Water-soluble fertilizer suitable for Xinjiang'dry sowing and wet emergence 'cotton field as well as preparation method and application of water-soluble fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-soluble fertilizer suitable for Xinjiang'dry sowing and wet emergence 'cotton fields as well as a preparation method and application of the water-soluble fertilizer. Belongs to the technical field of water-soluble fertilizers. The water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-41 parts of urea, 21-60 parts of urea phosphate and 13-48 parts of potassium sulfate. Potassium sulfate is mixed with other raw materials in batches by using a three-dimensional mixer, and then mixed granulation is performed. Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that the water-soluble fertilizer is dripped along with water by utilizing a drip irrigation facility of a'dry sowing and wet discharging 'cotton field; according to the water-soluble fertilizer formula and the dripping method, the emergence rate of the cotton can be increased, and the problems that the emergence rate is difficult, weak and stiff due to nutrient requirements of growth and development of the cotton in the seedling stage, adverse factors such as an external saline-alkali environment in the seedling stage, tender roots and insufficient photosynthetic ability, and the like, and the problems of seedling deficiency and insufficient group construction caused by the phenomena are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water-soluble fertilizers, and more particularly to a water-soluble fertilizer suitable for "dry sowing and wet out" cotton fields in Xinjiang, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The "dry sowing and wet emergence" technology for cotton is a water-saving and efficiency-enhancing technology developed in recent years. Before cotton is sown, no winter and spring irrigation is carried out. Drip irrigation belts and ground film are laid directly after harrowing. When the temperature of cotton is suitable for germination, a small amount of water is dripped under the film within 48 hours after sowing to make the soil moisture under the film meet the requirements for seed germination. This technology not only saves a lot of agricultural water, but also can realize the flexible control of cotton sowing period, achieve the effect of disaster avoidance and reduction, increase production and increase efficiency. The "dry sowing and wet emergence" technology was first applied in cotton fields in northern Xinjiang, and then promoted from northern Xinjiang to various regions in southern Xinjiang. Since the dry sowing and wet emergence technology is widely used in cotton areas in northern Xinjiang, most cotton farmers have stopped applying basal fertilizer, resulting in insufficient nutrient supply during the cotton seedling and bud stages, thus affecting yield. At the same time, low temperature disasters frequently occurred during the cotton sowing season in Xinjiang. Low temperatures during the emergence stage led to a decrease in the germination rate and emergence rate of cotton seeds. Low temperatures during the seedling stage reduced the respiration, photosynthetic efficiency, and disease resistance of cotton plants, resulting in delayed seedling growth. If the damage time is prolonged, it will cause large-scale stiff and dead seedlings, directly affecting cotton yield and quality. Aksu, Korla, Tarim, Tumushuke, Aral and other areas in southern Xinjiang have drawn on the planting experience of dry sowing and wet emergence in the cotton areas of northern Xinjiang for demonstration and promotion. The soil in the successful test area is generally loam or sandy loam with low salinity and alkali content. In the demonstration and promotion of severe saline-alkali land, problems such as lack of seedlings, dead seedlings, and stiff seedlings occurred, which had a certain impact on cotton yield. Fertilizer and biostimulant dripping with emergence is an effective solution.

[0003] With the promotion and popularization of irrigation and fertilization technology, drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizers are increasingly being adopted by farmers. Water-soluble fertilizers are water-soluble fertilizers, which are fast-acting multi-component compound fertilizers that are completely soluble in water. They have relatively comprehensive nutrients, can be quickly dissolved in water, are more easily absorbed by crops, and have a high absorption and utilization rate. They have been widely used in drip irrigation in recent years. In cotton production, there are few special water-soluble fertilizers, and the application technology is not mature. Cotton farmers usually dissolve traditional chemical fertilizers such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium sulfate in water (some even dissolve compound fertilizers in water and then filter them to clear the water) and apply them with irrigation water. This application method is unscientific, with large losses and huge waste. At the least, it will reduce fertilizer utilization and cotton yield. At the worst, it will cause seedling burns, seedling shortages, or even the entire plot of land will not produce seedlings at all, which will eventually cause great losses to cotton farmers. In addition, previous studies have shown that cotton seedlings are sensitive to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Lack of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the seedling stage will inhibit cotton growth and ultimately affect yield. Adequate nutrient supply in the seedling stage can promote early growth and development of cotton and increase yield.

[0004] In the prior art, water-soluble fertilizers prepared with urea phosphate and polyglutamic acid are used to repair the soil and regulate soil salinity, but they do not take into account the nutrient absorption of the plants and are not completely suitable for the application in the seedling stage of Xinjiang's "dry sowing and wet out" cotton fields. There is a technology that discloses a special drip irrigation fertilizer for saline-alkali land, which mainly adsorbs salt ions in the soil, thereby reducing the harm to the cotton root system, but the fertilizer only uses humic acid and rare earth raw materials, lacking the nutrients necessary for cotton seedling growth. There are also water-soluble fertilizers made of phosphoric acid, urea, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and boric acid to solve the nutrient demand problem of cotton at various growth stages, but the raw materials are all chemical fertilizers, which are not targeted at Xinjiang's saline-alkali land "dry sowing and wet out" cotton fields. There is also technology that introduces the production process of water-soluble fertilizers, but its technical process is relatively complicated and the application cost is relatively high. Therefore, the existing technology has not been able to provide the professional water-soluble fertilizers and corresponding fertilization techniques required for fertilizing cotton fields with water in the "dry sowing and wet emergence" planting mode of cotton under the conditions of spring drought and water shortage. Therefore, it has not been able to take into account the solution of the nutrient needs of cotton seedling growth and development, as well as the adverse factors such as the external saline-alkali environment in the seedling stage and the difficulties in emergence, weak seedlings and dead seedlings caused by the young root system and insufficient photosynthetic capacity, as well as the resulting problems of lack of seedlings and insufficient population construction.

[0005] In summary, how to provide a water-soluble fertilizer suitable for Xinjiang's "dry sowing and wet out" cotton fields is a problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a water-soluble fertilizer suitable for Xinjiang "dry sowing and wet out" cotton fields and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] The invention aims to provide a water-soluble fertilizer suitable for the "dry sowing and wet harvesting" cotton fields in Xinjiang.

[0009] The water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention is made of a certain proportion of N, P2O5, K2O, S and C; the formula has reasonable nutrients, in addition to the macro-elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the ratio of S and C is also clarified, sulfur helps to reduce soil pH, improve the soil microenvironment, promote the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by plants and the accumulation of substances; carbon directly affects the growth and development of crops and the accumulation of substances. The water-soluble fertilizer can effectively improve the emergence rate of "dry sowing and wet emergence" cotton fields, improve the stress resistance of cotton seedlings and meet the early nutrient needs of cotton, improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, and improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil.

[0010] A water-soluble fertilizer suitable for "dry sowing and wet extraction" cotton fields in Xinjiang comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5 to 41 parts of urea, 21 to 60 parts of urea phosphate and 13 to 48 parts of potassium sulfate.

[0011] Furthermore, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 to 41 parts of urea, 27 to 60 parts of urea phosphate, 23 to 48 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 to 5 parts of polyglutamic acid and 4 to 10 parts of maltodextrin.

[0012] Furthermore, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 to 33 parts of urea, 21 to 47 parts of urea phosphate, 13 to 32 parts of potassium sulfate and 32 to 46 parts of potassium humate.

[0013] Further, the nitrogen-containing component raw materials are urea, urea phosphate, and polyglutamic acid;

[0014] The raw material of the phosphorus-containing component is urea phosphate;

[0015] The raw materials containing potassium components are potassium sulfate and potassium humate;

[0016] The raw material of sulfur-containing component is potassium sulfate;

[0017] The raw materials containing carbon components are urea, potassium humate and maltodextrin.

[0018] Furthermore, the composition includes the following components in parts by weight: 6.4 parts of uric acid, 59.1 parts of urea phosphate, 25.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.8 parts of polyglutamic acid and 8.2 parts of maltodextrin.

[0019] Furthermore, the following components are included in parts by mass: 5.2 parts of urea, 47.0 parts of urea phosphate, 13.4 parts of potassium sulfate and 34.4 parts of potassium humate.

[0020] Beneficial effects achieved: Among the above raw materials, the most critical ones are urea phosphate, polyglutamic acid, maltodextrin and potassium humate. Urea phosphate contains two macroelements, nitrogen and phosphorus, and is easily soluble in water and the aqueous solution is acidic. For the saline-alkali land in Xinjiang cotton area, urea phosphate not only provides nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition, but also can reduce soil pH, thereby improving the alkaline soil structure; polyglutamic acid has the function of enhancing the fertilizer effect and improving the stress resistance of cotton seedlings; maltodextrin has the function of promoting seed germination, and it and potassium humate can both provide part of carbon, which is beneficial to material accumulation; potassium humate has the function of regulating soil acidity and alkalinity and improving soil structure, which helps to promote seed germination and enhance plant stress resistance.

[0021] Although cotton needs less fertilizer in the seedling stage, it is very sensitive to the lack of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The water-soluble fertilizer for cotton fields in the "dry sowing and wet out" mainly supplies the nutritional needs of cotton seedlings. Therefore, the formula of the present invention increases the proportion of phosphorus and determines the optimal mass fraction of various raw materials. The ratio of N: P2O5: K2O is 1:2:1, which is more in line with the needs of cotton's early nutrient absorption, dry matter accumulation, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Urea phosphate is selected as a phosphorus source mainly because the raw material itself has chelating ability and is not easily precipitated and fixed. At the same time, the proportion of P2O5 in the fertilizer is relatively high, which effectively solves the problem of low phosphorus effectiveness caused by soil phosphorus fixation. Through the above measures, the present invention has outstanding advantages over existing water-soluble fertilizers in terms of raw material ratio, nutrient effectiveness, formula stability, functionality, etc.; urea phosphate is preferred to solve the nutrient demand of cotton seedlings and give full consideration to improving nutrient effectiveness; by adding polyglutamic acid and maltodextrin or potassium humate, seed germination is promoted and the stress resistance of cotton seedlings is enhanced, the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity is improved, and the soil physical and chemical properties are improved. In addition, maltodextrin and potassium humate also provide part of the carbon, which is helpful for the growth and development of cotton and the accumulation of substances; potassium sulfate also provides a sulfur source, reduces soil pH, and promotes the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by plants. Potassium sulfate is also innovatively used as a desiccant to prevent water-soluble fertilizers from absorbing moisture and agglomerating.

[0022] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a water-soluble fertilizer suitable for the "dry sowing and wet out" cotton fields in Xinjiang.

[0023] The preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer comprises mixing potassium sulfate with other raw materials in batches by using a three-dimensional mixer, and then mixing and granulating.

[0024] Beneficial effects achieved: The method of the present invention is easy to implement and simple to operate; the potassium sulfate in the raw material has low moisture absorption, is not easy to agglomerate, and has stable physical properties. The mixing of the potassium sulfate with the raw material that is easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate effectively avoids the problem of accelerated moisture absorption caused by direct contact with the raw materials that are easy to absorb moisture, such as urea, urea phosphate, polyglutamic acid, maltodextrin, and potassium humate, and can effectively prevent the raw materials that are easy to absorb moisture from absorbing water vapor in the environment. The use of the preparation method makes it unnecessary to add a moisture-proof agent to the water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention, thereby avoiding increased costs.

[0025] Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of a water-soluble fertilizer suitable for the "dry sowing and wet out" cotton fields in Xinjiang.

[0026] The application of the above-mentioned water-soluble fertilizer in the growth and development of cotton.

[0027] Furthermore, the fertilizer is applied using a drip irrigation system within 48 hours after cotton sowing.

[0028] Furthermore, the application rate is 2-6 kg / mu, and the drip irrigation tape flow rate is 1.8 L h -1 .

[0029] Furthermore, the amount used per mu of sandy soil is 4 to 6 kg, the amount used per mu of loamy soil is 3 to 5 kg, and the amount used per mu of clay soil is 2 to 4 kg.

[0030] Pot tests and field plot tests have shown that the water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention not only improves the emergence rate of dry-seeded and wet-emergence cotton fields, but also solves the problems of difficult emergence, weak seedlings and dead seedlings caused by adverse factors such as the external environment in the cotton seedling stage and the young and tender root system and insufficient photosynthetic capacity, as well as the resulting problems of lack of seedlings and insufficient population construction.

[0031] It can be seen from the above technical solution that, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0032] (1) The present invention solves the problems of nutrient loss and reduced effectiveness caused by unstable physical and chemical properties or easy reactions between raw materials; physiologically acidic fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus raw materials (urea phosphate) are preferred, which effectively solves the problem of low phosphorus effectiveness caused by soil phosphorus fixation; secondly, potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate) is developed to function as a moisture-proof agent;

[0033] (2) Adding polyglutamic acid and maltodextrin or potassium humate can promote seed germination, enhance the stress resistance of cotton seedlings, improve soil properties, increase cotton drought resistance and soil water and fertilizer retention capacity; and provide some carbon to help cotton growth and material accumulation.

[0034] (3) The selection of fertilizer raw materials and formula nutrients are more optimized, with strong problem-orientedness and wide adaptability; it promotes cotton seedling emergence and increases cotton seedling resistance, with the cotton seedling emergence rate increasing by 4% to 15%, the dry matter per plant increasing by 7% to 49%, the nitrogen absorption increasing by 6% to 52%, the phosphorus absorption increasing by 4% to 76%, and the potassium absorption increasing by 3% to 60%. It can solve the problems of cotton seedling emergence difficulties, insufficient soil fertilizer supply capacity, insufficient self-development and poor resistance, as well as the resulting problem of reduced cotton yield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The drugs required for the present invention are conventional experimental drugs, which are purchased from commercial channels; the experimental methods not mentioned are conventional experimental methods and will not be described in detail here.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A water-soluble fertilizer suitable for "dry sowing and wet extraction" cotton fields in Xinjiang, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0039] Table 1 Water-soluble fertilizer composition

[0040]

[0041]

[0042] The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), sulfur (S), and carbon (C) contents of the above-mentioned water-soluble fertilizer for cotton fields with "dry sowing and wet extraction" are as follows:

[0043] Table 2 Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and carbon content

[0044]

[0045] A method for preparing a water-soluble fertilizer suitable for "dry sowing and wet extraction" cotton fields in Xinjiang, comprising the following steps:

[0046] A. First, 6.4 parts of urea and 59.1 parts of urea phosphate were crushed and sieved through 50-70 meshes by a crusher;

[0047] B. Using a three-dimensional mixer, 6.4 parts of crushed and sieved urea and 8 parts of potassium sulfate are fully mixed to prepare a premix 1;

[0048] C. Fully mix 59.1 parts of urea phosphate and 8.5 parts of potassium sulfate that have been crushed and sieved by a three-dimensional mixer to prepare premix 2;

[0049] D. Using a three-dimensional mixer, 0.8 parts of polyglutamic acid, 8.2 parts of maltodextrin and 9 parts of potassium sulfate are fully mixed to prepare a premix 3;

[0050] E. Finally, premix 1, premix 2 and premix 3 are fully mixed using a three-dimensional mixer;

[0051] F. The fully mixed fertilizer raw materials are mixed and granulated in a granulator to form mixed granules, which are weighed and packaged and stored in a cool and ventilated place at room temperature to obtain a water-soluble fertilizer suitable for Xinjiang's "dry sowing and wet output" cotton fields.

[0052] Example 2 to Example 8

[0053] A water-soluble fertilizer suitable for "dry sowing and wet out" cotton fields in Xinjiang, preparation of a series of formulas of high nitrogen (Example 5), high phosphorus (Examples 2, 3, 8), high potassium (Examples 6, 7), and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced (Example 4), consisting of the following raw materials in parts by mass:

[0054] Table 3 Water-soluble fertilizer composition (parts)

[0055]

[0056] The contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), sulfur (S) and carbon (C) in the water-soluble fertilizer for the "dry sowing and wet out" cotton field in the above-mentioned Examples 2 to 8 are as follows.

[0057] Table 4 Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and carbon content

[0058]

[0059] A method for preparing a water-soluble fertilizer suitable for "dry sowing and wet extraction" cotton fields in Xinjiang, comprising the following steps:

[0060] A. First, use a crusher to crush urea and urea phosphate and sieve them through 50-70 meshes respectively;

[0061] B. Divide potassium sulfate into three parts;

[0062] C. Using a three-dimensional mixer, the crushed and sieved urea and one portion of potassium sulfate are fully mixed to prepare a premix 1;

[0063] D. using a three-dimensional mixer to fully mix the crushed and sieved urea phosphate and one portion of potassium sulfate to prepare premix 2;

[0064] E. Fully mix polyglutamic acid, maltodextrin and one portion of potassium sulfate using a three-dimensional mixer to prepare premix 3;

[0065] F. Finally, premix 1, premix 2 and premix 3 are fully mixed using a three-dimensional mixer;

[0066] G. The fully mixed fertilizer raw materials are mixed and granulated in a granulator to form mixed granules, which are weighed and packaged and stored in a cool and ventilated place at room temperature to obtain a water-soluble fertilizer suitable for Xinjiang's "dry sowing and wet output" cotton fields.

[0067] Example 9

[0068] Effect of water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 1 on cotton seedling stage

[0069] The test soil was loamy tidal soil with an alkaline nitrogen content of 55.5 mg kg -1 、Organic matter 10.9g kg -1 , Available phosphorus 6.4mgkg -1 , fast-acting potassium 115.8mg kg -1 , pH 7.8, water-soluble salt content 0.4g kg -1 .

[0070] The experimental field was sown on September 16, 2022 and May 15, 2023, and three treatments were set, namely: no fertilizer (no fertilizer), conventional fertilizer (conventional control), and drip application of water-soluble fertilizer (water-soluble fertilizer-Example 1). The specific operations are as follows:

[0071] Conventional control: Use dry sowing and wet seeding method, sow seeds first, and then drip urea, urea phosphate and potassium sulfate with water at a rate of 4.5 kg per mu.

[0072] Drip application of water-soluble fertilizer: Use dry sowing and wet planting method, sow the seeds first, and use drip irrigation facilities to drip water-soluble fertilizer with water within 48 hours after cotton sowing; the dosage is 4.5kg per mu.

[0073] Field surveys were conducted at the seedling stage (November 7, 2022; June 8, 2023) to investigate the emergence rate, agronomic traits, dry matter mass per plant, and nutrient uptake.

[0074] Table 5 Effects of different treatments on cotton emergence rate

[0075]

[0076] It can be seen from the above table that in 2022 and 2023, the emergence rate of cotton seedlings treated with water-soluble fertilizer (Example 1) increased compared with the treatment without fertilization, increasing by 5.8% and 9.6% respectively, indicating that water-soluble fertilizer has the effect of improving the emergence rate of cotton, laying a good foundation for uniform seedlings.

[0077] Table 6 Effects of different treatments on agronomic traits of cotton

[0078]

[0079] It can be seen from the above table that the plant height and stem diameter of the cotton seedlings treated with water-soluble fertilizer in 2022 (Example 1) were significantly increased compared with those without treatment. The plant height and stem diameter of the cotton seedlings treated with water-soluble fertilizer in 2023 (Example 1) were significantly increased compared with those without treatment and the conventional control treatment, indicating that water-soluble fertilizer has a promoting effect on the growth and development of cotton seedlings, laying a solid foundation for seedling strength.

[0080] Table 7 Effects of different treatments on dry matter quality of cotton plants

[0081]

[0082] It can be seen from the above table that in 2022 and 2023, the dry matter mass of individual plants in the water-soluble fertilizer treatment of cotton seedlings (Example 1) increased compared with the no fertilization treatment, increasing by 43.3% and 26.9%, respectively, indicating that water-soluble fertilizer has the effect of promoting the accumulation of dry matter in cotton, laying a good foundation for high yield.

[0083] Table 8 Effects of different treatments on cotton nutrient absorption

[0084]

[0085] It can be seen from the above table that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption of cotton seedlings treated with water-soluble fertilizer (Example 1) in 2022 and 2023 increased compared with the treatment without application, indicating that water-soluble fertilizer can promote cotton nutrient absorption, show the advantage of seedling strength, and lay a solid foundation for high yield.

[0086] Example 10

[0087] Effect of water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 1 on cotton bud stage

[0088] The soil in the test site is loamy tidal soil, with an alkaline nitrogen content of 55.5 mg kg -1 、Organic matter 10.9g kg -1 , Available phosphorus 6.4mg kg -1 , fast-acting potassium 115.8mg kg -1 , pH 7.8, water-soluble salt content 0.4g kg -1 .

[0089] The experiment was carried out in July 2023, and three treatments were set up, namely: no fertilizer (no fertilizer), conventional fertilizer (conventional control), and drip application of water-soluble fertilizer (water-soluble fertilizer-Example 1). The specific operations are as follows:

[0090] Conventional fertilizer: Use dry sowing and wet spreading method, sow seeds first, then drip urea, urea phosphate and potassium sulfate with water at a dosage of 4.5 kg per mu.

[0091] Drip application of water-soluble fertilizer: Use dry sowing and wet planting method, sow the seeds first, and use drip irrigation facilities to drip water-soluble fertilizer with water within 48 hours after cotton sowing; the dosage is 4.5kg per mu.

[0092] A field survey was conducted during the bud stage (July 14, 2023) to investigate the bud number, agronomic traits, dry matter mass per plant, and nutrient absorption.

[0093] Table 9 Effects of different treatments on agronomic traits, bud number and dry matter quality of cotton

[0094]

[0095] As can be seen from the above table, in the bud stage of cotton, the plant height, stem diameter and bud number of the water-soluble fertilizer treatment (Example 1) were increased compared with those without treatment and the conventional control treatment, and the dry matter mass per plant of the water-soluble fertilizer treatment (Example 1) was increased by 72.6% and 30.5% compared with those without treatment and the conventional control, respectively, indicating that water-soluble fertilizer has a promoting effect on the growth and development of cotton in the bud stage, laying a solid foundation for high cotton yield.

[0096] Table 10 Effects of different treatments on cotton nutrient absorption

[0097]

[0098] As can be seen from the above table, at the bud stage of cotton, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption of the water-soluble fertilizer treatment (Example 1) increased compared with the non-fertilization treatment and the conventional control treatment, indicating that water-soluble fertilizer can promote cotton nutrient absorption and show a high yield advantage.

[0099] Embodiment 11

[0100] A water-soluble fertilizer suitable for "dry sowing and wet extraction" cotton fields in Xinjiang, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0101] Table 11 Water-soluble fertilizer composition

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), sulfur (S), and carbon (C) contents of the above-mentioned water-soluble fertilizer for cotton fields with "dry sowing and wet extraction" are as follows:

[0105] Table 12 Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and carbon content

[0106]

[0107] A method for preparing a water-soluble fertilizer suitable for "dry sowing and wet extraction" cotton fields in Xinjiang, comprising the following steps:

[0108] A. First, 5.2 parts of urea and 47 parts of urea phosphate were crushed and sieved through 50-70 meshes respectively using a crusher;

[0109] B. Using a three-dimensional mixer, 5.2 parts of crushed and sieved urea and 4.4 parts of potassium sulfate are fully mixed to prepare a premix 1;

[0110] C. Fully mix 47 parts of crushed and sieved urea phosphate and 5 parts of potassium sulfate using a three-dimensional mixer to prepare premix 2;

[0111] D. Using a three-dimensional mixer, 34.4 parts of potassium humate and 4 parts of potassium sulfate are fully mixed to prepare premix 3;

[0112] E. Finally, premix 1, premix 2 and premix 3 are fully mixed using a three-dimensional mixer;

[0113] F. The fully mixed fertilizer raw materials are mixed and granulated in a granulator to form mixed granules, which are weighed and packaged and stored in a cool and ventilated place at room temperature to obtain a water-soluble fertilizer suitable for Xinjiang's "dry sowing and wet output" cotton fields.

[0114] Example 12 to Example 18

[0115] A water-soluble fertilizer suitable for "dry sowing and wet out" cotton fields in Xinjiang, preparation of a series of formulas of high nitrogen (Examples 13 and 14), high phosphorus (Example 18), high potassium (Examples 15, 16, and 17), and balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (Example 12), consisting of the following raw materials in parts by mass:

[0116] Table 13 Water-soluble fertilizer composition (parts)

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] The contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), sulfur (S) and carbon (C) in the water-soluble fertilizer for the "dry sowing and wet out" cotton field in the above-mentioned Examples 12 to 18 are as follows.

[0120] Table 14 Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and carbon content

[0121]

[0122] A method for preparing a water-soluble fertilizer suitable for "dry sowing and wet extraction" cotton fields in Xinjiang, comprising the following steps:

[0123] A. First, use a grinder to grind urea and urea phosphate separately and sieve 50-70 mesh;

[0124] B. Divide potassium sulfate into three parts;

[0125] C. Using a three-dimensional mixer, the crushed and sieved urea and one portion of potassium sulfate are fully mixed to prepare a premix 1;

[0126] D. using a three-dimensional mixer to fully mix the crushed and sieved urea phosphate and one portion of potassium sulfate to prepare premix 2;

[0127] E. Using a three-dimensional mixer, the potassium humate and one portion of the potassium sulfate are fully mixed to prepare a premix 3;

[0128] F. Finally, premix 1, premix 2 and premix 3 are fully mixed using a three-dimensional mixer;

[0129] G. The fully mixed fertilizer raw materials are mixed and granulated in a granulator to form mixed granules, which are weighed and packaged and stored in a cool and ventilated place at room temperature to obtain a water-soluble fertilizer suitable for Xinjiang's "dry sowing and wet output" cotton fields.

[0130] Embodiment 19

[0131] Effect of water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 11 on cotton seedling stage

[0132] The soil in the test site is loamy tidal soil, with an alkaline nitrogen content of 55.5 mg kg -1、Organic matter 10.9g kg -1 , Available phosphorus 6.4mg kg -1 , fast-acting potassium 115.8mg kg -1 , pH 7.8, water-soluble salt content 0.4g kg -1 .

[0133] The experiment was sown on September 16, 2022 and May 15, 2023, and three treatments were set, namely: no fertilizer (no fertilizer), conventional fertilizer (conventional control), and drip application of water-soluble fertilizer (water-soluble fertilizer-Example 11). The specific operation is as follows:

[0134] Conventional fertilizer: Use dry sowing and wet spreading method, sow seeds first, then drip urea, urea phosphate and potassium sulfate with water at a dosage of 4.5 kg per mu.

[0135] Drip application of water-soluble fertilizer: Use dry sowing and wet planting method, sow the seeds first, and use drip irrigation facilities to drip water-soluble fertilizer with water within 48 hours after cotton sowing; the dosage is 4.5kg per mu.

[0136] Field surveys were conducted at the seedling stage (November 7, 2022; June 8, 2023) to investigate the emergence rate, agronomic traits, dry matter mass per plant, and nutrient uptake.

[0137] Table 15 Effects of different treatments on cotton emergence rate

[0138]

[0139] It can be seen from the above table that in 2022 and 2023, the emergence rate of cotton seedlings treated with water-soluble fertilizer (Example 11) increased compared with the treatment without fertilization, which increased by 11.5% and 9.6% respectively, indicating that water-soluble fertilizer has the effect of improving the emergence rate of cotton, laying a good foundation for uniform seedlings.

[0140] Table 16 Effects of different treatments on agronomic traits of cotton

[0141]

[0142] It can be seen from the above table that the plant height and stem diameter of the cotton seedlings treated with water-soluble fertilizer (Example 11) in 2022 and 2023 were significantly increased compared with those without treatment, indicating that water-soluble fertilizer has a promoting effect on the growth and development of cotton seedlings, laying a solid foundation for seedling growth.

[0143] Table 17 Effects of different treatments on dry matter quality of cotton plants

[0144]

[0145]

[0146] It can be seen from the above table that the dry matter mass of individual plants treated with water-soluble fertilizer at the seedling stage of cotton in 2022 and 2023 (Example 11) increased by 36.7% and 11.5% respectively compared with no treatment, indicating that water-soluble fertilizer has the effect of promoting the accumulation of cotton substances and laying a good foundation for high yield.

[0147] Table 18 Effects of different treatments on cotton nutrient absorption

[0148]

[0149] As can be seen from the above table, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption of the cotton seedlings treated with water-soluble fertilizer (Example 11) in 2022 increased compared with the treatment without application, indicating that water-soluble fertilizer promotes cotton nutrient absorption and shows a seedling advantage.

[0150] Embodiment 20

[0151] Effect of water-soluble fertilizer prepared in Example 11 on cotton bud stage

[0152] The soil in the test site is loamy tidal soil, with an alkaline nitrogen content of 55.5 mg kg -1 、Organic matter 10.9g kg -1 , Available phosphorus 6.4mg kg -1 , fast-acting potassium 115.8mg kg -1 , pH 7.8, water-soluble salt content 0.4g kg -1 .

[0153] The experiment was carried out in July 2023, and three treatments were set up, namely: no fertilizer (no fertilizer), conventional fertilizer (conventional control), and drip application of water-soluble fertilizer (water-soluble fertilizer-Example 11). The specific operations are as follows:

[0154] Conventional fertilizer: Use dry sowing and wet emergence method, sow seeds first, and then drip urea, urea phosphate and potassium sulfate into the seedling water at a rate of 4.5 kg per mu.

[0155] Drip application of water-soluble fertilizer: Use dry sowing and wet planting method, sow the seeds first, and use drip irrigation facilities to drip water-soluble fertilizer with water within 48 hours after cotton sowing; the dosage is 4.5kg per mu.

[0156] A field survey was conducted during the bud stage (July 14, 2023) to investigate the bud number, agronomic traits, dry matter mass per plant, and nutrient absorption.

[0157] Table 19 Effects of different treatments on agronomic traits, bud number and dry matter quality of cotton

[0158]

[0159]

[0160] As can be seen from the above table, in the bud stage of cotton, the plant height, stem diameter and bud number of the water-soluble fertilizer treatment (Example 11) were increased compared with those of the non-treatment and the conventional control treatment. The dry matter mass per plant of the water-soluble fertilizer treatment (Example 11) was increased by 71.0% and 29.3% compared with those of the non-treatment and the conventional control, respectively, indicating that water-soluble fertilizer has a promoting effect on the growth and development of cotton in the bud stage, laying a solid foundation for high cotton yield.

[0161] Table 20 Effects of different treatments on cotton nutrient absorption

[0162]

[0163] As can be seen from the above table, at the bud stage of cotton, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption of the water-soluble fertilizer treatment (Example 11) increased compared with the non-fertilization treatment and the conventional control treatment, indicating that water-soluble fertilizer can promote cotton nutrient absorption and show a high yield advantage.

[0164] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0165] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A water-soluble fertilizer suitable for "dry sowing and wet out" cotton fields in Xinjiang, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 to 41 parts of urea, 21 to 60 parts of urea phosphate and 13 to 48 parts of potassium sulfate.

2. The water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6-41 parts of urea, 27-60 parts of urea phosphate, 23-48 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5-5 parts of polyglutamic acid and 4-10 parts of maltodextrin.

3. The water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 to 33 parts of urea, 21 to 47 parts of urea phosphate, 13 to 32 parts of potassium sulfate and 32 to 46 parts of potassium humate.

4. The water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6.4 parts of uric acid, 59.1 parts of urea phosphate, 25.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.8 parts of polyglutamic acid and 8.2 parts of maltodextrin.

5. The water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5.2 parts of urea, 47.0 parts of urea phosphate, 13.4 parts of potassium sulfate and 34.4 parts of potassium humate.

6. The method for preparing the water-soluble fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Potassium sulfate is mixed with other raw materials in batches using a three-dimensional mixer, and then mixed and granulated.

7. Use of the water-soluble fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the growth and development of cotton.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that Apply using drip irrigation system within 48 hours after cotton sowing.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that The application rate is 2-6 kg / mu, and the drip irrigation belt flow rate is 1.8 L h -1 .

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