Biofilm treatment apple bagging-free cultivation method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and discloses a biofilm treatment apple bagging-free cultivation method which comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a biofilm preparation, and diluting the biofilm preparation; s2, in the growth period of the apples, the biological membrane preparation is sprayed to leaves and fruit surfaces of the apples; s3, spraying is performed for 4-6 times in the apple growth period, and the spraying interval is 20 days; s4, respectively collecting a leaf sample and a fruit sample for analysis one week and one month after spraying each time, and determining the quality of the fruits; the invention provides an efficient, simple, convenient and environment-friendly apple bagging-free cultivation technology, the apple quality can be effectively improved, and the cultivation cost is reduced; the problem that in the prior art, the cost is high in the apple cultivation process is solved, and the method is suitable for apple bagging-free cultivation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a bag-free cultivation method for apples treated with biofilm. Background Art

[0002] China ranks first in the world in terms of apple planting area and production scale. Fuji is the main variety cultivated in my country, accounting for nearly 70% of the total cultivated area, and bagging is widely used. However, the cost of bagging apple production in my country is rising, and factors such as labor shortage and high prices have led to bagging production accounting for 30% of the total annual investment cost of orchards. The labor cost in the cultivation process is too high, and the cost of bagging alone is about 1 yuan per kilogram. Bagging apples has become an important factor restricting the quality improvement, efficiency enhancement and sustainable development of the apple industry. Therefore, the present invention proposes a bag-free cultivation method for biofilm-treated apples, thereby providing an efficient and simple bag-free cultivation method to reduce the production cost of "Fuji" apples, thereby achieving the purpose of saving costs and increasing efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a method for cultivating apples without bagging by biofilm treatment, thereby significantly improving the quality of the fruit through the biofilm and effectively reducing the cost of apple production.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for biofilm-treated apple bag-free cultivation, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. preparing the biofilm preparation required for spraying and diluting the biofilm preparation;

[0006] S2. During the apple growth period, use biofilm preparations to spray leaves and fruit surfaces;

[0007] S3, spray 6-8 times in total during the apple growth period, with an interval of 20 days between each spraying;

[0008] S4. Collect leaf samples and fruit samples one week and one month after spraying to determine photosynthetic intensity, fruit appearance, internal quality and pesticide residue content in the fruit;

[0009] Furthermore, the composition of the biofilm preparation in step S1 is: 20-25 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 15-20 parts of methylotrophic Bacillus, 2-4 parts of tea polyphenols, 10-20 parts of citric acid, 15-25 parts of bamboo vinegar, 1-5 parts of sucrose fatty acid, 2-6 parts of ascorbic acid, and the rest is water, and the sum of the mass of the above components is 100%.

[0010] Furthermore, the biofilm preparation in step S1 is diluted 400-600 times when used.

[0011] Furthermore, step S3 is performed 8 times during the apple growth period, from late May to early September, with an interval of 20 days between each spraying.

[0012] Furthermore, the bag-free cultivation method is applied to apple cultivation.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the technical solution are as follows: the spraying cultivation method of the present invention can effectively improve the hardness, soluble solids, sugar-acid ratio and vitamin C content of the fruit, can improve the quality of the fruit, improve the flavor of the fruit, and greatly improve the color, taste and nutritional value, thereby enhancing the quality of the fruit. At the same time, compared with bagging for apple cultivation, it can effectively save costs of 2,500 yuan / mu, thereby achieving cost saving and efficiency improvement in apple production. At the same time, the cultivation method of the present invention is easy to operate, and only needs to spray the configured biofilm preparation on the leaf surface or fruit surface of the fruit according to a certain time rule, which greatly saves labor costs and time costs. The protective film of the present invention is a biofilm, which will not cause pollution and harm to the soil, and is in line with the development direction of green and environmental protection in modern agriculture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments:

[0015] Example:

[0016] This embodiment uses eight-year-old 'Fuji' apple trees, a total of 100 trees, which are randomly divided into 5 groups, each with 10 trees. There are a control group and four treatment groups, and each treatment group is sprayed with different concentrations of biofilm. The components of the biofilm are: 25 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 20 parts of methylotrophic Bacillus, 4 parts of tea polyphenols, 20 parts of citric acid, 25 parts of bamboo vinegar, 5 parts of sucrose fatty acids, 6 parts of ascorbic acid, and the rest is water, and the sum of the mass of the above components is 100%.

[0017] Materials and equipment:

[0018] Biofilm preparation: the concentrations were 0 mg / L, 400-fold dilution, 500-fold dilution, and 600-fold dilution.

[0019] Sprayer: Hand-held sprayer with a capacity of 5 liters.

[0020] Protective equipment: gloves, goggles, masks.

[0021] Measuring equipment: colorimeter, hardness tester, sugar acid tester.

[0022] Method steps:

[0023] 1. Solution preparation

[0024] Control group 1: spray with clean water.

[0025] Control group 2: bagging treatment, double-layer paper bag.

[0026] Treatment groups: 400-fold, 500-fold, and 600-fold dilutions of the biofilm preparation were diluted to 5 liters, respectively.

[0027] 2. Spraying operation

[0028] From late May to early September, choose a windless and sunny day and spray once before 10 am or after 4 pm. The interval between each spraying is 20 days. Spray 8 times in total. When spraying, keep the sprayer nozzle about 30 cm away from the fruit to ensure that each fruit is evenly covered.

[0029] 3. Data Collection

[0030] Fruit samples were collected in mid-October. The color of the fruit was measured using a colorimeter. The hardness of the fruit was measured using a hardness meter. The sugar and acid content of the fruit was measured using a sugar and acid meter.

[0031] The experimental data are shown in Table 1.

[0032] Table 1 Color, firmness and sugar and acid content of fruits in each experimental group

[0033]

[0034] From Table 1 we can see that:

[0035] Fruit gloss: Compared with the control group, the brightness value (L*) of each treatment group was lower than that of the control group, among which treatment group 1 (biofilm preparation diluted 400 times) was closest to the control group, with a value of 53.31; compared with the control group, the red saturation (a*) of each treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group, among which treatment group 2 (biofilm 500 times solution) was significantly increased to 25.01; compared with the control group, the yellow saturation (b*) of treatment group 3 (biofilm preparation diluted 600 times) was closest to the control group's value of 21.22.

[0036] Fruit hardness: All treatment groups were significantly higher than control group 2 (bagging control). The closest to control group 1 (water control) was treatment group 1 (biofilm preparation diluted 400 times), with a fruit hardness of 3.63 kg / cm 3 .

[0037] Fruit sugar and acid content: Among all treatment groups, the best performance in terms of soluble solids content and fruit acidity was in treatment group 2 (biofilm diluted 500 times), with soluble solids reaching 14.13% and fruit acidity reaching 0.41%.

[0038] In summary, during this experiment, spraying the biofilm solution preparation three times with different dilution multiples significantly improved the fruit gloss, fruit hardness, and fruit sugar and acid content of "Fuji" apples. In particular, treatment group 2 (biofilm preparation diluted 500 times) had the best effect, which can effectively improve the quality of apples and significantly improve the sugar and acid flavor quality of the fruit. It can effectively improve the quality of fruits and reduce costs at the same time.

[0039] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating apples without bagging by biofilm treatment, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. preparing the biofilm preparation required for spraying and diluting the biofilm preparation; S2. During the apple growth period, use biofilm preparations to spray leaves and fruit surfaces; S3, spray 6-8 times in total during the apple growth period, with an interval of 20 days between each spraying; S4. Collect leaf samples and fruit samples one week and one month after spraying for analysis to determine the photosynthetic intensity, fruit appearance, internal quality and pesticide residue content in the fruit.

2. The method for cultivating apples without bagging by biofilm treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composition of the biofilm preparation in step S1 is: 20-25 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 15-20 parts of methylotrophic Bacillus, 2-4 parts of tea polyphenols, 10-20 parts of citric acid, 15-25 parts of bamboo vinegar, 1-5 parts of sucrose fatty acid, 2-6 parts of ascorbic acid, and the rest is water, and the sum of the mass of the above components is 100%.

3. The method for cultivating apples without bagging by biofilm treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the biofilm preparation is diluted 400-600 times when used.

4. The method for cultivating apples without bagging by biofilm treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 is to spray 8 times in total during the growth period of apples, respectively from late May to early September, with an interval of 20 days between each spraying.

5. A method for cultivating apples without bagging treated with biofilm according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The bag-free cultivation method is applied to apple cultivation.

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