Drilling and blasting method subsea tunnel waterproof and drainage system construction method and system

Abstract

The invention provides a drilling and blasting method subsea tunnel waterproof and drainage system construction method and system. The waterproof and drainage system comprises a first drainage structure arranged between the primary support and the geotechnical cloth, a second drainage structure arranged between the geotechnical cloth and the waterproof plate, a third drainage structure arranged between the waterproof plate and the secondary lining, a longitudinal drainage blind pipe and a longitudinal drainage blind pipe overhaul well, and the first drainage structure is communicated with the longitudinal drainage blind pipe overhaul well. The second drainage structure is communicated with a longitudinal drainage blind pipe, the third drainage structure is communicated with a longitudinal drainage blind pipe overhaul well, and the longitudinal drainage blind pipe is communicated with the longitudinal drainage blind pipe overhaul well; according to the waterproof and drainage system, the multiple drainage channels work cooperatively, an efficient drainage network is formed, blockage resistance and drainage performance are high, the residence time of underground water in the tunnel drainage system is shortened, then the degradation speed of the geotechnical cloth and the tunnel drainage pipeline is slowed down, and the overall durability of the tunnel waterproof and drainage system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and in particular to a novel composite tunnel drainage system construction method and system, which can prevent the deterioration of the tunnel drainage system and the occurrence of water leakage in the tunnel structure, thereby improving the overall durability of the tunnel structure. Background Art

[0002] Underground space development is moving towards submarine space development, and more and more submarine tunnel projects are being built on a large scale. From the perspective of economic development and long-term transportation planning, submarine tunnels are an important transportation route to connect the industrial economy on both sides of the sea area, promoting the coordinated development of both sides. However, the construction of submarine tunnel projects is difficult, because submarine tunnels are located in saturated submarine strata, and there is unlimited water supply to the tunnel space. As the amount of seepage increases, it will cause the load of the support structure to increase, thereby increasing the occurrence of sudden water inrush during the tunnel construction period and water leakage during the operation period.

[0003] For submarine tunnels constructed by drilling and blasting, the blasting vibration generated during the construction phase will increase the permeability of the surrounding rock grouting body and shotcrete, thereby increasing the amount of water infiltration in the tunnel. During the seepage process, groundwater continuously erodes the shotcrete structure. The particles such as mud and sand carried by it will cause the blockage of geotextiles and drainage blind pipes in the drainage system after entering the tunnel drainage system, thereby reducing the drainage speed. The two factors of increased infiltration water and reduced drainage speed jointly increase the load on the support structure, which in turn causes cracks in the support structure and may eventually cause water leakage. The drainage system of submarine tunnels constructed by drilling and blasting faces severe challenges, mainly manifested in the aging and failure of geotextile blockage, serious blockage of drainage blind pipes, and failure of waterproof boards. These problems will aggravate the performance degradation of the drainage system in the long-term operation of the tunnel, greatly weaken its drainage efficiency, and then cause a sharp rise in the water level behind the tunnel lining, increase the long-term load of the secondary lining, induce the derivation and expansion of cracks in the tunnel structure, and seriously threaten the safety of submarine tunnel operation and maintenance. In recent years, water leakage accidents have occurred frequently during the operation period of undersea tunnels. The treatment of water leakage during the operation stage of undersea tunnels is highly difficult and complex, which greatly increases the drainage costs during the operation stage.

[0004] Chinese Patent 202420313907.2 discloses an initial support drainage structure for a water-rich tunnel, which is characterized by comprising an annular drainage pipe, a non-woven geotextile, a waterproof board, a longitudinal drainage pipe, and initial support concrete. The annular drainage pipe is laid along the cross section of the tunnel to the arch foot, and is divided into a diversion section, a gradient section, and a water collection section. The diversion section is laid with a half pipe, and the gradient section gradually changes from a half pipe to a full pipe. The water collection section is laid with a full pipe and connected to the longitudinal drainage pipe. The annular drainage pipe is installed on the surrounding rock wall, and non-woven geotextiles and waterproof boards are laid locally and initial support concrete is poured.

[0005] Chinese patent 202222713189.1 discloses a tunnel drainage system for water-rich areas, including a tunnel main body, wherein the tunnel main body includes a tunnel primary branch and a secondary lining, the side and top of the tunnel main body form an arch wall, and a drainage layer is provided between the tunnel primary branch and the secondary lining corresponding to the arch wall, the drainage layer includes a filter layer and a drainage layer, the tunnel primary branch, the filter layer, the drainage layer and the secondary lining are arranged in sequence, and the drainage layer includes: a plate body and a plate protrusion, the number of the plate protrusions is multiple, and the multiple plate protrusions are distributed on the side of the plate body close to the filter layer, and the plate body is plate-shaped as a whole.

[0006] Chinese patent 202322083308.4 discloses a water-rich tunnel drainage system, which is arranged between the primary lining and the secondary lining of the tunnel, and includes: an annular drainage pipe, which extends along the circumference of the inner wall of the tunnel, and the two ends of the annular drainage pipe extend to the arch foot of the tunnel respectively; a longitudinal drainage pipe, two longitudinal drainage pipes are respectively located at the two arch feet of the tunnel and extend along the direction of the tunnel; a transverse drainage pipe group, two groups of transverse drainage pipes are respectively located at the two arch feet of the tunnel, and each group of transverse drainage pipe groups includes multiple transverse drainage pipes, and the multiple transverse drainage pipes correspond to the multiple annular drainage pipes one by one, and are extended to the drainage ditch of the tunnel. The tunnel drainage system extends the tunnel seepage water to the drainage ditch on both sides of the tunnel pavement through the transverse drainage pipes.

[0007] The above-mentioned existing technologies are designed for drainage systems in water-rich areas. Although they have improved the drainage performance of tunnel drainage systems, our field investigations have found that geotextile blockage, drain pipe blockage, and secondary lining cracking and water seepage in tunnel drainage systems are frequent. The above-mentioned existing technologies have not considered the problem of how to effectively drain tunnels after the geotextile blockage fails due to aging, the drainage blind pipe is seriously blocked, and the waterproof board cracks and fails.

[0008] When the current tunnel drainage system is applied to submarine tunnel projects, the tunnel drainage system has already encountered problems such as geotextile clogging, longitudinal drainage pipe clogging, and transverse drainage hole clogging, which has seriously reduced the drainage performance of the tunnel drainage system and increased the safety hazards of the tunnel structure. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a construction method and system for submarine tunnel drainage system that is resistant to clogging and has strong drainage performance to improve the overall durability of the tunnel drainage system. Summary of the invention

[0009] In order to solve the defects of the current tunnel drainage system, the present invention proposes a novel construction method and system for an undersea tunnel drainage system, which has efficient drainage performance and can improve the overall durability of the tunnel drainage system.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, on the one hand, the present invention proposes a construction method of a submarine tunnel waterproofing and drainage system, and the specific steps are as follows: S1. Remove the exposed steel bar heads and anchor heads and other hard objects on the initial support surface, smooth them with cement mortar to prevent damage to the waterproof board, and repair and spray the uneven areas on the initial support surface to ensure that the initial support surface is flat; S2. Arrange a plurality of first annular drainage boards above the initial support arch foot, and fix the first annular drainage boards to the initial support surface by nailing; S3. A longitudinal water collection trough is arranged at the initial support arch foot. The water collection trough is grooved at the position corresponding to the first annular drainage board, and a plurality of first annular drainage boards are inserted into the water collection trough; the water collection trough is fixed to the initial support surface by using expansion screws; the two ports of the water collection trough are connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well; S4. Lay the geotextile and fix the geotextile and hot-melt gasket on the initial support surface with nails. The spacing and arrangement of the fixing points shall be designed according to the design requirements and fixed firmly. S5. Install the longitudinal drainage blind pipe at the tunnel arch foot, set the filter component above the longitudinal drainage blind pipe, arrange it along the tunnel length, use geotextile to reverse the longitudinal drainage blind pipe and the filter component, and fix them with nails; the two ends of the longitudinal drainage blind pipe are connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well; S6. A plurality of second annular drainage plates are arranged above the longitudinal drainage blind pipe, which are spaced apart from the first annular drainage plates between the initial support and the geotextile and fixed by nails, with the ends of the second annular drainage plates being located above the filter component; S7. Lay the waterproof board. The waterproof board is laid in the whole circumferential direction. There is no circumferential overlap between the arch and the side wall. The length of the waterproof board is reasonably cut according to the size of one ring of the secondary lining construction. Use a hot melt gun to bond the hot melt gasket and the waterproof board into a whole to achieve the purpose of fixing the waterproof board; S8. Set a number of circumferential capillary drainage tapes between the waterproof board and the secondary lining, lay them circumferentially above the arch foot, fix them on the surface of the waterproof board by melt-bonding with adhesive strips, and cover their edges with non-woven fabrics; S9. A longitudinal drainage board is arranged between the waterproof board and the secondary lining along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and is overlapped with the annular capillary drainage belt by melt bonding with a hard rubber strip, and its edge is covered with a non-woven fabric; the longitudinal drainage board is directly connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well through the drain port; S10. Longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection wells are set at certain intervals, and grit chambers are set inside the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection wells to precipitate the silt in the tunnel drainage system.

[0011] Furthermore, the first annular drainage board, the second annular drainage board, and the longitudinal drainage board all include concave-convex drainage boards, the concave and convex points of the first annular drainage board point to the initial support, the concave and convex points of the second annular drainage board point to the geotextile, and the concave and convex points of the longitudinal drainage board point to the waterproof board; the geotextile includes a non-woven fabric; the filter component includes a pebble permeable bag or a geotextile that wraps the longitudinal drainage blind pipe in a ring.

[0012] Furthermore, the first annular drain plate and the second annular drain plate are arranged at intervals.

[0013] Furthermore, the first annular drain plate and the second annular drain plate may be arranged at intervals, and the annular capillary drainage belt may be arranged at intervals from the second annular drain plate, but the projection surface does not overlap with the first annular drain plate, and the projection surface formed by the superposition of the first annular drain plate, the second annular drain plate and the annular capillary drainage belt covers the entire annular surface of the tunnel.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention provides a submarine tunnel drainage system, comprising a first drainage structure arranged between the initial support and the geotextile, a second drainage structure arranged between the geotextile and the waterproof board, a third drainage structure arranged between the waterproof board and the secondary lining, a longitudinal drainage blind pipe, and a longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well, wherein the first drainage structure is connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well, the second drainage structure is connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe, the third drainage structure is connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well, and the longitudinal drainage blind pipe is connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well; The first drainage structure includes a plurality of first annular drainage plates arranged at intervals above the arch foot and a water collecting trough arranged at the arch foot along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, wherein the water collecting trough is provided with a notch to allow the first annular drainage plates to be inserted into the water collecting trough, and two ports of the water collecting trough are connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well; The second drainage structure includes a plurality of second annular drainage plates arranged at intervals, and the plurality of second annular drainage plates are connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe; The third drainage structure includes a plurality of annular capillary drainage belts spaced apart above the arch foot and a longitudinal drainage board arranged at the arch foot along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The plurality of annular capillary drainage belts are overlapped with the longitudinal drainage board by melt-bonding with hard rubber strips. The bottom of the longitudinal drainage board is connected to a drain port, which is connected to a longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well.

[0015] Furthermore, the first annular drainage plate and the second annular drainage plate are arranged with intervals.

[0016] Furthermore, the first annular drainage plate, the second annular drainage plate and the annular capillary drainage belt may be arranged at intervals and superimposed to form a projection surface covering the entire annular surface of the tunnel.

[0017] Furthermore, a filter component is provided between the second annular drainage plate and the longitudinal drainage blind pipe. The filter component is located above the longitudinal drainage blind pipe and below the second annular drainage plate, and is arranged along the entire length of the tunnel. The longitudinal drainage blind pipe and the filter component are wrapped with non-woven fabric and fixed with nails.

[0018] Furthermore, the filtering component includes a pebble permeable bag or a geotextile that annularly wraps the longitudinal drainage blind pipe.

[0019] Furthermore, there are a plurality of longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection wells, which are arranged at certain intervals, and a grit chamber is provided inside the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well to precipitate the silt in the tunnel drainage system.

[0020] Furthermore, the first annular drainage board, the second annular drainage board, and the longitudinal drainage board are all configured as concave-convex drainage boards, the concave and convex points of the first annular drainage board point to the initial support, the concave and convex points of the second annular drainage board point to the geotextile, and the concave and convex points of the longitudinal drainage board point to the waterproof board.

[0021] Furthermore, the drain port is fixed to the initial support by means of expansion screws.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: The embodiment of the present invention provides a first drainage structure between the initial support and the geotextile, a second drainage structure between the geotextile and the waterproof board, and a third drainage structure between the waterproof board and the secondary lining, so that there are multiple drainage channels between the initial support and the secondary lining, forming an efficient drainage network that is resistant to blockage and has strong drainage performance, reducing the residence time of groundwater in the tunnel drainage system, and thereby slowing down the deterioration rate of the geotextile and the tunnel drainage pipe.

[0023] The drainage channel between the initial support and the geotextile and the drainage channel between the geotextile and the waterproof board can form a joint drainage network, and perform efficient drainage together in the early stage. When the drainage blind pipe is blocked, the drainage channel between the initial support and the geotextile can be drained independently to prevent groundwater from being retained behind the waterproof board and increasing the load borne by the support structure. The drainage channel between the waterproof board and the secondary lining can overcome the problem of groundwater seeping through weak links such as secondary lining construction joints and cracks after the waterproof board of the tunnel waterproof system deteriorates, thereby avoiding water leakage in the tunnel structure. The drainage system of the present invention works in coordination with multiple drainage channels to improve the overall durability of the tunnel drainage system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of fixing the annular drainage board between the initial support and the geotextile of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overlap of the annular drainage board and the longitudinal water collection trough between the initial support and the geotextile of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the water collecting tank structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a diagram of a longitudinal drainage pipe wrapped in a waterproof layer according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the overlap of the annular capillary drainage belt and the longitudinal drainage board between the waterproof board and the secondary lining of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the drain port structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunnel cross-section drainage system of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well of the present invention.

[0032] Fig. 9 for Figure 7 A partial enlarged view of the structure at point I in the middle.

[0033] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the tunnel drainage system structure along the length direction of the present invention.

[0034] In the above figures: 1. initial support; 2. first annular drainage board; 3. sump; 4. geotextile; 5. second annular drainage board; 6. filter element; 7. waterproof board; 8. annular capillary drainage belt; 9. longitudinal drainage board; 10. secondary lining; 11. drain outlet; 12. longitudinal drainage blind pipe; 13. longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well; 14. grit chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] To facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the present invention, specific implementations of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] The submarine tunnel is located in the saturated submarine strata, and its water source is unlimited. In the design stage of the tunnel drainage system, the design of the tunnel drainage volume should be determined in combination with the load borne by the supporting structure. However, in the actual application process, due to the influence of various factors such as construction, the waterproof performance of the existing waterproof system cannot meet the expectations of the submarine tunnel, resulting in an increase in the amount of infiltration water in the submarine tunnel. In the application process, the existing technology cannot efficiently discharge the infiltrated groundwater, which in turn affects the drainage performance of the tunnel drainage system. The two major factors of increased infiltration water and reduced drainage speed jointly lead to an increase in the load borne by the supporting structure, which in turn causes cracks in the supporting structure and may eventually cause water leakage. If the location of the leakage is directly blocked, since the water source supply of the submarine tunnel is unlimited, the increase in silted water flow will cause the load borne by the secondary lining to increase, which will affect the overall safety of the tunnel structure. This leads to the high difficulty and complexity of the treatment of leakage water in the operation stage of the submarine tunnel. Therefore, the inventor proposes a construction method and system for a submarine tunnel drainage system using a drilling and blasting method.

[0037] Embodiment 1 The present invention proposes a construction method of a submarine tunnel waterproofing and drainage system by a drilling and blasting method, which specifically comprises the following steps: (I) Remove the exposed steel bar heads, anchor rod heads and other hard objects on the surface of the initial support 1, smooth it with cement mortar to prevent damage to the waterproof board 7, and repair and spray the uneven parts on the surface of the initial support 1 to ensure that the surface of the initial support 1 is flat.

[0038] (ii) Use a trolley to lay the first annular drainage board 2 added between the initial support 1 and the geotextile 4 from the arch to the arch foot, and fix it on the surface of the initial support 1 by nailing. The first annular drainage board 2 uses a concave-convex drainage board, and the concave and convex points of the drainage board point to one side of the initial support 1, such as Figure 1 shown; see Figure 2 The first annular drain board 2 has a width C of 500mm and a longitudinal spacing of 5 meters. The first annular drain board 2 should avoid overlapping at the arch wall. If overlapping is required, the overlapping length should not be less than 100mm, and the overlapping position should be located below the arch waist and fixed; the lower drain board is located outside the upper drain board, and the joints of the drain boards are hot-melt welded.

[0039] (iii) A water collection trough 3 is provided along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, such as Figure 2 , 3As shown, a portion of the structure of the water collection tank 3 is cut out, and its groove depth A is 50mm and width B is 300mm. The first annular drainage board 2 and the longitudinal water collection tank 3 are constructed by plug-in method. The insertion length A of the first annular drainage board 2 is 150mm, and the interface is sealed with super glue. The first annular drainage board 2 is located close to the side of the initial support 1 and is fixed to the surface of the initial support 1 with nails. The two ends of the water collection tank 3 are connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well 13, and then the water collection tank 3 is fixed to the surface of the initial support 1 with expansion screws.

[0040] (IV) The geotextile 4 is laid using a trolley. In this embodiment, the geotextile 4 is a non-woven geotextile 4, which is fixed by nailing and heating the fusion gasket. The spacing and arrangement of the fixing points are designed according to the design requirements and are firmly fixed. The non-woven fabric should be laid flat, stretched, and smooth with a certain degree of looseness. When the non-woven fabric needs to be overlapped, the overlap width should not be less than 100 mm.

[0041] (V) A longitudinal drainage blind pipe 12 is installed at the tunnel arch foot. The blind pipe adopts a DN150 double-wall perforated corrugated pipe. A filter component 6 is arranged above the longitudinal drainage blind pipe 12. In this embodiment, a pebble permeable bag is selected. Of course, a layer of geotextile 4 can be added to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe 12. The pebble permeable bag adopts the original rock as a non-soluble material and is arranged along the longitudinal length of the tunnel. The longitudinal drainage blind pipe 12 and the pebble permeable bag are reversed with the geotextile 4 and fixed with nails, such as Figure 4 The two ends of the longitudinal drainage blind pipe 12 are connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well 13.

[0042] (VI) Use a trolley to lay the second annular drainage board 5 between the geotextile 4 and the waterproof board 7, and above the longitudinal drainage blind pipe 12. The width C of the second annular drainage board 5 is 500 mm, and the spacing is 5 meters. It is arranged at intervals with the first annular drainage board 2 between the initial support 1 and the geotextile 4. Use nails to fix the drainage board to the surface of the geotextile 4, with the concave and convex points pointing to the side of the geotextile 4. The end of the second annular drainage board 5 is located above the pebble permeable bag; the second annular drainage board 5 should avoid overlapping in the arch wall. If overlapping is required, the overlapping length A should not be less than 100 mm. The overlapping position must be below the arch waist and fixed at the overlapping position. The lower drainage board is located on the outside of the upper drainage board, and hot-melt welding is used at the overlapping of the drainage boards.

[0043] (VII) The waterproof board 7 is laid by a special platform vehicle. The waterproof board 7 is laid in the whole circumferential direction. There is no circumferential overlap between the arch and the side wall. The length of the waterproof board 7 is reasonably cut according to the size of one ring of the secondary lining construction to minimize the joints. The waterproof board 7 is fixed by a hot melt machine to bond the waterproof board 7 and the hot melt gasket into a whole. The automatic hot melt welding between the waterproof boards 7 uses an automatic double-seam hot melt welding machine. The effective weld width of a single weld is not less than 15mm, and the overlap width of the waterproof board 7 should be greater than 150mm. At least 600mm of overlap margin should be reserved at the edge of the waterproof board 7 laid in sections, and the reserved part should be effectively protected.

[0044] (VIII) An annular capillary drainage strip 8 is provided between the waterproof board 7 and the secondary lining 10, such as Figure 5 As shown, the width C of the annular capillary drainage belt 8 is 200mm, and the annular spacing is 2-3m. In order to avoid damaging the integrity of the waterproof board 7 and the annular capillary drainage belt 8 during the fixing process, the steel nail fixing method is excluded, and the hard rubber strip melt bonding method is adopted. First, the hard rubber strip is used for auxiliary fixing by hot welding, and the left and right ends of the hard rubber strip are respectively aligned with the two side edges of the annular capillary drainage belt 8, and the electric hot air blower is used to melt and bond. The annular capillary drainage belt 8 should avoid overlapping in the annular direction. If overlapping is required, the overlapping length must be greater than 50mm and the lower drainage belt contains the upper drainage belt. The overlapping position is below the arch waist, and a fixed position is set at the overlapping position.

[0045] (IX) A longitudinal drainage board 9 is provided between the waterproof board 7 and the secondary lining 10, such as Figure 5 As shown, its width B is 250mm, and the annular capillary drainage belt and the longitudinal drainage board 9 are constructed by overlapping, and the overlapping length A is 100mm. In order to avoid damaging the capillary drainage belt, the overlapping adopts the method of melting and bonding with hard rubber strips. The longitudinal drainage board 9 and the waterproof board 7 are fixed by melting and bonding with hard rubber strips. The edge of the longitudinal drainage board 9 is covered with non-woven fabric to prevent the drainage board from being blocked during the subsequent secondary lining 10 construction. The bottom of the longitudinal drainage board 9 is connected to the drain port 11, and the drain port 11 is connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well 13. The drain port 11 refers to Figure 6 .

[0046] (X) A longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well 13 is set up every 50m, and a grit chamber 14 is set up inside the inspection well. After the grit chamber 14 is set up here, the silt will first settle inside the grit chamber 14. When the water level reaches the height of the drainage hole, it will automatically flow out from the horizontal drainage hole. At this time, the water flow contains almost no silt. It only needs to clean the inspection well regularly to ensure the normal operation of the tunnel drainage system. The inspection well is set up as follows: Figure 8 shown.

[0047] Embodiment 2 like Figures 7-9As shown, the present invention proposes a drill and blast method submarine tunnel waterproofing and drainage system, including a first drainage structure arranged between the initial support 1 and the geotextile 4, a second drainage structure arranged between the geotextile 4 and the waterproof board 7, a third drainage structure arranged between the waterproof board 7 and the secondary lining 10, a longitudinal drainage blind pipe 12 and a longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well 13, the first drainage structure is connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well 13, the second drainage structure is connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe 12, the third drainage structure is connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well 13, and the longitudinal drainage blind pipe 12 is connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well 13.

[0048] The first drainage structure includes a plurality of first annular drainage plates 2 spaced apart above the arch foot and a water collecting trough 3 arranged at the arch foot along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The water collecting trough 3 is provided with a slot to allow the first annular drainage plates 2 to be inserted into the water collecting trough 3. The two ends of the water collecting trough 3 are connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well 13.

[0049] The second drainage structure includes a plurality of second annular drainage plates 5 arranged at intervals above the arch foot, and the plurality of second annular drainage plates 5 are connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe 12. The longitudinal drainage blind pipe 12 is located between the initial support 1 and the secondary lining 10.

[0050] The third drainage structure includes a plurality of annular capillary drainage belts 8 spaced apart above the arch foot and a longitudinal drainage board 9 arranged at the arch foot along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The plurality of annular capillary drainage belts 8 are overlapped with the longitudinal drainage board 9 by melt-bonding with hard rubber strips. The bottom of the longitudinal drainage board 9 is connected to a drain port 11, and the drain port 11 is connected to a longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well 13.

[0051] The drainage system of the present invention has multiple drainage channels between the initial support 1 and the secondary lining 10, forming an efficient drainage network, which can effectively reduce the residence time of groundwater in the tunnel drainage system, thereby slowing down the deterioration rate of the geotextile 4 and the tunnel drainage pipe. The multiple drainage channels work together to improve the overall durability of the tunnel drainage system.

[0052] like Fig.10 As shown, the first annular drainage plate 2 and the second annular drainage plate 5 are arranged at intervals to increase the coverage area of ​​the drainage system and form an efficient drainage network.

[0053] Furthermore, the projection surface formed by the first annular drainage board 2, the second annular drainage board 5 and the annular capillary drainage belt 8 arranged at intervals and superimposed on each other covers the entire annular surface of the tunnel, so that the drainage network formed by multiple drainage channels has a large drainage coverage area.

[0054] A filter component 6 is also provided between the second annular drainage plate 5 and the longitudinal drainage blind pipe 12. In this example, the filter component 6 is a pebble permeable bag. Figure 4The pebble permeable bag is located above the longitudinal drainage blind pipe 12 and below the second annular drainage board 5, and is arranged along the length of the tunnel. The longitudinal drainage blind pipe 12 and the pebble permeable bag are wrapped with non-woven fabric and fixed with nails. The filter component 6 can protect the longitudinal drainage blind pipe 12 to prevent impurities from entering the pipe and causing pipe blockage.

[0055] Specifically, the first annular drain plate 2, the second annular drain plate 5, and the longitudinal drain plate 9 are all configured as concave-convex drain plates, see Figure 1 The concave and convex points of the first annular drainage board 2 point to the initial support 1, the concave and convex points of the second annular drainage board 5 point to the geotextile 4, and the concave and convex points of the longitudinal drainage board 9 point to the waterproof board 7.

[0056] The above-described embodiments of the present invention do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a submarine tunnel drainage system by drilling and blasting, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Remove the exposed steel bar heads and anchor rod heads and other hard objects on the surface of the initial support (1), smooth them with cement mortar to prevent damage to the waterproof board (7), and repair and spray-fill the uneven areas on the surface of the initial support (1) to ensure that the surface of the initial support (1) is flat; S2, arranging a plurality of first annular drainage plates (2) above the arch foot of the initial support (1), and fixing the first annular drainage plates (2) to the surface of the initial support (1) by means of nails; S3, a longitudinal water collecting trough (3) is provided at the arch foot of the initial support (1), the water collecting trough (3) is grooved at the corresponding position of the first annular drainage plate (2), and a plurality of first annular drainage plates (2) are inserted into the water collecting trough (3); the water collecting trough (3) is fixed to the surface of the initial support (1) by using expansion screws; the two ends of the water collecting trough (3) are connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well (13); S4, laying the geotextile (4), fixing the geotextile (4) and the hot-melt gasket on the surface of the initial support (1) by nailing, and the spacing and arrangement of the fixing points are designed according to the design requirements, and the fixing is reliable; S5, installing a longitudinal drainage blind pipe (12) at the tunnel arch foot, setting a filter component (6) above the longitudinal drainage blind pipe (12), arranging it along the entire length of the tunnel, using a geotextile (4) to reverse the longitudinal drainage blind pipe (12) and the filter component (6), and fixing them with nails; connecting the two ends of the longitudinal drainage blind pipe (12) to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well (13); S6. A plurality of second annular drainage plates (5) are arranged above the longitudinal drainage blind pipe (12), which are spaced apart from the first annular drainage plates (2) between the initial support (1) and the geotextile (4) and fixed by nailing, with the ends of the second annular drainage plates (5) being located above the filter component (6); S7, laying the waterproof board (7), the waterproof board (7) is laid in the whole circumferential direction, the arch and the side wall have no circumferential overlap, the length of the waterproof board (7) is reasonably cut according to the size of one ring of the secondary lining construction, and the hot-melt gasket and the waterproof board (7) are bonded into a whole by using a hot-melt gun to achieve the purpose of fixing the waterproof board (7); S8. A plurality of circumferential capillary drainage tapes (8) are arranged between the waterproof board (7) and the secondary lining (10), and are laid circumferentially above the arch foot. They are fixed to the surface of the waterproof board (7) by melt bonding with a strong adhesive strip, and their edges are covered with non-woven fabric; S9. A longitudinal drainage board (9) is arranged between the waterproof board (7) and the secondary lining (10) along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and is overlapped with the annular capillary drainage belt (8) by using a hard rubber strip melt bonding method, and its edge is covered with a non-woven fabric; the longitudinal drainage board (9) is directly connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well (13) through the connection drain port (11); S10, longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection wells (13) are arranged at regular intervals, and grit chambers (14) are arranged inside the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection wells (13), and the grit chambers (14) are used to precipitate the silt in the tunnel drainage system.

2. The method for constructing a submarine tunnel drainage system by drilling and blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first annular drainage plate (2), the second annular drainage plate (5), and the longitudinal drainage plate (9) all comprise concave-convex drainage plates, the concave-convex points of the first annular drainage plate (2) point to the initial support (1), the concave-convex points of the second annular drainage plate (5) point to the geotextile (4), and the concave-convex points of the longitudinal drainage plate (9) point to the waterproof plate (7); the geotextile (4) comprises a non-woven fabric; and the filter component (6) comprises a pebble permeable bag or a geotextile (4) that annularly wraps the longitudinal drainage blind pipe (12).

3. The construction method of the submarine tunnel waterproofing and drainage system by the drill and blast method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first annular drainage plate (2) and the second annular drainage plate (5) are arranged at intervals.

4. A drilling and blasting submarine tunnel drainage system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first drainage structure arranged between the initial support (1) and the geotextile (4), a second drainage structure arranged between the geotextile (4) and the waterproof board (7), a third drainage structure arranged between the waterproof board (7) and the secondary lining (10), a longitudinal drainage blind pipe (12) and a longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well (13), wherein the first drainage structure is connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well (13), the second drainage structure is connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe (12), the third drainage structure is connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well (13), and the longitudinal drainage blind pipe (12) is connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well (13); The first drainage structure comprises a plurality of first annular drainage plates (2) arranged at intervals above the arch foot and a water collecting trough (3) arranged at the arch foot along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, wherein the water collecting trough (3) is provided with a notch to allow the first annular drainage plates (2) to be inserted into the water collecting trough (3), and two ends of the water collecting trough (3) are connected to a longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well (13); The second drainage structure comprises a plurality of second annular drainage plates (5) arranged at intervals, wherein the plurality of second annular drainage plates (5) are connected to the longitudinal drainage blind pipe (12); The third drainage structure comprises a plurality of annular capillary drainage belts (8) arranged at intervals above the arch foot and a longitudinal drainage board (9) arranged at the arch foot along the length direction of the tunnel. The plurality of annular capillary drainage belts (8) are overlapped with the longitudinal drainage board (9) by means of a hard rubber strip melt bonding method. The bottom of the longitudinal drainage board (9) is connected to a drain port (11), and the drain port (11) is connected to a longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection well (13).

5. The drill-and-blast submarine tunnel drainage system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The first annular drain plate (2) and the second annular drain plate (5) are arranged at intervals.

6. The drill-and-blast submarine tunnel drainage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A filter component (6) is also provided between the second annular drainage plate (5) and the longitudinal drainage blind pipe (12); the filter component (6) is located above the longitudinal drainage blind pipe (12) and below the second annular drainage plate (5), and is arranged along the entire length of the tunnel; the longitudinal drainage blind pipe (12) and the filter component (6) are reversed with non-woven fabric and fixed with nails.

7. The drill-and-blast submarine tunnel drainage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The filtering component (6) comprises a pebble permeable bag or a geotextile (4) wrapped around a longitudinal drainage blind pipe (12).

8. The drill-and-blast submarine tunnel drainage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection wells (13) are multiple in number and are arranged at regular intervals, and a grit chamber (14) is arranged inside the longitudinal drainage blind pipe inspection wells (13) to precipitate the silt in the tunnel drainage system.

9. The drill-and-blast submarine tunnel drainage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first annular drainage plate (2), the second annular drainage plate (5), and the longitudinal drainage plate (9) are all configured as concave-convex drainage plates, the concave-convex points of the first annular drainage plate (2) point to the initial support (1), the concave-convex points of the second annular drainage plate (5) point to the geotextile (4), and the concave-convex points of the longitudinal drainage plate (9) point to the waterproof plate (7).

10. The drill-and-blast submarine tunnel drainage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drain port (11) is fixed to the initial support (1) by means of expansion screws.

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