Small mammal excrement resource utilization method

Abstract

The invention discloses a small mammal excrement resource utilization method, and belongs to the technical field of excrement reutilization, and the small mammal excrement resource utilization method comprises the following steps: collecting small mammal breeding base or breeding farm granular animal excrement, sieving to remove surface hair, residual feed and other impurities, and washing to remove residual urine. Then the obtained animal waste is dried at a high temperature to remove moisture and then pyrolyzed to prepare a formed granular biomass charcoal material which is used for the sewage treatment process of dye wastewater, heavy metal wastewater or antibiotic wastewater and the like, harmless treatment of the small mammal waste is realized, and effective measures are provided for resource utilization of the small mammal waste; and the preparation process is simple to operate and low in cost, and the obtained finished material has wide practicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention specifically relates to a method for resource utilization of excrement of small mammals, belonging to the technical field of excrement recycling. Background Art

[0002] Small mammals mainly refer to mammals that are small in size and suitable for family breeding, such as pet rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, etc. As of 2020, the market size of my country's pet industry is close to 300 billion yuan. However, the breeding of small mammals also brings some health problems, the most prominent of which is the treatment of animal feces. If the feces are not handled completely, in addition to emitting unpleasant odors and affecting air quality and the appearance of the city, animal feces contain parasites and a large number of pathogens, which may also be transmitted to humans through air or water sources, causing infectious diseases.

[0003] At present, the harmless treatment technologies for animal manure mainly include energy and fertilizer. Energy mainly refers to processing animal manure and putting it into a reaction tank to produce biogas through microbial fermentation for use as energy. However, due to the complexity of biogas utilization technology and the limited ability of people to master the technology, further exploration and simplification of utilization methods are needed. Fertilizer refers to piling up animal manure or mixing it with other organic waste to produce organic fertilizer through natural decomposition, and using the obtained organic fertilizer for agricultural production. However, if improperly handled animal manure is used as fertilizer, it will cause seedling burns and gas damage, and it is easy to bring pests and diseases into the soil, competing with crops for oxygen, which limits its application to a certain extent.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for a simple and easy method for collecting and processing animal feces and realizing resource utilization of animal feces. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for resource utilization of small mammal feces in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, so as to achieve the purpose of simple preparation process, low cost and wide practicability.

[0006] A method for resource utilization of small mammal feces, which uses animal feces as raw material, is prepared after pretreatment and pyrolysis, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Feces collection: The granular feces produced by small and medium-sized mammals in breeding bases or farms are collected centrally. The feces particles are small and convenient for subsequent processing. During the collection process, attention should be paid to the freshness and integrity of the feces to ensure the hardness and quality of the prepared materials.

[0008] S2. Initial screening of feces: The collected feces are initially screened to remove animal hair and residual feed on the surface of the feces. This is done by vibrating screens or manual screening to ensure the purity of the feces and lay the foundation for subsequent processing.

[0009] S3. Feces washing: The screened feces are subjected to a single water wash or a circulating water wash process to thoroughly remove residual urine and other impurities on the surface of the feces. During the water washing process, the water flow rate needs to be controlled to avoid excessive mechanical damage to the feces particles. Since the feces have a low water content and contain fewer impurities such as hair, food residues and urine, the washing water used in the water washing or circulating water washing process can be reused.

[0010] S4. Feces drying: The cleaned feces are dried at high temperature to remove moisture from the feces, making the feces dry for easy storage and transportation, and preparing for the next step of pyrolysis. During the drying process, it is necessary to control the drying temperature and time to ensure uniform drying of the feces particles.

[0011] S5. Anaerobic pyrolysis: The dried feces are pyrolyzed under anaerobic conditions to decompose the organic matter in the feces and eventually convert it into biomass charcoal material. During the pyrolysis process, the temperature and pressure in the reactor need to be monitored to ensure the safety of the reaction.

[0012] S6. Grinding and screening: After the pyrolysis reaction is completed, the biomass carbon material appears in irregular particles, which can be ground and crushed, and screened according to actual application requirements to obtain biomass carbon powder with suitable particle size.

[0013] S7, Granulation: For specific application scenarios, the obtained biochar powder can be granulated again. The biochar is compressed into granular materials of any particle size through granulation equipment to form the final biochar. This material has high application value. During the granulation process, attention should be paid to the shape, size and density of the particles to meet the needs of different application fields such as sewage treatment.

[0014] Furthermore, in the feces collection step, the small mammal feces refers to one of pet rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas or any mixture thereof.

[0015] Furthermore, in the feces washing step, the moisture content of the washed animal feces is 30%-50%.

[0016] Furthermore, in the feces drying step, the drying conditions are specifically: 2-4 hours at 105°C.

[0017] Furthermore, in the anaerobic pyrolysis step, the specific pyrolysis conditions are: feces is anaerobic pyrolyzed at 300°C-700°C, the pyrolysis background gas is nitrogen, argon or helium, the pyrolysis time is 2-4 hours, and the pyrolysis heating rate is 10-20°C / min.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The present invention prepares biomass carbon material by anaerobic pyrolysis of small mammal feces, which not only solves the problem of animal feces treatment, but also realizes the efficient resource utilization of waste, turning waste into treasure, which is of great significance for "waste treatment with waste".

[0020] 2. The high-performance biomass carbon material prepared by anaerobic pyrolysis in the present invention has a high specific surface area and a rich and uniform pore structure, and can be widely used in treating dye wastewater, heavy metal wastewater and antibiotic wastewater.

[0021] 3. In the preparation process of the present invention, since the selected animal feces has a low moisture content and contains less impurities such as hair, food residues and urine, the washing water in the water washing or circulating water washing process can be reused.

[0022] 4. The treatment process of the present invention is simple, low-cost, low-energy-consuming, short-time-consuming, and easy-to-control conditions. It is suitable for continuous large-scale batch production and is convenient for industrial utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a basic flow chart of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the biomass carbon material prepared by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a BET graph of the biomass carbon material prepared in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the adsorption effect of Rhodamine B when the biomass carbon material prepared by the present invention is applied to sewage treatment.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the adsorption effect of heavy metal Cd(II) by the biomass carbon material prepared by the present invention when applied to sewage treatment.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of tetracycline adsorption effects of the biomass carbon material prepared by the present invention when applied to sewage treatment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] See also Figure 1-Figure 6 shown.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A method for resource utilization of small mammal feces, which uses animal feces as raw material, is prepared after pretreatment and pyrolysis, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0033] S1. Feces collection: The granular feces produced by small and medium-sized mammals in breeding bases or farms are collected centrally. The feces particles are small and convenient for subsequent processing. The feces of small mammals refers to the feces of chinchillas (Chinomiya).

[0034] S2. Initial screening of feces: The collected feces are initially screened to remove animal hair and residual feed on the surface of the feces. This is done by vibrating screens to ensure the purity of the feces and lay the foundation for subsequent processing.

[0035] S3. Feces washing: The screened feces are washed once with water to thoroughly remove residual urine and other impurities on the surface of the feces. During the washing process, the mechanical stirring speed needs to be controlled at 80rpm / min to avoid excessive mechanical damage to the feces particles. Since the feces have a low water content and contain fewer impurities such as hair, food residues and urine, the washing water used in the washing process can be reused.

[0036] S4. Feces drying: The cleaned feces were dried at 105°C for 3 hours to remove moisture from the feces. The moisture content of the sample was measured to be 35.9%. The dried feces were easy to store and transport, and were ready for the next step of pyrolysis treatment.

[0037] S5. Anaerobic pyrolysis: The dried feces are pyrolyzed under anaerobic conditions to decompose the organic matter in the feces and finally converted into biomass charcoal materials. The specific pyrolysis conditions are: anaerobic pyrolysis of feces at 500°C, nitrogen as the pyrolysis background gas, pyrolysis time of 3 hours, and pyrolysis heating rate of 20°C / min.

[0038] S6. Grinding and sieving: After the pyrolysis reaction is completed, the sample is ground and crushed, and passed through a 100-mesh plastic nylon sieve.

[0039] S7. Granulation: The biochar is compressed into granular samples with a diameter of 1 cm by granulation equipment for later use.

[0040] like Figure 2 The figure shows the SEM image of the biomass carbon material prepared in Example 1. It can be seen from the figure that the biomass carbon material prepared in the present invention has a rich and uniform pore structure and has good adsorption potential.

[0041] The sample prepared in Example 1 was subjected to a dye (Rhodamine B) adsorption experiment (eg Figure 4 ):

[0042] Take 100 mL of the prepared 100 mg / L Rhodamine B solution in a 250 mL conical flask, add 0.2 g of the prepared biomass carbon material powder sample, adjust the initial pH to 6, and react at 150 rpm for 40 minutes. After the experiment, it was calculated that the decolorization rate of the powdered biomass carbon material was 98.32%, and the adsorption amount was 49.16 mg / g.

[0043] Take 100mL of the prepared 100mg / L Rhodamine B solution in a 250mL conical flask, add 3g of the prepared granular sample of biomass carbon material, adjust the initial pH to 6, and react at 150rpm for 40min. After the experiment, it is calculated that the decolorization rate of the granular biomass carbon material is 96.74%, and the adsorption amount is 3.22mg / g.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] A method for resource utilization of small mammal feces, which uses animal feces as raw material, is prepared after pretreatment and pyrolysis, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1. Feces collection: The granular feces produced by small and medium-sized mammals in breeding bases or farms are collected centrally. The feces particles are small and convenient for subsequent processing. The feces of small mammals refers to the feces of guinea pigs (Caviidae).

[0047] S2. Initial screening of feces: The collected feces are initially screened to remove animal hair and residual feed on the surface of the feces. This is done by manual screening to ensure the purity of the feces and lay the foundation for subsequent processing.

[0048] S3. Feces washing: The screened feces are washed with circulating water (multiple cycles of water) to thoroughly remove residual urine and other impurities on the surface of the feces. During the washing process, the mechanical stirring speed needs to be controlled at 50rpm / min to avoid excessive mechanical damage to the feces particles. Since the feces have a low water content and contain less impurities such as hair, food residues and urine, the washing water used in the circulating water washing process can be reused.

[0049] S4. Feces drying: The cleaned feces are dried at high temperature to remove moisture from the feces. The moisture content of the cleaned animal feces is 40.6%. The feces becomes dry, which is convenient for storage and transportation, and is ready for the next step of pyrolysis treatment. The specific drying conditions are: 4 hours at 105°C.

[0050] S5. Anaerobic pyrolysis: The dried feces are pyrolyzed under anaerobic conditions to decompose the organic matter in the feces and finally converted into biomass charcoal materials. The specific pyrolysis conditions are: the feces are anaerobic pyrolyzed at 600°C, the pyrolysis background gas is argon, the pyrolysis time is 4 hours, and the pyrolysis heating rate is 15°C / min.

[0051] S6. Grinding and sieving: After the pyrolysis reaction is completed, the sample is ground and crushed, and passed through a 100-mesh plastic nylon sieve.

[0052] S7. Granulation: The biochar is compressed into a rod-shaped sample with a diameter of 2 cm by a granulation device for standby use.

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, it is the BET adsorption-desorption curve of the biomass carbon material prepared in Example 2. From the fitting data, it can be seen that the specific surface area of ​​the prepared biomass carbon material is 18.3255m 2 / g, micropore area is 26.4470m 2 / g, mesopore area is 18.9002m 2 / g, micropore volume is 0.001175cm 3 / g. The pore size is between 2-50nm, with a mesoporous structure, large specific surface area and well-developed pores.

[0054] According to the experimental method of Example 2, a heavy metal Cd(II) (Cd(NO3)2·4H2O) adsorption experiment was carried out (such as Figure 5 ):

[0055] Take 100mL of the prepared 100mg / L (Cd(NO3)2·4H2O) solution in a 250mL conical flask, add 0.2g of the prepared biomass carbon material powder sample, adjust the initial pH to 4, and react at 150rpm for 8h. After the experiment, it was calculated that the decolorization rate of the powdered biomass carbon material was 99.50%, and the adsorption amount was 49.75mg / g.

[0056] Take 100mL of the prepared 100mg / L (Cd(NO3)2·4H2O) solution in a 250mL conical flask, add 3g of the prepared biomass carbon material rod sample, adjust the initial pH to 4, and react at 150rpm for 8h. After the experiment, it was calculated that the decolorization rate of the rod-shaped biomass carbon material was 98.41%, and the adsorption amount was 3.28mg / g.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A method for resource utilization of small mammal feces, which uses animal feces as raw material, is prepared after pretreatment and pyrolysis, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0059] S1. Feces collection: The granular feces produced by small and medium-sized mammals in breeding bases or farms are collected centrally. The feces particles are small and convenient for subsequent processing. The feces of small mammals refers to the feces of pet rabbits (Legionidae), guinea pigs (Caviidae) and chinchillas (Chinomiya) mixed in a 1:1:1 ratio.

[0060] S2. Initial screening of feces: The collected feces are initially screened to remove animal hair and residual feed on the surface of the feces. This is done by vibrating screens to ensure the purity of the feces and lay the foundation for subsequent processing.

[0061] S3. Feces washing: The screened feces are washed with circulating water (multiple cycles of water) to thoroughly remove residual urine and other impurities on the surface of the feces. During the washing process, the mechanical stirring speed needs to be controlled at 80rpm / min to avoid excessive mechanical damage to the feces particles. Since the feces have a low water content and contain less impurities such as hair, food residues and urine, the washing water used in the circulating water washing process can be reused.

[0062] S4. Feces drying: The cleaned feces are dried at high temperature to remove moisture from the feces, making the feces dry for easy storage and transportation, and preparing for the next step of pyrolysis treatment. The specific drying conditions are: 3 hours at 105°C.

[0063] S5. Anaerobic pyrolysis: The dried feces are pyrolyzed under anaerobic conditions to decompose the organic matter in the feces and finally converted into biomass charcoal materials. The specific pyrolysis conditions are: the feces are anaerobic pyrolyzed at 700°C, the pyrolysis background gas is helium, the pyrolysis time is 4 hours, and the pyrolysis heating rate is 20°C / min.

[0064] S6. Grinding and sieving: After the pyrolysis reaction is completed, the sample is ground and crushed, and passed through a 100-mesh plastic nylon sieve.

[0065] S7. Granulation: The biochar is compressed into a rod-shaped sample with a diameter of 1 cm by a granulation device for later use.

[0066] According to the experimental method of Example 3, an antibiotic (tetracycline) wastewater adsorption experiment was carried out (such as Figure 6 ):

[0067] Take 100 mL of the prepared 50 mg / L tetracycline solution in a 250 mL conical flask, add 0.1 g of the prepared biomass carbon material powder sample, adjust the initial pH to 2, and react at 150 rpm for 3 hours. After the experiment, it was calculated that the decolorization rate of the powdered biomass carbon material was 96.25%, and the adsorption amount was 48.13 mg / g.

[0068] Take 100 mL of the prepared 50 mg / L tetracycline solution in a 250 mL conical flask, add 2 g of the prepared biomass carbon material rod sample, adjust the initial pH to 2, and react at 150 rpm for 3 hours. After the experiment, it was calculated that the decolorization rate of the granular biomass carbon material was 93.66%, and the adsorption amount was 2.34 mg / g.

[0069] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0070] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for resource utilization of small mammal feces, characterized in that: The method is prepared by taking animal feces as raw material, and then pre-treating and pyrolyzing the feces, and specifically comprising the following steps: S1. Feces collection: Collect the granular feces produced by small and medium-sized mammals in breeding bases or farms; S2. Preliminary screening of feces: The collected feces are preliminarily screened by vibrating screen or manual screening to remove animal hair and residual feed on the surface of the feces; S3. Feces washing: The screened feces are washed with water once or in a circulating manner to completely remove residual urine and other impurities on the surface of the feces; S4. Feces drying: The cleaned feces are dried at high temperature to remove moisture from the feces and make the feces dry; S5. Anaerobic pyrolysis: The dried feces are pyrolyzed under anaerobic conditions to decompose the organic matter in the feces and eventually convert it into biomass charcoal material; S6. Grinding and screening: After the pyrolysis reaction is completed, the biomass carbon material is in an irregular granular form, which is ground and crushed, and screened according to actual application requirements to obtain biomass carbon powder with a suitable particle size; S7. Granulation and molding: For specific application scenarios, when large-size biochar is needed for sewage treatment, the above powder can be re-granulated and molded into any desired particle size.

2. The method for resource utilization of small mammal feces according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the feces collection step, the small mammal feces refers to a mixture of one or more of pet rabbits, guinea pigs, and chinchillas.

3. The method for resource utilization of small mammal feces according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the feces washing step, the moisture content of the washed animal feces is 30%%-50%%.

4. The method for resource utilization of small mammal feces according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the feces drying step, the drying conditions are specifically: 2-4 hours at 105°C.

5. The method for resource utilization of small mammal feces according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the anaerobic pyrolysis step, the specific pyrolysis conditions are: feces is anaerobic pyrolyzed at 300°C-700°C, the pyrolysis background gas is nitrogen, argon or helium, the pyrolysis time is 2-4 hours, and the pyrolysis heating rate is 10-20°C / min.

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