Mining method with ore body panel and panel inter-column cooperation

Abstract

The invention provides an ore body panel and panel inter-column cooperative mining method, and relates to the technical field of underground mining, and the method comprises the steps of dividing an ore body into panels along the trend direction, reserving panel inter-columns between the panels, firstly mining the panels, then mining the panel inter-columns, and dividing the two adjacent panels into an odd number of chambers arranged along the trend direction, the chambers are divided into first-step chambers and second-step chambers, and after the first-step chambers are mined, the goaf is filled with a high-strength filling body, and the second-step chambers are stoped and filled. And when filling is carried out after stoping of the chambers adjacent to the panel inter-columns is finished, the ore removal combined roadways between the chambers and the panels are reserved, and the chambers are reserved in advance for subsequent mining of the panel inter-columns. The length of the panel along the strike of the ore body is 120 m, and the widths of the stopes in the first step and the second step are both 15 m. According to the method, a stoping project is reserved in advance, and the stoping preparation cutting project amount is relatively small, so that the stope preparation time is short, and rapid production can be realized; and meanwhile, the panel stope and the panel pillar stoping project are mutually utilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and in particular relates to a mining method in which an ore body panel and inter-panel pillars cooperate with each other. Background Art

[0002] Under the background of increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements, with the continuous innovation of filling technology and the gradual reduction of filling costs, the application of filling method recovery in the field of mining, especially in iron ore mining, has become more and more extensive. However, the ore body of iron ore mines often has the significant characteristics of being thick and large. Whether the mine is arranged along the vein or in a vertical direction, it is difficult to avoid the thorny problem of the mine length being too long, which greatly reduces the safety factor of mining operations and faces many challenges in safe recovery. In order to effectively solve this dilemma, at this stage, most iron mines generally divide the ore deposits into multiple independent panels during the mining process, and reserve a certain width of columns between the panels, and further divide the mine rooms in the panel area. At the same time, the mine communication tunnels are reasonably arranged inside the inter-panel columns to ensure efficient communication and coordinated operation of each operating area. Through this planning, the length of the stope can be controlled within a reasonable range of 40-70 meters, the width of the inter-column column is usually set between 12-25 meters, and the proportion of ore contained in the inter-column column to the total ore volume of the mine is roughly 21%-24%. However, the new problem derived from this is how to achieve efficient recovery of the inter-column ore volume while ensuring safety, which has become a key technical barrier and industry pain point that needs to be overcome in the field of iron ore mining.

[0003] At present, the research on the recovery of inter-column pillars is mainly focused on the optimization of mining method selection, especially the segmented open-pit method and the layered filling method. In the process of applying the segmented open-pit method to recover inter-column pillars, in order to ensure the stability of the filling bodies on both sides, thicker retaining wall pillars must be retained, which leads to a decrease in the recovery rate of inter-column pillars. At the same time, the bottom ore-exit structure needs to be set in the adjacent filling body, which makes the tunnel excavation and support work more complicated. In addition, since the mining site is open, the retaining wall pillars on both sides are subject to greater lateral pressure and are prone to collapse, which brings certain safety hazards. When the layered filling method is used for recovery, the recovery depth is about 2.5-3.0 meters each time, resulting in low recovery efficiency, extended recovery cycle and increased cost. Since the working environment is an open place, safety issues are difficult to be guaranteed, and point pillars are usually required to improve safety, but the setting of point pillars will also reduce the recovery rate.

[0004] At present, no matter which method is adopted, the column recovery rate is low. Therefore, it is considered to optimize the coordination of the arrangement of columns between disk areas and disk areas. The present invention provides a method for arranging columns between disk areas with efficient coordination, aiming to improve the recovery rate of columns between disk areas and reduce the difficulty of engineering arrangement between disk areas.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an improved technical solution to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a mining method for the coordination of ore body panels and inter-panel pillars, so as to solve the problems of low recovery rate of inter-panel pillars and great difficulty in engineering layout between panels.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A mining method for ore body panels and inter-panel pillars, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) The ore body is divided into panels along the strike direction, and panel-interval columns are set between the panels. The panel is mined first, and then the panel-interval columns are mined. Two adjacent panels are divided into an odd number of mine rooms along the strike direction. The mine rooms are divided into a first-step mine room and a second-step mine room. After the first-step mine room is mined, the goaf is filled with high-strength filling material, and then the second-step mine room is mined and filled;

[0010] (2) When recovering the inter-section columns, the mining joint tunnel reserved in advance at the bottom of the middle section is used, with one end connected to the stope and the other end connected to the middle section vein; each middle section is drilled in sections, and the ore is removed from the bottom. The mining access is arranged at 45 degrees on one side of the step of the mining joint tunnel, and a trench is arranged perpendicular to the direction of the ore body on the mining access, and a mine cutting shaft is arranged at the end of the trench; by arranging the cutting shaft, cutting lanes are arranged on both sides to form an operating space for large-diameter upward deep hole drilling and charging blasting in the stope;

[0011] The mining area is divided into sections by arranging drilling tunnels, one section is connected to the section along the vein, and the other section is connected to the mining area. A 45° mining access is arranged on one side of the drilling tunnel to connect to the cutting ditch. A cutting shaft is arranged at the end of the cutting ditch. Cutting level tunnels are arranged on both sides using the cutting shaft to form a free surface, and upward holes are arranged to collapse the ore body. Each section is simultaneously mined in a backward manner, and the ore in the inter-panel column is mined out through the mining access - mining access tunnel - middle section along the vein - mining area chute.

[0012] Preferably, the method further includes step (3), wherein the segmented transport vein is connected with the outer ramp of the vein through a connecting road or is connected with the middle segment of the vein through a connecting road and a mining field chute; and the segmented vein connected with the rock drilling tunnel is determined comprehensively based on the inclination of the ore body and the span of the mining field.

[0013] Preferably, the length of the segmented rock drilling tunnel is as short as possible, provided that the rock drilling tunnel is arranged uphill and the slope is less than or equal to the maximum climbing capacity of the rock drilling equipment and the mining equipment.

[0014] Preferably, in step (3), the segmented veins connecting the rock drilling tunnels are determined comprehensively based on the inclination of the ore body and the span of the stope.

[0015] Preferably, when the mine rooms adjacent to the inter-panel pillars are filled after mining is completed, the mining access tunnel between the mine rooms and the panel area is retained and reserved in advance for the subsequent mining of the inter-panel pillars.

[0016] Preferably, when the ore rooms adjacent to the inter-panel pillars are filled after the mining is completed, the ore-exit tunnel between the ore rooms and the pan area is reserved in advance for the subsequent mining of the inter-panel pillars. The pan area is 120m long along the ore body, and the width of the first-step and second-step stopes is 15m.

[0017] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the segmented transport tunnel, the mine access road, the segmented rock drilling tunnel, and the cutting level tunnel is a three-center arch, and the cross-sectional specifications are determined according to the collective structure of the mining site.

[0018] Preferably, during the construction of the rock drilling chamber, strip pillars can be left according to the construction conditions to control the exposed area of ​​the roof rock mass, and the roof of the rock drilling chamber can be supported by a combined support method of anchor rods, hanging steel mesh and shotcrete.

[0019] Preferably, in step (2), the mine access road is arranged at 45° on one side of the mine access tunnel.

[0020] Preferably, in step (2), the rock drilling tunnel is arranged to one side with a 45° mine exit route connected to the trench.

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) Layout planning in advance, arrange the ore rooms between the inter-panel columns in an odd number, and the inter-pillars and the ore rooms share a mine exit tunnel. After the ore room is filled as the first step of mining, the inter-panel columns are used as the second step of mining units. After the mining of the entire panel area is completed, the inter-panel columns are used to recover the second step of the inter-pillars using the pre-reserved mine exit route. Compared with other mining methods, the present invention reserves the mining project in advance, and the amount of mining and cutting engineering is relatively small, so the preparation time of the mining site is short and can be put into production quickly. At the same time, the panel area mining site and the panel area ore pillar mining project are mutually utilized and coordinated, with high project utilization rate. The layout is arranged in advance, which is convenient for production planning and capacity maintenance.

[0023] (2) First, through pre-planned layout planning, the mine rooms between the inter-panel pillars are designed to be arranged in odd numbers, and the mine rooms adjacent to the pillars share the mining tunnel; after the first step of mining is completed in the mine room, the filling operation is immediately carried out, and the inter-panel pillars are used as the second step of mining units; after the entire pan area is mined, the pre-planned mining route is used to perform the second step of pillar recovery; compared with other mining technologies, the present invention pre-plans the mining project, significantly reduces the amount of mining and cutting engineering, thereby shortening the stope preparation time and achieving rapid production;

[0024] (3) In addition, the mutual use and coordinated operation of the pan-area mining site and the pan-area pillar mining project have improved the project utilization rate, and through early layout, it is convenient for production planning and stable maintenance of production capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. Among them:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall arrangement of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a front view of the overall arrangement of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is a side view of the overall arrangement of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a top view of the overall arrangement of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. Middle section transport along the vein; 2. Mining chute; 3. Middle section through the vein; 4. Mining chute; 5. Middle section along the vein; 6. Mine exit tunnel; 7. Sectional vein; 8. Rock drilling tunnel; 9. Mine exit approach; 10. Cutting shaft; 11. Trench; 12. Return air tunnel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., and orientations or positional relationships indicated are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, "several" means one or more, "more" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" etc. are understood as not including the number itself, and "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood as including the number itself. If there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0034] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a movable connection, a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or mutual communication; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be internal connection between two elements, indirect connection, or an interactive relationship between two elements.

[0036] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0037] The present invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art of low recovery rate of inter-panel columns and great difficulty in engineering layout between the panels.

[0038] The present invention discloses a mining method in which an ore body panel and an inter-panel column cooperate with each other. Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0039] (1) The ore body is divided into panels along the strike direction, and panel-interval columns are set between the panels. The panel is mined first, and then the panel-interval columns are mined. Two adjacent panels are divided into an odd number of mine rooms along the strike direction. The mine rooms are divided into a first-step mine room and a second-step mine room. After the first-step mine room is mined, the goaf is filled with high-strength filling material, and then the second-step mine room is mined and filled;

[0040] (2) When recovering the inter-section columns, the mining joint tunnel reserved in advance at the bottom of the middle section is used, with one end connected to the stope and the other end connected to the middle section vein; each middle section is drilled in sections, and the ore is removed from the bottom. The mining access is arranged at 45 degrees on one side of the step of the mining joint tunnel, and a trench is arranged perpendicular to the direction of the ore body on the mining access, and a mine cutting shaft is arranged at the end of the trench; by arranging the cutting shaft, cutting lanes are arranged on both sides to form an operating space for large-diameter upward deep hole drilling and charging blasting in the stope;

[0041] The mining area is divided into sections by arranging drilling tunnels, one section is connected to the section along the vein, and the other section is connected to the mining area. A 45° mining access is arranged on one side of the drilling tunnel to connect to the cutting ditch. A cutting shaft is arranged at the end of the cutting ditch. Cutting level tunnels are arranged on both sides using the cutting shaft to form a free surface, and upward holes are arranged to collapse the ore body. Each section is simultaneously mined in a backward manner, and the ore in the inter-panel column is mined out through the mining access - mining access tunnel - middle section along the vein - mining area chute.

[0042] The method also includes step (3), wherein the segmented transport along the vein is connected to the outer ramp of the vein through a connecting road or is connected to the middle segment along the vein through a connecting road and a mining field chute; the segmented along the vein connected to the rock drilling tunnel is determined comprehensively based on the inclination of the ore body and the span of the mining field.

[0043] In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the segmented rock drilling tunnel is as short as possible, under the premise of ensuring that the rock drilling tunnel is arranged uphill and the slope is less than or equal to the maximum climbing capacity of the rock drilling equipment and the mining equipment, so as to ensure the working efficiency of the rock drilling equipment and the mining equipment;

[0044] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the ore rooms adjacent to the inter-panel pillars are filled after the mining is completed, the ore-exit tunnel between the ore room and the panel area is reserved in advance for the subsequent mining of the inter-panel pillars. The panel area is 120m long along the ore body strike, and the width of the first-step and second-step stopes is 15m.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional shapes of the segmented transport tunnel, the mine access road, the segmented rock drilling tunnel, and the cutting level tunnel are three-center arches, and the cross-sectional specifications are determined according to the collective structure of the stope.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, strip pillars can be left during the construction of the rock drilling chamber according to the construction conditions to control the exposed area of ​​the roof rock mass, and the roof of the rock drilling chamber can be supported by a combined support method of anchor rods, hanging steel mesh, and shotcrete.

[0047] The following is a detailed description of a mining method of the present invention involving the coordination of ore body panels and inter-panel columns through specific embodiments.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] This embodiment provides a mining method that cooperates between ore body panels and inter-panel columns, such as Figures 1 to 4As shown, the ore body of a certain mine is a thick ore body with an average thickness of 30m. The ore body is deposited at an elevation of 400-600m. The stability of the ore body and the surrounding rock are both stable-extremely stable. The mine adopts a mining method for the coordination of thick ore body panels and inter-panel columns provided by the present invention, which comprises the following steps:

[0050] (1) The ore body is divided into panels along the strike direction, and panel-to-panel columns are set between the panels. The panel is mined first, and then the panel-to-panel columns are mined. Two adjacent panels are divided into an odd number of mine rooms along the strike direction. The mine rooms are divided into a first-step mine room and a second-step mine room. After the first-step mine room is mined, the goaf is filled with high-strength filling material, and then the second-step mine room is mined and filled. In particular, when the mine rooms adjacent to the panel-to-panel columns are filled after the mining is completed, the ore-exit tunnel 6 between the mine room and the panel is retained and reserved in advance for the subsequent mining of the panel-to-panel columns. The panel is 120m long along the strike direction of the ore body, and the width of the first-step and second-step mining areas is 15m.

[0051] (2) When recovering the inter-section columns, the mining joint tunnel 6 reserved in advance at the bottom of the middle section is used, with one end connected to the mining area and the other end connected to the middle section along the vein 5. Each middle section is drilled in sections, and the mining is discharged from the bottom. A mining access 9 is arranged at 45° on one side of the mining joint tunnel 6, and a trench 11 is arranged perpendicular to the direction of the ore body on the mining access 9. A mining cutting shaft 10 is arranged at the end of the trench 11. By arranging the cutting shaft 10, cutting lanes are arranged on both sides to form an operating space for large-diameter upward deep hole drilling and charging blasting in the mining area. The mining area is divided into sections by arranging rock drilling tunnels 8, one section is connected to the segmented along the vein 7, and the other section is connected to the mining area. The rock drilling tunnel 8 is arranged on one side with a 45° mining access 9 connected to the trench 11, and a cutting shaft 10 is arranged at the end of the trench 11. Cutting lanes are arranged on both sides by using the cutting shaft 10 to form a free surface, and upward holes are arranged to collapse the ore body. Each section is simultaneously mined in a backward manner, and the ore in the inter-panel column is mined through the mining access road 9-mining connecting tunnel-middle section along the vein 5-mining field chute 42.

[0052] (3) Furthermore, the segmented transport vein is connected with the outer slope of the vein through a connecting road or is connected with the middle segment of the vein 5 through a connecting road and a mining field chute 42; the segmented vein 7 connected with the rock drilling tunnel 8 is determined comprehensively based on the inclination of the ore body and the span of the mining field, and the length of the segmented rock drilling tunnel 8 is as short as possible while ensuring that the rock drilling tunnel 8 is arranged uphill and the slope is less than or equal to the maximum climbing capacity of the rock drilling equipment and the mining equipment.

[0053] In summary: the present invention arranges the mine rooms between the inter-panel columns into an odd number through advance layout planning. The inter-pillars and the mine rooms share a mine exit tunnel 6. The mine rooms are filled after the first-step mining is completed. The inter-panel columns serve as the second-step mining unit. After the mining of the entire panel is completed, the inter-panel columns are used as the second-step mining unit. After the mining of the entire panel is completed, the two-step inter-pillar recovery is carried out using the pre-reserved mine exit route 9. Compared with other mining methods, the present invention reserves the mining project in advance, and the amount of mining and cutting engineering is relatively small, so the preparation time of the mining site is short and can be put into production quickly; at the same time, the panel mining site and the panel ore pillar mining project use each other, are considered in a coordinated manner, and have a high project utilization rate. The layout is in advance, which is convenient for production planning and capacity maintenance.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mining method in which ore body panels and inter-panel pillars are coordinated, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) The ore body is divided into panels along the strike direction, and panel-interval columns are set between the panels. The panel is mined first, and then the panel-interval columns are mined. Two adjacent panels are divided into an odd number of mine rooms along the strike direction. The mine rooms are divided into a first-step mine room and a second-step mine room. After the first-step mine room is mined, the goaf is filled with high-strength filling material, and then the second-step mine room is mined and filled; (2) When recovering the inter-section columns, the ore-exit tunnel reserved in advance at the bottom of the middle section is used, with one end connected to the stope and the other end connected to the middle section vein; each middle section is drilled in sections, and the ore is removed from the bottom. The ore-exit road is arranged at a certain angle on one side of the step of the ore-exit tunnel, and a trench is arranged perpendicular to the direction of the ore body on the ore-exit road, and a mine cutting shaft is arranged at the end of the trench; By arranging cutting shafts and cutting lanes on both sides, a working space for large-diameter upward deep hole drilling and explosive blasting is formed in the stope; The mining area is divided into sections by arranging drilling tunnels, one section is connected to the section along the vein, and the other section is connected to the mining area. The drilling tunnel is arranged to one side to connect the mining access at a certain angle to the cutting ditch, and a cutting shaft is arranged at the end of the cutting ditch. Cutting level tunnels are arranged on both sides using the cutting shaft to form a free surface, and upward holes are arranged to collapse the ore body. Each section is simultaneously mined in a backward manner, and the ore in the inter-panel column is mined out through the mining access road-the mining connecting tunnel-the middle section along the vein-the mining area chute.

2. A mining method for coordinated mining of ore body panels and inter-panel pillars according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes step (3), wherein the segmented transport along the vein is connected with the outer ramp of the vein through a connecting road or is connected with the middle section along the vein through a connecting road and a mining field chute.

3. A mining method for coordinated mining of ore body panels and inter-panel pillars according to claim 2, characterized in that: The length of the segmented rock drilling tunnel should be as short as possible, while ensuring that the rock drilling tunnel is arranged uphill and the slope is less than or equal to the maximum climbing capacity of the rock drilling equipment and mining equipment.

4. A mining method for coordinated mining of ore body panels and inter-panel pillars according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step (3), the segmented veins connecting the rock drilling tunnels are determined comprehensively based on the inclination of the ore body and the span of the stope.

5. The mining method of the ore body panel and inter-panel pillar cooperation according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the mine rooms adjacent to the inter-panel pillars are filled after mining is completed, the mining connection tunnel between the mine room and the panel area is retained and reserved in advance for the subsequent mining of the inter-panel pillars.

6. A mining method for coordinated mining of ore body panels and inter-panel pillars according to claim 5, characterized in that: The panel area is 120m long along the strike of the ore body, and the width of the one-step and two-step mining areas is 15m.

7. A mining method for coordinated mining of ore body panels and inter-panel pillars according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shapes of the segmented transport tunnels, mine access roads, segmented rock drilling tunnels, and cutting level tunnels are three-center arches, and the cross-sectional specifications are determined according to the collective structure of the mining area.

8. A mining method for ore body panels and inter-panel pillars in coordination according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: During the construction of the rock drilling chamber, strip pillars can be left according to the construction conditions to control the exposed area of ​​the roof rock mass, and the roof of the rock drilling chamber can be supported by a combined support method of anchor rods, hanging steel mesh and shotcrete.

9. A mining method for coordinated mining of ore body panels and inter-panel pillars according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: In step (2), the mine access road is arranged at 45 degrees on one side of the mine access tunnel.

10. A mining method for ore body panels and inter-panel pillars in coordination according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: In step (2), the rock drilling tunnel is arranged to one side with a 45° mine exit route connected to the trench.

Images