Carbon budgeting and carbon settlement method in mountain railway construction stage

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon emission accounting, in particular to a method for carbon budgeting and carbon settlement in a mountain railway construction stage. Comprising the following steps: determining project contents included in a mountain railway construction stage; determining an accounting boundary of the corresponding carbon budget and carbon final settlement in the engineering content; determining corresponding process units and carbon emission factors in the accounting boundary; and according to the engineering content, the accounting boundary and the carbon emission factor, based on budget and settlement data in the mountain railway construction process, calculating a carbon budget and a carbon settlement amount in the mountain railway construction stage. The method and the process for carbon budgeting and carbon settlement in the mountain railway construction stage are designed and established, carbon emission in the mountain railway construction stage is budgeted, and a carbon control quantitative index and a carbon reduction path design basis are provided for decision makers; and after completion, the actual carbon emission of project construction is accurately checked, the carbon control and reduction effects of design and construction management are evaluated, and the realization of a green low-carbon railway construction target is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon emission accounting, and in particular to a method for carbon budgeting and carbon final accounting during the construction phase of a mountain railway. Background Art

[0002] At present, the carbon emission accounting for the entire railway construction process in my country is still in the development stage, and there is no unified standard in data statistics, accounting methods, and accounting processes.

[0003] The establishment of a method for carbon budgeting and final accounting during the mountain railway construction phase, first, clarifies the data sources for carbon budgeting and final accounting. The carbon budget is based on the design drawings and budget estimates before construction, and the carbon final accounting is based on the actual consumption data of building materials, energy, etc. after completion, which solves the problem of data source consistency based on carbon accounting. Second, it can estimate the carbon emissions of each link before construction, identify high-carbon emission processes and facilities, and formulate carbon control and reduction targets for each link, providing a basis for construction units to find low-carbon paths and design low-carbon models. Third, it clarifies the carbon emissions of each link after the completion of the project and compares them with the carbon budget, evaluates the carbon emission reduction effect of low-carbon measures, and provides application solutions for the low-carbon construction of other mountain railway projects.

[0004] Against the backdrop of global climate change and low-carbon economy, the concept of "carbon accounting" came into being. It is also called greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting. Simply put, it refers to the process of measuring, counting and analyzing the greenhouse gas emissions of individuals, organizations or countries according to scientific methods and standards.

[0005] At present, the main carbon emission accounting methods include emission factor method, mass balance method and actual measurement method.

[0006] 1. Emission factor method: The emission factor method is the most widely applicable and most commonly used carbon accounting method;

[0007] Calculation formula - based on the basic carbon accounting equation provided by IPCC:

[0008] Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions = activity data (AD) × emission factor (EF)

[0009] Among them, AD is the amount of production or consumption activities that lead to greenhouse gas emissions, such as the consumption of each fossil fuel, the consumption of limestone raw materials, the net amount of electricity purchased, the net amount of steam purchased, etc.; EF is the coefficient corresponding to the activity level data, including the carbon content per unit calorific value or elemental carbon content, oxidation rate, etc., which characterizes the greenhouse gas emission coefficient per unit of production or consumption activity. EF can directly use the known data (i.e. default values) provided by IPCC, European Environment Agency, etc., or it can be estimated based on representative measurement data. my country has set national parameters based on actual conditions. For example, Appendix 2 of the "Guidelines for the Calculation and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Other Industrial Industries (Trial)" provides default value data for common fossil fuel characteristic parameters.

[0010] Scope of application: This method is applicable to relatively macro-level accounting levels such as countries, provinces, and cities, and can roughly control the overall situation of a specific region. However, in actual work, due to differences in regional energy quality and unit combustion efficiency, various energy consumption statistics and carbon emission factor measurements are prone to large deviations, which become the main source of errors in carbon emission accounting results.

[0011] 2. Mass balance method: Based on the new chemicals and equipment used in national production and life each year, the share of new chemicals consumed to meet the capacity of new equipment or replace removal gases can be calculated.

[0012] Calculation formula: For carbon dioxide, under the carbon mass balance method, carbon emissions are obtained by subtracting non-carbon dioxide carbon output from input carbon content:

[0013] Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions = (raw material input × raw material carbon content - product output × product carbon content - waste output × waste carbon content) × 44 / 12

[0014] Among them, "44 / 12" is the conversion coefficient of carbon to CO2 (i.e. the relative atomic mass of CO2 / C).

[0015] Scope of application: The carbon mass balance method based on specific facilities and process flows is used to calculate emissions, which can reflect the actual emissions at the location where carbon emissions occur. It can not only distinguish the differences between various types of facilities, but also distinguish between single and partial equipment. This method is especially convenient when equipment is constantly updated from year to year. Generally speaking, the main accounting method for corporate carbon emissions is the emission factor method, but in industrial production processes (such as desulfurization process emissions, chemical production enterprise process emissions and other non-fossil fuel combustion processes), the carbon balance method can be selected as appropriate.

[0016] 3. Actual measurement method: The actual measurement method is based on the measured basic data of emission sources and summarizes the relevant carbon emissions. There are two types of actual measurement methods, namely on-site measurement and off-site measurement.

[0017] On-site measurement is generally to install a carbon emission monitoring module in the continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) to directly measure its emissions by continuously monitoring the concentration and flow rate; off-site measurement is to collect samples and send them to the relevant monitoring department, and use special detection equipment and technology for quantitative analysis. Compared with the two, the accuracy of on-site measurement is significantly higher than that of off-site measurement because the sampling gas may undergo adsorption reaction and dissociation during off-site measurement.

[0018] Based on the above methods, the country has also issued some guidance documents on carbon accounting methods.

[0019] In addition, many places have also developed local carbon accounting methods.

[0020] Overall, the above methods are more focused on carbon accounting guidance at the enterprise level. In terms of other types of carbon accounting, some scholars have studied the carbon accounting methods in the construction phase of building projects, and combined with the life cycle assessment method, they have built a carbon emission calculation model for the construction phase; some scholars have studied the carbon emission accounting of industrial production processes, and established accounting methods based on carbon emissions of key products and accounting methods based on product perspectives; some scholars have studied the carbon emission accounting of industrial parks, and based on the two units of energy consumption and production processes, they have explored the accounting methods of industrial carbon emissions in industrial parks. In general, the accounting data is multi-source, including not only the engineering budget, but also the actual statistical values, which will result in carbon emissions not being calculated based on the same source and same period data, and there will be large deviations in guiding actual applications.

[0021] There is no relevant research on the accounting of carbon emissions during the whole process of railway construction. Existing studies are mostly carried out on a certain stage or several stages of local projects. For example, some scholars have studied the accounting of carbon emissions of tunnel transportation projects. The LCA (life cycle assessment) method is usually used to analyze the CO2 released during the tunnel construction and operation stages, and the CO2 emissions of the tunnel life cycle are calculated based on the use of materials and energy and the corresponding carbon emission factors. Most scholars study the carbon emissions of tunnel construction, dividing the carbon emission sources into three stages: building materials production, material transportation and on-site construction. The various stages are closely related through material flows, and the carbon emission contribution of the building materials production stage accounts for the largest proportion. There are two types of basic data required for the inventory. One is the bill of quantities of building materials and energy, which is mainly taken from the data list and construction budget table statistically collated at the construction site, or calculated according to the budget quota; the other is the carbon emission factor, and the material carbon emission factor is mainly taken from the data published by the authoritative organization. At present, scholars are conducting research on the key influencing factors of carbon emissions in tunnel construction, emission prediction, etc., which are most similar to the present invention.

[0022] There is no relevant research on carbon emission accounting during the entire railway construction process. The closest implementation scheme to the present invention is the carbon emission accounting research of tunnel transportation engineering, which has the following disadvantages:

[0023] 1. The existing carbon accounting is lagging behind and cannot provide specific quantitative indicators for carbon control and reduction for projects;

[0024] 2. The accounting scope does not cover all the main projects and temporary projects of railway construction, the phase division is chaotic and the system is poor;

[0025] 3. The accounting basis is not unified. The data sources include the budget, drawings, and budget quotas before construction, as well as the actual statistical values ​​after completion, which leads to large deviations in the accounting results and poor objectivity.

[0026] 4. There is no complete accounting process, the division of accounting units is unclear, and the classification of carbon emission types is not unified;

[0027] 5. The carbon budget and final accounts were not separated, and there was no comparative accounting of carbon emissions before and after construction, making it impossible to evaluate the effectiveness of carbon reduction measures.

[0028] In view of this, we propose a method of carbon budget and carbon accounting during the construction phase of mountain railways. Summary of the invention

[0029] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for carbon budgeting and carbon accounting during the construction phase of a mountain railway, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0030] In order to solve the above technical problems, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a method for carbon budget and carbon settlement in the construction stage of mountain railway, comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1. Determine the engineering contents included in the mountain railway construction phase;

[0032] S2. Determine the accounting boundaries of the carbon budget and carbon final accounts corresponding to the project content;

[0033] S3. Determine the corresponding process units and carbon emission factors within the accounting boundary;

[0034] S4. Calculate the carbon budget and carbon final accounts during the mountain railway construction phase based on the project content, accounting boundaries and carbon emission factors and on the basis of the budget and final accounts data during the mountain railway construction process.

[0035] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in step S1, the engineering contents included in the mountain railway construction phase include:

[0036] Bridge construction, tunnel construction, roadbed construction, temporary construction projects; temporary construction projects include project departments, concrete mixing stations, aggregate mixing stations, steel bar (structure) plants, box girder prefabrication plants, sleeper prefabrication plants, small structure prefabrication plants, sewage treatment plants, construction access roads, and central material warehouses. If the above temporary facilities are newly built, they are within the scope of carbon accounting; if they are leased, they are not within the scope of carbon accounting.

[0037] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in step S2, the accounting boundary of the carbon budget and carbon final account corresponding to the project content is the unit process involved in the project construction period, including:

[0038] Building materials production process, material transportation process, construction process (including main project construction and temporary project construction process).

[0039] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in step S3, the carbon emission factor corresponding to the accounting boundary includes:

[0040] Direct carbon emissions, energy indirect carbon emissions, transportation indirect carbon emissions, and material indirect carbon emissions.

[0041] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in step S4, according to the project content, accounting boundary and carbon emission factor, based on the budget and final accounting data during the mountain railway construction process, the carbon budget amount of the mountain railway construction stage is calculated, which specifically includes:

[0042] Calculation of carbon budget emissions during mountain railway construction 2-Y , the calculation formula is:

[0043]

[0044] In formula (1), Carbon budget emissions for bridge construction, Carbon budget emissions for tunnel construction, Carbon budget for roadbed construction Transport indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budget emissions for temporary construction projects.

[0045] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in the carbon budget calculation process of the mountain railway construction stage, the carbon budget emissions of the bridge construction process are calculated according to the project content, accounting boundary and corresponding carbon emission factors, including:

[0046] Calculating the carbon budget for bridge construction The calculation formula is:

[0047]

[0048] In formula (2), Carbon budget for bridge construction Direct carbon emissions, Carbon budget for bridge construction Energy indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budget for bridge construction Transport indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budgeting of materials for bridge construction indirect carbon emissions;

[0049] Calculating the carbon budget for bridge construction Direct carbon emissions The calculation formula is:

[0050]

[0051] In formula (3), Carbon budget for bridge construction Carbon emissions from fixed emission sources, including energy production equipment such as diesel generators in concrete mixing plants; Carbon budget for bridge construction includes carbon emissions from mobile emission sources, including fuel-consuming mechanical equipment such as conveying equipment, excavation equipment, motorized lifting equipment, and management commuting; Carbon budget for bridge construction Industrial process carbon emissions, including combustion heating process and non-combustion heating process; Carbon budget for bridge construction includes unorganized carbon emissions, including explosive CO2, system or equipment leakage, waste treatment and disposal, etc.;

[0052] Calculating the carbon budget for bridge construction Energy indirect carbon emissions The calculation formula is:

[0053]

[0054] In formula (4), Carbon emissions from purchased electricity for bridge construction carbon budget, including welding, cutting, transportation, vibration, compressor, excavation and other power-consuming mechanical equipment, on-site construction lighting, office electricity, etc.; Carbon budget for bridge construction includes carbon emissions from purchased heat, including heat (steam) consuming facilities and equipment, building heating, etc.;

[0055] Bridge construction Carbon budget Transport Indirect carbon emissions Mainly generated during the transportation of goods and materials, including road transportation, rail transportation, water transportation and air transportation;

[0056] Calculating the carbon budget for bridge construction: Indirect carbon emissions from materials The calculation formula is:

[0057]

[0058] In formula (5), Carbon budget for bridge construction includes carbon emissions of main materials, including concrete, steel bars, etc. Carbon emissions from auxiliary materials for bridge construction carbon budget, including water-proof materials, metal connectors, cast iron connectors, plastic connectors, etc.

[0059] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in the carbon budget calculation process of the mountain railway construction stage, the carbon budget emissions of the tunnel construction process are calculated according to the project content, accounting boundary and corresponding carbon emission factors, including:

[0060] Calculating the carbon budget for tunnel construction The calculation formula is:

[0061]

[0062] In formula (6), Carbon budget for tunnel construction Direct carbon emissions, Carbon budget for tunnel construction Energy indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budget for tunnel construction Transport indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budgeting of materials for tunnel construction indirect carbon emissions;

[0063] Calculating the carbon budget for tunnel construction Direct carbon emissions The calculation formula is:

[0064]

[0065] In formula (7), Carbon budget for tunnel construction includes carbon emissions from fixed emission sources, including energy production equipment such as diesel generators in concrete mixing plants; Carbon budget for tunnel construction includes carbon emissions from mobile emission sources, including fuel-consuming mechanical equipment such as excavators, loaders, slag trucks, and management commuting; Carbon budget for tunnel construction Industrial process carbon emissions, including combustion heating process and non-combustion heating process; Carbon budget for tunnel construction, including CO2 generation, system or equipment leakage, waste treatment and disposal, etc.

[0066] Calculating the carbon budget of tunnel construction Energy indirect carbon emissions The calculation formula is:

[0067]

[0068] In formula (8), Carbon emissions from purchased electricity for tunnel construction carbon budget, including power-consuming mechanical equipment such as shotcrete, loading and unloading, welding, cutting, transportation, grouting, vibration, excavation, ventilation, machining, on-site construction lighting, office electricity, etc.; Carbon budget for tunnel construction includes carbon emissions from purchased heat, including heat (steam) consuming facilities and equipment, building heating, etc.;

[0069] Tunnel construction Carbon budget Transport indirect carbon emissions Mainly generated during the transportation of goods and materials, including road transportation, rail transportation, water transportation and air transportation;

[0070] Calculating the carbon budget for tunnel construction - Indirect carbon emissions from materials The calculation formula is:

[0071]

[0072] In formula (9), Carbon budget for tunnel construction includes carbon emissions of main materials, including concrete, steel bars, etc. Carbon emissions from auxiliary materials for tunnel construction are calculated, including emulsion explosives, water-proof materials, metal connectors, plastic connectors, anchoring materials, etc.

[0073] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in the carbon budget calculation process of the mountain railway construction stage, the carbon budget emissions of the roadbed construction process are calculated according to the project content, accounting boundary and corresponding carbon emission factors, including:

[0074] Calculating carbon budget emissions for roadbed construction The calculation formula is:

[0075]

[0076] In formula (10), Carbon budget for roadbed construction Direct carbon emissions, Carbon budget for roadbed construction Energy indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budget for roadbed construction Transport indirect carbon emissions, Indirect carbon emissions from materials for roadbed construction carbon budget;

[0077] Calculate direct carbon emissions from roadbed construction carbon budget The calculation formula is:

[0078]

[0079] In formula (11), Carbon budget for roadbed construction Carbon emissions from fixed emission sources, including boilers and other energy production equipment; Carbon budget for roadbed construction includes carbon emissions from mobile emission sources, including excavation, loading, testing, vibrating, mixing and other fuel-consuming mechanical equipment, management commuting, etc.; Carbon budget for roadbed construction includes carbon emissions from industrial processes, including combustion heating processes and non-combustion heating processes; Carbon budget for roadbed construction includes unorganized carbon emissions, including explosion CO2, system or equipment leakage, waste treatment and disposal, etc.;

[0080] Calculate the carbon budget of roadbed construction and indirect carbon emissions from energy The calculation formula is:

[0081]

[0082] In formula (12), Carbon emissions from purchased electricity for roadbed construction carbon budget, including power-consuming machinery and equipment, on-site construction lighting, office electricity, etc.; Carbon budget for outsourced heat carbon emissions for roadbed construction, including heat (steam) consuming facilities and equipment, building heating, etc.;

[0083] Roadbed construction Carbon budget Transportation indirect carbon emissions Mainly generated during the transportation of goods and materials, including road transportation, rail transportation, water transportation and air transportation;

[0084] Calculating the carbon budget of roadbed construction materials and indirect carbon emissions The calculation formula is:

[0085]

[0086] In formula (12), Carbon budget for roadbed construction includes carbon emissions of main materials, including concrete, steel bars, etc. Carbon emissions from auxiliary materials for roadbed construction, including emulsion explosives.

[0087] As a further improvement of this technical solution, in the process of calculating the carbon budget during the mountain railway construction phase, the carbon budget emissions during the construction of the temporary construction project are calculated according to the project content, accounting boundary and corresponding carbon emission factors, including:

[0088] Calculate carbon budget emissions for temporary construction projects The calculation formula is:

[0089]

[0090] In formula (14), Carbon budget for temporary construction projects, direct carbon emissions, Carbon budget for temporary construction projects Energy indirect carbon emissions, CO2-D Y -3 is the carbon budget for temporary construction projects, indirect carbon emissions from transportation, CO2-D Y -4 is the indirect carbon emissions from temporary construction project carbon budget materials;

[0091] Calculate direct carbon emissions from temporary construction projects The calculation formula is:

[0092]

[0093] In formula (15), Carbon budget for temporary construction projects includes carbon emissions from fixed emission sources, including boilers and other energy production equipment; Carbon budget for temporary construction projects includes carbon emissions from mobile emission sources, including mixing, screening and other fuel-consuming mechanical equipment, management commuting, etc.; Carbon budget for temporary construction projects includes carbon emissions from industrial processes, including combustion heating processes and non-combustion heating processes; Carbon budget for temporary construction projects includes unorganized carbon emissions, including system or equipment leakage, waste treatment and disposal, etc.;

[0094] Calculate the carbon budget of temporary construction projects and indirect carbon emissions from energy The calculation formula is:

[0095]

[0096] In formula (16), Carbon emissions from purchased electricity for temporary construction projects, including power-consuming machinery and equipment such as cleaning, spraying, and monitoring, on-site construction lighting, office electricity, etc.; Carbon budget for outsourced heat carbon emissions for temporary construction projects, including heat (steam) consuming facilities and equipment, building heating, etc.;

[0097] Temporary construction projects Carbon budget Transportation indirect carbon emissions Mainly generated during the transportation of goods and materials, including road transportation, rail transportation, water transportation and air transportation;

[0098] Calculate the indirect carbon emissions of temporary construction materials The calculation formula is:

[0099]

[0100] In formula (17), Carbon budget for temporary construction projects includes carbon emissions of main materials, including concrete, steel bars, etc. Carbon emissions from auxiliary materials products for temporary construction projects.

[0101] As a further improvement of the technical solution, in step S4, according to the project content, accounting boundary and carbon emission factor, based on the final accounting data during the mountain railway construction process, the carbon final accounting amount of the mountain railway construction stage is calculated, specifically including:

[0102] Calculate the final carbon emissions during mountain railway construction2-J First, calculate the detailed carbon emissions generated by each component project in the final settlement stage of the mountain railway. Based on formula (1), the modified formula is:

[0103]

[0104] In formula (18), Carbon emissions for bridge construction, Carbon emissions for tunnel construction, Carbon accounting for indirect carbon emissions from transportation for roadbed construction, Final carbon emissions for temporary construction projects.

[0105] The second object of the present invention is to provide a system for carbon budget and carbon settlement during the construction phase of a mountain railway, which is used to implement the above-mentioned method for carbon budget and carbon settlement during the construction phase of a mountain railway, including:

[0106] The carbon emission accounting module of the carbon budget process is used to estimate the carbon emissions generated by each component project before the construction of the mountain railway starts, and to conduct a detailed analysis and comparison of the detailed carbon emissions generated by each component project during the budget stage of mountain railway construction;

[0107] The carbon removal accounting module of the carbon budget process is used to determine the carbon emissions reduced during the mountain railway construction budget phase through greening, energy conservation, and optimization of the construction process;

[0108] The carbon budget process carbon emission reduction pathway analysis module is used to find effective pathways for carbon emission reduction based on the analysis of the carbon budget process carbon emission analysis module;

[0109] The carbon emission accounting module of the carbon finalization process is used to determine the actual carbon emissions generated by each component project after the completion of the mountain railway construction;

[0110] The carbon removal accounting module in the carbon accounting process is used to determine the amount of carbon emissions reduced through greening and carbon reduction projects during the actual construction phase of mountain railway construction;

[0111] The carbon reduction effect analysis module of the carbon settlement process is used to determine the final carbon emissions during the actual construction phase of mountain railway construction.

[0112] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0113] 1. In the carbon budget and carbon final accounting method of the mountain railway construction stage, the problems existing in the data source, stage division, carbon emission type, accounting method and process of carbon emission accounting in the whole process of mountain railway construction are considered on the basis of being in line with international standards. By budgeting the carbon emissions in the mountain railway construction stage, it provides decision makers with quantitative indicators for carbon control and a basis for designing carbon reduction paths; after the completion of the project, the actual carbon emissions of the project construction are accurately calculated, and the effects of carbon control and carbon reduction of design and construction management are evaluated, providing a quantitative basis for conducting low-carbon evaluation of railway construction and helping to achieve the goal of green and low-carbon railway construction;

[0114] 2. In the carbon budget and carbon final accounting method during the construction phase of the mountain railway, the project carbon accounting was divided into carbon budget and carbon final accounting for the first time according to the data source. It was clarified that the carbon budget is mainly based on the quantification of carbon control indicators and the design of carbon reduction paths, while the carbon final accounting is mainly based on the quantitative evaluation of carbon control and carbon reduction effects. It also solved the problem of large deviations in accounting results caused by time series differences in data sources; it solved the deficiency of existing carbon accounting that cannot provide projects with specific quantitative indicators for carbon control and carbon reduction due to its lag; it unified the accounting scope and boundaries, clarified the carbon emission types, and proposed a complete carbon budget and carbon final accounting method and process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0115] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the composition and accounting boundary of the carbon budget and carbon final accounting project of the mountain railway construction project exemplified in the present invention;

[0116] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the carbon budget and carbon settlement workflow for mountain railway construction exemplified in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0117] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0118] Example 1

[0119] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for carbon budget and carbon settlement in the mountain railway construction phase, including the following steps:

[0120] S1. Determine the engineering contents included in the mountain railway construction phase;

[0121] In this step, the engineering contents included in the mountain railway construction phase include: bridge construction, tunnel construction, roadbed construction, and temporary construction projects; among them, temporary construction projects include project departments, concrete mixing stations, aggregate mixing stations, steel bar (structure) plants, box girder prefabrication plants, sleeper prefabrication plants, small structure prefabrication plants, sewage treatment plants, construction access roads, and central material warehouses. If the above temporary facilities are newly built, they are within the scope of carbon accounting; if they are leased, they are not within the scope of carbon accounting.

[0122] S2. Determine the accounting boundaries of the carbon budget and carbon final accounts corresponding to the project content;

[0123] In this step, the carbon accounting boundary of the mountain railway construction process is the unit process involved in the construction period, including: building materials production process, material transportation process, construction process (including main project construction and temporary construction process).

[0124] Among them, the carbon budget during the mountain railway construction phase and the carbon emissions during the carbon settlement period can be calculated. The data source can be shown in the following table:

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] S3. Determine the corresponding process units and carbon emission factors within the accounting boundary;

[0128] In this step, the carbon emission types are refined and clarified under the premise of being in line with the international standard 14064-1; the carbon emission factors in the mountain railway construction process include:

[0129] Direct carbon emissions, energy indirect carbon emissions, transportation indirect carbon emissions, and material indirect carbon emissions.

[0130] Among them, the sources of carbon emission factors can be shown in the following table:

[0131] serial number Sources of carbon emission factors 1 Greenhouse gas emission coefficient database for Chinese products throughout their life cycle 2 Related papers and literature data

[0132] S4. Calculate the carbon budget and carbon final accounts during the mountain railway construction phase based on the project content, accounting boundaries and carbon emission factors and on the basis of the budget and final accounts data during the mountain railway construction process.

[0133] In this step, the carbon budget for the mountain railway construction phase is calculated based on the project content, accounting boundary and carbon emission factor, based on the budget and final accounting data during the mountain railway construction process, including:

[0134] Calculation of carbon budget emissions during mountain railway construction 2-Y , the calculation formula is:

[0135]

[0136] In formula (1), Carbon budget emissions for bridge construction, Carbon budget emissions for tunnel construction, Carbon budget for roadbed construction Transport indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budget emissions for temporary construction projects.

[0137] Furthermore, during the calculation of the carbon budget during the mountain railway construction phase, the carbon budget emissions during the bridge construction process are calculated based on the project content, accounting boundaries and corresponding carbon emission factors, including:

[0138] Calculating the carbon budget for bridge construction The calculation formula is:

[0139]

[0140] In formula (2), Carbon budget for bridge construction Direct carbon emissions, Carbon budget for bridge construction Energy indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budget for bridge construction Transport indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budgeting of materials for bridge construction indirect carbon emissions;

[0141] Calculating the carbon budget for bridge construction Direct carbon emissions The calculation formula is:

[0142]

[0143] In formula (3), Carbon budget for bridge construction Carbon emissions from fixed emission sources, including energy production equipment such as diesel generators in concrete mixing plants; Carbon budget for bridge construction includes carbon emissions from mobile emission sources, including fuel-consuming mechanical equipment such as conveying equipment, excavation equipment, motorized lifting equipment, and management commuting; Carbon budget for bridge construction Industrial process carbon emissions, including combustion heating process and non-combustion heating process; Carbon budget for bridge construction includes unorganized carbon emissions, including explosive CO2, system or equipment leakage, waste treatment and disposal, etc.;

[0144] Calculating the carbon budget for bridge construction Energy indirect carbon emissions The calculation formula is:

[0145]

[0146] In formula (4), Carbon emissions from purchased electricity for bridge construction carbon budget, including welding, cutting, transportation, vibration, compressor, excavation and other power-consuming mechanical equipment, on-site construction lighting, office electricity, etc.; Carbon budget for bridge construction includes carbon emissions from purchased heat, including heat (steam) consuming facilities and equipment, building heating, etc.;

[0147] Bridge construction Carbon budget Transport Indirect carbon emissions Mainly generated during the transportation of goods and materials, including road transportation, rail transportation, water transportation and air transportation;

[0148] Calculating the carbon budget for bridge construction: Indirect carbon emissions from materials The calculation formula is:

[0149]

[0150] In formula (5), Carbon budget for bridge construction includes carbon emissions of main materials, including concrete, steel bars, etc. Carbon emissions from auxiliary materials for bridge construction carbon budget, including water-proof materials, metal connectors, cast iron connectors, plastic connectors, etc.

[0151] Furthermore, during the calculation of the carbon budget during the mountain railway construction phase, the carbon budget emissions during the tunnel construction process are calculated based on the project content, accounting boundaries and corresponding carbon emission factors, including:

[0152] Calculating the carbon budget for tunnel construction The calculation formula is:

[0153]

[0154] In formula (6), Carbon budget for tunnel construction Direct carbon emissions, Carbon budget for tunnel construction Energy indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budget for tunnel construction Transport indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budgeting of materials for tunnel construction indirect carbon emissions;

[0155] Calculating the carbon budget for tunnel construction Direct carbon emissions The calculation formula is:

[0156]

[0157] In formula (7), Carbon budget for tunnel construction includes carbon emissions from fixed emission sources, including energy production equipment such as diesel generators in concrete mixing plants; Carbon budget for tunnel construction includes carbon emissions from mobile emission sources, including fuel-consuming mechanical equipment such as excavators, loaders, slag trucks, and management commuting; Carbon budget for tunnel construction Industrial process carbon emissions, including combustion heating process and non-combustion heating process; Carbon budget for tunnel construction, including CO2 generation, system or equipment leakage, waste treatment and disposal, etc.

[0158] Calculating the carbon budget of tunnel construction Energy indirect carbon emissions The calculation formula is:

[0159]

[0160] In formula (8), Carbon emissions from purchased electricity for tunnel construction carbon budget, including power-consuming mechanical equipment such as shotcrete, loading and unloading, welding, cutting, transportation, grouting, vibration, excavation, ventilation, machining, on-site construction lighting, office electricity, etc.; Carbon budget for tunnel construction includes carbon emissions from purchased heat, including heat (steam) consuming facilities and equipment, building heating, etc.;

[0161] Tunnel construction Carbon budget Transport indirect carbon emissions Mainly generated during the transportation of goods and materials, including road transportation, rail transportation, water transportation and air transportation;

[0162] Calculating the carbon budget for tunnel construction - Indirect carbon emissions from materials The calculation formula is:

[0163]

[0164] In formula (9), Carbon budget for tunnel construction includes carbon emissions of main materials, including concrete, steel bars, etc. Carbon emissions from auxiliary materials for tunnel construction are calculated, including emulsion explosives, water-proof materials, metal connectors, plastic connectors, anchoring materials, etc.

[0165] Furthermore, during the calculation of the carbon budget during the mountain railway construction phase, the carbon budget emissions during the roadbed construction process are calculated based on the project content, accounting boundaries and corresponding carbon emission factors, including:

[0166] Calculating carbon budget emissions for roadbed construction The calculation formula is:

[0167]

[0168] In formula (10), Carbon budget for roadbed construction Direct carbon emissions, Carbon budget for roadbed construction Energy indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budget for roadbed construction Transport indirect carbon emissions, Indirect carbon emissions from materials for roadbed construction carbon budget;

[0169] Calculate direct carbon emissions from roadbed construction carbon budget The calculation formula is:

[0170]

[0171] In formula (11), Carbon budget for roadbed construction Carbon emissions from fixed emission sources, including boilers and other energy production equipment; Carbon budget for roadbed construction includes carbon emissions from mobile emission sources, including excavation, loading, testing, vibrating, mixing and other fuel-consuming mechanical equipment, management commuting, etc.; Carbon budget for roadbed construction includes carbon emissions from industrial processes, including combustion heating processes and non-combustion heating processes; Carbon budget for roadbed construction includes unorganized carbon emissions, including explosion CO2, system or equipment leakage, waste treatment and disposal, etc.;

[0172] Calculate the carbon budget of roadbed construction and indirect carbon emissions from energy The calculation formula is:

[0173]

[0174] In formula (12), Carbon emissions from purchased electricity for roadbed construction carbon budget, including power-consuming machinery and equipment, on-site construction lighting, office electricity, etc.; Carbon budget for outsourced heat carbon emissions for roadbed construction, including heat (steam) consuming facilities and equipment, building heating, etc.;

[0175] Roadbed construction Carbon budget Transportation indirect carbon emissions Mainly generated during the transportation of goods and materials, including road transportation, rail transportation, water transportation and air transportation;

[0176] Calculating the carbon budget of roadbed construction materials and indirect carbon emissions The calculation formula is:

[0177]

[0178] In formula (12), Carbon budget for roadbed construction includes carbon emissions of main materials, including concrete, steel bars, etc. Carbon emissions from auxiliary materials for roadbed construction, including emulsion explosives.

[0179] Furthermore, during the calculation of the carbon budget during the mountain railway construction phase, the carbon budget emissions during the construction of the temporary construction project are calculated based on the project content, accounting boundary and corresponding carbon emission factors, including:

[0180] Calculate carbon budget emissions for temporary construction projects The calculation formula is:

[0181]

[0182] In formula (14), Carbon budget for temporary construction projects, direct carbon emissions, Carbon budget for temporary construction projects Energy indirect carbon emissions, CO2-D Y -3 is the carbon budget for temporary construction projects, indirect carbon emissions from transportation, CO2-D Y -4 is the indirect carbon emissions from temporary construction project carbon budget materials;

[0183] Calculate direct carbon emissions from temporary construction projects The calculation formula is:

[0184]

[0185] In formula (15), Carbon budget for temporary construction projects includes carbon emissions from fixed emission sources, including boilers and other energy production equipment; Carbon budget for temporary construction projects includes carbon emissions from mobile emission sources, including mixing, screening and other fuel-consuming mechanical equipment, management commuting, etc.; Carbon budget for temporary construction projects includes carbon emissions from industrial processes, including combustion heating processes and non-combustion heating processes; Carbon budget for temporary construction projects includes unorganized carbon emissions, including system or equipment leakage, waste treatment and disposal, etc.;

[0186] Calculate the carbon budget of temporary construction projects and indirect carbon emissions from energy The calculation formula is:

[0187]

[0188] In formula (16), Carbon emissions from purchased electricity for temporary construction projects, including power-consuming machinery and equipment such as cleaning, spraying, and monitoring, on-site construction lighting, office electricity, etc.; Carbon budget for outsourced heat carbon emissions for temporary construction projects, including heat (steam) consuming facilities and equipment, building heating, etc.;

[0189] Temporary construction projects Carbon budget Transportation indirect carbon emissions Mainly generated during the transportation of goods and materials, including road transportation, rail transportation, water transportation and air transportation;

[0190] Calculate the indirect carbon emissions of temporary construction materials The calculation formula is:

[0191]

[0192] In formula (17), Carbon budget for temporary construction projects includes carbon emissions of main materials, including concrete, steel bars, etc. Carbon emissions from auxiliary materials products for temporary construction projects.

[0193] In addition, the calculation and data statistics of the carbon final account are calculated based on the actual statistical data after the completion of the mountain railway construction. The calculation formula is consistent with the calculation process of carbon accounting, and will not be repeated here. Furthermore, according to the project content, accounting boundary and carbon emission factor, based on the budget and final account data during the mountain railway construction process, the carbon final account amount of the mountain railway construction stage is calculated, including:

[0194] Calculation of carbon budget emissions during mountain railway construction 2-J First, calculate the detailed carbon emissions generated by each component project in the final settlement stage of the mountain railway. Based on formula (1), the modified formula is:

[0195]

[0196] In formula (18), Carbon emissions for bridge construction, Carbon emissions for tunnel construction, Carbon accounting for indirect carbon emissions from transportation for roadbed construction, Final carbon emissions for temporary construction projects.

[0197] This embodiment also provides a system for carbon budget and carbon settlement during the mountain railway construction phase, which is used to implement the above-mentioned method for carbon budget and carbon settlement during the mountain railway construction phase, such as Figure 2 As shown, including:

[0198] The carbon emission accounting module of the carbon budget process is used to estimate the carbon emissions generated by each component project before the construction of the mountain railway starts, and to conduct a detailed analysis and comparison of the detailed carbon emissions generated by each component project during the budget stage of mountain railway construction;

[0199] Specifically, the engineering content included in the mountain railway construction process is divided into four parts: bridge construction, tunnel construction, roadbed construction, and temporary construction project construction. The carbon emission accounting sources of each part are determined to include direct carbon emissions, energy indirect carbon emissions, transportation indirect carbon emissions, and material indirect carbon emissions.

[0200] Specifically, the carbon budget emissions of mountain railway construction process were calculated. 2-Y , the calculation formula is:

[0201]

[0202] In formula (1), Carbon budget emissions for bridge construction, Carbon budget emissions for tunnel construction, Carbon budget for roadbed construction Transport indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budget emissions for temporary construction projects.

[0203] The carbon removal accounting module of the carbon budget process is used to determine the carbon emissions reduced during the mountain railway construction budget phase through greening, energy conservation, and optimization of the construction process;

[0204] Specifically, the carbon emissions reduced through greening, carbon reduction projects and other means during the budget phase of mountain railway construction are calculated, and the carbon emission factors in the Chinese product life cycle greenhouse gas emission coefficient database and related paper literature data are used as carbon emission factors for various carbon removal pathways.

[0205] The carbon budget process carbon emission reduction pathway analysis module seeks effective pathways for carbon emission reduction based on the analysis of the carbon budget process carbon emissions analysis module. Specifically, based on the calculation data of the carbon budget process carbon emissions accounting module and the carbon budget process carbon removal accounting module, it analyzes possible carbon emission reduction links and determines effective carbon emission reduction pathways to achieve the goal of reducing carbon emissions in mountain railway construction.

[0206] The carbon emission accounting module of the carbon settlement process is used to determine the actual carbon emissions generated by each component project after the completion of the mountain railway construction;

[0207] Specifically, based on formula (1), the carbon budget emission of mountain railway construction process is calculated as: 2-J First, calculate the detailed carbon emissions generated by each component project in the final settlement stage of the mountain railway construction. The modified formula is:

[0208]

[0209] In formula (18), Carbon emissions for bridge construction, Carbon emissions for tunnel construction, Carbon accounting for indirect carbon emissions from transportation for roadbed construction, Final carbon emissions for temporary construction projects.

[0210] The carbon removal accounting module in the carbon accounting process is used to determine the amount of carbon emissions reduced through greening and carbon reduction projects during the actual construction phase of mountain railway construction;

[0211] Specifically, the carbon emissions reduced during the final settlement stage of mountain railway construction through greening, energy conservation, and optimization of the construction process are calculated, and the carbon emission factors in the Chinese product life cycle greenhouse gas emission coefficient database and related paper literature data are used as carbon emission factors for various carbon removal pathways.

[0212] The carbon reduction effect analysis module of the carbon accounting process is used to determine the final carbon emissions during the actual construction phase of mountain railway construction;

[0213] Specifically, based on the calculation data of the carbon emission accounting module in the carbon finalization process and the carbon removal accounting module in the carbon finalization process, the carbon emission reductions of the carbon emission reduction measures that have been implemented are calculated, and the actual carbon emissions of mountain railway construction are calculated.

[0214] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the process of implementing all or part of the steps of the above embodiments may be completed by hardware, or may be completed by instructing related hardware through a program.

[0215] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for carbon budget and carbon accounting during the construction phase of a mountain railway, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Determine the engineering contents included in the mountain railway construction phase; S2. Determine the accounting boundaries of the carbon budget and carbon final accounts corresponding to the project content; S3. Determine the corresponding process units and carbon emission factors within the accounting boundary; S4. Calculate the carbon budget and carbon final accounts during the mountain railway construction phase based on the project content, accounting boundaries and carbon emission factors and on the basis of the budget and final accounts data during the mountain railway construction process.

2. The method of carbon budget and carbon accounting during the mountain railway construction phase according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the engineering contents included in the mountain railway construction phase include: Bridge construction, tunnel construction, roadbed construction, temporary construction projects; temporary construction projects include project departments, concrete mixing plants, aggregate mixing plants, steel bar / structure plants, box girder prefabrication plants, sleeper prefabrication plants, small structure prefabrication plants, sewage treatment plants, construction access roads, and central material warehouses; if the above temporary facilities are newly built, they are within the scope of carbon accounting, and if they are leased, they are not within the scope of carbon accounting.

3. The method of carbon budget and carbon accounting during the mountain railway construction phase according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the accounting boundary of the carbon budget and carbon final account corresponding to the project content is the unit process involved in the project construction period, including: Building materials production process, material transportation process, and construction process; the construction process includes the main project construction process and temporary project construction process.

4. The method of carbon budget and carbon accounting during the mountain railway construction phase according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, the carbon emission factor corresponding to the accounting boundary is calculated, including: Direct carbon emissions, energy indirect carbon emissions, transportation indirect carbon emissions, and material indirect carbon emissions.

5. The method of carbon budget and carbon accounting during the mountain railway construction phase according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S4, the carbon budget for the mountain railway construction phase is calculated based on the project content, accounting boundary and carbon emission factor, based on the budget and final accounting data during the mountain railway construction process, specifically including: Calculation of carbon budget emissions during mountain railway construction 2-Y , the calculation formula is: In formula (1), Carbon budget emissions for bridge construction, Carbon budget emissions for tunnel construction, Carbon budget for roadbed construction Transport indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budget emissions for temporary construction projects.

6. The method of carbon budget and carbon accounting during the mountain railway construction phase according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the carbon budget calculation process of the mountain railway construction stage, the carbon budget emissions of the bridge construction process are calculated based on the project content, accounting boundary and corresponding carbon emission factors, including: Calculating the carbon budget for bridge construction The calculation formula is: In formula (2), Carbon budget for bridge construction Direct carbon emissions, Carbon budget for bridge construction Energy indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budget for bridge construction Transport indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budgeting of materials for bridge construction indirect carbon emissions; Calculating the carbon budget for bridge construction Direct carbon emissions The calculation formula is: In formula (3), Carbon budget for bridge construction: Carbon emissions from fixed emission sources; Carbon budget for bridge construction Mobile emission source carbon emissions; Carbon budgeting industrial process carbon emissions for bridge construction; Carbon budgeting for bridge construction unorganized carbon emissions; Calculating the carbon budget for bridge construction Energy indirect carbon emissions The calculation formula is: In formula (4), Carbon emissions from purchased electricity for bridge construction carbon budget; Outsourcing heat carbon emissions for bridge construction carbon budget; Bridge construction Carbon budget Transport Indirect carbon emissions Mainly generated during the transportation of goods and materials, including road transportation, rail transportation, water transportation and air transportation; Calculating the carbon budget for bridge construction: Indirect carbon emissions from materials The calculation formula is: In formula (5), Carbon budget for bridge construction: Carbon emissions of main materials; Carbon emissions of auxiliary materials products for bridge construction carbon budget.

7. The method of carbon budget and carbon accounting during the mountain railway construction phase according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the carbon budget calculation process of the mountain railway construction stage, the carbon budget emissions of the tunnel construction process are calculated according to the project content, accounting boundary and corresponding carbon emission factors, including: Calculating the carbon budget for tunnel construction The calculation formula is: In formula (6), Carbon budget for tunnel construction Direct carbon emissions, Carbon budget for tunnel construction Energy indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budget for tunnel construction Transport indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budgeting of materials for tunnel construction indirect carbon emissions; Calculating the carbon budget for tunnel construction Direct carbon emissions The calculation formula is: In formula (7), Carbon budget for tunnel construction Carbon emissions from fixed sources; Carbon budget for tunnel construction Mobile source carbon emissions; Carbon budgeting of industrial process carbon emissions for tunnel construction; Carbon budgeting of unorganized carbon emissions for tunnel construction; Calculating the carbon budget of tunnel construction Energy indirect carbon emissions The calculation formula is: In formula (8), Carbon emissions from purchased electricity for tunnel construction carbon budget; Carbon emissions from outsourcing heat for tunnel construction carbon budget; Tunnel construction Carbon budget Transport indirect carbon emissions Mainly generated during the transportation of goods and materials; Calculating the carbon budget for tunnel construction - Indirect carbon emissions from materials The calculation formula is: In formula (9), Carbon emissions of main materials products for tunnel construction carbon budget; Carbon emissions of auxiliary materials products for tunnel construction carbon budget.

8. The method of carbon budget and carbon accounting during the mountain railway construction phase according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the carbon budget calculation process of the mountain railway construction stage, the carbon budget emissions of the roadbed construction process are calculated according to the project content, accounting boundary and corresponding carbon emission factors, including: Calculating carbon budget emissions for roadbed construction The calculation formula is: In formula (10), Carbon budget for roadbed construction Direct carbon emissions, Carbon budget for roadbed construction Energy indirect carbon emissions, Carbon budget for roadbed construction Transport indirect carbon emissions, Indirect carbon emissions from materials for roadbed construction carbon budget; Calculate direct carbon emissions from roadbed construction carbon budget The calculation formula is: In formula (11), Carbon budget for roadbed construction: Carbon emissions from fixed emission sources; Carbon budget for roadbed construction Carbon emissions from mobile emission sources; Carbon budgeting of industrial process carbon emissions for roadbed construction; Carbon budget for roadbed construction unorganized carbon emissions; Calculate the carbon budget of roadbed construction and indirect carbon emissions from energy The calculation formula is: In formula (12), Carbon emissions from purchased electricity for roadbed construction carbon budget; Carbon emissions from outsourcing heat for roadbed construction carbon budget; Roadbed construction Carbon budget Transportation indirect carbon emissions Mainly generated during the transportation of goods and materials; Calculating the carbon budget of roadbed construction materials and indirect carbon emissions The calculation formula is: In formula (12), Carbon emissions of main materials for roadbed construction carbon budget; Carbon emissions from auxiliary materials products for roadbed construction carbon budget.

9. The method of carbon budget and carbon accounting during the mountain railway construction phase according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the process of calculating the carbon budget during the mountain railway construction phase, the carbon budget emissions during the temporary construction process are calculated based on the project content, accounting boundaries and corresponding carbon emission factors, including: Calculate carbon budget emissions for temporary construction projects The calculation formula is: In formula (14), Carbon budget for temporary construction projects, direct carbon emissions, Carbon budget for temporary construction projects Energy indirect carbon emissions, CO2-D Y -3 is the carbon budget for temporary construction projects, indirect carbon emissions from transportation, CO2-D Y -4 is the indirect carbon emissions from temporary construction project carbon budget materials; Calculate direct carbon emissions from temporary construction projects The calculation formula is: In formula (15), Carbon budget for temporary construction projects to determine carbon emissions from fixed emission sources; Carbon budget for temporary construction projects to calculate carbon emissions from mobile emission sources; Carbon budget for temporary construction projects to calculate carbon emissions from industrial processes; Carbon budget for temporary construction projects to determine unorganized carbon emissions; Calculate the carbon budget of temporary construction projects and indirect carbon emissions from energy The calculation formula is: In formula (16), Carbon emissions from purchased electricity for temporary construction projects; Carbon emissions from outsourced heat for temporary construction projects; Temporary construction projects Carbon budget Transportation indirect carbon emissions Mainly generated during the transportation of goods and materials; Calculate the indirect carbon emissions of temporary construction materials The calculation formula is: In formula (17), Carbon budget for temporary construction projects to calculate carbon emissions from main materials; Carbon emissions from auxiliary materials products for temporary construction projects.

10. The method of carbon budget and carbon accounting during the mountain railway construction phase according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S4, according to the project content, accounting boundary and carbon emission factor, based on the budget and final accounting data during the mountain railway construction process, the carbon final accounting amount of the mountain railway construction stage is calculated, which specifically includes: Calculation of carbon budget emissions during mountain railway construction 2-J First, calculate the detailed carbon emissions generated by each component project in the final settlement stage of the mountain railway. Based on formula (1), the modified formula is: In formula (18), Carbon emissions for bridge construction, Carbon emissions for tunnel construction, Carbon accounting for indirect carbon emissions from transportation for roadbed construction, Final carbon emissions for temporary construction projects.

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