ecology is small. The soil collecting vehicle is compact in structure, light in weight and high in operation efficiency, and has remarkable economical efficiency and social benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a small soil collection vehicle suitable for multiple terrains, which aims to improve the efficiency and accuracy of soil information collection and is suitable for soil sampling and information acquisition in complex soil environments. Background Art

[0002] Soil is the foundation of agricultural production and an important component of the balance of the ecosystem. However, existing soil information collection technologies have problems such as slow collection speed and low efficiency, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of modern agriculture for fast and accurate acquisition of soil information. In foreign countries, especially in some countries with a high level of agricultural mechanization, research and development of various soil collection equipment have long begun. For example, the American company Deere & Company designed an intelligent soil information collection vehicle as early as the beginning of the 21st century. It has a complete drive system and control unit, and can analyze soil composition through multi-probe sampling and micro-laboratories.

[0003] In contrast, my country started late in the field of agricultural intelligence. Although China has begun to pay attention to and invest in the research and development of soil collection equipment in recent years, such as the Northwest A&F University and Su Yan's team designed a mobile soil information detection platform and a wheeled field information collection vehicle, there are still problems such as insufficient mobility, poor adaptability, and low automation level. Existing soil collection vehicles are difficult to operate stably under complex terrain conditions, and lack the ability to efficiently detect and accurately analyze soil information. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a small soil collection vehicle suitable for multiple terrains with high working stability and detection efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a small soil collection vehicle suitable for multiple terrains. The drilling work and the collection work are carried out separately, and the up and down movement of the drill bit and the detection head is realized by a screw guide pair.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A small soil collection vehicle suitable for multiple terrains, whose structure includes components such as a frame, a transmission system, a walking mechanism, a drilling mechanism and a detection mechanism, so as to realize efficient sampling and information collection of farmland soil under different terrains. When the vehicle is running, the driving motor drives the driving wheels on both sides to rotate, and the driving wheels drive the tracks to move, thereby controlling the movement of the vehicle body, and the steering process is achieved through the differential movement of the tracks on both sides. During operation, the control motor is started, and the motor shaft transmits power to the drill bit in the key connection, and cooperates with the screw guide pair to move up and down to operate. After the drilling is completed, the detection mechanism controls the motor to start, and the motor shaft transmits power to the detection head in the key connection to rotate, and cooperates with the screw guide pair to move up and down to detect various soil indicators.

[0007] Furthermore, the driving wheel is installed at the rear of the trolley, and the power is transmitted to the crawler track through the transmission shaft. The driving wheel is closely meshed with the crawler track to improve the power transmission efficiency and ensure the stability and uniformity of the trolley during driving. The crawler track is made of rubber material to minimize damage to the ground while ensuring wear resistance and rigidity. The crawler track is used to evenly distribute the weight of the trolley to the ground and provide sufficient driving force to ensure that the trolley can travel normally in various complex terrains and environments. The road wheels are reasonably arranged according to the length of the crawler track, mainly used to effectively transmit the weight of the trolley to the crawler track, and prevent it from sliding or falling off laterally while clamping the crawler track. The guide wheel adjusts the tension of the crawler track through the tensioning device to prevent the crawler track from running off and ensure the driving stability and normal operation of the trolley.

[0008] Furthermore, the drill bit is fixed on the screw guide pair through an electric push rod. Under the drive of the motor, the drill bit is driven by the screw guide pair to move up and down along the guide rail to realize the drilling operation. The drill bit adopts a square hole drill to adapt to the shape and size of the soil sensor, and is made of 45 steel material with excellent strength, rigidity, corrosion resistance and wear resistance. The screw guide pair includes components such as a motor, a synchronous belt, a ball screw, a guide rail, a guide rail fixing plate, a bumper and a screw seat. It is driven by a motor to realize the vertical movement of the drilling mechanism and the detection mechanism to facilitate the completion of drilling and sampling work.

[0009] Furthermore, the detection head is also fixed to another screw guide pair through another electric push rod, and driven by the motor, the detection head is driven to sink along the guide direction through the screw guide pair to realize the collection work; the shape of the sensor is cylindrical, which is convenient for moving up and down in the soil layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the frame is divided into an upper frame and a lower frame. The upper frame is used to install the detection mechanism, the drilling mechanism and the lead screw guide pair, and the lower frame is used to install the walking mechanism and the power source. The frame is made of high-strength and tough materials to ensure the stability and impact resistance of the vehicle.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0012] (1) The crawler structure has good grip and stability and is suitable for a variety of complex terrains, such as muddy, sandy and uneven farmland. The rubber material of the crawler ensures wear resistance and rigidity while reducing damage to the ground, ensuring that the collection vehicle can travel smoothly in various environments.

[0013] (2) The close engagement between the driving wheel and the crawler track improves the power transmission efficiency. Combined with the rationally arranged road wheels and guide wheels, the collection vehicle can maintain uniformity and stability during driving, avoiding lateral sliding or falling off of the crawler track, thereby improving the overall operation reliability.

[0014] (3) The drilling mechanism realizes the precise up and down movement of the drill bit through the cooperation of the electric push rod and the screw guide pair. The square hole drill bit not only adapts to the shape of the soil sensor, but also uses 45 steel material with excellent mechanical properties to ensure durability and accuracy during the drilling process.

[0015] (4) The detection mechanism can adjust the depth of the detection head by driving the electric push rod. The cylindrical detection head can smoothly enter the soil layer and collect a variety of key soil information, which is more intelligent.

[0016] (5) The collection vehicle can automatically complete drilling and collection tasks, reducing the need for human intervention, improving work efficiency and ease of operation, and is suitable for long-term, continuous soil information collection in large areas of farmland or in complex environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure, 1. Screw guide pair 2. Fixing part 3. Electric push rod 4. T-screw 5. Inspection head fixing part 6. Inspection head 7. Driving wheel 8. Track 9. Road wheel 10. Inducing wheel 11. Drill bit 12. Coupling 13. Motor 14. Frame.

[0021] Figure 2 It is an overall three-dimensional diagram of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the drilling mechanism structure.

[0023] In the figure, 1. motor 2. mounting plate 3. mounting base 4. drill bit.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the detection mechanism structure.

[0025] In the figure, 1. motor 2. detection head fixing part 3. mounting base 4. detection head 5. mounting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] exist Figure 1During the operation, the driving motor drives the driving wheels on both sides to rotate, and the driving wheels drive the tracks to move, thereby controlling the movement of the vehicle body. The steering process is achieved through the differential movement of the tracks on both sides. During operation, the control motor is started, and the motor shaft transmits power to the drill bit in the key connection, and the screw guide pair moves up and down to operate. After the drilling is completed, the detection mechanism controls the motor to start, and the motor shaft transmits power to the detection head in the key connection to rotate, and the screw guide pair moves up and down to detect various soil indicators.

Claims

1. A small soil collection vehicle suitable for multiple terrains is composed of a vehicle frame, a transmission system, a traveling mechanism, a drilling mechanism and a detection mechanism, wherein the traveling mechanism includes a driving wheel (7), a crawler track (8), a road wheel (9) and a guide wheel (10), the transmission system adopts a driving motor directly connected to a reducer transmission scheme, the drilling mechanism includes a screw guide pair (1), a fixing member (2), an electric push rod (3), a T-shaped screw (4), a drill bit (11), a coupling (12) and a motor (13); the detection mechanism includes a screw guide pair (1), a fixing member (2), an electric push rod (3), a T-shaped screw (4), a detection head fixing member (5) and a detection head (6); a battery and a control system are installed in the vehicle frame (14). The entire system is operated by remote control, the driving motor drives the driving wheels (7) on both sides to rotate, the driving wheels drive the crawler track (8) to move, thereby controlling the movement of the vehicle body, and the steering process is achieved by the differential movement of the crawler tracks on both sides. During operation, the motor (13) is controlled to start, and the motor shaft transmits power to the drill bit (11) in the key connection, and cooperates with the screw guide pair (1) to move up and down to perform operation. After the drilling is completed, the detection mechanism controls the motor to start, and the motor shaft transmits power to the detection head (6) in the key connection to rotate, and cooperates with the screw guide pair (1) to move up and down to detect various soil indicators.

2. A traveling mechanism in a small soil collection vehicle suitable for multiple terrains, characterized by: The driving wheel is installed at the rear of the trolley, and the power is transmitted to the crawler track through the transmission shaft. The driving wheel and the crawler track are meshed with each other to improve the power transmission efficiency and ensure the uniformity of the trolley during movement; the crawler track is used to transmit the weight of the trolley to the ground and provide sufficient driving force to drive the trolley to move normally in various terrains and environments. The crawler track is made of rubber material to reduce damage to the ground while ensuring wear resistance and rigidity; the road wheel is used to transmit the weight of the trolley to the crawler track and clamp the crawler track to prevent it from sliding laterally or falling off. The arrangement of the road wheel is determined according to the length of the crawler track and is designed to prevent mutual interference between the road wheel, guide wheel and driving wheel; the guide wheel is used to correctly guide the operation of the crawler track, and adjust the tension of the crawler track through the tensioning device to prevent the crawler track from running off and maintain the normal movement of the trolley.

3. A drilling mechanism in a small soil collection vehicle suitable for multiple terrains, characterized by: The drill bit is fixed to the screw guide pair through an electric push rod, and driven by the motor, the drill bit is driven up and down along the guide rail through the screw guide pair to realize the drilling operation; the drill bit is used for drilling, and a square hole drill is selected to adapt to the shape and size of the soil sensor used. The drill bit material is 45 steel, which has good strength, rigidity, corrosion resistance and wear resistance; the screw guide pair is driven by a motor, specifically including a motor, a synchronous belt, a ball screw, a guide rail, a guide rail fixing plate, an anti-collision block and a screw seat. The screw guide pair is used to transport the drilling mechanism and the detection mechanism to the lower end of the vehicle body for drilling and collection work.

4. A detection mechanism in a small soil collection vehicle suitable for multiple terrains, characterized by: The electric push rod is used to fix the detection head to the screw guide pair, and under the drive of the motor, the detection head is driven to sink along the guide direction through the screw guide pair to realize the collection work; the shape of the sensor is cylindrical, which is convenient for moving up and down in the soil layer.

5. A frame for a small soil collection vehicle suitable for multiple terrains, characterized by: The frame is divided into upper and lower frames. The upper frame is used to install the detection mechanism, drilling mechanism and screw guide pair, and the lower frame is used to install the travel mechanism and power source. The frame is made of high-strength and tough materials to ensure the stability and impact resistance of the vehicle.

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