Carbon-based bio-fertilizer, preparation method thereof and application of carbon-based bio-fertilizer in prevention and treatment of tomato bacterial wilt

Abstract

The invention provides a carbon-based bio-fertilizer, a preparation method thereof and application of the carbon-based bio-fertilizer in prevention and treatment of tomato bacterial wilt, and belongs to the technical field of biological prevention and treatment of plant diseases. The carbon-based bio-fertilizer for preventing and treating tomato bacterial wilt is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 to 28 parts of livestock manure, 10 to 15 parts of straw, 10 to 15 parts of mushroom dregs, 10 to 15 parts of charcoal, 6 to 9 parts of medicine dregs, 8 to 12 parts of potassium humate, 6 to 8 parts of pine sawdust, 3 to 6 parts of microbial agent and 4 to 6 parts of attapulgite powder. The microbial agent comprises paecilomyces lilacinus, streptomyces microflavus, bacillus megatherium, lactobacillus plantarum and photosynthetic bacteria. The carbon-based bio-fertilizer for preventing and treating tomato bacterial wilt is composed of different organic wastes and specific microbial flora, is not easy to generate drug resistance, can quickly form dominant flora after being applied to soil, and can effectively antagonize tomato bacterial wilt pathogenic bacteria and prevent and treat tomato bacterial wilt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biological control of plant diseases, and in particular to a carbon-based biological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof and application thereof in controlling tomato bacterial wilt. Background Art

[0002] Tomatoes are rich in carotene, vitamin C and B vitamins, and have high nutritional value. They can be used as vegetables or fruits, and can be eaten raw or cooked. They can also be used to make products such as tomato sauce, tomato juice and diced tomatoes. Tomatoes are rich in lycopene, which has strong antioxidant capacity, can lower blood pressure, clear away heat and detoxify, and can be further processed into health products with high economic value.

[0003] Tomato bacterial wilt is a disease caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum that occurs in tomatoes and mainly occurs in wounds at the roots of crops. It invades the host through wounds at the roots or stem bases, reproduces in the vascular bundles after invasion, spreads upward, and causes the vascular bundles to turn brown and rot. The stems and leaves wilt due to lack of normal water supply. It is an important soil-borne disease in tomato production. When the disease is severe, it can lead to the destruction of the entire garden, seriously affecting tomato yield. At present, there are few prevention and control measures for tomato bacterial wilt, and the effect is poor. Therefore, it is hoped to provide a method for preventing and controlling tomato bacterial wilt to ensure the normal growth of tomatoes. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling tomato bacterial wilt.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a charcoal-based biofertilizer for preventing and treating tomato bacterial wilt, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 to 28 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 10 to 15 parts of straw, 10 to 15 parts of fungus residue, 10 to 15 parts of biochar, 6 to 9 parts of medicinal residue, 8 to 12 parts of potassium humate, 6 to 8 parts of pine sawdust, 3 to 6 parts of microbial agent and 4 to 6 parts of attapulgite powder;

[0007] The microbial agents include Paecilomyces lilacinus, Streptomyces tenuiflavotus, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus plantarum and photosynthetic bacteria.

[0008] Preferably, the mass ratio of Paecilomyces lilacinus, Streptomyces tenuiflavus, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus plantarum and photosynthetic bacteria is 1-1.5:1-1.5:0.5-1:0.5-1:0.5-1.

[0009] Preferably, the carbon content of the biochar is ≥65%; the medicinal residues are composed of angelica residues, Codonopsis pilosula residues and Astragalus membranaceus residues in a dry weight ratio of 1-2:2-3:2-5.

[0010] The invention provides a method for preparing the carbon-based biofertilizer, comprising the following steps: mixing poultry and livestock manure, straw, fungus residue, biochar, potassium humate, pine sawdust and attapulgite powder, performing a first fermentation, then adding medicinal residue, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus plantarum and photosynthetic bacteria for a second fermentation, and after the second fermentation is completed, adding Paecilomyces lilacinus and Streptomyces tenuifolius to obtain the carbon-based biofertilizer.

[0011] Preferably, the first fermentation is compost fermentation with a humidity of 65-70%. When the compost temperature reaches 60-65° C., the compost is turned for the first time, and then turned every 5-7 days for a total fermentation of 60-65 days.

[0012] Preferably, the second fermentation is carried out at 33-37° C. for 5-7 days.

[0013] Preferably, the effective viable count of the Paecilomyces lilacinus is 10 7 ~10 9 The effective viable bacteria count of the Streptomyces pyogenes is 10 7 ~10 9 The effective viable bacteria count of Bacillus megaterium is 10 7 ~10 9 The effective viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum is 10 7 ~10 9 The effective number of living bacteria of the photosynthetic bacteria is 10 7 ~10 9 Pieces / g.

[0014] The invention also provides application of the carbon-based biological fertilizer in preventing and controlling tomato bacterial wilt.

[0015] Preferably, the method for preventing and controlling tomato bacterial wilt is: fertilizing twice, the first fertilization is to mix the charcoal-based biofertilizer as a base fertilizer with the soil and till the soil 20 to 30 days before tomato planting; the second fertilization is to spread the charcoal-based biofertilizer into the field 15 to 20 days after the tomato seedlings are planted as a topdressing.

[0016] Preferably, the amount of fertilizer applied in the first fertilization is 220-250 kg / mu; the mixing ratio of the charcoal-based biofertilizer to the soil is 1.5-2:1, and the tillage depth is 10-15 cm; the amount of topdressing in the second fertilization is 30-45 kg / mu.

[0017] The present invention provides a carbon-based biofertilizer for preventing and treating tomato bacterial wilt, which can effectively prevent and treat tomato bacterial wilt, and has an outstanding prevention and treatment effect. Since it is composed of different organic wastes and specific microbial flora, it is not easy to produce drug resistance. The present invention uses different microbial agents to carry out fermentation at different stages, which can be beneficial to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, and can quickly form a dominant flora after being applied to the soil. Beneficial microorganisms such as Paecilomyces lilacinus, Streptomyces tenuiflavotus and Bacillus megaterium in the present invention can effectively antagonize tomato bacterial wilt pathogens. The drug components in the present invention still contain a very small amount of active ingredients after extraction and processing, as well as cordycepic acid, fat, protein, crude fiber and other ingredients. After fermentation, the content of active ingredients can be increased, and the decomposition of macromolecular substances can be promoted, which can in turn promote the growth of beneficial bacteria such as photosynthetic bacteria. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In the present invention, Paecilomyces lilacinus was purchased from Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Streptomyces tenuifolius and Bacillus megaterium were purchased from Shandong Nuojie Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lactobacillus plantarum was purchased from Shanghai Zhongfeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and photosynthetic bacteria were purchased from Hebei Annuo Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. The effective viable count of Paecilomyces lilacinus was 10 8 / g; the effective viable count of Streptomyces pyogenes is 2×10 8 / g; the effective viable count of Bacillus megaterium is 10 8 / g; the effective viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum is 2×10 8 / g; the effective number of living bacteria of photosynthetic bacteria is 10 9 Pieces / g.

[0019] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] A carbon-based biofertilizer for preventing and treating tomato bacterial wilt comprises the following steps: 25 parts of chicken manure, 15 parts of corn stalks, 10 parts of Agaricus bisporus residues, 15 parts of biochar (with a carbon content of ≥65%), 12 parts of potassium humate, 8 parts of pine sawdust and 5 parts of attapulgite powder are mixed, the humidity is adjusted to 68%, and composting and fermentation is performed. When the compost temperature reaches 62°C, the compost is turned for the first time, and then the compost is turned every 5 days for a total of 65 days. Then, 2 parts of angelica residues, 2 parts of codonopsis residues, 5 parts of astragalus residues, 1 part of bacillus megaterium, 1 part of lactobacillus plantarum and 1 part of photosynthetic bacteria are added for a second fermentation, and the fermentation is performed at 35°C for 5 days. After the second fermentation is completed, 1.5 parts of Paecilomyces lilacinus and 1.5 parts of Streptomyces tenuifolius are added to adjust the total effective live bacteria count in the carbon-based biofertilizer to 4×10 9 Pieces / g, you get it.

[0022] Example 2

[0023] A carbon-based biofertilizer for preventing and treating tomato bacterial wilt comprises the following steps: 22 parts of chicken manure, 15 parts of corn stalks, 15 parts of Agaricus bisporus residues, 15 parts of biochar (with a carbon content of ≥65%), 8 parts of potassium humate, 6 parts of pine sawdust and 4 parts of attapulgite powder are mixed, the humidity is adjusted to 65%, and composting and fermentation is performed. When the compost temperature reaches 65°C, the compost is turned for the first time, and then the compost is turned every 5 to 7 days for a total of 65 days. Then, 1 part of angelica residue, 2 parts of codonopsis residue, 3 parts of astragalus residue, 1 part of bacillus megaterium, 0.5 part of lactobacillus plantarum and 0.5 part of photosynthetic bacteria are added for a second fermentation, and the fermentation is performed at 35°C for 7 days. After the second fermentation is completed, 1 part of Paecilomyces lilacinus and 1 part of Streptomyces tenuifolius are added to adjust the total effective viable bacteria count in the carbon-based biofertilizer to 3×10 9 Pieces / g, you get it.

[0024] Example 3

[0025] A carbon-based biofertilizer for preventing and treating tomato bacterial wilt comprises the following steps: 28 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of corn stalks, 12 parts of Agaricus bisporus residues, 13 parts of biochar (with a carbon content of ≥65%), 10 parts of potassium humate, 8 parts of pine sawdust and 6 parts of attapulgite powder are mixed, the humidity is adjusted to 70%, and composting and fermentation is performed. When the compost temperature reaches 65°C, the compost is turned for the first time, and then the compost is turned every 5 days for a total of 60 days. Then, 1 part of angelica residue, 3 parts of codonopsis residue, 5 parts of astragalus residue, 1 part of bacillus megaterium, 0.5 part of lactobacillus plantarum and 1 part of photosynthetic bacteria are added for a second fermentation, and the fermentation is performed at 35°C for 7 days. After the second fermentation is completed, 1.5 parts of Paecilomyces lilacinus and 1 part of Streptomyces tenuifolius are added to adjust the total effective viable bacteria count in the carbon-based biofertilizer to 4×10 9 Pieces / g, you get it.

[0026] Example 4

[0027] 20 days before transplanting tomatoes, the charcoal-based bio-fertilizer described in Example 1 was applied to the soil as basal fertilizer, with an application rate of 250 kg / mu, mixed with the soil in a ratio of 1:1 and plowed to a depth of 15 cm; the second fertilization was 20 days after the tomato seedlings were planted, and the charcoal-based bio-fertilizer described in Example 1 was spread into the field for topdressing, with an application rate of 40 kg / mu.

[0028] Comparative Example 1

[0029] Different from Example 1, the bacterial agent combination used in the second fermentation in this comparative example is: 1 part of Bacillus subtilis (purchased from Hubei Haijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), 1 part of yeast (purchased from Hubei Haijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and 1 part of Rhodopseudomonas palustris (purchased from Wuhan Belleye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).

[0030] Comparative Example 2

[0031] Different from Example 1, in this comparative example, the bacterial agent combination added after the fermentation was: 1.5 parts of Xanthomonas erythrogenus (purchased from Shanghai Huzheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) and 1.5 parts of Trichoderma viride (purchased from Guangzhou Zhenwei Microbiology Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0032] Comparative Example 3

[0033] Different from Example 1, in this comparative example, an equal amount of Astragalus root residues were used to replace Angelica root residues and Codonopsis root residues.

[0034] Test Example 1

[0035] Control group: Normally grown plants (blank control group) and positive control group: sprayed with 600-fold diluted Qingkulike (purchased from Weifang Lefeng Biological Pesticide Co., Ltd.), 200 ml of liquid per plant, sprayed twice, sprayed at the fertilization time of the treatment group, a total of 2 groups;

[0036] Treatment group: fertilization was performed using the carbon-based biofertilizers prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 respectively. The fertilization method was the same as that in Example 4. There were 4 groups in total.

[0037] Experimental method: The test variety was "Hezuo 903", and each treatment group was an experimental plot, each experimental plot was 0.5 mu, repeated three times, a total of 18 experimental plots, randomly distributed. 50 days after the tomato seedlings were planted, each group was inoculated with 1 mL (1.0×10 6 cfu / mL), the incidence of the blank control group was counted every day, the test was stopped when the incidence reached 100%, and the control effects of other groups were counted.

[0038] The disease index and prevention and treatment conditions were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1:

[0039] Table 1 The control effect of different fertilizers on tomato bacterial wilt

[0040] Group Incidence % Disease index% Control effect% Example 1 1.42 0.53 99.47 Comparative Example 1 13.42 11.75 86.25 Comparative Example 2 11.65 10.76 89.24 Comparative Example 3 9.76 5.53 94.47 Blank control 100 100 —— Positive Control 21.57 19.25 80.75

[0041] As can be seen from Table 1, the use of the carbon-based biofertilizer of the present invention can effectively prevent and control tomato bacterial wilt, with a low incidence rate, and the prevention and control effect is significantly higher than that of comparative examples 1 to 3. The carbon-based biofertilizer of the present invention is composited with different microbial agents, which are combined according to specific proportions and compositions, and various beneficial ingredients are compounded, which can achieve a better inhibitory effect on Ralstonia solanacearum.

[0042] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon-based biofertilizer for preventing and treating tomato bacterial wilt, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 to 28 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 10 to 15 parts of straw, 10 to 15 parts of fungus residue, 10 to 15 parts of biochar, 6 to 9 parts of medicinal residue, 8 to 12 parts of potassium humate, 6 to 8 parts of pine sawdust, 3 to 6 parts of microbial agent and 4 to 6 parts of attapulgite powder; The microbial agents include Paecilomyces lilacinus, Streptomyces tenuiflavotus, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus plantarum and photosynthetic bacteria.

2. The carbon-based biofertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the Paecilomyces lilacinus, Streptomyces tenuiflavotus, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus plantarum and photosynthetic bacteria is 1-1.5:1-1.5:0.5-1:0.5-1:0.5-1.

3. The carbon-based biofertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The carbon content of the biochar is ≥65%; the medicinal residues are composed of angelica medicinal residues, codonopsis medicinal residues and astragalus medicinal residues in a dry weight ratio of 1-2:2-3:2-5.

4. The method for preparing the carbon-based biofertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Poultry and livestock manure, straw, fungus residue, biochar, potassium humate, pine sawdust and attapulgite powder are mixed and fermented for the first time, and then the drug residue, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus plantarum and photosynthetic bacteria are added for the second fermentation. After the second fermentation is completed, Paecilomyces lilacinus and Streptomyces tenuifolius are added to obtain the carbon-based biofertilizer.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first fermentation is compost fermentation with a humidity of 65-70%. When the compost temperature reaches 60-65°C, the compost is turned for the first time, and then every 5-7 days, for a total fermentation of 60-65 days.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conditions for the second fermentation are 33-37°C for 5-7 days.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The effective viable count of the described Paecilomyces lilacinus is 10 7 ~10 9 The effective viable bacteria count of the Streptomyces pyogenes is 10 7 ~10 9 The effective viable bacteria count of Bacillus megaterium is 10 7 ~10 9 The effective viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum is 10 7 ~10 9 The effective number of living bacteria of the photosynthetic bacteria is 10 7 ~10 9 Pieces / g.

8. Use of the carbon-based biofertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the carbon-based biofertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 7 in preventing and controlling tomato bacterial wilt.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method for preventing and controlling tomato bacterial wilt is: fertilizing twice, the first fertilization is to mix the carbon-based biological fertilizer with the soil as a base fertilizer 20 to 30 days before tomato planting, and till the soil; the second fertilization is to spread the carbon-based biological fertilizer into the field 15 to 20 days after the tomato seedlings are planted, and to perform topdressing.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The amount of fertilizer applied in the first fertilization is 220-250 kg / mu; the mixing ratio of the carbon-based biofertilizer to the soil is 1.5-2:1, and the tillage depth is 10-15 cm; the amount of topdressing in the second fertilization is 30-45 kg / mu.