Space-time varying near-surface Q compensation method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to a space-time variant near-surface Q compensation method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining near-surface data, and carrying out the calculation based on the near-surface data, and obtaining a space-variant near-surface travel time field and a space-variant near-surface Q field; setting calculation parameters, and calculating to obtain a shallow space-variant gain field and a deep space-variant gain field; seismic data are obtained, and time domain shallow Q compensation data and time domain deep Q compensation data are obtained through calculation; and combining the time domain shallow layer Q compensation data and the time domain deep layer Q compensation data to obtain combined data so as to realize space-time variation near-surface Q compensation. The space-variant earth surface travel time field and the space-variant earth surface travel time field are utilized to carry out space-variant compensation on the seismic data, the time-variant gain field and the space-variant gain field are utilized to control the Q compensation intensity of the seismic data, the problems that conventional near-surface Q compensation is insufficient in shallow layer compensation and excessive in deep layer compensation are solved, and the application effect of near-surface Q compensation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum exploration, and in particular relates to a time-space-variant near-surface Q compensation method. Background Art

[0002] During the propagation of seismic waves, low-frequency losses are slow and high-frequency losses are fast. The degree of loss can be expressed by the formation quality factor Q. Q is a dimensionless parameter. High Q means slow energy loss, and low Q means fast energy loss.

[0003] Generally speaking, the near-surface strata are loose, the Q value is small, and the high-frequency energy of seismic waves is greatly lost near the surface. Different near-surface conditions will cause spatial variations in the Q value.

[0004] Conventional near-surface Q compensation methods take into account the spatial variation of the Q value and use a space-varying compensation factor. However, as the propagation time of seismic waves changes, the energy lost will increase, so there is still a time-varying problem. If only shallow layers are compensated, deep layers will be undercompensated. If deep layers are compensated, shallow layers will be overcompensated. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a time-space-variant near-surface Q compensation method in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A time-space-variant near-surface Q compensation method comprises the following steps:

[0008] Acquire near-surface data, and calculate a space-variant near-surface traveltime field and a space-variant near-surface Q field based on the near-surface data;

[0009] Setting calculation parameters, and calculating shallow space-variant gain field and deep space-variant gain field based on the calculation parameters, the space-variant near-surface travel time field and the space-variant near-surface Q field;

[0010] Acquire seismic data, and calculate shallow Q compensation data in the time domain and deep Q compensation data in the time domain based on the seismic data, the calculation parameters, the space-variable near-surface travel time field, the space-variable near-surface Q field, the shallow space-variable gain field, and the deep space-variable gain field;

[0011] The time-domain shallow Q compensation data and the time-domain deep Q compensation data are combined to obtain combined data, so as to achieve compensation of near-surface Q that varies in time and space.

[0012] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the near-surface data include the near-surface stratum thickness h and the near-surface bottom layer seismic wave propagation velocity vel.

[0013] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the formula for calculating the space-variant near-surface travel time field based on the near-surface data is as follows:

[0014] Δt=h / vel;

[0015] Among them, Δt represents the space-variant near-surface travel time field, h represents the near-surface stratum thickness, and vel represents the seismic wave propagation velocity of the near-surface bottom layer.

[0016] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the formula for calculating the space-variable near-surface Q field is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] Where Δt represents the space-variable near-surface travel time field, f c is the center of mass frequency, f m is the frequency after compensation of seismic data.

[0019] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the calculation parameters include the phase reference circular frequency ω h , phase reference frequency f h , shallow compensation factor Λ q The frequency f of the highest point of the curve (ω) q and the deep compensation factor Λ s (ω) The frequency f of the highest point of the curve s .

[0020] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the specific process of calculating the shallow space-variant gain field based on the calculation parameters, the space-variant near-surface travel time field and the space-variant near-surface Q field is as follows:

[0021] Substitute the calculation parameters, the space-variable near-surface travel time field and the space-variable near-surface Q field into the partial derivative equation of Wang Yanghua's Q compensation formula to calculate the shallow space-variable gain field G q , the formula is as follows:

[0022]

[0023] (β(ω)+σ 2 )' = β'(ω);

[0024] (β 2 (ω)+σ 2 )' = 2β(ω)β'(ω);

[0025]

[0026]

[0027] σ2 =exp[-(0.23G q +1.63)];

[0028] ω=2π*f q ;

[0029] ω h =2π*f h ;

[0030]

[0031] Where, ω represents the circular frequency, ω h represents the phase reference circular frequency, Q represents the space-variant near-surface Q field, and Δt represents the space-variant near-surface traveltime field.

[0032] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the specific process of calculating the deep space-variant gain field based on the calculation parameters, the space-variant near-surface travel time field and the space-variant near-surface Q field is as follows:

[0033] Substitute the calculation parameters, the space-variable near-surface travel time field and the space-variable near-surface Q field into the partial derivative equation of Wang Yanghua's Q compensation formula to calculate the deep space-variable gain field G s , the formula is as follows:

[0034]

[0035] (β(ω)+σ 2 )' = β'(ω);

[0036] (β 2 (ω)+σ 2 )' = 2β(ω)β'(ω);

[0037]

[0038]

[0039] σ 2 =exp[-(0.23G s +1.63)];

[0040] ω=2π*f s ;

[0041] ω h =2π*f h ;

[0042]

[0043] Where, ω represents the circular frequency, ω hrepresents the phase reference circular frequency, Q represents the space-variant near-surface Q field, and Δt represents the space-variant near-surface traveltime field.

[0044] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the specific process of obtaining seismic data and calculating the time-domain shallow Q compensation data and the time-domain deep Q compensation data based on the seismic data, the calculation parameters, the space-variant near-surface travel time field, the space-variant near-surface Q field, the shallow space-variant gain field and the deep space-variant gain field is as follows:

[0045] Obtain seismic data s(t) and transform it into frequency domain seismic data s(ω) using fast Fourier transform method;

[0046] Based on the space-variable near-surface Q field, the space-variable near-surface travel time field Δt, and the shallow space-variable gain field G q , the deep space-variable gain field G s and set the phase reference circular frequency ω h , use Wang Yanghua's Q compensation formula to calculate the shallow compensation factor Λ q (ω) and the deep compensation factor Λ s (ω);

[0047] Based on the frequency domain seismic data s(ω), the shallow compensation factor Λ q (ω) and the deep compensation factor Λ s (ω) Calculate the shallow compensation data s q (ω) and deep compensation data s s The specific process of (ω) is as follows:

[0048] Shallow compensation data q The calculation formula of (ω) is as follows:

[0049]

[0050] σ 2 =exp[-(0.23G q +1.63)];

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] s q (ω)=Λ q (ω)·s(ω);

[0054] Depth compensation data q The calculation formula of (ω) is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] σ 2 =exp[-(0.23G s +1.63)];

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] s s (ω)=Λ s (ω)·s(ω);

[0060] The shallow compensation data s is converted into q (ω) and the deep compensation data s s (ω) is inversely transformed to the time domain to obtain the shallow Q compensation data s in the time domain q (t) and time domain deep Q compensation data s s (t).

[0061] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the time domain shallow Q compensation data and the time domain deep Q compensation data are merged to obtain the merged data in a specific process as follows:

[0062] Select a time length L above and below the set time starting point T to obtain a transition range: TL to T+L, and compensate the shallow Q data s in the time domain q (t) and the time domain deep Q compensation data s s (t) is merged, and the merged data is set to D(t). The merging formula is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] A time-space-variant near-surface Q compensation system, comprising:

[0065] A data acquisition module, used for acquiring near-surface data and seismic data;

[0066] A primary calculation module, used for calculating the space-variable near-surface travel time field and the space-variable near-surface Q field based on the near-surface data;

[0067] A secondary calculation module is used to set calculation parameters, and calculate the shallow space-variant gain field and the deep space-variant gain field based on the calculation parameters, the space-variant near-surface travel time field and the space-variant near-surface Q field;

[0068] A third-level calculation module is used to calculate the time-domain shallow Q compensation data and the time-domain deep Q compensation data based on the seismic data, the calculation parameters, the space-variant near-surface travel time field, the space-variant near-surface Q field, the shallow space-variant gain field and the deep space-variant gain field;

[0069] The merging module is used to merge the shallow Q compensation data in the time domain and the deep Q compensation data in the time domain to obtain merged data.

[0070] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0071] The present invention utilizes space-varying surface travel time field and Q field to perform space-varying compensation on seismic data, and utilizes time-varying and space-varying gain fields to control the Q compensation intensity of seismic data, thereby solving the problem of insufficient shallow-layer compensation and excessive deep-layer compensation in conventional near-surface Q compensation, and improving the application effect of near-surface Q compensation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0072] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a space-variable near-surface travel time field in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a space-variable near-surface Q field in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 4 is a relationship diagram between the space-variable near-surface travel time field, the space-variable near-surface Q field, the gain parameter and the phase reference circular frequency and the compensation factor in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a shallow space-variant gain field in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a deep space-variant gain field in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 7 It is a comparison diagram of original data, space-variant compensation and time-space-variant compensation effects in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0079] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is necessary to point out here that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Technical personnel in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0080] like Figure 1 As shown, a time-space-variant near-surface Q compensation method comprises the following steps:

[0081] S1: Acquire near-surface data, and calculate the space-variable near-surface travel time field and space-variable near-surface Q field based on the near-surface data;

[0082] S2: Set calculation parameters, and calculate shallow space-variable gain field and deep space-variable gain field based on calculation parameters, space-variable near-surface travel time field and space-variable near-surface Q field;

[0083] S3: Acquire seismic data, and calculate shallow Q compensation data in the time domain and deep Q compensation data in the time domain based on the seismic data, calculation parameters, space-variable near-surface travel time field, space-variable near-surface Q field, shallow space-variable gain field, and deep space-variable gain field;

[0084] S4: Merge the shallow Q compensation data in the time domain and the deep Q compensation data in the time domain to obtain merged data, so as to achieve compensation of the near-surface Q that varies in time and space.

[0085] The near-surface data include the near-surface stratum thickness h and the near-surface bottom seismic wave propagation velocity vel.

[0086] like Figure 2 As shown in Figure 2, the formula for calculating the space-variable near-surface travel time field based on near-surface data is as follows:

[0087] Δt=h / vel;

[0088] Among them, Δt represents the space-variant near-surface travel time field, h represents the near-surface stratum thickness, and vel represents the seismic wave propagation velocity of the near-surface bottom layer.

[0089] like Figure 3 As shown, the formula for calculating the space-variable near-surface Q field is as follows:

[0090]

[0091] Where Δt represents the space-variable near-surface travel time field, f c is the center of mass frequency, f m The frequency you want to achieve after compensating the seismic data.

[0092] The calculation parameters include the phase reference circular frequency ω h , phase reference frequency f h , shallow compensation factor Λ q The frequency f of the highest point of the curve (ω) q and the deep compensation factor Λ s (ω) The frequency f of the highest point of the curve s .

[0093] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the specific process of calculating the shallow space-variable gain field based on the calculation parameters, the space-variable near-surface travel time field and the space-variable near-surface Q field is as follows:

[0094] Substituting the calculation parameters, the space-variable near-surface travel time field and the space-variable near-surface Q field into the partial derivative equation of Wang Yanghua's Q compensation formula, the shallow space-variable gain field G is calculated. q , the formula is as follows:

[0095]

[0096] (β(ω)+σ 2 )' = β'(ω);

[0097] (β 2 (ω)+σ 2 )' = 2β(ω)β'(ω);

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] σ 2 =exp[-(0.23G q +1.63)];

[0101] ω=2π*f q ;

[0102] ω h =2π*f h ;

[0103]

[0104] Where, ω represents the circular frequency, ω h represents the phase reference circular frequency, Q represents the space-varying near-surface Q field, and Δt represents the space-varying near-surface travel time field. Λ(ω) is related to Q, Δt, G, and ω h Related to, its relationship is Figure 4 shown.

[0105] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the specific process of calculating the deep space-variable gain field based on the calculation parameters, the space-variable near-surface travel time field and the space-variable near-surface Q field is as follows:

[0106] Substituting the calculation parameters, the space-variable near-surface travel time field and the space-variable near-surface Q field into the partial derivative equation of Wang Yanghua's Q compensation formula, the deep space-variable gain field G is calculated. s , the formula is as follows:

[0107]

[0108] (β(ω)+σ 2 )' = β'(ω);

[0109] (β 2 (ω)+σ 2)' = 2β(ω)β'(ω);

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] σ 2 =exp[-(0.23G s +1.63)];

[0113] ω=2π*f s ;

[0114] ω h =2π*f h ;

[0115]

[0116] Among them, Λ s (ω) represents the deep compensation factor, ω represents the circular frequency, ω h represents the phase reference circular frequency, Q represents the space-variant near-surface Q field, and Δt represents the space-variant near-surface traveltime field.

[0117] The specific process of obtaining seismic data and calculating the time-domain shallow Q compensation data and the time-domain deep Q compensation data based on the seismic data, calculation parameters, space-variable near-surface travel time field, space-variable near-surface Q field, shallow space-variable gain field and deep space-variable gain field is as follows:

[0118] Obtain seismic data s(t) and transform it into frequency domain seismic data s(ω) using fast Fourier transform method;

[0119] Based on the space-variable near-surface Q field, space-variable near-surface travel time field Δt, shallow space-variable gain field G q , deep space-variable gain field G s and the set phase reference circular frequency ω h , use Wang Yanghua's Q compensation formula to calculate the shallow compensation factor Λ q (ω) and the deep compensation factor Λ s (ω);

[0120] Based on frequency domain seismic data s(ω), shallow compensation factor Λ q (ω) and the deep compensation factor Λ s (ω) Calculate the shallow compensation data s q (ω) and deep compensation data s s (ω) is as follows:

[0121] Shallow compensation data q The calculation formula of (ω) is as follows:

[0122]

[0123] σ 2 =exp[-(0.23G q +1.63)];

[0124]

[0125]

[0126] s q (ω)=Λ q (ω)·s(ω);

[0127] Depth compensation data q The calculation formula of (ω) is as follows:

[0128]

[0129] σ 2 =exp[-(0.23G s +1.63)];

[0130]

[0131]

[0132] s s (ω)=Λ s (ω)·s(ω);

[0133] The shallow compensation data s is converted into q (ω) and deep compensation data s s (ω) is inversely transformed to the time domain to obtain the shallow Q compensation data s in the time domain q (t) and time domain deep Q compensation data s s (t).

[0134] The specific process of merging the shallow Q compensation data in the time domain and the deep Q compensation data in the time domain to obtain the merged data is as follows:

[0135] In order to eliminate the splicing traces, a splicing range is defined near the splicing time T. This time range is assumed to be between TL and T+L. The data earlier than TL time uses shallow Q compensation data, and the data greater than T+L time uses deep Q compensation data. The data between TL and T+L uses the weighted superposition method to gradually transition from shallow Q compensation data to deep Q compensation data. The total Q compensation effect can be seen in Figure 7 , it can be seen that the resolution of the time-space variable Q compensation data is higher than that of the space-time variable Q compensation data. The spectrum in the upper right corner shows that the frequency band of the time-space variable data is the widest.q (t) and time domain deep Q compensation data s s (t) is merged, and the merged data is set to D(t). The merging formula is as follows:

[0136]

[0137] A time-space-variant near-surface Q compensation system, comprising:

[0138] A data acquisition module, used for acquiring near-surface data and seismic data;

[0139] A primary calculation module is used to calculate the space-variable near-surface travel time field and the space-variable near-surface Q field based on the near-surface data;

[0140] The secondary calculation module is used to set the calculation parameters, and calculate the shallow space-variable gain field and the deep space-variable gain field based on the calculation parameters, the space-variable near-surface travel time field and the space-variable near-surface Q field;

[0141] The third-level calculation module is used to calculate the shallow Q compensation data in the time domain and the deep Q compensation data in the time domain based on the seismic data, calculation parameters, space-variable near-surface travel time field, space-variable near-surface Q field, shallow space-variable gain field and deep space-variable gain field;

[0142] The merging module is used to merge the shallow Q compensation data in the time domain and the deep Q compensation data in the time domain to obtain merged data.

[0143] The implementation process of the functions and effects of each unit in the above-mentioned device is specifically described in the implementation process of the corresponding steps in the above-mentioned method, and will not be repeated here.

[0144] For the device embodiment, since it basically corresponds to the method embodiment, the relevant parts can refer to the partial description of the method embodiment. The device embodiment described above is only schematic, in which the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative work.

[0145] In the above-mentioned embodiment, any multiple of all modules can be combined in one module for implementation, or any one of the modules can be split into multiple modules. Alternatively, at least some functions of one or more of these modules can be combined with at least some functions of other modules and implemented in one module. At least one of all modules can be at least partially implemented as a hardware circuit, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic array (PLA), a system on a chip, a system on a substrate, a system on a package, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or can be implemented by hardware or firmware such as any other reasonable way of integrating or packaging the circuit, or implemented in any one of the three implementation modes of software, hardware and firmware or in a suitable combination of any of them. Alternatively, at least one of all modules can be at least partially implemented as a computer program module, and when the computer program module is run, the corresponding function can be executed.

[0146] The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A time-space-variant near-surface Q compensation method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Acquire near-surface data, and calculate a space-variant near-surface traveltime field and a space-variant near-surface Q field based on the near-surface data; Setting calculation parameters, and calculating shallow space-variant gain field and deep space-variant gain field based on the calculation parameters, the space-variant near-surface travel time field and the space-variant near-surface Q field; Acquire seismic data, and calculate shallow Q compensation data in the time domain and deep Q compensation data in the time domain based on the seismic data, the calculation parameters, the space-variable near-surface travel time field, the space-variable near-surface Q field, the shallow space-variable gain field, and the deep space-variable gain field; The time-domain shallow Q compensation data and the time-domain deep Q compensation data are combined to obtain combined data, so as to achieve compensation of near-surface Q that varies in time and space.

2. A time-space-varying near-surface Q compensation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The near-surface data include the near-surface stratum thickness h and the near-surface bottom layer seismic wave propagation velocity vel.

3. A time-space-varying near-surface Q compensation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the space-variant near-surface travel time field based on the near-surface data is as follows: Δt=h / vel; Among them, Δt represents the space-variant near-surface travel time field, h represents the near-surface stratum thickness, and vel represents the seismic wave propagation velocity of the near-surface bottom layer.

4. A time-space-variant near-surface Q compensation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the space-variable near-surface Q field is as follows: Where Δt represents the space-variable near-surface travel time field, f c is the center of mass frequency, f m is the frequency after compensation of seismic data.

5. A time-space-varying near-surface Q compensation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation parameters include the phase reference circular frequency ω h , phase reference frequency f h , shallow compensation factor Λ q The frequency f of the highest point of the curve (ω) q and the deep compensation factor Λ s (ω) The frequency f of the highest point of the curve s .

6. A time-space-variant near-surface Q compensation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific process of calculating the shallow space-variant gain field based on the calculation parameters, the space-variant near-surface travel time field and the space-variant near-surface Q field is as follows: Substitute the calculation parameters, the space-variable near-surface travel time field and the space-variable near-surface Q field into the partial derivative equation of Wang Yanghua's Q compensation formula to calculate the shallow space-variable gain field G q , the formula is as follows: (b(ω)+s 2 )'=β'(ω); (b 2 (ω)+s 2 )'=2β(ω)β'(ω); s 2 =exp[-(0.23G q +1.63)]; ω=2π*f q ; oh h =2π*f h ; Where, ω represents the circular frequency, ω h represents the phase reference circular frequency, Q represents the space-variant near-surface Q field, and Δt represents the space-variant near-surface traveltime field.

7. A time-space-varying near-surface Q compensation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific process of calculating the deep space-variant gain field based on the calculation parameters, the space-variant near-surface travel time field and the space-variant near-surface Q field is as follows: Substitute the calculation parameters, the space-variable near-surface travel time field and the space-variable near-surface Q field into the partial derivative equation of Wang Yanghua's Q compensation formula to calculate the deep space-variable gain field G s , the formula is as follows: (b(ω)+s 2 )'=β'(ω); (b 2 (ω)+s 2 )'=2β(ω)β'(ω); s 2 =exp[-(0.23G s +1.63)]; ω=2π*f s ; oh h =2π*f h ; Where, ω represents the circular frequency, ω h represents the phase reference circular frequency, Q represents the space-variant near-surface Q field, and Δt represents the space-variant near-surface traveltime field.

8. A time-space-variant near-surface Q compensation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific process of obtaining seismic data and calculating the time-domain shallow Q compensation data and the time-domain deep Q compensation data based on the seismic data, the calculation parameters, the space-variant near-surface travel time field, the space-variant near-surface Q field, the shallow space-variant gain field and the deep space-variant gain field is as follows: Obtain seismic data s(t) and transform it into frequency domain seismic data s(ω) using fast Fourier transform method; Based on the space-variable near-surface Q field, the space-variable near-surface travel time field Δt, and the shallow space-variable gain field G q , the deep space-variable gain field G s and set the phase reference circular frequency ω h , use Wang Yanghua's Q compensation formula to calculate the shallow compensation factor Λ q (ω) and the deep compensation factor Λ s (ω); Based on the frequency domain seismic data s(ω), the shallow compensation factor Λ q (ω) and the deep compensation factor Λ s (ω) Calculate the shallow compensation data s q (ω) and deep compensation data s s The specific process of (ω) is as follows: Shallow compensation data q The calculation formula of (ω) is as follows: s 2 =exp[-(0.23G q +1.63)]; s q (ω)=L q (ω)·s(ω); Depth compensation data q The calculation formula of (ω) is as follows: s 2 =exp[-(0.23G s +1.63)]; s s (ω)=L s (ω)·s(ω); The shallow compensation data s is converted into q (ω) and the deep compensation data s s (ω) is inversely transformed to the time domain to obtain the shallow Q compensation data s in the time domain q (t) and time domain deep Q compensation data s s (t).

9. A time-space-varying near-surface Q compensation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific process of merging the time domain shallow Q compensation data and the time domain deep Q compensation data to obtain the merged data is as follows: Select a time length L above and below the set time starting point T to obtain a transition range: TL to T+L, and compensate the shallow Q data s in the time domain q (t) and the time domain deep Q compensation data s s (t) is merged, and the merged data is set to D(t). The merging formula is as follows:

10. A time-space-variant near-surface Q compensation system, characterized in that: include: A data acquisition module, used for acquiring near-surface data and seismic data; A primary calculation module, used for calculating the space-variable near-surface travel time field and the space-variable near-surface Q field based on the near-surface data; A secondary calculation module is used to set calculation parameters, and calculate the shallow space-variant gain field and the deep space-variant gain field based on the calculation parameters, the space-variant near-surface travel time field and the space-variant near-surface Q field; A third-level calculation module is used to calculate the time-domain shallow Q compensation data and the time-domain deep Q compensation data based on the seismic data, the calculation parameters, the space-variant near-surface travel time field, the space-variant near-surface Q field, the shallow space-variant gain field and the deep space-variant gain field; The merging module is used to merge the shallow Q compensation data in the time domain and the deep Q compensation data in the time domain to obtain merged data.

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