Sheet metal part forming method

Abstract

The invention discloses a sheet metal part forming method which comprises the following steps: cutting two sides of a first sheet metal part to obtain a second sheet metal part comprising a sheet metal part main body and a plurality of cutting blocks; the multiple cutting blocks on the two sides of the second plate are bent, and a third plate comprising a plate body and a first flange is obtained; a third plate is placed on a first workbench in the direction that the first turned-over edge faces downwards, the first end of the third plate is supported on the ground, the first workbench is supported at the position, away from the first end, of the third plate, force is applied to the first turned-over edge of the third plate, and a fourth plate with the preset radian is obtained; the curved surface of the fourth plate is shaped, and a fifth plate with the target radian is obtained; and the multiple cutting blocks in the fifth plate are subjected to kerf welding, and the main beam is obtained. According to the method, the sheet metal part can be formed without an auxiliary device, and the forming accuracy and convenience of the sheet metal part of the main beam are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of sheet metal forming, and in particular to a sheet metal forming method. Background Art

[0002] Existing sheet metal forming generally adopts stamping in the machinery manufacturing industry, which uses molds and stamping equipment to apply pressure to the sheet material to make the sheet material plastically deform or separate, thereby obtaining sheet metal parts with certain shapes, sizes and performances. However, the demand for sheet metal parts in the trial production field is generally met by soft molds and stamping equipment. For a very small number of customized cars and mule cars, the time cycle for sheet metal forming is long and the cost is expensive, which has the risk of delaying the R&D cycle and increasing R&D costs. Summary of the invention

[0003] The embodiment of the present invention provides a sheet metal forming method to solve the problem that the existing sheet metal forming process needs to rely on soft film and stamping equipment, resulting in a long development cycle and high cost.

[0004] A sheet metal forming method, comprising:

[0005] Cutting two sides of the first plate to obtain a second plate, wherein the second plate includes a plate body and a plurality of cutting blocks extending from two sides of the plate body;

[0006] Bending the multiple cut pieces on both sides of the second plate to obtain a third plate, wherein the third plate includes the plate body and two first flanges extending from both sides of the plate body in the same direction;

[0007] The third plate is placed on the first workbench with the first flange facing downward, the first end of the third plate is supported on the ground, the first workbench is supported at a position of the third plate away from the first end, and force is applied to the first flange of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature;

[0008] Performing shaping processing on the curved surface of the fourth plate to obtain a fifth plate having a target curvature;

[0009] The plurality of cut blocks in the fifth plate are subjected to seam cutting and welding to obtain a main beam.

[0010] Preferably, the cutting of both sides of the first plate to obtain a second plate comprising a plurality of cut pieces comprises:

[0011] Dividing the first plate into regions to determine a plate body and edge regions arranged on both sides of the plate body in a length direction;

[0012] The two edge regions are cut into equal parts along the width direction of the plate body to obtain a second plate comprising a plurality of cut blocks.

[0013] Preferably, the third plate material further includes a second flange extending outward from one side of each of the first flanges.

[0014] Preferably, after dividing the first plate into regions to determine a plate body and edge regions arranged on both sides of the plate body in a length direction, the sheet metal forming method further comprises:

[0015] A first bending line and a second bending line corresponding to the first plate are determined, wherein the first bending line is a boundary line between the edge region and the plate body, and the second bending line is a bending line arranged in the edge region along the length direction of the plate body.

[0016] Preferably, the step of bending the plurality of cut pieces on both sides of the second plate to obtain a third plate comprises:

[0017] Based on the two first bending lines, a plurality of cut pieces on both sides of the second plate are bent in the same direction to a first preset angle to obtain a bent plate;

[0018] Based on the two second bending lines, the multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the bent plate are bent outwardly in the same direction to a second preset angle to obtain a third plate including a first flange and a second flange.

[0019] Preferably, the third plate is placed on a first workbench with the first flange facing downward, the first end of the third plate is supported on the ground, the first workbench is supported at a position of the third plate away from the first end, and force is applied to the first flange of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature, including:

[0020] According to the sequence from the middle position to the two end positions of the first flange, force is alternately applied to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate along a direction perpendicular to the plate body of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature.

[0021] Preferably, the alternately applying force to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature includes:

[0022] Alternately applying force to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate to obtain a third plate after force is applied;

[0023] The arc shape correction is performed on the third plate after the force is applied by using an arc shape sample block, and when the curvature of the plate body of the third plate after the force is applied matches the arc shape sample block, a fourth plate with a preset curvature is obtained.

[0024] Preferably, the step of shaping the curved surface of the fourth plate to obtain a fifth plate having a target curvature includes:

[0025] Two arc-shaped shaping blocks are placed on the plate body of the fourth plate, the distance between each arc-shaped shaping block and each first bending line is a first preset distance, and each arc-shaped shaping block is provided with at least two preset welding points at intervals;

[0026] Based on the preset welding points, the arc-shaped shaping sample block and the unbent surface of the fourth plate are alternately spot welded and corrected in sequence to obtain a fifth plate with a target curvature.

[0027] Preferably, the step of performing seam welding on a plurality of cut blocks in the fifth plate to obtain a main beam comprises:

[0028] Performing N diagonal cut welding on the plurality of cut blocks in the fifth plate, wherein the welding length of each diagonal cut welding is 1 / N of the total cut length, and N≥2;

[0029] After the seam welding is completed, the stress of the weld is removed, and the arc-shaped shaping sample block in the fifth plate is removed to obtain the main beam.

[0030] Preferably, after the plurality of cut blocks in the fifth plate are cut and welded to obtain the main beam, the sheet metal forming method further comprises:

[0031] A target cover plate with a target curvature is placed on the bending surface of the main beam, and the main beam and the target cover plate are welded to obtain a cross beam.

[0032] Preferably, a target cover plate having a target curvature is placed on the bending surface of the main beam, and the main beam and the target cover plate are welded to obtain the cross beam, and the sheet metal forming method further comprises:

[0033] Placing the first cover plate flatly on a second workbench, wherein the second workbench comprises a workbench body and a V-shaped groove arranged on the workbench body;

[0034] According to the sequence from the middle position to the two end positions of the first cover plate, force is applied to the first cover plate in a direction perpendicular to the first cover plate to obtain a target cover plate with the target curvature.

[0035] Preferably, the first plate is provided with an avoidance hole;

[0036] After the curved surface of the fourth plate is subjected to shaping processing to obtain the fifth plate of the target curvature, and before the plurality of cut blocks in the fifth plate are subjected to seam welding to obtain the main beam, the sheet metal forming method further comprises:

[0037] The target avoidance rib is placed in the avoidance hole of the fifth plate, and the target avoidance rib and the avoidance hole of the fifth plate are diagonally welded.

[0038] Preferably, before placing the target avoidance rib in the avoidance hole of the fifth plate and diagonally welding the target avoidance rib and the avoidance hole of the fifth plate, the sheet metal forming method includes:

[0039] Obtain an avoidance rib plate, the avoidance rib plate comprising an avoidance rib body, a first side plate, a second side plate and a third side plate extending from an edge of the avoidance rib body, the first side plate and the second side plate being arranged on opposite sides of the avoidance rib body, and an angle being formed between the third side plate and the first side plate and the second side plate;

[0040] Bend the first side panel, the second side panel and the third side panel in the same direction, so that the edges of the first side panel and the third side panel contact to form a first joint edge, and the edges of the second side panel and the third side panel contact to form a second joint edge;

[0041] The first joint edge and the second joint edge are welded to obtain a target avoidance rib.

[0042] In the above-mentioned sheet metal forming method, both sides of the first plate are cut to obtain a second plate including multiple cutting blocks, the multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the second plate are bent to obtain a third plate including a first flange and a second flange, the second flange of the third plate is placed downward on the first workbench, force is applied to the first flange of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature, the curved surface of the fourth plate is shaped to obtain a fifth plate with a target curvature, and the multiple cutting blocks in the fifth plate are cut and welded to obtain a main beam. Based on the main beam obtained by cutting, bending, forming, shaping and welding the plate, the main beam can be formed without the aid of auxiliary devices, thereby ensuring the accuracy and convenience of the main beam forming. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative labor.

[0044] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a sheet metal forming method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 is an exemplary diagram of a first plate in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 is an exemplary diagram of a third plate in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 is an exemplary diagram of a third plate applying force in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 is an exemplary diagram of a first flange in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6 is an exemplary diagram of a fourth plate in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 7 is an exemplary diagram of a fifth plate in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 8 is an example diagram of an arc-shaped sample block welding point in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Fig. 9 is an example diagram of seam welding in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Fig.10 is an example diagram of removing welding stress by cutting a seam in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Fig.11 is an example diagram of removing welding stress by cutting a seam in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Fig.12 is an example diagram of a main beam and a cross beam in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Fig.13 is an exemplary diagram of the formation of a cover plate in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Fig.14 is an example diagram of welding of avoidance ribs in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Fig.15 is an example diagram of a rib avoidance plate in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Fig.16 is an example diagram of a target avoidance rib in one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0061] An embodiment of the present invention provides a sheet metal forming method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the sheet metal forming method includes:

[0062] S1: cutting two sides of a first plate to obtain a second plate, wherein the second plate includes a plate body and a plurality of cutting blocks extending from two sides of the plate body;

[0063] S2: Bending the multiple cut pieces on both sides of the second plate to obtain a third plate, wherein the third plate includes a plate body and two first flanges extending from both sides of the plate body in the same direction; preferably, the third plate also includes a second flange extending outward from one side of each first flange;

[0064] S3: placing the third plate on the first workbench with the first flange facing downward, the first end of the third plate being supported on the ground, the first workbench being supported at a position of the third plate away from the first end, and applying force to the first flange of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature;

[0065] S4: performing shaping processing on the curved surface of the fourth plate to obtain a fifth plate having a target curvature;

[0066] S5: performing seam cutting and welding on a plurality of cut blocks in the fifth plate to obtain a main beam.

[0067] The first plate is a plate that has not been processed or processed. The second plate is a plate obtained by cutting the first plate. The plate body refers to an area of ​​the plate that does not need to be bent.

[0068] As an example, in step S1, first obtain the first material, specifically use laser to cut a plate of a specific shape and size, and determine it as the first plate; then, mark cutting lines and bending lines on both sides of the first plate, and cut the areas to be cut on both sides of the plate body of the first plate to obtain a second plate including a plate body and a plurality of cutting blocks. As an example, cutting both sides of the first plate makes it more convenient and controllable to operate when bending.

[0069] The third plate is a plate obtained by bending the second plate, specifically, the third plate is a plate obtained by bending a plurality of cut pieces of the second plate. The first flange refers to a flange formed by bending a plurality of cut pieces in a direction perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the plane where the second plate is located, and the second flange refers to a flange formed by bending a portion of a plurality of first flanges outward in a direction parallel or nearly parallel to the plane where the second plate is located, and the second flange is a connecting edge for welding with other components.

[0070] As an example, in step S2, the multiple cut pieces of the second sheet are bent for the first time to obtain the first flange formed after the first bending; then, the first flange of the second sheet is bent for the second time to form the second flange, that is, the second sheet is bent twice to obtain a third sheet including a sheet body, a first flange and a second flange, that is, each cut piece of the second sheet will form a first flange and a second flange after being bent twice. It can be understood that switching the two sides of the first sheet to form multiple cut pieces makes the length of each cut piece shorter, so as to facilitate the bending operation and help improve the bending efficiency.

[0071] The fourth plate is a plate obtained by applying force to the third plate. Specifically, the fourth plate is a plate obtained by applying force to the first flange of the third plate to achieve a preset curvature. The first workbench refers to a support table used when applying force to the third plate. The first end refers to the top part area on both sides of the third plate, and the first end can be any one of the top areas on both sides of the third plate.

[0072] As an example, in step S3, the third plate is placed on the first workbench in the direction of the first flange facing downward, that is, the side of the third plate with the second flange facing downward is placed on the first workbench, the first end of the third plate is supported on a plane, and then the first workbench on the same plane is supported away from the first end of the third plate, so that the third plate forms a certain angle with the plane, which is conducive to having a larger suspended space when applying force to the third plate, and facilitates the forming of the third plate. In this example, a force-applying tool is used to apply force to the first flange of the third plate placed on the first workbench to bend it, and a shaping tool is used to repeatedly correct the curvature of the unbent side of the third plate. When the curvature of the unbent side of the third plate reaches a preset curvature, a fourth plate is obtained. Applying force to the first flange can ensure that the unbent side of the third plate does not deform, so that the curvature of the fourth plate obtained by applying force remains smooth.

[0073] The fifth plate is a plate obtained by subjecting the fourth plate to a shaping process. Specifically, the fifth plate is a plate obtained by subjecting the fourth plate to a shaping process to an arc formed by applying force thereto.

[0074] As an example, in step S4, the curved side of the shaping tool is spot-welded to the unbent side of the fourth plate. During the spot welding process, repeated corrections are performed to ensure that the curvature of the fourth plate does not deform. When the shaping tool and the fourth plate are spot-welded, the shaping process of the curved surface of the fourth plate is completed to obtain a fifth plate with a target curvature.

[0075] The main beam is a plate obtained by performing slit welding on a plurality of cut blocks of the fifth plate, specifically, a plate obtained by performing slit welding on a first flange and a second flange formed by a plurality of cut blocks.

[0076] As an example, in step S5, the slits of the multiple cutting blocks of the fifth plate are slit welded, specifically the first flange and the second flange formed by the multiple cutting blocks are slit welded, and the shaping tool fixed by spot welding in the fifth plate is cut off, and the weld and the cut-out of the shaping tool after the slit welding are polished to make them smooth, then the main beam can be obtained. In this example, the shaping tool of the fifth plate is first spot welded and fixed and then cut off, because when the fifth plate is slit welded, the high welding temperature can easily cause the curvature of the unbent surface of the fifth plate to deform. Therefore, in order to ensure that the curvature of the unbent surface of the fifth plate remains in the target state, the shaping tool is first spot welded and fixed on the unbent surface of the fourth plate, and then after the slit welding is completed, the shaping tool on the unbent surface of the fifth plate is removed to ensure that the curvature of the obtained main beam reaches the target state.

[0077] In this embodiment, both sides of the first plate are cut to obtain a second plate including a plate body and multiple cutting blocks, the multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the second plate are bent to obtain a third plate including a first flange and a second flange, the third plate is placed on the first workbench with the first flange facing downward, force is applied to the first flange of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature, the curved surface of the fourth plate is shaped to obtain a fifth plate with a target curvature, and the multiple cutting blocks in the fifth plate are cut and welded to obtain a main beam. The main beam is obtained by cutting, bending, forming, shaping and welding the plate, and the main beam can be formed without the aid of auxiliary devices, thereby ensuring the accuracy and convenience of the main beam forming.

[0078] In one embodiment, step S1, cutting two sides of a first plate to obtain a second plate including a plurality of cut pieces, comprises:

[0079] S11: dividing the first plate into regions to determine a plate body and edge regions arranged on both sides of the plate body in a length direction;

[0080] S12: Cutting the two edge areas into equal parts along the width direction of the plate body to obtain a second plate including a plurality of cut blocks.

[0081] The main body of the plate refers to the area of ​​the plate that does not need to be bent, and the edge area refers to the area of ​​the plate that needs to be bent.

[0082] As an example, in step S11, the first plate is divided into a plate body and edge regions on both sides of the plate body in the length direction. When cutting, the two edge regions of the first plate are cut. The division of the plate body and edge regions of the first plate helps to ensure the accuracy of subsequent operations on the plate.

[0083] As an example, in step S12, the two edge areas are cut into equal parts along the width of the main body of the plate, and multiple second plates with cutting blocks of the same length are obtained after the equal cutting. The equal cutting can ensure the accuracy and convenience of subsequent bending of the plate.

[0084] When obtaining a first long strip of sheet material (such as Figure 2 After that, the edge areas of the main body of the plate and both sides of its length direction can be determined first, and multiple cutting lines along the width can be drawn inside each edge area. The multiple cutting lines are arranged at equal intervals. Then, the edge areas are cut along the multiple switching lines to obtain multiple second plates with cutting blocks of the same length. In this example, the distance between the cutting blocks is 100 mm.

[0085] In this embodiment, the first plate is divided into areas to determine the plate body and edge areas on both sides of the length direction of the plate body; the two edge areas are cut into equal parts along the width direction of the plate body to obtain a second plate containing multiple cutting blocks. By dividing the plate into areas and cutting it into equal parts, it helps to ensure the convenience and accuracy of subsequent bending and spot welding of the plate, and helps the plate to achieve a preset curvature.

[0086] In one embodiment, step S11, that is, after dividing the first plate into regions to determine the plate body and edge regions arranged on both sides of the plate body in the length direction, the sheet metal forming method further includes:

[0087] A first bending line and a second bending line corresponding to the first plate are determined, wherein the first bending line is a boundary line between the edge region and the plate body, and the second bending line is a bending line arranged in the edge region along the length direction of the plate body.

[0088] As an example, after determining the main body and edge area of ​​the sheet, a first bending line is drawn at the junction of the main body of the sheet and each edge area, that is, the first bending line is set at the junction of the main body of the sheet and the edge area; a second bending line is drawn in the edge area along the length direction of the main body of the sheet, that is, the second bending line is set in the edge area and is at a certain distance from both sides of the edge area. In this example, determining the first bending line and the second bending line effectively helps to ensure the convenience and accuracy of subsequent sheet bending.

[0089] When obtaining a first long strip of sheet material (such as Figure 2 (as shown), the main body of the plate and the edge areas on both sides of the length direction can be determined first, a first bending line along the length direction can be drawn between the main body of the plate and the edge area, and a second bending line along the length direction can be drawn inside each edge area for subsequent bending operations; and multiple cutting lines along the width are drawn inside each edge area, and the multiple cutting lines are equidistantly spaced, and then the edge areas are cut along the multiple switching lines to obtain multiple second plates with cutting blocks of the same length.

[0090] In one embodiment, step S2, bending the plurality of cut pieces on both sides of the second plate to obtain a third plate, comprises:

[0091] S21: Based on the two first bending lines, a plurality of cut pieces on both sides of the second plate are bent in the same direction to a first preset angle to obtain a bent plate;

[0092] S22: Based on the two second bending lines, a plurality of cutting blocks on both sides of the bent plate are bent outwardly in the same direction to a second preset angle to obtain a third plate including a first flange and a second flange.

[0093] Among them, the first preset angle is a pre-set bending angle. Specifically, the first preset angle is the angle that the cutting blocks in the edge areas on both sides are to reach when they are bent for the first time. The first preset angle can be determined according to actual conditions. For example, it can be set to between 90°-110°. In one example, it can be set to 105.5°.

[0094] As an example, in step S21, based on two first bending lines formed between the plate body and the two edge areas, all the cut blocks of the edge areas on both sides of the plate body are bent in the same direction along the first bending lines until they are bent to a first preset angle, thereby obtaining a bent plate after the second plate is bent once.

[0095] Among them, the second preset angle is a pre-set bending angle. Specifically, the second preset angle is the angle that the cutting blocks in the edge areas on both sides are to reach when performing the second bending. The second preset angle can be determined according to actual conditions. For example, it can be set to between 90°-110°. In one example, it can be set to 100°.

[0096] As an example, in step S22, based on the second bending line in the edge area, all the cut pieces after the first bending are bent outward in the same direction along the second bending line until they are bent to a second preset angle, thereby obtaining a third sheet material including a first flange and a second flange. The first flange is the portion between the first bending line and the second bending line of each cut piece, and the second flange is the portion of each cut piece bent outward after the second bending.

[0097] After obtaining a plurality of second plates having cut pieces of the same length, all the cut pieces in the edge regions on both sides of the plate body of the second plate can be bent in the same direction along the first bending line until they are bent to 105.5°, thereby obtaining a bent plate after the second plate is bent once; then all the cut pieces of the bent plate are bent outward in the same direction along the second bending line in the edge region until they are bent to 100°, thereby forming a bent plate as shown in FIG. Figure 3 The third sheet material shown; wherein, the portion between the first bending line and the second bending line of each cutting block is the first flange, and after the second bending, the portion of each cutting block bent outward is the second flange, thereby obtaining a third sheet material including the first flange and the second flange.

[0098] In this embodiment, based on the two first bending lines, the multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the second sheet are bent in the same direction to a first preset angle to obtain a bent sheet; based on the two second bending lines, the multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the bent sheet are bent outward in the same direction to a second preset angle to obtain a third sheet including a first flange and a second flange. The edge area of ​​the first sheet is cut into equal parts to form multiple cutting blocks so that the operation is more convenient and labor-saving when the multiple cutting blocks of the second sheet are bent, and if an error occurs during the bending process, the first flange and the second flange formed by each cutting block are also easier to adjust, thereby ensuring that when the second sheet is bent according to different bending lines, the first flange and the second flange reach the same position, which helps to ensure the accuracy of subsequent operations on the sheet.

[0099] In one embodiment, step S3, placing the third plate on the first workbench with the first flange facing downward, the first end of the third plate being supported on the ground, the first workbench being supported at a position of the third plate away from the first end, applying force to the first flange of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature, comprises:

[0100] S31: According to the sequence from the middle position to the two end positions of the first flange, force is alternately applied to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate along a direction perpendicular to the plate body of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature.

[0101] As an example, place the third sheet on the first workbench with the second flange facing downward and the unbent surface of the third sheet facing upward. The first end of the third sheet is supported on the ground, and the first workbench supports the third sheet away from the first end, so that there is a larger suspended space for the third sheet to be formed by applying force.

[0102] As an example, in step S31, a force-applying tool is used to alternately apply force to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate along a direction perpendicular to the plate body of the third plate, that is, a direction perpendicular to the plate body of the unbent surface of the third plate. During the alternating force application process, the force direction and force of the first flanges on both sides are kept consistent; and during the force application process, force is applied in a sequence from the middle position to the two end positions of the first flange, which helps the first flanges on both sides to deform uniformly under uniform force, thereby ensuring that the first flanges and the third plate are uniformly bent to a preset curvature, and finally obtaining a fourth plate with a preset curvature.

[0103] In one embodiment, in step S31, alternately applying force to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature includes:

[0104] S311: alternately applying force to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate to obtain a third plate after force is applied;

[0105] S312: using an arc-shaped sample block to perform arc correction on the third plate after the force is applied, and when the curvature of the plate body of the third plate after the force is applied matches the arc-shaped sample block, a fourth plate with a preset curvature is obtained.

[0106] The third plate after force application refers to the plate obtained after force is applied to the first flange of the third plate. The arc-shaped sample block refers to a sample block cut according to a preset arc for testing the bending arc of the plate.

[0107] As an example, in step S311, a force-applying tool is used to alternately apply force to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate along a direction perpendicular to the plate body of the third plate, that is, a direction perpendicular to the plate body of the unbent surface of the third plate. During the alternating force application process, the force direction and force of the first flanges on both sides are kept consistent; and during the force application process, force is applied in order from the middle position to the two end positions of the first flange to obtain the third plate after force application.

[0108] As an example, in step S312, in the process of applying force to the first flange of the third sheet after force is applied, in order to make the curvature formed by the force reach the preset curvature, it is necessary to use the arc-shaped sample block to correct the curvature of the sheet body of the unbent surface of the third sheet after force is applied multiple times, so that the curvature of the sheet body of the unbent surface of the third sheet after force is consistent with the curvature of the arc-shaped sample block, and ensure that the sheet body of the third sheet after force is applied to the preset curvature. When the curvature of the sheet body of the unbent surface of the third sheet after force is completely in line with the arc-shaped sample block, a fourth sheet with a preset curvature can be obtained. In this example, the arc-shaped sample block is used to correct the unbent surface of the third sheet after force is applied multiple times in order to ensure that the fourth sheet finally obtained has the same curvature as the arc-shaped sample block, and the correction is performed while force is applied, so that it is easier to find the change of the curvature of the unbent surface of the third sheet after force is applied, so that it is easier to adjust the curvature of the third sheet after force is applied, and the curvature of the fourth sheet finally obtained is also more accurate.

[0109] Will Figure 3 The third plate shown is placed on the first workbench with the first flange facing downward. Figure 4 As shown, a force-applying tool is used to apply force to the first flanges (such as Figure 5 In the process of applying force to the first flange, the force is applied in the order of the middle position to the two end positions of the first flange, which helps the first flanges on both sides to deform evenly under the uniform force, and ensures that the first flange and the third plate are evenly bent to the preset curvature. In the process of applying force to the first flange, in order to make the curvature formed by the force reach the preset curvature, the curvature of the plate body of the unbent surface of the third plate after the force is applied is corrected multiple times using an arc-shaped shaping sample, to ensure that the plate body of the third plate after the force is applied is forced to the preset curvature to obtain the fourth plate (as shown in FIG. Figure 6 shown).

[0110] In this embodiment, the second flange of the third plate is placed downward on the first workbench, and the first flanges on both sides of the third plate are alternately forced in the order from the middle position to the two end positions of the first flange in a direction perpendicular to the plate body of the third plate to obtain the third plate after force is applied; the arc-shaped shaping sample block is used to correct the arc of the third plate after force is applied, and when the curvature of the plate body of the third plate after force is matched with the arc-shaped shaping sample block, a fourth plate with a preset curvature is obtained. Uniform force is applied to the first flange and the curvature of the plate body is corrected, which helps the plate to reach the preset curvature without the aid of auxiliary devices.

[0111] In one embodiment, step S4, performing shaping processing on the curved surface of the fourth plate to obtain a fifth plate having a target curvature, includes:

[0112] S41: placing two arc-shaped shaped blocks on the plate body of the fourth plate, the distance between each arc-shaped shaped block and each first bending line is a first preset distance, and each arc-shaped shaped block is provided with at least two preset welding points at intervals;

[0113] S42: Based on the preset welding points, alternately spot welding and correcting the arc-shaped sample block and the unbent surface of the fourth plate are performed in sequence to obtain a fifth plate with a target curvature.

[0114] The first preset distance refers to a preset distance length, specifically, a preset distance length from the positions where the two arc-shaped shaping sample blocks are placed to the first bending lines on both sides in the width direction.

[0115] Among them, the preset welding point refers to a pre-set welding point, specifically, it refers to a point on the arc-shaped shaping block where the pre-set arc-shaped shaping block is welded to the plate body of the unbent surface of the fourth plate.

[0116] As an example, in step S41, on the sheet body of the fourth sheet, one of the arc-shaped shaping blocks is placed at a first preset distance in the width direction of the first bending line, and then, the other arc-shaped shaping block is placed at a first preset distance in the width direction of the first bending line on the other side, and both arc-shaped shaping blocks are placed on the sheet body of the unbending surface of the fourth sheet; at least two preset welding points are set on each arc-shaped shaping block, so that two adjacent preset welding points on the same arc-shaped shaping block are spaced at the same distance, thereby ensuring the welding stability between the arc-shaped shaping block and the sheet body of the unbending surface of the fourth sheet, thereby ensuring that the curvature of the sheet body finally obtained is more accurate and more in line with the curvature of the arc-shaped shaping block.

[0117] The target curvature refers to the curvature formed after the preset curvature is finalized.

[0118] As an example, in step S42, the preset welding points on the arc-shaped sample block are welded to the plate body of the fourth plate, and two preset welding points parallel to the width direction of the plate body are taken as a group, and each group of welding points is alternately spot welded. Since the plate body of the fourth plate is deformed due to the heat at the welding point, the plate body of the fourth plate needs to be corrected for curvature after completing a group of welding, so that the curvature of the plate body of the fourth plate remains unchanged. Then, according to the welding interval of each group of preset welding points, the preset welding points of other groups are alternately spot welded and corrected in turn. After completing the spot welding and correction, a fifth plate with a target curvature can be obtained. In this example, a group of preset welding points is welded once and then corrected once, which can ensure that the curvature of the plate body of the unbent surface of the fourth plate can remain unchanged during the spot welding process even if it is locally heated, and also ensure that the curvature of the plate body remains in the target state when the relevant welding operations are performed later.

[0119] Place two arc-shaped sample blocks (such as Figure 7 As shown), one of the arc-shaped fixed sample blocks is placed at a first preset distance from the first bending line in the width direction, and then the other arc-shaped fixed sample block is placed at a first preset distance from the first bending line in the width direction on the other side, and the two arc-shaped fixed sample blocks are kept parallel; as shown Figure 8 As shown, at least two preset welding points are set on each arc-shaped fixed sample block, so that the adjacent two preset welding points on the same arc-shaped fixed sample block are spaced at the same distance. In this example, each arc-shaped fixed sample block has 6 preset welding points. During the spot welding process, 1 and 2 are spot welded first, and the curvature of the plate body of the fourth plate is corrected after spot welding. Then 3 and 4 are spot welded, and the curvature of the plate body of the fourth plate is corrected after spot welding. This is repeated until 11 and 12 are spot welded, so that the curvature of the arc-shaped fixed sample block is completely matched with the curvature of the plate body, and the fifth plate (as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown), the curvature of the final plate body is ensured to be highly accurate.

[0120] In this embodiment, two arc-shaped shaping blocks are placed on the plate body of the fourth plate, the distance between each arc-shaped shaping block and each first bending line is the first preset distance, and each arc-shaped shaping block is provided with at least two preset welding points at intervals; based on the preset welding points, the arc-shaped shaping blocks and the unbent surface of the fourth plate are alternately spot-welded and corrected in sequence to obtain a fifth plate of target curvature. The plate body of the fourth plate is shaped using the arc-shaped shaping blocks to ensure the accuracy and convenience of the curvature of the plate body.

[0121] In one embodiment, step S5, performing seam welding on a plurality of cut blocks in the fifth plate to obtain a main beam, comprises:

[0122] S51: performing N diagonal cut welding on the plurality of cut blocks in the fifth plate, wherein the welding length of each diagonal cut welding is 1 / N of the total cut length;

[0123] S52: After the seam cutting and welding are completed, the weld is subjected to stress relief, and the arc-shaped shaping sample block in the fifth plate is removed to obtain the main beam.

[0124] Among them, diagonal cut welding refers to welding the cuts according to the direction of the diagonal line. Specifically, it means that for multiple cut blocks in the edge areas on both sides of the fifth plate, two diagonal cuts are welded in a diagonal manner, and other diagonal cuts are welded in sequence.

[0125] As an example, in step S51, the cut seams of multiple cut blocks in the edge areas on both sides of the fifth plate are welded according to the diagonal welding principle. The welding length of each diagonal cut seam welding is 1 / N of the total length of the cut seam. The cut seam welding is completed in N times. The cut seam is welded in multiple times to reduce welding errors and avoid deformation of the plate due to welding heat, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the curvature of the final plate body. In this example, multiple cut seam welding in a diagonal manner can ensure the stability of each cut seam welding, and it is also easier to find changes in the weld and curvature during the welding process, so as to make timely adjustments and corrections.

[0126] As an example, in step S52, the welds of multiple cutting blocks in the edge areas on both sides of the fifth plate are trimmed to make them smooth, and then the multiple welds are placed flat on the first workbench and force is applied to them, and the force is applied N times in a cycle to remove the welding stress of the welds; then the two arc-shaped shaping blocks on the plate body of the fifth plate are removed, and the welding marks of each preset welding point remaining on the plate body of the fifth plate are trimmed to make them smooth, and the two removed arc-shaped shaping blocks are used to continue to correct the curvature of the plate body to ensure that the curvature of the plate body of the main beam remains in the target state unchanged, to ensure the accuracy of the curvature of the plate body, and finally the main beam can be obtained.

[0127] The cut seams of the multiple cut blocks in the edge areas on both sides of the fifth plate are welded according to the diagonal welding principle. In this example, according to Fig. 9 In this example, the welding length of each diagonal cut seam welding is 1 / 3 of the total length of the cut seam, and the cut seam welding is completed in 3 times. The cut seam is welded in multiple times to reduce welding errors and avoid deformation of the plate due to welding heat, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the curvature of the final plate body. After welding is completed, all welds are polished to make them smooth; the second flange is placed flat on the workbench, as shown in FIG. Fig.10 As shown in FIG. 1 , a force-applying tool is used to tap the weld at the second flange to remove welding stress, and then the first flange is aligned with the side of the workbench to fit the two together. Fig.11 As shown, a force-applying tool is used to tap the weld at the first flange to remove welding stress. In this example, since the cut seam is welded three times, it is necessary to apply force to the weld three times in a cycle. After the force is applied, the two arc-shaped fixed sample blocks on the plate body of the fifth plate are removed. After removal, the welding marks on the plate body of the fifth plate are polished to make it smooth, ensuring that the curvature of the plate body remains unchanged at the target state, and finally the main beam (as shown in FIG. Fig.12 shown).

[0128] In this embodiment, N diagonal cut weldings are performed on multiple cutting blocks in the fifth plate, and the welding length of each diagonal cut welding is 1 / N of the total length of the cut. The cuts are welded in multiple times to reduce welding errors and avoid deformation of the plate caused by welding heat, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the curvature of the plate. After the cut welding is completed, the arc-shaped shaping block can be removed from the fifth plate. The removal of the arc-shaped shaping block will not affect the curvature of the plate body, and the curvature of the plate body can maintain the target state unchanged, and finally the main beam is obtained, so that the main beam with the target curvature can be obtained without the aid of auxiliary devices.

[0129] In one embodiment, step S5, after performing seam welding on a plurality of cut pieces in the fifth plate to obtain a main beam, further comprises:

[0130] A target cover plate with a target curvature is placed on the bending surface of the main beam, and the main beam and the target cover plate are welded to obtain a cross beam.

[0131] As an example, a target cover is placed on the curved surface of the main beam so that the target cover and the curved surface of the main beam completely overlap. Then, the target cover and the curved surface of the main beam are spot welded at a certain distance as the welding interval, and the distance between each welding point is the same, thereby obtaining a beam including the main beam and the target cover. In this example, spot welding the target cover and the curved surface of the main beam at the same distance helps to ensure the stability of the welding of the two, thereby ensuring that the final beam has a higher accuracy.

[0132] like Fig.12 As shown, the target cover plate and the bending surface of the main beam are completely overlapped, and the two are spot welded with a certain distance as the welding interval, so as to obtain a crossbeam including the main beam and the target cover plate.

[0133] In one embodiment, before placing a target cover plate on the bending surface of the main beam and welding the main beam and the target cover plate to obtain the cross beam, the sheet metal forming method further includes:

[0134] S61: placing the first cover plate flat on a second workbench, wherein the second workbench includes a workbench body and a V-shaped groove arranged on the workbench body;

[0135] S62: applying force to the first cover plate in a direction perpendicular to the first cover plate in the order from the middle position to the two end positions of the first cover plate to obtain a target cover plate with a target curvature.

[0136] The first cover plate refers to a cover plate cut out according to a preset shape, which is an original cover plate without any treatment or processing. The second cover plate refers to a cover plate obtained by applying force to the first cover plate. The second workbench is a workbench required for forming the cover plate, which includes a workbench body and a V-shaped groove.

[0137] As an example, in step S61, the first cover plate is placed flat on the second workbench, the second workbench includes a workbench body and a V-shaped groove arranged on the workbench body, and the blank part of the V-shaped groove of the second workbench has a large suspended space, which is convenient for the first cover plate to be formed by force.

[0138] As an example, in step S62, a force-applying tool is used to apply force in a direction perpendicular to the first cover plate, from the middle position to the two end positions of the first cover plate, and the two ends need to apply force alternately. This helps the two sides of the first cover plate to deform evenly under uniform force, ensuring that the first cover plate is evenly bent to the target curvature, thereby obtaining a target cover plate with a target curvature.

[0139] In this embodiment, the first cover plate is placed flat on the second workbench, and force is applied to the first cover plate in a direction perpendicular to the first cover plate in the order from the middle position to the two end positions of the first cover plate to obtain a target cover plate with a target curvature. The first cover plate is placed on the second workbench for force forming, so that the cover plate can achieve the effect of achieving the target curvature without the aid of auxiliary devices.

[0140] In one embodiment, applying force to the first cover plate to obtain a target cover plate having a target curvature includes:

[0141] S71: applying force to the first cover plate to obtain a second cover plate;

[0142] S72: Using an arc detection sample block with a target curvature to perform arc correction on the second cover plate, when the curvature of the second cover plate matches the arc detection sample block, a target cover plate with the target curvature is obtained.

[0143] The second cover plate refers to a cover plate obtained by applying force to the first cover plate.

[0144] As an example, in step S71, a force-applying tool is used to apply force in a direction perpendicular to the first cover plate, from the middle position to the two end positions of the first cover plate, and the two ends need to apply force alternately. This helps the two sides of the first cover plate to deform evenly under uniform force, thereby obtaining a second cover plate after force application.

[0145] As an example, in step S72, in the process of applying force to the second cover plate, in order to make the curvature formed by the force reach the target state, it is necessary to use the arc detection sample block to calibrate the curvature of the second cover plate multiple times, so that the curvature of the second cover plate is consistent with the curvature of the arc detection sample block, and ensure that the second cover plate is forced to the target curvature. When the curvature of the second cover plate is completely in line with the arc detection sample block, a target cover plate with a target curvature can be obtained. In this example, the arc detection sample block is used to calibrate the second cover plate multiple times to ensure that the final target cover plate has the same curvature as the arc detection sample block, and the correction is performed while applying force, which makes it easier to find changes in the curvature of the second cover plate, thereby making it easier to adjust the curvature of the second cover plate, and the curvature of the final target cover plate is also more accurate.

[0146] Place the first cover plate flat on the second workbench. Fig.13 As shown, a force-applying tool is used to apply force in a direction perpendicular to the first cover plate, from the middle position of the first cover plate to the two end positions in sequence, and the two ends need to apply force alternately, so as to facilitate uniform deformation of the first cover plate and ensure that the first cover plate is uniformly bent to the target curvature; at the same time, Fig.13 As shown, in order to ensure that the curvature of the second cover plate reaches the target state, the curvature of the second cover plate needs to be corrected multiple times using an arc detection sample block during the force application process to ensure that the final target cover plate has the same curvature as the arc detection sample block and thus obtains the target cover plate.

[0147] In this embodiment, the first cover plate is placed flat on the second workbench, and force is applied to the first cover plate in a direction perpendicular to the first cover plate in the order from the middle position to the two end positions of the first cover plate to obtain the second cover plate; the arc shape of the second cover plate is corrected by using an arc detection sample block, and when the curvature of the second cover plate matches the arc detection sample block, a target cover plate with a target curvature is obtained, force is applied uniformly to the cover plate and the curvature of the cover plate is corrected, so that the cover plate can reach the target curvature without the aid of auxiliary devices.

[0148] In one embodiment, the first plate is provided with an avoidance hole;

[0149] After the curved surface of the fourth plate is shaped to obtain a fifth plate of a target curvature, and before the plurality of cut blocks in the fifth plate are cut and welded to obtain the main beam, the sheet metal forming method further includes:

[0150] The target avoidance rib is placed in the avoidance hole of the fifth plate, and the target avoidance rib and the avoidance hole of the fifth plate are diagonally welded.

[0151] Among them, diagonal welding refers to welding according to the direction of the diagonal line. Specifically, it means that when the avoidance rib and the avoidance hole are welded in a diagonal manner, the two diagonal welding points are welded, and the other diagonal welding points are welded in sequence.

[0152] like Fig.14 As shown, when the avoidance rib and the avoidance hole are welded, the two welding points of the diagonal are welded in a diagonal manner. In this example, the avoidance rib welding is divided into six points, and the welding sequence is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, to ensure the stability of the welding between the avoidance rib and the avoidance hole.

[0153] As an example, the target avoidance rib is placed in the avoidance hole of the fifth plate, so that the target avoidance rib and the avoidance hole overlap. After the two completely overlap, the avoidance rib and the welding points corresponding to the avoidance hole are welded according to the diagonal welding method, so that the avoidance rib is welded in the avoidance hole. In this example, the target avoidance rib is welded in the avoidance hole by diagonal welding, which helps to ensure the stability of welding and facilitates timely adjustment and correction of the welding conditions of each welding point.

[0154] In one embodiment, before placing the target avoidance rib in the avoidance hole of the fifth plate and diagonally welding the target avoidance rib and the avoidance hole of the fifth plate, the sheet metal forming method includes:

[0155] S81: Obtain an avoidance rib plate, the avoidance rib plate comprising an avoidance rib body, a first side plate, a second side plate and a third side plate extending from an edge of the avoidance rib body, the first side plate and the second side plate being arranged on opposite sides of the avoidance rib body, and an angle being formed between the third side plate and the first side plate and the second side plate;

[0156] S82: bending the first side plate, the second side plate and the third side plate in the same direction, so that the edges of the first side plate and the third side plate contact to form a first joint edge, and the edges of the second side plate and the third side plate contact to form a second joint edge;

[0157] S83: Weld the first joint edge and the second joint edge to obtain a target avoidance rib.

[0158] Among them, the avoidance rib plate refers to the avoidance rib cut by laser according to the preset shape and size, which is the original avoidance rib without any treatment and processing.

[0159] Among them, the avoidance rib body refers to the area in the avoidance rib plate that does not need to be operated, and the first side panel refers to the area on one side of the avoidance rib plate that needs to be bent and welded. The second side panel refers to the area on one side of the avoidance rib plate that needs to be bent and welded. The third side panel refers to the area on one side of the avoidance rib plate that needs to be bent and welded. The first side panel, the second side panel and the third side panel are respectively connected to the three sides of the avoidance rib body, the first side panel and the third side panel are located on opposite sides of the avoidance rib body, and there is an angle between the second side panel and the first side panel and the second side panel.

[0160] As an example, in step S81, a laser is used to cut the avoidance rib plate according to a preset shape and size, and the avoidance rib plate is divided into the avoidance rib body and the first side plate, the second side plate and the third side plate extending from the edge of the avoidance rib body. When welding, the two sides of the second side plate are welded to the first side plate and the third side plate respectively. The regional division of the avoidance rib plate helps to ensure the convenience and accuracy of the subsequent bending and welding of different areas of the avoidance rib plate.

[0161] The first joint edge refers to a weld seam where one side of the edge of the first side panel and one side of the edge of the second side panel are in contact after being bent in the same direction. The second joint edge refers to a weld seam where one side of the edge of the third side panel and the other side of the edge of the second side panel are in contact after being bent in the same direction.

[0162] As an example, in step S82, the first side plate, the second side plate and the third side plate are bent in the same direction, wherein the bending angles of the first side plate and the third side plate are consistent. In this example, the bending angles of the first side plate and the third side plate can be 157 0 Or other angles, which are determined by the included angle between the first side plate and the third side plate and the length of the joint edge; then, the second side plate is also bent in the same direction at a certain angle. In this example, the bending angle of the second side plate can be 105 0 Or other angles, determined by the angle between the second side panel and the third side panel and the length of the joint edge; after the three side panels are bent respectively, one side of the edge of the first side panel and one side of the edge of the second side panel contact to form a first joint edge, and one side of the edge of the third side panel and the other side of the edge of the second side panel contact to form a second joint edge. Bending the three side edges extending from the edge of the main body of the avoidance rib helps to ensure the convenience and accuracy of the subsequent formation of the target avoidance rib.

[0163] As an example, in step S83, one side of the edge of the first side panel and one side of the edge of the second side panel are contacted to form a first joint edge, and one side of the edge of the third side panel and the other side of the edge of the second side panel are contacted to form a second joint edge, and are welded. After welding, the two joint edges are polished to keep them smooth. After polishing the two joint edges, the target avoidance ribs can be obtained.

[0164] The obtained avoidance rib plate is divided into an avoidance rib body, a first side plate extending from the edge of the avoidance rib body, a second side plate and a third side plate, such as Fig.15 As shown, the first side plate and the second side plate are arranged on opposite sides of the avoidance rib body, and there is an angle between the third side plate and the first side plate and the second side plate. Then, the first side plate, the second side plate and the third side plate are bent to one side at the same time. In this example, the bending angle of the first side plate and the third side plate is 157 0 , the second side plate is bent in the same direction 105 0 After the three side panels are bent respectively, one side of the edge of the first side panel and one side of the edge of the second side panel are in contact with each other to form a first joint edge, and one side of the edge of the third side panel and the other side of the edge of the second side panel are in contact with each other to form a second joint edge; the two joint edges are welded, and after welding, the two joint edges are polished to keep the two joint edges smooth, and after polishing the two joint edges, the target avoidance ribs (such as Fig.16 shown).

[0165] In this embodiment, a rib avoidance plate is obtained, and the rib avoidance plate includes a rib avoidance body, a first side plate, a second side plate and a third side plate extending from the edge of the rib avoidance body, the first side plate and the second side plate are arranged on opposite sides of the rib avoidance body, and there is an angle between the third side plate and the first side plate and the second side plate; the first side plate, the second side plate and the third side plate are bent in the same direction, so that the edges of the first side plate and the third side plate contact to form a first joint edge, and the edges of the second side plate and the third side plate contact to form a second joint edge; the first joint edge and the second joint edge are welded to obtain the target rib avoidance. The rib avoidance plate is divided into regions to make the operation clearer and simpler when bending and welding the rib avoidance plate, and it also helps to ensure the accuracy of the shape of the target rib avoidance obtained.

[0166] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sheet metal forming method, characterized in that: include: Cutting two sides of the first plate to obtain a second plate, wherein the second plate includes a plate body and a plurality of cutting blocks extending from two sides of the plate body; Bending the multiple cut pieces on both sides of the second plate to obtain a third plate, wherein the third plate includes the plate body and two first flanges extending from both sides of the plate body in the same direction; The third plate is placed on the first workbench with the first flange facing downward, the first end of the third plate is supported on the ground, the first workbench is supported at a position of the third plate away from the first end, and force is applied to the first flange of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature; Performing shaping processing on the curved surface of the fourth plate to obtain a fifth plate having a target curvature; The plurality of cut blocks in the fifth plate are subjected to seam cutting and welding to obtain a main beam.

2. The sheet metal forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of cutting two sides of the first plate to obtain a second plate including a plurality of cut pieces comprises: Dividing the first plate into regions to determine a plate body and edge regions arranged on both sides of the plate body in a length direction; The two edge regions are cut into equal parts along the width direction of the plate body to obtain a second plate comprising a plurality of cut blocks.

3. The sheet metal forming method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The third plate further includes a second flange extending outwardly from one side of each of the first flanges.

4. The sheet metal forming method according to claim 3, characterized in that: After dividing the first plate into regions to determine a plate body and edge regions arranged on both sides of the plate body in a length direction, the sheet metal forming method further includes: A first bending line and a second bending line corresponding to the first plate are determined, wherein the first bending line is a boundary line between the edge region and the plate body, and the second bending line is a bending line arranged in the edge region along the length direction of the plate body.

5. The sheet metal forming method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of bending the plurality of cut pieces on both sides of the second plate to obtain a third plate comprises: Based on the two first bending lines, a plurality of cut pieces on both sides of the second plate are bent in the same direction to a first preset angle to obtain a bent plate; Based on the two second bending lines, the multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the bent plate are bent outwardly in the same direction to a second preset angle to obtain a third plate including a first flange and a second flange.

6. The sheet metal forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises placing the third plate on a first workbench with the first flange facing downward, supporting the first end of the third plate on the ground, supporting the first workbench at a position of the third plate away from the first end, applying force to the first flange of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature, comprising: According to the sequence from the middle position to the two end positions of the first flange, force is alternately applied to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate along a direction perpendicular to the plate body of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature.

7. The sheet metal forming method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of alternately applying force to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature comprises: Alternately applying force to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate to obtain a third plate after force is applied; The arc shape correction is performed on the third plate after the force is applied by using an arc shape sample block, and when the curvature of the plate body of the third plate after the force is applied matches the arc shape sample block, a fourth plate with a preset curvature is obtained.

8. The sheet metal forming method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of shaping the curved surface of the fourth plate to obtain a fifth plate having a target curvature includes: Two arc-shaped shaping blocks are placed on the plate body of the fourth plate, the distance between each arc-shaped shaping block and each first bending line is a first preset distance, and each arc-shaped shaping block is provided with at least two preset welding points at intervals; Based on the preset welding points, the arc-shaped shaping sample block and the unbent surface of the fourth plate are alternately spot welded and corrected in sequence to obtain a fifth plate with a target curvature.

9. The sheet metal forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of performing seam cutting and welding on a plurality of cut blocks in the fifth plate to obtain a main beam comprises: Performing N diagonal cut welding on the plurality of cut blocks in the fifth plate, wherein the welding length of each diagonal cut welding is 1 / N of the total cut length, and N≥2; After the seam welding is completed, the stress of the weld is removed, and the arc-shaped shaping sample block in the fifth plate is removed to obtain the main beam.

10. The sheet metal forming method according to claim 1, wherein: After the plurality of cut blocks in the fifth plate are cut and welded to obtain the main beam, the sheet metal forming method further comprises: A target cover plate with a target curvature is placed on the bending surface of the main beam, and the main beam and the target cover plate are welded to obtain a cross beam.

11. The sheet metal forming method according to claim 10, characterized in that: Placing a target cover plate with a target curvature on the bending surface of the main beam, welding the main beam and the target cover plate to obtain the cross beam, the sheet metal forming method further includes: Placing the first cover plate flatly on a second workbench, wherein the second workbench comprises a workbench body and a V-shaped groove arranged on the workbench body; According to the sequence from the middle position to the two end positions of the first cover plate, force is applied to the first cover plate in a direction perpendicular to the first cover plate to obtain a target cover plate with the target curvature.

12. The sheet metal forming method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The step of applying force to the first cover plate to obtain a target cover plate having the target curvature includes: Applying force to the first cover plate to obtain a second cover plate; The arc shape correction of the second cover plate is performed using an arc shape detection sample block having a target arc shape. When the arc shape of the second cover plate matches the arc shape detection sample block, a target cover plate having the target arc shape is obtained.

13. The sheet metal forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first plate is provided with an avoidance hole; After the curved surface of the fourth plate is subjected to shaping processing to obtain the fifth plate of the target curvature, and before the plurality of cut blocks in the fifth plate are subjected to seam welding to obtain the main beam, the sheet metal forming method further comprises: The target avoidance rib is placed in the avoidance hole of the fifth plate, and the target avoidance rib and the avoidance hole of the fifth plate are diagonally welded.

14. The sheet metal forming method according to claim 13, characterized in that: Before placing the target avoidance rib in the avoidance hole of the fifth plate and diagonally welding the target avoidance rib and the avoidance hole of the fifth plate, the sheet metal forming method includes: Obtain an avoidance rib plate, the avoidance rib plate comprising an avoidance rib body, a first side plate, a second side plate and a third side plate extending from an edge of the avoidance rib body, the first side plate and the second side plate being arranged on opposite sides of the avoidance rib body, and an angle being formed between the third side plate and the first side plate and the second side plate; Bend the first side panel, the second side panel and the third side panel in the same direction, so that the edges of the first side panel and the third side panel contact to form a first joint edge, and the edges of the second side panel and the third side panel contact to form a second joint edge; The first joint edge and the second joint edge are welded to obtain a target avoidance rib.

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