A fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge, its preparation method and application; a flame-retardant cable and its preparation method.

Abstract

This invention provides a fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge, its preparation method, and its application, as well as a flame-retardant cable and its preparation method, relating to the field of flame-retardant materials technology. The fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge comprises, by weight, 1-6 parts of dry aluminum plant sludge, 0-6 parts of inorganic hydroxide, 3-8 parts of VAE latex, and 20-50 parts of water. This invention uses only water as a solvent, VAE latex as a polymer matrix, and aluminum plant sludge and inorganic hydroxide as fillers. The raw materials are inexpensive and readily available. The fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge possesses excellent flame retardancy, tensile strength, elongation, and basis weight. It can be used as a flame-retardant cable strip, making it less susceptible to damage during transportation and installation, preventing the spread of fire in a fire, and suppressing smoke release. Furthermore, aluminum plant sludge is a solid waste, the raw material is readily available and inexpensive, resulting in a low-cost fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flame retardant materials technology, specifically to a fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge, its preparation method and application, and a flame-retardant cable and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid rise of the new energy vehicle market and the booming development of renewable energy industries such as photovoltaics and wind power, the demand for wire and cable products has been increasing. However, the wire and cable industry still faces some technical challenges, such as low mechanical properties of cable sheathing, low flame retardancy, poor high-temperature oxidation resistance, and high cost. These problems not only affect the performance and service life of cable products but also restrict the further development of the industry.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN114318910A1 discloses a processing procedure for halogen-free low-smoke filler rope for cables. The raw materials used in the preparation include the following components by mass percentage: 30-60% inorganic hydroxide, 10-40% VAE emulsion, and the remainder being water. However, although the above raw materials use inorganic hydroxide for coating, the elongation of the wrapping is relatively low. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge, its preparation method and application, and a flame-retardant cable and its preparation method. The fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge provided by this invention possesses excellent flame retardancy, tensile strength, and elongation.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge. The raw materials for preparation include, by mass parts: 1-6 parts of aluminum plant sludge (dry weight), 0-6 parts of inorganic hydroxide, 3-8 parts of VAE latex, and 20-50 parts of water.

[0007] Preferably, the aluminum plant sludge comprises one or more of boehmite, Bayerite, α-alumina, and β-alumina;

[0008] Before use, the aluminum plant sludge is dehydrated, dried, and then pulverized to obtain dried aluminum plant sludge powder.

[0009] The particle size of the dried sludge powder from the aluminum plant is 0.074–0.45 mm.

[0010] Preferably, the inorganic hydroxide includes one or more of magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium-aluminum bimetallic hydroxide, and nickel-aluminum bimetallic hydroxide.

[0011] The present invention provides a method for preparing fire-retardant materials based on aluminum plant sludge as described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: dispersing the raw materials to obtain a mixed liquid, and drying the mixed liquid to obtain fire-retardant materials based on aluminum plant sludge.

[0012] Preferably, the dispersion treatment includes ultrasonic dispersion and / or stirring dispersion;

[0013] The ultrasonic dispersion time is 15–60 min, and the power is 80–120 W;

[0014] The mixing time is 0.5 to 3 hours, and the speed is 500 to 1000 r / min.

[0015] Preferably, the drying process includes one or more of room temperature drying, atmospheric pressure heating drying, and vacuum heating drying;

[0016] The room temperature drying time is 10–60 min;

[0017] The temperature for atmospheric pressure heating and drying is 30–90°C, and the time is 5–30 min;

[0018] The vacuum heating drying temperature is 30–90°C, and the time is 5–30 minutes.

[0019] This invention provides the application of the fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge described in the above technical solution or the fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge prepared by the above technical solution in cable wrapping.

[0020] The present invention also provides a flame-retardant cable, comprising a cable substrate and a fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge covering the surface of the cable substrate.

[0021] The present invention provides a method for preparing the flame-retardant cable described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: dispersing the raw materials for preparing the fireproof and flame-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge as described in the above technical solution to obtain a mixed liquid, coating the mixed liquid onto the cable substrate and drying it to obtain the flame-retardant cable.

[0022] Preferably, the dispersion treatment includes ultrasonic dispersion and / or stirring dispersion;

[0023] The ultrasonic dispersion time is 15–60 min, and the power is 80–120 W;

[0024] The stirring and mixing time is 0.5 to 3 hours, and the speed is 500 to 1000 r / min;

[0025] The drying process includes one or more of the following: room temperature drying, atmospheric pressure heating drying, and vacuum heating drying.

[0026] Aluminum plant sludge undergoes sintering at high temperatures, and γ-AlOOH irreversibly transforms into α-Al2O3 (commonly known as corundum) through a series of crystal transformations at different temperatures. α-Al2O3 is a crucial component of refractory materials. Due to its high aluminum content and ultra-fine particle size, the sludge can be converted into corundum at relatively low temperatures. This invention uses aluminum plant sludge as a high-temperature resistant raw material, significantly improving refractoriness while reducing costs. Furthermore, landfilling aluminum plant sludge, a general solid waste, incurs enormous costs and resource waste, while also avoiding secondary environmental pollution and land resource waste caused by improper disposal. This invention effectively solves the problems of sludge accumulation and treatment, transforming aluminum plant sludge into high-value refractory materials, achieving resource recycling, and providing a high-value conversion pathway for the treatment of this large-scale industrial solid waste.

[0027] This invention improves the flame retardant properties of fire-retardant materials based on aluminum plant sludge by adding inorganic hydroxides.

[0028] This invention effectively combines inorganic hydroxides with glass fiber cloth by adding VAE latex as a polymer matrix, resulting in fire-retardant materials based on aluminum plant sludge that have excellent tensile strength and elongation.

[0029] This invention uses only water as a solvent, VAE latex as a polymer matrix, aluminum plant sludge and inorganic hydroxides as fillers. The raw materials are inexpensive and readily available. The fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge has excellent flame retardancy, tensile strength, elongation and weight. It can be used as a flame-retardant cable tape to prevent damage during transportation and installation, prevent the spread of fire in a fire and suppress the release of smoke.

[0030] The method for preparing fire-retardant materials based on aluminum plant sludge provided by this invention has a simple process, readily available and inexpensive raw materials, is environmentally friendly, has low production costs, and is suitable for industrial production. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 X-ray diffraction pattern of sludge from an aluminum plant;

[0032] Figure 2 Thermogravimetric curves of aluminum plant sludge and magnesium hydroxide are shown. Detailed Implementation

[0033] This invention provides a fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge. The raw materials for preparation include, by mass parts: 1-6 parts of aluminum plant sludge (dry weight), 0-6 parts of inorganic hydroxide, 3-8 parts of VAE latex, and 20-50 parts of water.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, the materials and equipment used in this invention are all commercially available products in the field.

[0035] The raw materials for preparing the fireproof and flame-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge provided by the present invention include 1 to 10 parts of aluminum plant sludge (dry weight), which can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 parts in specific embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] In this invention, the aluminum plant sludge preferably comprises one or more of Boehmite (γ-AlOOH), Bayerite (Al2O3·3H2O), α-alumina (activated alumina), and β-alumina.

[0037] In this invention, the aluminum plant sludge is dehydrated, dried, and then pulverized before use to obtain dried aluminum plant sludge powder.

[0038] In this invention, the particle size of the aluminum plant sludge drying powder is preferably 0.074-0.45 mm, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 0.074 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.09 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.4 mm or 0.45 mm.

[0039] In this invention, the dehydration drying preferably includes one or more of atmospheric pressure heating drying, vacuum heating drying, and freeze drying. In this invention, the temperature of the atmospheric pressure heating drying is preferably 30–90°C, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, or 90°C; the time of the atmospheric pressure heating drying is preferably 1–24 hours, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, or 24 hours. In this invention, the vacuum heating drying temperature is preferably 30-70°C, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, or 70°C; the vacuum heating drying time is preferably 1-24 hours, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, or 24 hours. In this invention, the freeze-drying temperature is preferably -40 to -50°C, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be -40°C, -41°C, -42°C, -43°C, -44°C, -45°C, -46°C, -47°C, -48°C, -49°C, or -50°C; the freeze-drying pressure is preferably 5 to 30 Pa, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 5 Pa, 10 Pa, 15 Pa, 20 Pa, 25 Pa, or 30 Pa; the freeze-drying time is preferably 12 to 24 hours, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, or 24 hours.

[0040] In this invention, the pulverization and refining process preferably includes one or more of grinding, ball milling and ultrafine powder refining, more preferably ball milling. This invention does not have any special limitations on the process conditions for grinding, ball milling and ultrafine powder refining, as long as the aluminum plant sludge dried powder with a particle size of 0.074 to 0.45 mm can be obtained.

[0041] Aluminum plant sludge undergoes sintering at high temperatures, and γ-AlOOH irreversibly transforms into α-Al2O3 (commonly known as corundum) through a series of crystal transformations at different temperatures. α-Al2O3 is a crucial component of refractory materials. Due to its high aluminum content and ultra-fine particle size, the sludge can be converted into corundum at relatively low temperatures. This invention uses aluminum plant sludge as a high-temperature resistant raw material, significantly improving refractoriness while reducing costs. Furthermore, landfilling aluminum plant sludge, a general solid waste, incurs enormous costs and resource waste, while also avoiding secondary environmental pollution and land resource waste caused by improper disposal. This invention effectively solves the problems of sludge accumulation and treatment, transforming aluminum plant sludge into high-value refractory materials, achieving resource recycling, and providing a high-value conversion pathway for the treatment of this large-scale industrial solid waste.

[0042] Based on the mass fraction of the aluminum plant sludge (dry weight), the raw materials for preparing the fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge provided by this invention include 0-6 parts of inorganic hydroxide, which can be 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, or 6 parts in specific embodiments of this invention. In this invention, the inorganic hydroxide preferably includes one or more of magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium-aluminum bimetallic hydroxide, and nickel-aluminum bimetallic hydroxide. This invention, by adding inorganic hydroxide, gives the fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge good flame retardancy.

[0043] Based on the mass fraction of the dried aluminum plant sludge powder, the raw materials for preparing the fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge provided by this invention include 3 to 8 parts of VAE latex, which can be 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 parts in specific embodiments of this invention. This invention effectively combines inorganic hydroxides with glass fiber cloth by adding VAE latex as a polymer matrix, giving the fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge excellent tensile strength and elongation.

[0044] Based on the mass fraction of the aluminum plant sludge (dry weight), the raw materials for preparing the fireproof and flame-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge provided by the present invention include 20 to 50 parts of water. In specific embodiments of the present invention, the amounts can be 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 parts.

[0045] The present invention provides a method for preparing fire-retardant materials based on aluminum plant sludge as described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: dispersing the raw materials to obtain a mixed liquid, and drying the mixed liquid to obtain fire-retardant materials based on aluminum plant sludge.

[0046] In this invention, the dispersion treatment preferably includes ultrasonic dispersion and / or stirring dispersion. In this invention, the ultrasonic dispersion time is preferably 15–60 min, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30 min, 35 min, 40 min, 45 min, 50 min, 55 min, or 60 min; the ultrasonic dispersion power is preferably 80–120 W, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 80 W, 85 W, 90 W, 95 W, 100 W, 105 W, 110 W, 115 W, or 120 W. In this invention, the mixing time is preferably 0.5–3 hours, and in specific embodiments, it can be 0.5 hours, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, or 3 hours. The mixing speed is preferably 500–1000 r / min, and in specific embodiments, it can be 500 r / min, 550 r / min, 600 r / min, 650 r / min, 700 r / min, 750 r / min, 800 r / min, 850 r / min, 900 r / min, 950 r / min, or 1000 r / min. This invention utilizes dispersion treatment to avoid the agglomeration of magnesium hydroxide and biomass calcium material powder. Through the synergistic effect of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum plant sludge, the flame retardant properties, tensile strength, and elongation of the fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge are enhanced.

[0047] In this invention, the drying process preferably includes one or more of room temperature drying, atmospheric pressure heating drying, and vacuum heating drying. In this invention, the room temperature drying temperature is preferably room temperature, and the time is preferably 10–60 min, but in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30 min, 35 min, 40 min, 45 min, 50 min, 55 min, or 60 min. In this invention, the atmospheric pressure heating drying temperature is preferably 30–90°C, but in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, or 90°C; the atmospheric pressure heating drying time is preferably 5–30 min, but in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, or 30 min. In this invention, the vacuum heating drying temperature is preferably 30-90°C, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, or 90°C; the vacuum heating drying time is preferably 5-30 min, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, or 30 min.

[0048] This invention also provides the application of the fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge described in the above-described technical solutions, or the fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge prepared by the above-described technical solutions, in cable wrapping. The fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge provided by this invention is prepared through ball milling, mixing, coating, and drying steps. The prepared fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge possesses excellent mechanical properties, flame-retardant properties, and tensile strength. Furthermore, the manufacturing process is simple, the raw materials are readily available, it is environmentally friendly, and the cost is low, making it a promising candidate for cable wrapping.

[0049] This invention provides a flame-retardant cable, comprising a cable substrate and a fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge covering the surface of the cable substrate. In this invention, the cable substrate is preferably made of fiberglass cloth. The thickness of the fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge is preferably 0.16–0.22 mm, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 0.16 mm, 0.17 mm, 0.18 mm, 0.19 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.21 mm, or 0.22 mm.

[0050] The present invention provides a method for preparing the flame-retardant cable described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: dispersing the raw materials for preparing the fireproof and flame-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge as described in the above technical solution to obtain a mixed liquid, coating the mixed liquid onto the cable substrate and drying it to obtain the flame-retardant cable.

[0051] In this invention, the coating preferably includes dip coating and / or bar coating. In this invention, the dip coating is preferably applied 1 to 4 times, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 1, 2, 3, or 4 times; the time for a single dip coating is preferably 3 to 10 minutes, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 3 minutes, 4 minutes, 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, or 10 minutes. In this invention, the number of times the bar coating is applied is preferably 1 to 4 times, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 1 time, 2 times, 3 times, or 4 times; the thickness of a single bar coating is preferably 10 to 200 μm, and in specific embodiments of this invention, it can be 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 110 μm, 120 μm, 130 μm, 140 μm, 150 μm, 160 μm, 170 μm, 180 μm, 190 μm, or 200 μm.

[0052] In this invention, the conditions for dispersion treatment and drying are the same as those for mixing and drying of the aforementioned fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge, and will not be repeated here.

[0053] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed descriptions, in conjunction with embodiments, illustrate the fire-retardant materials based on aluminum plant sludge, their preparation methods and applications, and the flame-retardant cables and their preparation methods provided by the present invention. However, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] In the following embodiments, the method for preparing aluminum plant sludge dried powder is as follows: aluminum plant sludge is placed in a freeze dryer and freeze-dried at -44℃ and 20Pa for 12 hours, then ground and refined to obtain aluminum plant sludge dried powder with a particle size of 0.074 to 0.45 mm.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] Add 5 parts of dried aluminum plant sludge powder, 40 parts of water, and 4 parts of VAE emulsion, and sonicate at 100W for 30 minutes. Then stir at 800r / min for 1 hour in a magnetic stirrer to obtain a mixture. Use a high-precision linear coater (25μm) to coat the mixture onto a fiberglass cloth (0.15mm thick), and then heat and dry at 80℃ under normal pressure for 10 minutes. Repeat the above coating and drying process 3 times to obtain the flame-retardant wrapping tape for aluminum plant sludge.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] Add 3.33 parts of dried aluminum plant sludge powder, 1.67 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 40 parts of water, and 4 parts of VAE emulsion. Sonicate at 100W for 30 minutes, then stir at 800r / min for 1 hour in a magnetic stirrer to obtain a mixture. Apply the mixture to a fiberglass cloth (0.15mm thick) using a high-precision linear coater (25μm), and then heat and dry at 80℃ under normal pressure for 10 minutes. Repeat the above coating and drying process three times to obtain aluminum plant sludge / magnesium hydroxide flame-retardant wrapping tape.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] Add 2.5 parts of dried aluminum plant sludge powder, 2.5 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 40 parts of water, and 4 parts of VAE emulsion. Sonicate at 100W for 30 minutes, then stir at 800r / min for 1 hour in a magnetic stirrer to obtain a mixture. Apply the mixture to a fiberglass cloth (0.15mm thick) using a high-precision linear coater (25μm), and then heat and dry at 80℃ under normal pressure for 10 minutes. Repeat the above coating and drying process three times to obtain aluminum plant sludge / magnesium hydroxide flame-retardant wrapping tape.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] Add 1.67 parts of dried aluminum plant sludge powder, 3.33 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 40 parts of water, and 4 parts of VAE emulsion. Sonicate at 100W for 30 minutes, then stir at 800r / min for 1 hour in a magnetic stirrer to obtain a mixture. Apply the mixture to a fiberglass cloth (0.15mm thick) using a high-precision linear coater (25μm), and then heat and dry at 80℃ under normal pressure for 10 minutes. Repeat the above coating and drying process three times to obtain aluminum plant sludge / magnesium hydroxide flame-retardant wrapping tape.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] Add 1.67 parts of dried aluminum plant sludge powder, 3.33 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 40 parts of water, and 4 parts of VAE emulsion. Sonicate at 100W for 30 minutes, then stir at 800r / min for 1 hour in a magnetic stirrer to obtain a mixture. Apply the mixture to a fiberglass cloth (0.15mm thick) using a high-precision linear coater (25μm), and then heat and dry at 80℃ under normal pressure for 10 minutes. Repeat the above coating and drying process three times to obtain aluminum plant sludge / aluminum hydroxide flame-retardant wrapping tape.

[0065] Example 6

[0066] Add 1.67 parts of dried aluminum plant sludge powder, 3.33 parts of magnesium-aluminum bimetallic hydroxide, 40 parts of water, and 4 parts of VAE emulsion. Sonicate at 100W for 30 minutes, then stir at 800r / min for 1 hour in a magnetic stirrer to obtain a mixture. Apply the mixture to a fiberglass cloth (0.15mm thick) using a high-precision linear coater (25μm), and then heat and dry at 80℃ under normal pressure for 10 minutes. Repeat the above coating and drying process three times to obtain aluminum plant sludge / magnesium-aluminum bimetallic hydroxide flame-retardant wrapping tape.

[0067] Example 7

[0068] Add 1.67 parts of dried aluminum plant sludge powder, 3.33 parts of nickel-aluminum bimetallic hydroxide, 40 parts of water, and 4 parts of VAE emulsion. Sonicate at 100W for 30 minutes, then stir at 800r / min for 1 hour in a magnetic stirrer to obtain a mixture. Apply the mixture to a fiberglass cloth (0.15mm thick) using a high-precision linear coater (25μm), and then heat and dry at 80℃ under normal pressure for 10 minutes. Repeat the above coating and drying process three times to obtain aluminum plant sludge / nickel-aluminum bimetallic hydroxide flame-retardant wrapping tape.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] Add 5 parts magnesium hydroxide, 40 parts water, and 4 parts VAE emulsion, and sonicate at 100W for 30 minutes. Then stir at 800 rpm for 1 hour in a magnetic stirrer to obtain a mixture. Apply the mixture to a fiberglass cloth (0.15 mm thick) using a high-precision linear coater (25 μm), and then heat and dry at 80°C under normal pressure for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture. Repeat the above coating and drying process 3 times to obtain magnesium hydroxide flame retardant wrapping tape.

[0071] Test Example 1

[0072] Performance Evaluation

[0073] Flame retardant tapes prepared in the examples and comparative examples were tested for flame retardancy, oxygen index, basis weight and mechanical properties.

[0074] 1. Flame retardancy test: The oxygen index of the tape is measured in an oxygen index meter. Under specified conditions, the oxygen index (LOI) is the minimum oxygen concentration required for the material to burn flammably in an oxygen-nitrogen mixed gas flow. The lower the oxygen index (LOI), the easier the material is to burn.

[0075] 2. Thickness and weight test: Cut the bag strap into a circle with a diameter of 10cm and test its thickness and weight.

[0076] 3. Mechanical performance test: Cut the strap into strips of 250mm×40mm and test them in a universal tensile testing machine at 50mm / min.

[0077] Figure 1 The X-ray diffraction pattern of the aluminum plant sludge used in this example is shown. Figure 1 It is known that aluminum plant sludge is mainly composed of boehmite and bayonetite. Boehmite and bayonetite are highly insulating materials that can effectively improve the insulation of the wrapping tape. Furthermore, when aluminum plant sludge decomposes under heat, it releases a large amount of water, which can effectively dilute the concentration of combustible gases and reduce their combustion-supporting effect. Simultaneously, the Al2O3 produced after the decomposition of boehmite is a dense refractory material that can cover the material surface, combining with carbon to form a dense protective layer that inhibits the generation of combustible gases, providing heat insulation and oxygen isolation, thereby achieving flame retardant and smoke-suppressing effects. This dual effect makes aluminum plant sludge an effective flame-retardant material.

[0078] Figure 2 The thermogravimetric curves of aluminum plant sludge and magnesium hydroxide are shown in the figure. As can be seen from the figure, the aluminum plant sludge decomposes over a wide temperature range, while magnesium hydroxide begins to decompose at 300℃. At 1000℃, the residual solids of both aluminum plant sludge and magnesium hydroxide exceed 50wt%, indicating that aluminum plant sludge and magnesium hydroxide can effectively exert gas-phase flame retardant and cohesive flame retardant mechanisms.

[0079] Table 1 shows the performance test results of the flame-retardant tapes prepared in the examples and comparative examples.

[0080] sample LOI / % Thickness / mm <![CDATA[Grammage / (g / m 2 )]]> Tensile strength / MPa Elongation / % Example 1 90 0.16～0.18 187 143.49 6.11 Example 2 100 0.17～0.19 191 136.27 5.69 Example 3 100 0.17～0.19 193 126.27 5.55 Example 4 100 0.18～0.19 198 142.18 5.93 Example 5 100 0.17～0.19 198 140.24 5.83 Example 6 100 0.18～0.20 200 139.67 5.80 Example 7 100 0.18～0.19 199 141.96 5.79 Comparative Example 1 100 0.18～0.20 203 145.15 5.65

[0081] As shown in Table 1, Examples 1-4 have very high oxygen indices, all exceeding 90%, making them extremely difficult to burn. Example 4, while maintaining a high oxygen index, exhibits superior tensile strength and elongation properties compared to other formulations, while its basis weight and thickness are similar. Therefore, Example 4 represents the optimal formulation. Consequently, aluminum plant sludge powder was formulated with different hydroxides in the same proportions as in Example 4 to produce Examples 5-7.

[0082] Examples 4-7 compare the performance of flame-retardant wrapping tapes made from aluminum plant sludge and different hydroxides in the same proportion. It can be seen that Example 4 exhibits the best overall performance, with a high oxygen index, low basis weight, high tensile strength, and elongation. Therefore, considering all the properties of the wrapping tapes, the aluminum plant sludge / magnesium hydroxide flame-retardant wrapping tape of Example 4 has the best performance, exhibiting lightweight, high mechanical properties, and high flame retardancy.

[0083] Example 1 compares the performance of flame-retardant tape containing only aluminum plant sludge and only magnesium hydroxide, with the same addition amount. It is known that the basis weight and elongation of Example 1 are 187 g / m².2 The oxygen index and tensile strength of Example 1 were 6.11%, both superior to those of Comparative Example 1. Furthermore, the oxygen index and tensile strength of Example 1 were 90% and 143.49 MPa, respectively, similar to Comparative Example 1. Therefore, considering all the properties of the wrapping tape, the flame-retardant wrapping tape of Example 1 exhibits the best performance, possessing characteristics of being lightweight, having high mechanical properties, and being highly flame-retardant.

[0084] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge, wherein the raw materials for preparation, by weight parts, include: 1-6 parts of dried aluminum plant sludge powder, 0 or 3-6 parts of inorganic hydroxide, 3-8 parts of VAE latex, and 20-50 parts of water; The aluminum plant sludge comprises one or more of boehmite, Bayerite, α-alumina, and β-alumina; the aluminum plant sludge is dehydrated, dried, and then pulverized before use to obtain dried aluminum plant sludge powder; the particle size of the dried aluminum plant sludge powder is 0.074~0.45mm. The inorganic hydroxide is one or more of magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium-aluminum bimetallic hydroxide, and nickel-aluminum bimetallic hydroxide.

2. The preparation method of the fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge as described in claim 1, comprising the following steps: The raw materials are dispersed to obtain a mixture, which is then dried to obtain a fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dispersion process includes ultrasonic dispersion and / or stirring dispersion; The ultrasonic dispersion time is 15~60min, and the power is 80~120W; The stirring and mixing time is 0.5~3h, and the speed is 500~1000r / min.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drying process includes one or more of the following: room temperature drying, atmospheric pressure heating drying, and vacuum heating drying. The room temperature drying time is 10~60 min; The temperature for atmospheric pressure heating and drying is 30~90℃, and the time is 5~30min; The vacuum heating drying temperature is 30~90℃, and the time is 5~30min.

5. The application of the fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge as described in claim 1 or the fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 2 to 4 in cable wrapping.

6. A flame-retardant cable, comprising a cable substrate and a fire-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge as described in claim 1, covering the surface of the cable substrate.

7. The method for preparing the flame-retardant cable according to claim 6, comprising the following steps: The raw materials for preparing the fireproof and flame-retardant material based on aluminum plant sludge as described in claim 1 are dispersed to obtain a mixture. The mixture is then coated onto a cable substrate and dried to obtain a flame-retardant cable.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The dispersion process includes ultrasonic dispersion and / or stirring dispersion; The ultrasonic dispersion time is 15~60min, and the power is 80~120W; The stirring and mixing time is 0.5~3h, and the speed is 500~1000r / min; The drying process includes one or more of the following: room temperature drying, atmospheric pressure heating drying, and vacuum heating drying.

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