Ventilation device and method for deep-buried extra-long tunnel construction

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel ventilation, and particularly relates to a ventilation device and method for deep-buried extra-long tunnel construction. Comprising a first ventilation square pipe which is vertically arranged, the first ventilation square pipe penetrates through the top of a tunnel and communicates with the exterior of the tunnel, a forward and reverse rotation fan is installed at the end, close to the exterior of the tunnel, of the first ventilation square pipe, and a conical dust outlet is formed in the end, away from the forward and reverse rotation fan, of the first ventilation square pipe; the conical dust outlet is provided and communicated with a dust collection container; filtering and ash removal are circularly carried out, ventilation and exhaust in the tunnel are achieved, and meanwhile the problem that a filter screen needs to be frequently maintained and replaced can be solved; according to the tunnel ventilation and dust removal device, exhaust and dust removal operation is conducted on one side of tunnel construction, the construction working environment is guaranteed, ventilation can be conducted on all positions of a tunnel, and it is guaranteed that fresh air is not polluted during ventilation while efficient dust removal is achieved in a ventilation and exhaust and dust removal separated treatment mode; the blocking probability of the filter screen plate can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel ventilation, and in particular relates to a ventilation device and method for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction. Background Art

[0002] During tunnel construction, the ventilation system is crucial. It aims to provide good air circulation to protect the health of workers and construction safety. Its meaning is to ensure the freshness and harmlessness of the air inside the tunnel through ventilation equipment and methods. The ventilation system can effectively reduce the concentration of harmful gases in the tunnel, control dust, maintain appropriate temperature and humidity, thereby protecting the health of workers and preventing accidents such as poisoning and suffocation. At the same time, for the construction of deep and long tunnels, a good ventilation environment is needed to ensure construction safety.

[0003] The Chinese patent application number 202410543816.2 provides a ventilation system for tunnel construction; the system includes two main tunnels that are jointly constructed, and a branch tunnel connecting the two main tunnels is arranged between the two main tunnels. A construction passage connecting to the outside is arranged on one side of at least one main tunnel, and a ventilation duct for conveying fresh air to the main tunnel is arranged in the construction passage. At least one branch tunnel is provided with sealing walls for closing the branch tunnel at both ends to form a wind bin, and the ventilation duct is connected to the ventilation bin, and an exhaust duct is arranged on the wind bin to provide the air in the wind bin to the construction position; an air purification device is arranged in the wind bin, and the air purification device is connected to an exhaust duct. The exhaust duct extends out of the wind bin and extends to the construction position of the main tunnel, which is used to draw the air in the main tunnel into the air purification device, and the air purification device discharges the purified air into the wind bin; so as to solve the technical problem that the existing ventilation method cannot meet the ventilation of long-distance tunnels.

[0004] When ventilation and exhaust are carried out during tunnel construction, filtering and dust removal operations are usually required during the exhaust process, resulting in the filter components often needing to be replaced; and when ventilation and exhaust dust removal are carried out through pipes, the fresh air entering may be contaminated by the dust attached to the pipes, resulting in reduced air quality. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to address the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a ventilation device and method for deep-buried extra-long tunnel construction. The present invention realizes filtering and dust cleaning cycles, and while solving the ventilation and exhaust in the tunnel, can avoid the problem of frequent maintenance and replacement of the filter screen; the present invention not only realizes exhaust and dust removal operations on one side of the tunnel construction to ensure the construction working environment, but also can ventilate various positions of the tunnel, and also realizes efficient dust removal through the separate treatment of ventilation and exhaust dust removal, while ensuring that the fresh air during ventilation is not polluted; the present invention can reduce the probability of filter screen blockage.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction, comprising a first ventilation square pipe arranged vertically, the first ventilation square pipe passing through the top of the tunnel and connected to the outside of the tunnel, a forward and reverse rotating fan installed at one end of the first ventilation square pipe close to the outside of the tunnel, a conical dust outlet provided at one end of the first ventilation square pipe away from the forward and reverse rotating fan, and a dust collecting container installed and connected to the conical dust outlet;

[0008] A second square ventilation tube is disposed laterally on the side wall of the first square ventilation tube, and the second square ventilation tube is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the tunnel through a hanging plate, and one end of the second square ventilation tube away from the first square ventilation tube is located close to the tunnel construction side; a switching mechanism is installed at the connection between the first square ventilation tube and the second square ventilation tube for switching the direction of the filter screen.

[0009] Further, the switching mechanism includes an L-shaped partition plate and a cross-shaped partition plate, and first rotating shafts are provided at both ends of the central axis of the cross-shaped partition plate, and the two first rotating shafts pass through two opposite side walls of the first ventilation square tube and are rotatably connected to the side walls of the first ventilation square tube, and the cross-shaped partition plate separates one end of the first ventilation square tube located below the second ventilation square tube;

[0010] A second rotating shaft is provided at both ends of the central axis of the L-shaped partition plate, and the second two rotating shafts pass through the two opposite side walls of the first ventilation square tube and are rotatably connected to the side walls of the first ventilation square tube. One side of the L-shaped partition plate is a filter screen; one end of the L-shaped partition plate abuts against the cross-shaped partition plate, and the other end abuts against the first ventilation square tube and a side wall of one end located above the second ventilation square tube; when the filter screen abuts against the cross-shaped partition plate, the other end of the L-shaped partition plate abuts against the second ventilation square tube and the side wall close to the second ventilation square tube.

[0011] Furthermore, the switching mechanism also includes a forward and reverse motor, which is installed on the outer wall of the first ventilation square tube, and the output shaft of the forward and reverse motor is fixedly connected to the first transmission gear, the end of the second rotating shaft located outside the first ventilation square tube is fixedly connected to the second transmission gear, and the end of the first rotating shaft located outside the first ventilation square tube is fixedly connected to the third transmission gear, and the first transmission gear is respectively meshed with the second transmission gear and the third transmission gear.

[0012] Furthermore, the second ventilation square tube includes an outer square tube and an inner square tube arranged inside the outer square tube, one end of the outer square tube is connected to the side wall of the first ventilation square tube, one end of the outer square tube extends inward away from the first ventilation square tube and is provided with a sealing block, the sealing block is fixedly connected to one end of the inner square tube, and a plurality of air outlets are opened at the bottom of the outer square tube.

[0013] Furthermore, an inner edge is fixedly provided on the inner wall of one end of the outer square tube close to the first ventilation square tube, and an outer edge is fixedly provided on the outer wall of one end of the inner square tube close to the first ventilation square tube. The inner edge and the outer edge are fixedly connected by a plurality of fixing blocks, and an air outlet is formed between the inner edge and the outer edge.

[0014] Furthermore, a sealing mechanism is provided in the outer square tube, and the sealing mechanism includes a first sealing plate and a second sealing plate; four first sliding rods are fixedly connected around one side of the outer edge close to the first ventilation square tube, and a first protrusion is fixedly provided at one end of the first sliding rod; the four first sliding rods are slidably connected to the first sealing plate together, and a first spring is sleeved on the first sliding rod, and the two ends of the first spring respectively abut the first sealing plate and the first protrusion; under the action of the first spring, the first sealing plate seals against the outer edge.

[0015] Furthermore, four second sliding rods are fixedly connected around the side of the inner edge away from the first ventilation square tube, and a second protrusion is fixedly provided at one end of the second sliding rod; the four second sliding rods are slidably connected to the second sealing plate together, and a second spring is sleeved on the second sliding rod, and the two ends of the second spring respectively abut the second sealing plate and the second protrusion; under the action of the second spring, the second sealing plate seals against the inner edge; there is a gap between the second sealing plate and the inner wall of the outer square tube.

[0016] Furthermore, a dustproof net is installed in the air outlet, and a receiving plate is fixedly provided on the edge of one end of the first ventilation square tube close to the outside of the tunnel. A plurality of screw holes are opened on the receiving plate, and the receiving plate is fixedly connected to the forward and reverse blower by bolts.

[0017] Furthermore, the hanging plate includes a bottom plate, the bottom plate is located below the second ventilation square tube, both ends of the bottom plate are fixedly connected with hanging rods by bolts, and the hanging rods are fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0018] The present invention also claims a method for ventilation using the above-mentioned ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1, turn on the forward and reverse motors, so that the forward and reverse motors drive the first transmission gear to rotate counterclockwise, and through meshing, the second transmission gear and the third transmission gear are both rotated 90° clockwise, so that the filter plate becomes a vertical state;

[0020] S2, turn on the forward and reverse rotating fans, and draw the air in the first ventilation square tube out through the forward and reverse rotating fans. Under the wind pressure, the second sealing plate seals against the inner edge, and the first sealing plate slides along the first sliding rod to break away from the abutment with the outer edge, so that the first ventilation square tube is connected with the inner square tube, and the air with dust is drawn into the inner square tube, and the air is discharged outside the tunnel after being filtered by the filter plate;

[0021] S3, stop the forward and reverse fan operation, start the forward and reverse motor, so that the forward and reverse motor drives the first transmission gear to rotate clockwise, and through meshing, the second transmission gear and the third transmission gear are both rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise, so that the filter plate becomes horizontal, and the cross-shaped partition plate transfers the accumulated dust into the dust outlet;

[0022] S4. Turn on the forward and reverse rotating fans to draw fresh air into the first ventilation square tube, and the dust on the filter screen is blown into the cross-shaped partition plate; under wind pressure, the first sealing plate seals against the outer edge, and the second sealing plate slides along the second sliding rod to break away from the abutment with the inner edge, so that the first ventilation square tube is connected with the outer square tube, and fresh air enters the outer square tube and is discharged from the air outlet for ventilation.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) The present invention performs ventilation and exhaust operations through the forward and reverse rotation of the fan, and realizes the filtering and cleaning cycle by connecting the first ventilation square tube with the second ventilation square tube and cooperating with the switching of the switching mechanism, thereby avoiding the problem that the filter needs to be frequently maintained and replaced; specifically, the present invention first turns on the forward and reverse rotation motor, so that the forward and reverse rotation motor drives the first transmission gear to rotate counterclockwise, and through meshing, the second transmission gear and the third transmission gear are both rotated 90° clockwise, so that the filter plate becomes a vertical state; at this time, the fan is rotated to exhaust air, and the dust-carrying air near the tunnel construction is extracted to realize the exhaust operation, and the exhaust During the process of air circulation, the dust will be filtered by the filter plate and intercepted on one side of the L-shaped partition plate and the cross-shaped partition plate. The dust particles gradually accumulate on the cross-shaped partition plate. Then stop the forward and reverse fan operation, turn on the forward and reverse motor, and drive the first transmission gear to rotate clockwise. Through meshing, the second transmission gear and the third transmission gear are rotated 90° counterclockwise, so that the filter plate becomes horizontal. The cross-shaped partition plate transfers the accumulated dust into the dust outlet for cleaning. At this time, the air is supplied by the reverse fan, and the fresh air is discharged into the second ventilation square pipe to realize ventilation operation, and the filter plate is back-blown and cleaned by fresh air. The dust adhering to the filter plate falls on the L-shaped partition plate, and the cycle continues. When the L-shaped partition plate rotates clockwise next time, the L-shaped partition plate will fall into the dust outlet again, thereby realizing the filtration and cleaning cycle. While solving the ventilation and exhaust in the tunnel, it can avoid the problem of frequent maintenance and replacement of the filter.

[0025] (2) The present invention realizes the separate treatment of ventilation and exhaust dust removal through the structural design of the sealing mechanism, in coordination with the outer square tube and the inner square tube. Specifically, when exhaust dust removal is required, the air in the first ventilation square tube is sucked out through the forward and reverse rotation of the fan. Under the wind pressure, the second sealing plate seals against the inner edge, and the first sealing plate slides along the first sliding rod to separate from the abutment with the outer edge, thereby connecting the first ventilation square tube with the inner square tube. The air containing dust is sucked into the inner square tube, and the air is discharged to the outside of the tunnel after being filtered by the filter screen. When ventilation is required, the air in the first ventilation square tube is sucked out through the forward and reverse rotation of the fan. Fresh air is drawn into the first ventilation square tube. Under wind pressure, the first sealing plate seals against the outer edge, and the second sealing plate slides along the second sliding rod to disengage from the inner edge, thereby connecting the first ventilation square tube with the outer square tube. Fresh air enters the outer square tube and is discharged from the air outlet for ventilation. This not only realizes exhaust and dust removal operations on one side of the tunnel construction to ensure the construction working environment, but also ventilates various positions of the tunnel. Moreover, by separating ventilation and exhaust dust removal, efficient dust removal is achieved while ensuring that the fresh air during ventilation is not polluted.

[0026] (3) During exhaust and dust removal, the first sealing plate of the present invention can initially block the dust, thereby preventing the air containing dust from directly impacting the filter screen, thereby causing part of the dust to fall in advance and reducing the probability of clogging the filter screen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The overall structure of a ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction according to the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dispersed structure of a ventilation device for deep-buried extra-long tunnel construction according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the switching mechanism structure of a ventilation device for deep-buried extra-long tunnel construction according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 The overall structure of a ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction according to the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the dispersed structure of the second ventilation square pipe of a ventilation device for deep-buried extra-long tunnel construction according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 The partial structure diagram of the sealing mechanism of a ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the local dispersed structure of the sealing mechanism of a ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction according to the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0035] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the local dispersed structure of the sealing mechanism of a ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction according to the present invention Figure 2 .

[0036] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0037] First ventilation square tube-100; receiving plate-110; second ventilation square tube-200; outer square tube-210; air outlet-211; dust screen-212; inner edge-213; fixing block-214; inner square tube-220; outer edge-221; sealing block-230; forward and reverse fan-300; conical dust outlet-400; hanging plate-500; hanging rod-510; bottom plate-520; switching mechanism-600; forward and reverse motor-610; L-shaped partition plate -620; filter screen plate -621; second rotating shaft -622; cross-shaped partition plate -630; first rotating shaft -631; second transmission gear -640; third transmission gear -650; first transmission gear -660; sealing mechanism -700; first sealing plate -710; first spring -720; first slide bar -730; first protrusion -731; second sealing plate -740; second spring -750; second slide bar -760; second protrusion -761. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0039] Although the steps in the present invention are arranged with numbers, they are not used to limit the order of the steps. Unless the order of the steps is clearly stated or the execution of a certain step requires other steps as a basis, the relative order of the steps can be adjusted. It is understood that the term "and / or" used in this article involves and covers any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0040] Example

[0041] like Figures 1 to 9As shown, a ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction includes a first ventilation square tube 100 arranged vertically, the first ventilation square tube 100 passes through the top of the tunnel and is connected to the outside of the tunnel, a forward and reverse blower 300 is installed at one end of the first ventilation square tube 100 close to the outside of the tunnel, and a conical dust outlet 400 is provided at one end of the first ventilation square tube 100 away from the forward and reverse blower 300, and a dust collecting container is installed and connected to the conical dust outlet 400; the conical dust outlet 400 facilitates the falling and collection of dust;

[0042] It is worth noting that the forward and reverse fan 300 of the present invention can control the change of wind direction to achieve exhaust and air supply operations, which is a prior art. At the same time, the present invention has the function of collecting dust for the dust collecting container connected to the conical dust outlet 400, and does not further limit the specific shape of the dust collecting container.

[0043] A transversely arranged second square ventilation tube 200 is connected to the side wall of the first square ventilation tube 100, and the second square ventilation tube 200 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the tunnel through a hanging plate 500. The end of the second square ventilation tube 200 away from the first square ventilation tube 100 is located close to the tunnel construction side; a switching mechanism 600 is installed at the connection between the first square ventilation tube 100 and the second square ventilation tube 200 for switching the direction of the filter screen 621.

[0044] It is worth noting that the lengths of the first square ventilation tube 100 and the second square ventilation tube 200 in the schematic diagram of the present invention are only schematic diagrams, and no further length limitation is imposed. The lengths of the first square ventilation tube 100 and the second square ventilation tube 200 can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0045] The present invention performs ventilation and exhaust operations through the forward and reverse rotating fan 300, and realizes filtering and cleaning cycles by connecting the first ventilation square tube 100 with the second ventilation square tube 200 and cooperating with the switching of the switching mechanism 600, thereby avoiding the problem of frequent maintenance and replacement of the filter net, which will be described in detail later.

[0046] Furthermore, the switching mechanism 600 includes an L-shaped partition plate 620 and a cross-shaped partition plate 630, and first rotating shafts 631 are provided at both ends of the central axis of the cross-shaped partition plate 630. The two first rotating shafts 631 pass through the two opposite side walls of the first ventilation square tube 100 and are rotatably connected to the side walls of the first ventilation square tube 100. The cross-shaped partition plate 630 separates the end of the first ventilation square tube 100 located below the second ventilation square tube 200; through the cross-shaped partition plate 630, the conical dust outlet 400 can be separated from the first ventilation square tube 100 to prevent the forward and reverse rotating fan 300 from affecting the dust collected below the conical dust outlet 400 when performing ventilation and exhaust.

[0047] The two ends of the central axis of the L-shaped partition plate 620 are provided with a second rotating shaft 622, the second two rotating shafts 622 pass through the two opposite side walls of the first ventilation square tube 100 and are rotatably connected with the side walls of the first ventilation square tube 100, and one side of the L-shaped partition plate 620 is a filter screen plate 621; one end of the L-shaped partition plate 620 abuts against the cross-shaped partition plate 630, and the other end abuts against the side wall of the first ventilation square tube 100 and located above the second ventilation square tube 200; when the filter screen plate 621 abuts against the cross-shaped partition plate 630, the other end of the L-shaped partition plate 620 abuts against the side wall of the second ventilation square tube 200 and close to the second ventilation square tube 200. By rotating the L-shaped partition plate 620, the filter screen plate 621 can be in two different states, horizontal or vertical, to meet different needs, which will be described in detail later.

[0048] Furthermore, the switching mechanism 600 also includes a forward and reverse motor 610, which is installed on the outer wall of the first ventilation square tube 100, and the output shaft of the forward and reverse motor 610 is fixedly connected to the first transmission gear 660, the second rotating shaft 622 is located at one end outside the first ventilation square tube 100 and is fixedly connected to the second transmission gear 640, the first rotating shaft 631 is located at one end outside the first ventilation square tube 100 and is fixedly connected to the third transmission gear 650, and the first transmission gear 660 is respectively meshed with the second transmission gear 640 and the third transmission gear 650.

[0049] It is worth noting that the forward and reverse motor 610 of the present invention can rotate forward or reverse, and can be a stepper motor that rotates a fixed angle, which is the prior art; and, the forward and reverse fan 300 and the forward and reverse motor 610 of the present invention are both controlled by an external power supply, which will not be described in detail here.

[0050] The present invention first turns on the forward and reverse motor 610, so that the forward and reverse motor 610 drives the first transmission gear 660 to rotate counterclockwise, and through meshing, the second transmission gear 640 and the third transmission gear 650 are both rotated 90° clockwise, so that the filter plate 621 becomes a vertical state; at this time, the reverse fan 300 is used to extract air, and the dust-carrying air near the tunnel construction can be extracted to achieve the exhaust operation, and the dust will be filtered by the filter plate 621 during the exhaust process, and be intercepted on one side of the L-shaped partition plate 620 and the cross-shaped partition plate 630, and the dust particles are gradually accumulated on the cross-shaped partition plate 630; then stop the operation of the forward and reverse blower 300, turn on the forward and reverse motor 610, and make the forward and reverse motor 610 drive the first transmission gear 660 to rotate clockwise. Through meshing, the second transmission gear 640 and the third transmission gear 650 are both rotated 90° counterclockwise, so that the filter plate 621 becomes horizontal, and the cross-shaped partition plate 630 transfers the accumulated dust into the dust outlet 400 to achieve dust cleaning. At this time, the air is supplied by the reverse blower 300, and the fresh air is discharged into the second ventilation square tube 200 to achieve ventilation operation, and the filter plate 621 is back-blown and cleaned by fresh air. The dust adhered to the filter plate 621 falls on the L-shaped partition plate 620, and the cycle is repeated. When the L-shaped partition plate 620 rotates clockwise next time, the L-shaped partition plate 620 will fall into the dust outlet 400 again, thereby realizing the filtration and dust cleaning cycle. While solving the ventilation and exhaust in the tunnel, it can avoid the problem of frequent maintenance and replacement of the filter.

[0051] Furthermore, the second ventilation square tube 200 includes an outer square tube 210 and an inner square tube 220 arranged inside the outer square tube 210, one end of the outer square tube 210 is connected to the side wall of the first ventilation square tube 100, and one end of the outer square tube 210 extends inward away from the first ventilation square tube 100 and is provided with a sealing block 230, the sealing block 230 is fixedly connected to one end of the inner square tube 220, and a plurality of air outlets 211 are opened at the bottom of the outer square tube 210.

[0052] Furthermore, an inner edge 213 is fixedly provided on the inner wall of one end of the outer square tube 210 close to the first ventilation square tube 100, and an outer edge 221 is fixedly provided on the outer wall of one end of the inner square tube 220 close to the first ventilation square tube 100. The inner edge 213 and the outer edge 221 are fixedly connected by a plurality of fixing blocks 214, and an air outlet is formed between the inner edge 213 and the outer edge 221.

[0053] Furthermore, a sealing mechanism 700 is provided in the outer square tube 210, and the sealing mechanism 700 includes a first sealing plate 710 and a second sealing plate 740; four first sliding rods 730 are fixedly connected around one side of the outer edge 221 close to the first ventilation square tube 100, and a first protrusion 731 is fixedly provided at one end of the first sliding rod 730; the four first sliding rods 730 are slidably connected to the first sealing plate 710 together, and a first spring 720 is sleeved on the first sliding rod 730, and the two ends of the first spring 720 respectively abut the first sealing plate 710 and the first protrusion 731; under the action of the first spring 720, the first sealing plate 710 seals against the outer edge 221.

[0054] Furthermore, four second sliding rods 760 are fixedly connected around the side of the inner edge 213 away from the first ventilation square tube 100, and a second protrusion 761 is fixedly provided at one end of the second sliding rod 760; the four second sliding rods 760 are slidably connected to the second sealing plate 740 together, and a second spring 750 is sleeved on the second sliding rod 760, and the two ends of the second spring 750 respectively abut the second sealing plate 740 and the second protrusion 761; under the action of the second spring 750, the second sealing plate 740 seals against the inner edge 213; there is a gap between the second sealing plate 740 and the inner wall of the outer square tube 210.

[0055] The present invention realizes the separation of ventilation and exhaust dust removal through the structural design of the sealing mechanism 700, in coordination with the outer square tube 210 and the inner square tube 220. Specifically, when exhaust dust removal is required, the air in the first ventilation square tube 100 is sucked out through the forward and reverse rotation of the fan 300. Under the wind pressure, the second sealing plate 740 seals against the inner edge 213, and the first sealing plate 710 slides along the first sliding rod 730 to disengage from the abutment with the outer edge 221, so that the first ventilation square tube 100 is connected with the inner square tube 220, and the air with dust is sucked into the inner square tube 220, and the air is discharged to the outside of the tunnel after being filtered by the filter screen plate 621. When ventilation is required, the air in the first ventilation square tube 100 is sucked out through the forward and reverse rotation of the fan 300. The fan 300 draws fresh air into the first ventilation square tube 100. Under wind pressure, the first sealing plate 710 seals against the outer edge 221, and the second sealing plate 740 slides along the second sliding rod 760 to disengage from the inner edge 213, thereby connecting the first ventilation square tube 100 with the outer square tube 210. Fresh air enters the outer square tube 210 and is discharged from the air outlet 211 for ventilation. This not only realizes exhaust and dust removal operations on one side of the tunnel construction to ensure the construction working environment, but also ventilates various positions of the tunnel. Moreover, by separating the ventilation and exhaust dust removal processes, efficient dust removal is achieved while ensuring that the fresh air during ventilation is not polluted.

[0056] During exhaust and dust removal, the first sealing plate 710 can initially block the dust, thereby preventing the dust-laden air from directly impacting the filter screen 621 , thereby causing part of the dust to fall in advance and reducing the probability of clogging the filter screen 621 .

[0057] Furthermore, a dustproof net 212 is installed in the air outlet 211, and a receiving plate 110 is fixedly provided on the edge of one end of the first ventilation square tube 100 close to the outside of the tunnel. A plurality of screw holes are opened on the receiving plate 110, and the receiving plate 110 is fixedly connected to the forward and reverse rotating fan 300 by bolts.

[0058] Furthermore, the hanging plate 500 includes a bottom plate 520, and the bottom plate 520 is located below the second ventilation square tube 200. Both ends of the bottom plate 520 are fixedly connected with hanging rods 510 by bolts, and the hanging rods 510 are fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0059] It is worth noting that during the construction of deep-buried extra-long tunnels, the number of ventilation devices will continue to increase as the tunnel depth increases, so as to meet the ventilation and exhaust dust removal needs of the increasingly deeper tunnel construction side, and avoid the technical problem that a single ventilation duct cannot meet the ventilation and exhaust dust removal needs as the tunnel becomes deeper and deeper.

[0060] A method for ventilation using the above-mentioned ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction comprises the following steps:

[0061] S1, turn on the forward and reverse motor 610, so that the forward and reverse motor 610 drives the first transmission gear 660 to rotate counterclockwise, and through meshing, the second transmission gear 640 and the third transmission gear 650 are both rotated 90° clockwise, so that the filter plate 621 becomes a vertical state;

[0062] S2, turn on the forward and reverse blower 300, and draw the air in the first square ventilation tube 100 out through the forward and reverse blower 300. Under the wind pressure, the second sealing plate 740 seals against the inner edge 213, and the first sealing plate 710 slides along the first sliding rod 730 to break away from the abutment with the outer edge 221, so that the first square ventilation tube 100 is connected with the inner square tube 220, and the air with dust is drawn into the inner square tube 220, and the air is discharged outside the tunnel after being filtered by the filter plate 621;

[0063] S3, stop the forward and reverse blower 300, start the forward and reverse motor 610, and make the forward and reverse motor 610 drive the first transmission gear 660 to rotate clockwise, and through meshing, make the second transmission gear 640 and the third transmission gear 650 rotate 90 degrees counterclockwise, so that the filter plate 621 becomes a horizontal state, and the cross-shaped partition plate 630 transfers the accumulated dust into the dust outlet 400;

[0064] S4. Turn on the forward and reverse rotation fan 300, and draw fresh air into the first ventilation square tube 100 through the forward and reverse rotation fan 300, and the dust on the filter plate 621 is blown into the cross-shaped partition plate 630; under wind pressure, the first sealing plate 710 seals against the outer edge 221, and the second sealing plate 740 slides along the second sliding rod 760 to disengage from the abutment with the inner edge 213, so that the first ventilation square tube 100 is connected with the outer square tube 210, and fresh air enters the outer square tube 210 and is discharged from the air outlet 211 for ventilation.

[0065] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and changes without departing from the creative concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first square ventilation pipe (100) arranged vertically, the first square ventilation pipe (100) passing through the top of the tunnel and communicating with the outside of the tunnel, a forward and reverse rotating fan (300) being installed at one end of the first square ventilation pipe (100) close to the outside of the tunnel, and a conical dust outlet (400) being provided at one end of the first square ventilation pipe (100) away from the forward and reverse rotating fan (300), and a dust collecting container being installed and communicating with the conical dust outlet (400); A second square ventilation pipe (200) arranged transversely is connected to the side wall of the first square ventilation pipe (100); the second square ventilation pipe (200) is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the tunnel via a hanging plate (500); an end of the second square ventilation pipe (200) away from the first square ventilation pipe (100) is located close to the tunnel construction side; a switching mechanism (600) is installed at the connection point between the first square ventilation pipe (100) and the second square ventilation pipe (200) for switching the direction of the filter screen plate (621).

2. A ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching mechanism (600) comprises an L-shaped partition plate (620) and a cross-shaped partition plate (630), wherein first rotating shafts (631) are provided at both ends of a central axis of the cross-shaped partition plate (630), wherein the two first rotating shafts (631) pass through two opposite side walls of the first ventilation square tube (100) and are rotatably connected to the side walls of the first ventilation square tube (100), and the cross-shaped partition plate (630) separates one end of the first ventilation square tube (100) located below the second ventilation square tube (200); The two ends of the central axis of the L-shaped partition plate (620) are provided with second rotating shafts (622), the second two rotating shafts (622) pass through the two opposite side walls of the first ventilation square tube (100) and are rotatably connected to the side walls of the first ventilation square tube (100), and one side of the L-shaped partition plate (620) is a filter screen (621); one end of the L-shaped partition plate (620) abuts against the cross-shaped partition plate (630), and the other end abuts against the side wall of the first ventilation square tube (100) and located above the second ventilation square tube (200); when the filter screen (621) abuts against the cross-shaped partition plate (630), the other end of the L-shaped partition plate (620) abuts against the side wall of the second ventilation square tube (200) and close to the second ventilation square tube (200).

3. A ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The switching mechanism (600) further comprises a forward and reverse motor (610), wherein the forward and reverse motor (610) is mounted on the outer wall of the first ventilation square tube (100), the output shaft of the forward and reverse motor (610) is fixedly connected to a first transmission gear (660), one end of the second rotating shaft (622) located outside the first ventilation square tube (100) is fixedly connected to a second transmission gear (640), one end of the first rotating shaft (631) located outside the first ventilation square tube (100) is fixedly connected to a third transmission gear (650), and the first transmission gear (660) is respectively meshed with the second transmission gear (640) and the third transmission gear (650).

4. A ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second ventilation square tube (200) comprises an outer square tube (210) and an inner square tube (220) arranged inside the outer square tube (210); one end of the outer square tube (210) is in communication with the side wall of the first ventilation square tube (100); one end of the outer square tube (210) away from the first ventilation square tube (100) is provided with a sealing block (230) extending inward; the sealing block (230) is fixedly connected to one end of the inner square tube (220); and a plurality of air outlets (211) are provided at the bottom of the outer square tube (210).

5. A ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: An inner edge (213) is fixedly provided on the inner wall of one end of the outer square tube (210) close to the first ventilation square tube (100), and an outer edge (221) is fixedly provided on the outer wall of one end of the inner square tube (220) close to the first ventilation square tube (100); the inner edge (213) and the outer edge (221) are fixedly connected via a plurality of fixing blocks (214), and an air outlet is formed between the inner edge (213) and the outer edge (221).

6. A ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: A sealing mechanism (700) is provided inside the outer square tube (210), and the sealing mechanism (700) comprises a first sealing plate (710) and a second sealing plate (740); four first sliding rods (730) are fixedly connected around one side of the outer edge (221) close to the first ventilation square tube (100), and a first protrusion (731) is fixedly provided at one end of the first sliding rod (730); the four first sliding rods (730) are slidably connected to the first sealing plate (710) together, and a first spring (720) is sleeved on the first sliding rod (730), and the two ends of the first spring (720) respectively abut against the first sealing plate (710) and the first protrusion (731); under the action of the first spring (720), the first sealing plate (710) seals against the outer edge (221).

7. A ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: Four second sliding rods (760) are fixedly connected around the side of the inner edge (213) away from the first ventilation square tube (100), and one end of the second sliding rod (760) is fixedly provided with a second protrusion (761); the four second sliding rods (760) are slidably connected to the second sealing plate (740) together, and a second spring (750) is sleeved on the second sliding rod (760), and the two ends of the second spring (750) respectively abut the second sealing plate (740) and the second protrusion (761); under the action of the second spring (750), the second sealing plate (740) seals against the inner edge (213); there is a gap between the second sealing plate (740) and the inner wall of the outer square tube (210) around it.

8. A ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: A dustproof net (212) is installed in the air outlet (211); a receiving plate (110) is fixedly provided at an edge of one end of the first ventilation square tube (100) close to the outside of the tunnel; a plurality of screw holes are provided on the receiving plate (110); and the receiving plate (110) is fixedly connected to the forward and reverse rotating fan (300) by means of bolts.

9. A ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hanging plate (500) comprises a bottom plate (520), the bottom plate (520) is located below the second square ventilation pipe (200), both ends of the bottom plate (520) are fixedly connected with hanging rods (510) by bolts, and the hanging rods (510) are fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the tunnel.

10. A method for ventilation using the ventilation device for deep buried extra-long tunnel construction according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, turning on the forward and reverse motor (610), so that the forward and reverse motor (610) drives the first transmission gear (660) to rotate counterclockwise, and through meshing, the second transmission gear (640) and the third transmission gear (650) are both rotated 90° clockwise, so that the filter screen plate (621) becomes a vertical state; S2, turning on the forward and reverse rotation fan (300), and drawing the air in the first ventilation square tube (100) out through the forward and reverse rotation fan (300), under the wind pressure, the second sealing plate (740) seals against the inner edge (213), and the first sealing plate (710) slides along the first sliding rod (730) to disengage from the abutment with the outer edge (221), so that the first ventilation square tube (100) is connected with the inner square tube (220), and the air containing dust is drawn into the inner square tube (220), and after being filtered by the filter screen (621), the air is discharged outside the tunnel; S3, stopping the operation of the forward and reverse fan (300), turning on the forward and reverse motor (610), causing the forward and reverse motor (610) to drive the first transmission gear (660) to rotate clockwise, and through meshing, causing the second transmission gear (640) and the third transmission gear (650) to rotate 90° counterclockwise, causing the filter screen plate (621) to become a horizontal state, and the cross-shaped partition plate (630) to transfer the accumulated dust into the dust outlet (400); S4, turning on the forward and reverse rotating fan (300), and drawing fresh air into the first ventilation square tube (100) through the forward and reverse rotating fan (300), and the dust on the filter screen plate (621) is blown into the cross-shaped partition plate (630); under the wind pressure, the first sealing plate (710) seals against the outer edge (221), and the second sealing plate (740) slides along the second sliding rod (760) to be separated from the abutment with the inner edge (213), so that the first ventilation square tube (100) is connected with the outer square tube (210), and the fresh air enters the outer square tube (210) and is discharged from the air outlet (211) for ventilation.

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