Passive lubricating structure of electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly passive lubricating structure and a vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of automobiles, the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly passive lubricating structure comprises a gearbox shell, a gearbox front cover, a first gear set, a second gear set, a differential mechanism set, a plurality of oil grooves and a plurality of oil guide grooves; the gearbox shell and the gearbox front cover are connected through bolts to form a sealed cavity for containing all the gear sets and the differential mechanism set. A plurality of oil grooves and oil guide grooves are formed in the gearbox shell and used for guiding and distributing lubricating oil; an oil guide plate and an oil drainage groove are arranged on the gearbox front cover, so that the flowing path of lubricating oil is further optimized; power transmission is achieved between the first gear set and the second gear set through gear meshing, corresponding oil grooves and oil guide grooves are formed in the bearing positions of the gear sets and the differential mechanism set, and sufficient lubrication is guaranteed. The lubricating structure is simple and efficient in design, all key components can be fully lubricated under different working conditions, and therefore the operation stability of the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly is improved, and the service life of the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of automobiles, and more specifically, to a passive lubrication structure of an electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox, as an important component of electric vehicles, has a direct impact on the driving quality and energy consumption of the vehicle. Traditional mechanical transmission systems can no longer meet the needs of electric vehicles for high speed, high efficiency, compactness and lightweight design. Therefore, the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly has become a hot spot for research and development. However, in actual application, the lubrication of gears and bearings has always been an important factor affecting the reliability and life of the reduction gearbox. Sufficient and effective lubrication can not only reduce the wear of components, but also improve the transmission efficiency, so that electric vehicles can operate stably and reliably under various working conditions.

[0003] At present, roller bearings are mostly used at both ends of the gear shaft of the reduction box of the electric drive axle. Due to the high-speed rotation of the gear shaft, the gears and bearings need gear oil for lubrication. There are two main lubrication methods for the electric drive rear axle reduction boxes on the market: active lubrication and passive lubrication. Active lubrication integrates the oil pump and drive system on the gear box, and delivers the lubricating oil to the gear and bearing positions through a dedicated lubricating oil channel. This method has the best lubrication effect and strong adaptability. However, the active lubrication system has a complex structure, high cost, and significantly increases the power consumption of the system, which faces certain barriers in market promotion.

[0004] In contrast, the passive lubrication method makes an internal oil channel in the gearbox body, and uses a baffle structure set in the appropriate area of ​​the oil channel outlet to guide the splashed gear oil to the bottom of the bearing mounting seat for lubrication. The gearbox structure of this lubrication method is relatively simple, with a small number of assembly parts, and is suitable for compact occasions. Although the passive lubrication method has the advantages of simple structure and low cost, it often has the problem of insufficient lubrication. These problems are mainly because the traditional design does not guide and distribute the oil precisely, which makes it easy for the oil to splash insufficiently under high-speed conditions and difficult to effectively reach the key lubrication points. In addition, the existing passive lubrication system is further limited in lubrication effect due to the high viscosity of the oil when starting at low temperatures. Especially after long-term operation, the attenuation of lubrication performance may aggravate the wear of various components and shorten their service life. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a passive lubrication structure of an electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly and a vehicle.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A passive lubrication structure of an electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly, comprising a gearbox housing and a gearbox front cover, wherein the gearbox housing and the gearbox front cover are connected to form a mounting cavity, and a first gear set, a second gear set and a differential set are mounted on the mounting cavity;

[0008] The first gear set includes a first gear shaft, and the first gear shaft is mounted on a first mounting hole located on the gearbox housing through a first bearing; a first oil groove and a second oil groove are provided on the side of the first mounting hole;

[0009] The second gear set includes a second gear shaft, one end of the second gear shaft is mounted on a second mounting hole located on the gearbox housing through a second bearing, and the other end of the second gear shaft is mounted on a third mounting hole located on the gearbox front cover through a third bearing; a first gear is integrally formed on the second gear shaft, and a second gear is coaxially arranged on the second gear shaft, and the second gear is meshed with the first gear shaft; an oil groove three is arranged on the side of the second mounting hole, an oil guide groove two is arranged at the center of the second mounting hole, and the end of the oil groove three is located at the upper end of the oil guide groove two; an oil guide plate one and an oil guide groove three are arranged on the side of the third mounting hole;

[0010] The differential assembly includes a differential, a differential gear is mounted on the differential, the differential gear is meshed with the first gear, one side of the differential is mounted on a fourth mounting hole located on the front cover of the gearbox through a differential bearing 1, and the other side of the differential is mounted on a fifth mounting hole located on the gearbox housing through a differential bearing 2; an oil drain groove, a second oil guide plate and an oil channel are arranged on the side of the fourth mounting hole;

[0011] Among them, the inner cavity of the gearbox front cover is provided with an oil guide hole, the inner cavity of the gearbox housing is provided with an oil guide groove 1, the front end of the oil guide hole is connected to the oil guide groove 1, and the rear end of the oil guide hole is connected to the oil channel.

[0012] Furthermore, a bearing seat is installed on the gearbox housing, and the fifth mounting hole is arranged on the bearing seat.

[0013] Furthermore, an oil seal 1 is installed on the gearbox housing, and the oil seal 1 is arranged in the first mounting hole and located on the outside of the first bearing; the oil seal 1 is used to isolate the lubricating oil lubrication space inside the reduction box and the motor installation space outside.

[0014] Furthermore, an oil seal 2 is installed on the front cover of the gearbox. The oil seal 2 is arranged in the fourth mounting hole and is located on the outside of the differential bearing 1. The oil seal 2 is used to seal the interior of the reduction gearbox to prevent external impurities from entering the reduction gearbox assembly.

[0015] Furthermore, a vent plug is installed on the front cover of the gearbox, and the vent plug is used to balance the internal pressure of the reduction gearbox.

[0016] Further, the first gear shaft and the second gear shaft are both hollow structures;

[0017] The fourth mounting hole, the fifth mounting hole and the first gear shaft installed in the first mounting hole are arranged concentrically.

[0018] Furthermore, the second oil groove is an oil inlet, which is used to collect the lubricating oil stirred up by the gear and thrown onto the side wall of the gearbox housing and introduce it into the bottom surface of the first bearing to lubricate the first bearing; the first oil groove is an oil drain groove, which is used to enhance the flow of lubricating oil on the first bearing.

[0019] Furthermore, when the second gear set rotates, the lubricating oil flow brought by the second gear is squeezed and accumulated in the gap between the second gear and the peripheral wall of the second mounting hole to provide lubrication for the second bearing;

[0020] The bottom edge of the oil groove three extends outwards, and is used to collect the lubricating oil brought by the tooth surface of the second gear, and flows into the rear end of the bottom of the second bearing through the bottom of the oil groove three. The lubricating oil collected by the oil groove three enters the oil guide groove two under gravity, and then flows through the central through hole of the shaft of the first gear through the oil guide groove two to lubricate the third bearing on one side of the first gear;

[0021] The oil guide plate on the gearbox front cover collects part of the lubricating oil thrown onto the gearbox front cover wall when the second gear set rotates, and provides it to the third bearing on the third mounting hole for auxiliary lubrication.

[0022] Furthermore, when the differential group rotates, the differential will stir up a large amount of lubricating oil in the direction of the second differential bearing, and part of the lubricating oil will be introduced into the rear of the second differential bearing through the spiral surface of the third oil guide groove to lubricate the second differential bearing;

[0023] When the second gear rotates, the tooth surface of the second gear will bring up lubricating oil and accumulate on the top of the gearbox housing. This part of the oil will be collected by the oil guide groove 1, and then enter the side surface of the differential bearing 1 along the oil guide hole and the oil channel connected to the oil guide groove 1 to lubricate the differential bearing 1;

[0024] The oil guide plate 2 collects part of the lubricating oil on the tooth surface of the differential gear when the differential gear rotates and introduces it into the position of the differential bearing 1 for lubrication;

[0025] When the differential gear rotates, the lubricating oil brought up by the side wall of the differential gear flows downward along the inclined outer wall of the bearing seat to the position of the fifth mounting hole, thereby lubricating the second differential bearing.

[0026] A vehicle comprises the aforementioned passive lubrication structure of the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The present invention provides a passive lubrication structure of an electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly and a vehicle. The entire lubrication structure adopts an oil groove, an oil guide plate, and a machined oil hole structure on the inner wall of the gearbox and the outer side of the bearing seat, and the oil stirring and splashing during the gear rotation process are used to lubricate the bearings in various parts. The lateral opening structure is simple, which can effectively reduce the complexity of the gearbox structure, eliminate the live blocks required for the internal oil passages during casting, improve the casting yield rate, and effectively reduce the cost; the oil groove and the oil guide plate are both cast in an integrated manner with the reduction gearbox housing, and the entire lubrication structure has no separate parts, so that the reduction gearbox housing structure is further simplified, and the gearbox can be manufactured by a low-pressure die-casting process, which has higher production efficiency; it adopts a fully passive lubrication method, which can eliminate the oil pump and drive structure required for active lubrication, further reduce the cost and complexity of the entire system, and improve product competitiveness. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a passive lubrication structure of an electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a gearbox housing in a passive lubrication structure of an electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a transmission front cover in a passive lubrication structure of an electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a gearbox front cover in a passive lubrication structure of an electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the oil guide groove 1, the oil guide hole, and the oil channel in the passive lubrication structure of the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Description of the markings in the figure:

[0036] 1. Gearbox housing; 101. Oil groove 1; 102. Oil groove 2; 103. Oil guide groove 1; 104. Oil groove 3; 105. Oil guide groove 2;

[0037] 2. Transmission front cover; 201. Oil guide plate 1; 202. Oil guide hole; 203. Oil drain groove; 204. Oil guide plate 2; 205. Oil guide groove 3; 206. Oil channel;

[0038] 3. First gear set; 301. First gear shaft; 302. First bearing;

[0039] 4. Second gear set; 401. First gear; 402. Second gear; 403. Second bearing; 404. Third bearing;

[0040] 5. Differential assembly; 501. Differential; 502. Differential gear; 503. Differential bearing 1; 504. Differential bearing 2; 505. Bearing seat;

[0041] 6. Oil seal one; 7. Oil seal two; 8. Vent plug; 9. First mounting hole position; 10. Second mounting hole position; 11. Third mounting hole position; 12. Fourth mounting hole position; 13. Fifth mounting hole position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "left side", "right side", "upper part", "lower part", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. "First", "second", etc. do not indicate the importance of the parts, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. The specific dimensions used in the embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0044] Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "install", "set", "connect", "fix" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0045] Embodiment 1:

[0046] The purpose of this application is to provide an assembly structure for lubricating the gears and bearings in the reduction box on the electric drive rear axle, which can greatly reduce the complexity of the lubrication oil circuit and reduce the process difficulty and cost of component manufacturing; specifically, Figure 1-5 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0047] A passive lubrication structure of an electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly, comprising a gearbox housing 1 and a gearbox front cover 2, wherein the gearbox housing 1 and the gearbox front cover 2 are connected to form a mounting cavity, and a first gear set 3, a second gear set 4 and a differential set 5 are mounted on the mounting cavity;

[0048] The first gear set 3 includes a first gear shaft 301, and the first gear shaft 301 is mounted on a first mounting hole 9 located on the gearbox housing 1 through a first bearing 302; an oil groove 101 and an oil groove 2 102 are provided on the side of the first mounting hole 9;

[0049] The second gear set 4 includes a second gear shaft, one end of which is mounted on a second mounting hole 10 located on the gearbox housing 1 through a second bearing 403, and the other end of the second gear shaft is mounted on a third mounting hole 11 located on the gearbox front cover 2 through a third bearing 404; a first gear 401 is integrally formed on the second gear shaft, and a second gear 402 is coaxially arranged on the second gear shaft, and the second gear 402 is meshed with the first gear shaft 301; an oil groove 3 104 is arranged on the side of the second mounting hole 10, and an oil guide groove 2 105 is arranged at the center of the second mounting hole 10, and the end of the oil groove 3 104 is located at the upper end of the oil guide groove 2 105; an oil guide plate 1 201 and an oil guide groove 3 205 are arranged on the side of the third mounting hole 11;

[0050] The differential assembly 5 comprises a differential 501, on which a differential gear 502 is mounted, and the differential gear 502 is meshed with the first gear 401; one side of the differential 501 is mounted on a fourth mounting hole 12 located on the gearbox front cover 2 via a differential bearing 1 503, and the other side of the differential 501 is mounted on a fifth mounting hole 13 located on the gearbox housing 1 via a differential bearing 2 504; an oil drain groove 203, a second oil guide plate 204 and an oil passage 206 are arranged on the side of the fourth mounting hole 12;

[0051] Among them, the inner cavity of the gearbox front cover 2 is provided with an oil guide hole 202, and the inner cavity of the gearbox housing 1 is provided with an oil guide groove 103, the front end of the oil guide hole 202 is connected to the oil guide groove 103, and the rear end of the oil guide hole 202 is connected to the oil channel 206.

[0052] The passive lubrication structure of the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly in this embodiment includes a gearbox housing and multiple gear sets. The gearbox assembly includes a gearbox housing 1 and a gearbox front cover 2. The gearbox housing 1 and the gearbox front cover 2 include multiple bearing mounting holes, which are used to mount bearings and gear shafts respectively. The gearbox housing 1 is provided with an oil groove 101; an oil groove 2 102; an oil guide groove 1 103; an oil groove 3 104; an oil guide groove 2 105 and a first mounting hole 9 and a second mounting hole 10, and the corresponding gearbox front cover 2 is provided with an oil guide plate 1 201; an oil guide hole 202; an oil drain groove 203; an oil guide plate 2 204; an oil guide groove 3 205; an oil passage 206 and a third mounting hole 11 and a fourth mounting hole 12. Among them, the oil guide groove 1 103, the oil guide hole 202, and the oil passage 206 are interconnected, and the remaining oil grooves and oil guide plates are arranged independently, and are respectively arranged corresponding to each bearing mounting position. The whole mechanism adopts passive lubrication mode. The lubricating oil splashes on the tooth surface of the working gear to lubricate the gear. At the same time, the lubricating oil lubricates the bearings at various locations through the oil grooves and oil guide plates. The oil guide groove 103, the oil guide hole 202, and the oil channel 206 are combined into a complete oil circuit to lubricate the bearings arranged at the farthest end on the front cover of the gearbox.

[0053] Embodiment 2:

[0054] Based on Example 1, Figure 1-2The first gear set 3 is used as a power output shaft, including a first gear shaft 301 and a first bearing 302. The first gear shaft 301 is designed as an integral unit with a shaft gear, and the center of the gear shaft is a through hole. The first bearing 302 is arranged at the rear end of the gear of the first gear shaft 301 and is installed on the first mounting hole 9. The first mounting hole 9 is arranged on the gearbox housing 1, and the oil groove 1 101 and the oil groove 2 102 are designed around it. The oil groove 2 102 is an oil inlet, which is used to collect the lubricating oil that is stirred up by the gear and thrown onto the side wall of the gearbox housing and introduce it into the bottom of the first bearing 302 through the oil groove to lubricate the first bearing 302. The oil groove 101 is an oil drain groove, which is used to strengthen the oil flow on the bearing.

[0055] Embodiment 3:

[0056] Based on Example 1, Figure 1-3The second gear set 4 includes a first gear 401, a second gear 402, and a second bearing 403 and a third bearing 404 at both ends of the gear shaft. The second bearing 403 is arranged at one side of the shaft end of the second gear 402 and installed in the second mounting hole 10. The first gear 401 is designed as an integrated whole with the gear shaft, and the middle of the gear shaft is designed as a through hole. The third bearing 404 is arranged at the other end of the central axis of the first gear 401 and installed in the third mounting hole 11. The second gear 402 is meshed with the first gear shaft 301, and the first gear shaft 301 drives the second gear 402 to rotate during operation. The second mounting hole 10 is located on the gearbox housing 1, and the oil groove three 104 is designed around the second mounting hole 10, and the oil guide groove two 105 is designed at the center of the second mounting hole 10, and the end of the oil groove three 104 is located at the upper end of the oil guide groove two 105; the third mounting hole 11 is arranged on the gearbox front cover 2, and the oil guide plate one 201 and the oil guide groove three 205 are designed around the third mounting hole 11. When the second gear set 4 rotates, the oil flow brought by the second gear 402 can be squeezed and accumulated in the gap between the second gear 402 and the wall surface around the second mounting hole to provide lubrication for the second bearing 403. The bottom edge of the oil groove 3 104 extends outward to collect the oil brought by the tooth surface of the second gear 402, and flows into the bottom rear end of the second bearing 403 through the bottom of the oil groove 3 104. The oil collected by the oil groove 3 104 enters the oil guide groove 2 105 under gravity, and then flows through the central through hole of the first gear 401 shaft through the oil guide groove 2 105 to lubricate the third bearing 404 installed at the other end of the first gear 401 shaft. The oil guide plate 1 201 on the gearbox front cover 2 can collect part of the oil thrown onto the gear box wall when the second gear set 4 rotates, and provide it to the third bearing 404 on the third mounting hole 11 for auxiliary lubrication.

[0057] Embodiment 4:

[0058] Based on Example 1, Figure 1-5The differential group 5 includes a differential 501, a differential gear 502, a differential bearing 1 503, a differential bearing 2 504 and a bearing seat 505. Internal splines are arranged at both ends of the center of the differential 501; the differential gear 502 is installed on the differential 501, meshes with the first gear 401, and is driven by the second gear group 4. The differential bearing 1 503 is arranged on one side of the central axis of the differential 501 and is installed in the fourth mounting hole 12; the differential bearing 2 504 is arranged on the other side of the central axis of the differential 501 and is installed in the fifth mounting hole 13. The fourth mounting hole 12 is arranged on the front cover 2 of the gearbox, and the side of the fourth mounting hole 12 is arranged with an oil drain groove 203, an oil guide plate 204, and an oil channel 206. An oil guide hole 202 is arranged inside the front cover 2 of the gearbox, and the front end of the oil guide hole 202 is communicated with the oil guide groove 103 on the gearbox housing 1, and the rear end of the oil guide hole 202 is communicated with the oil passage 206. The fifth mounting hole 13 is arranged in the bearing seat 505, and the bearing seat 505 is installed on the gearbox housing 1. The fourth mounting hole 12, the fifth mounting hole 13 and the first gear shaft 301 installed in the first mounting hole 9 are arranged concentrically, and the left and right power output shafts are respectively matched with the splines in the differential 501 through the differential bearing 1 503 in the fourth mounting hole 12 and the differential bearing 2 504 installed in the fifth mounting hole 13 to achieve power output. When the differential group 5 rotates, the housing of the differential 501 will stir up a large amount of oil in the direction of the second bearing 2 404, and part of the oil will be introduced into the rear of the second bearing 2 404 through the spiral surface of the oil guide groove 3 205 to lubricate the second bearing 2 404. When the second gear 402 rotates, the tooth surface will bring up oil to accumulate on the top of the gearbox housing, and this part of the oil will be collected by the oil guide groove 1 103, and then enter the side of the differential bearing 1 503 along the oil guide hole 202 and the oil channel 206 connected thereto, and lubricate the differential bearing 1 503; at the same time, the oil guide plate 204 can collect part of the oil on the tooth surface when the differential gear 502 rotates and introduce it into the position of the differential bearing 1 503 for lubrication. When the differential gear 502 rotates, the oil brought up by the side wall of the gear will flow down along the inclined outer wall of the bearing seat 505 to the position of the fifth mounting hole 13 to lubricate the second differential bearing 504.

[0059] Embodiment 5:

[0060] Based on Example 1, Figure 1The gearbox assembly further includes an oil seal 1 6 and an oil seal 2 7. The oil seal 1 6 is arranged in the first mounting hole 9, and is located at the rear end of the first bearing 302. The oil seal 1 6 is used to isolate the oil lubrication space inside the gearbox from the motor installation space on the other side; the oil seal 2 7 is arranged in the fourth mounting hole 12, and is located outside the differential bearing 1 503, and its function is to seal the inside of the gearbox to prevent external impurities and dust from entering the gearbox assembly.

[0061] Embodiment 6:

[0062] Based on Example 1, Figure 5 The gearbox assembly also includes a vent plug 8. The vent plug 8 is installed on the top of the reduction box front cover to balance the internal pressure of the gearbox.

[0063] Embodiment 7:

[0064] The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0065] A vehicle comprises the aforementioned passive lubrication structure of the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly.

[0066] Working principle:

[0067] like Figure 1-5 As shown, the present invention provides a passive lubrication structure of an electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly, which includes a gearbox housing 1, a gearbox front cover 2, and a plurality of gear sets. The gearbox housing 1 and the gearbox front cover 2 are provided with a plurality of sequentially distributed mounting holes, and the plurality of gear sets are mounted in each mounting hole one by one.

[0068] In order to lubricate each gear set and bearing, the gearbox housing 1 is designed with an oil groove 101, an oil groove 2 102, an oil guide groove 1 103, an oil groove 3 104, an oil guide groove 2 105, a first mounting hole 9, and a second mounting hole 10. The first bearing 302 is mounted in the first mounting hole 9, and the oil groove 101 and the oil groove 2 102 are arranged on the side of the first mounting hole 9 to provide lubrication for the first bearing 302. In addition, the second bearing 403 is mounted in the second mounting hole 10, and the oil groove 3 104 is arranged on the side of the second mounting hole 10 to provide lubrication for the second bearing 403. The oil guide groove 2 105 is arranged in the center of the second mounting hole 10. The end of the oil groove 3 104 is above the oil guide groove 2 105 to ensure that the oil introduced by the oil groove 3 104 can fall into the oil guide groove 2 105. The oil guide groove 1 103 is arranged at the top of the inner cavity of the gearbox housing 1.

[0069] The gearbox front cover 2 is designed with an oil guide plate 1 201, an oil guide hole 202, an oil drain groove 203, an oil guide plate 204, an oil guide groove 3 205, an oil passage 206, and a third mounting hole 11 and a fourth mounting hole 12. The third bearing 404 is mounted in the third mounting hole 11, and the oil guide plate 1 201 and the oil guide groove 3 205 are arranged on the side of the third mounting hole 11 to provide lubrication for the third bearing 404. The differential bearing 1 503 is arranged in the fourth mounting hole 12, and the oil drain groove 203, the oil guide plate 204, and the oil passage 206 are arranged on the side of the fourth mounting hole 12 to provide lubrication for the differential bearing 1 503. The oil guide hole 202 is arranged at the top of the inner cavity of the gearbox front cover 2, and the front end is connected to the oil guide groove 1 103 at the top of the inner cavity of the gearbox housing 1, and the rear end is connected to the oil passage 206. The oil guide groove 103, the oil guide hole 202 and the oil channel 206 together form the longest oil delivery channel, which can deliver the oil to the fourth mounting hole 12 farthest from the oil splashing area to lubricate the differential bearing 503.

[0070] In addition, a bearing seat 505 is installed on the gearbox housing 1, and a fifth mounting hole 13 is arranged on the bearing seat 505, and the second differential bearing 504 is installed in the fifth mounting hole 13. Among the five mounting holes, the first mounting hole 9 is on the same axis as the fourth mounting hole 12 and the fifth mounting hole 13; the second mounting hole 10 is on the same axis as the third mounting hole 11.

[0071] The gear set is divided into a first gear set 3, a second gear set 4 and a differential set 5, wherein the gears in the first gear set 3 are designed as an integrated whole with the first gear shaft 301. The second gear set 4 includes a first gear 401, a second gear 402, a second bearing 403 and a third bearing 404. The differential set 5, as the third gear set, includes a differential 501, a differential gear 502, a differential bearing 1 503 and a differential bearing 2 504. The first gear 401 is designed as an integrated whole with the gear shaft and is arranged coaxially with the second gear 402; the differential gear 502 is mounted on the differential 501, and the differential bearing 1 503 and the differential bearing 2 504 are respectively mounted on the two end shafts of the differential. When working, the first gear shaft 301 is used as a power input gear, meshed with the second gear 402, and performs the first stage of deceleration with the second gear set 4, and then the first gear 401 is meshed with the differential gear 502 for the second stage of deceleration, and finally the differential performs the final power output.

[0072] When the assembly is stationary and not working, the oil level is submerged to about 1 / 3 of the height of the second gear 402 and the differential gear 502, which are the largest among the gears. At this time, the oil level can penetrate to part of the height of the first bearing 302. When the gear set is working, a large amount of oil can be stirred up on the gear tooth surfaces of the second gear 402 and the differential gear 502. Among them, when the second gear 402 is meshed with the gear on the first gear shaft 301, the oil at the meshing point will accumulate, which can lubricate the first bearing 302. At the same time, part of the oil brought up by the second gear 402 can be collected by the oil groove 2 102, and part of the oil can be introduced into the back of the first bearing 302 to assist in lubrication of the first bearing 302. Part of the oil brought up by the second gear 402 will also be intercepted and collected by the extended part of the oil groove 3 104 on the side of the second mounting hole 10 and introduced into the back of the second bearing 403 to lubricate the second bearing 403. The engine oil that enters the back side of the second bearing 403 through the end of the oil groove 3 104 will then fall into the oil guide groove 2 105 in the center of the second mounting hole 10, and this part of the engine oil will flow along the central cavity of the first gear 401 shaft to the center of the third bearing 404 in the third mounting hole 11 to lubricate the third bearing 404; at the same time, the oil guide plate 1 201 on the side wall of the gearbox front cover 2 will collect part of the engine oil that is carried by the second gear 402 and thrown onto the wall, and guide part of the engine oil into the back side area of ​​the third bearing 404 through the oil groove at the bottom of the oil guide plate 1 201 to assist in lubricating the third bearing 404; when the differential gear 502 rotates, the outer shell opening of the differential 501 will stir a large amount of engine oil toward the third bearing 404 area in the third mounting hole 11 on the side, and the spiral outer oil guide plate of the oil guide groove 3 205 will more efficiently collect this part of the engine oil and enter the back side of the third bearing 404 to fully lubricate the third bearing 404. The lubrication of the differential bearing 503 in the fourth mounting hole 12 is mainly achieved by introducing the oil delivery channel composed of the oil guide groove 103, the oil guide hole 202 and the oil channel 206 respectively arranged at the top of the gearbox housing 1 and the gearbox front cover 2 to guide the oil stirred up by the second gear 402 to the top of the gearbox to the rear of the differential bearing 503 in the fourth mounting hole 12. In order to make the oil flow smoothly, the oil guide groove 103 and the oil guide hole 202 are also designed with an inclination angle of 3 to 4°; at the same time, the oil guide plate 204 can also collect part of the oil stirred up by the differential gear 502 to the wall surface of the gearbox front cover 2 and introduce it to the rear of the differential bearing 503, thereby playing an auxiliary lubrication role for the differential bearing 503; and the oil drain groove 203 on the left side of the fourth mounting hole 12 is arranged in a high outside and low inside form, which can retain the oil in the differential bearing 503 to a certain extent and improve the lubrication effect. Finally, the differential bearing 2 504 in the fifth installation hole 13 is lubricated mainly by the oil stirred up on the tooth surface of the differential gear 502 flowing downward from the outer inclined surface of the side bearing seat 505 into the area of ​​the fifth installation hole 13.

[0073] The entire lubrication system is a passive lubrication system. To ensure the lubrication effect, multiple lubrication methods are used for the same part. The entire system has a simple structure and few parts, which is very beneficial to reducing costs and improving product market competitiveness.

[0074] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A passive lubrication structure for an electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly, characterized in that: The invention comprises a gearbox housing (1) and a gearbox front cover (2), wherein the gearbox housing (1) and the gearbox front cover (2) are connected to form a mounting cavity, and a first gear set (3), a second gear set (4) and a differential set (5) are mounted on the mounting cavity; The first gear set (3) comprises a first gear shaft (301), the first gear shaft (301) being mounted on a first mounting hole (9) located on the gearbox housing (1) via a first bearing (302); a first oil groove (101) and a second oil groove (102) are provided on the side surface of the first mounting hole (9); The second gear set (4) comprises a second gear shaft, one end of the second gear shaft is mounted on a second mounting hole (10) located on the gearbox housing (1) via a second bearing (403), and the other end of the second gear shaft is mounted on a third mounting hole (11) located on the gearbox front cover (2) via a third bearing (404); a first gear (401) is integrally formed on the second gear shaft, and a second gear (402) is coaxially arranged on the second gear shaft, and the second gear (402) is meshed with the first gear shaft (301); an oil groove three (104) is arranged on the side of the second mounting hole (10), and an oil guide groove two (105) is arranged at the center of the second mounting hole (10), and the end of the oil groove three (104) is located at the upper end of the oil guide groove two (105); an oil guide plate one (201) and an oil guide groove three (205) are arranged on the side of the third mounting hole (11); The differential assembly (5) comprises a differential (501), a differential gear (502) being mounted on the differential (501), the differential gear (502) being meshed with the first gear (401), one side of the differential (501) being mounted on a fourth mounting hole (12) located on the gearbox front cover (2) via a differential bearing 1 (503), and the other side of the differential (501) being mounted on a fifth mounting hole (13) located on the gearbox housing (1) via a differential bearing 2 (504); an oil drain groove (203), a second oil guide plate (204) and an oil channel (206) are arranged on the side surface of the fourth mounting hole (12); The inner cavity of the gearbox front cover (2) is provided with an oil guide hole (202), the inner cavity of the gearbox housing (1) is provided with an oil guide groove (103), the front end of the oil guide hole (202) is connected to the oil guide groove (103), and the rear end of the oil guide hole (202) is connected to the oil channel (206).

2. The passive lubrication structure of the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A bearing seat (505) is also mounted on the gearbox housing (1), and the fifth mounting hole (13) is arranged on the bearing seat (505).

3. The passive lubrication structure of the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An oil seal (6) is installed on the gearbox housing (1); the oil seal (6) is arranged in the first mounting hole (9) and is located on the outside of the first bearing (302); the oil seal (6) is used to isolate the lubricating oil lubrication space inside the reduction gearbox from the motor installation space outside.

4. The passive lubrication structure of the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gearbox front cover (2) is provided with a second oil seal (7), the second oil seal (7) being arranged in the fourth mounting hole (12) and being located on the outside of the first differential bearing (503), the second oil seal (7) being used for sealing the interior of the reduction gearbox to prevent foreign matter from entering the reduction gearbox assembly.

5. The passive lubrication structure of the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A vent plug (8) is installed on the gearbox front cover (2), and the vent plug (8) is used to balance the internal pressure of the reduction gearbox.

6. The passive lubrication structure of the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first gear shaft (301) and the second gear shaft are both hollow structures; The fourth mounting hole position (12), the fifth mounting hole position (13) and the first gear shaft (301) installed in the first mounting hole position (9) are arranged concentrically.

7. The passive lubrication structure of the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The second oil groove (102) is an oil inlet, which is used to collect the lubricating oil stirred up by the gear and thrown onto the side wall of the gearbox housing (1) and introduce it into the bottom surface of the first bearing (302) to lubricate the first bearing (302); the first oil groove (101) is an oil drain groove, which is used to enhance the flow of lubricating oil on the first bearing (302).

8. The passive lubrication structure of the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the second gear set (4) rotates, the lubricating oil flow brought by the second gear (402) is squeezed and accumulated in the gap between the second gear (402) and the peripheral wall of the second mounting hole (10), thereby providing lubrication for the second bearing (403); The bottom edge of the oil groove three (104) extends outwards, and is used to collect the lubricating oil brought up by the tooth surface of the second gear (402), and flows into the bottom rear end of the second bearing (403) through the bottom of the oil groove three (104). The lubricating oil collected by the oil groove three (104) enters the oil guide groove two (105) under gravity, and then flows through the central through hole of the shaft of the first gear (401) through the oil guide groove two (105) to lubricate the third bearing (404) on one side of the first gear (401); The oil guide plate 1 (201) on the gearbox front cover (2) collects part of the lubricating oil thrown onto the wall surface of the gearbox front cover (2) by the gear when the second gear set (4) rotates, and provides it to the third bearing (404) on the third mounting hole (11) for auxiliary lubrication.

9. The passive lubrication structure of the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the differential assembly (5) rotates, the differential (501) stirs up a large amount of lubricating oil in the direction of the second differential bearing (504), and part of the lubricating oil is guided to the rear of the second differential bearing (504) through the spiral surface of the third oil guide groove (205) to lubricate the second differential bearing (504); When the second gear (402) rotates, the tooth surface of the second gear (402) brings up lubricating oil and accumulates on the top of the gearbox housing (1). This part of the oil is collected by the oil guide groove (103) and then enters the side of the differential bearing (503) along the oil guide hole (202) and the oil channel (206) connected to the oil guide groove (103) to lubricate the differential bearing (503); When the differential gear (502) rotates, the second oil guide plate (204) collects part of the lubricating oil on the tooth surface of the differential gear (502) and guides it into the position of the first differential bearing (503) for lubrication; When the differential gear (502) rotates, the lubricating oil brought up by the side wall of the differential gear (502) flows downward along the inclined outer wall of the bearing seat (505) to the position of the fifth mounting hole (13), thereby lubricating the second differential bearing (504).

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle includes the passive lubrication structure of the electric drive rear axle reduction gearbox assembly as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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