A comprehensive lightning protection method and system for large-scale river engineering models

Abstract

The present invention discloses a comprehensive lightning protection method and system for a large-scale river engineering model, including: S1, laying a conductive grid with layered shielding characteristics around the model, and shunting the lightning current to the ground through a multi-node grounding structure; S2, laying electromagnetic field and electrostatic field detection equipment to generate preliminary lightning activity analysis data; S3, combining historical lightning data, calculating the electric field gradient change, lightning discharge possibility and path range through rule derivation and statistical analysis, and generating lightning activity analysis results; S4, based on the analysis results, starting the intelligent early warning system, triggering sound and light alarms in high-risk areas, and recording the range of lightning activities; S5, adjusting the shielding configuration of the conductive grid to adapt to the dynamic changes of lightning activities; S6, after the lightning activity ends, analyzing the monitoring data and generating a lightning event analysis report. This method integrates lightning monitoring, early warning and protection, and improves lightning protection effect and data traceability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of lightning protection for river engineering models, and in particular to a comprehensive lightning protection method and system for a large-scale river engineering model. Background Art

[0002] As industrial infrastructure becomes increasingly complex, large river models, as important experimental research platforms, play a key role in water conservancy projects and environmental management. However, their safety during lightning activities is severely challenged. Lightning strikes may cause serious damage to the model structure and its ancillary equipment, thus affecting the accuracy of data collection and the reliability of experimental results, and even leading to complete failure of the equipment.

[0003] In the existing technology, traditional lightning protection methods mostly rely on a single physical isolation method or static lightning protection design. These methods often appear to be powerless in the face of complex lightning environments. Specifically, the existing technology mainly has the following deficiencies:

[0004] 1. Lack of multi-dimensional monitoring capabilities: Traditional lightning protection systems usually only achieve physical isolation through simple grounding devices or lightning rods, and cannot monitor the temporal and spatial changes of lightning activities and their electromagnetic characteristics in real time;

[0005] 2. Limitations of static protection design: The existing system cannot adjust protection measures according to the dynamic distribution of lightning activities, and it is difficult to effectively deal with the complex temporal and spatial changes of lightning activities;

[0006] 3. Imperfect early warning mechanism: Traditional lightning protection systems lack an efficient lightning early warning mechanism and cannot provide real-time alarms and range data records, resulting in a slow response to lightning risks;

[0007] 4. Lack of intelligent control capabilities: In existing lightning protection technologies, the impedance adjustment of conductive grids and grounding paths is mostly fixed design, which fails to dynamically adapt to the intensity and path changes of lightning activities.

[0008] Therefore, how to provide a comprehensive lightning protection method and system for a large-scale river engineering model is a problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0009] One purpose of the present invention is to propose a comprehensive lightning protection method and system for large-scale river engineering models. The present invention combines physical shielding technology and intelligent lightning monitoring technology, and describes in detail the methods of real-time monitoring, dynamic early warning, shielding optimization and adaptive adjustment of lightning activities. It has the advantages of high real-time performance, precise protection, strong adaptability and data traceability.

[0010] A large-scale river engineering model comprehensive lightning protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1. A conductive grid with layered shielding characteristics is laid around the large river engineering model and connected to the deeply buried grounding body through a multi-node grounding structure to divert the lightning current to the ground;

[0012] S2. Deploy electromagnetic field detection equipment and electrostatic field detection equipment to record the electromagnetic field intensity change data and electrostatic field intensity data in the target area, and generate preliminary analysis data of lightning activities;

[0013] S3. Combine the preliminary analysis data of lightning activity with the historical lightning activity data in the target area obtained by electromagnetic field detection equipment, and generate lightning activity analysis results based on real-time analysis methods based on rule derivation and statistical analysis;

[0014] S4. Build an intelligent early warning system. According to the analysis results of lightning activity, activate the intelligent early warning system in high-risk areas, trigger sound and light alarms through predetermined alarm thresholds, and record lightning activity range data;

[0015] S5. Adjust the shielding configuration of the conductive grid and introduce a partitioned conductive management unit to control the connection resistance value of the grounding point so that the conductive grid can adapt to the spatiotemporal changes of lightning activity;

[0016] S6. After the lightning activity ends, analyze the electromagnetic field intensity change data and lightning activity range data in the target area and generate a lightning event analysis report.

[0017] Optionally, the S2 specifically includes:

[0018] S21. Arrange electromagnetic field detection equipment in the target area, wherein the electromagnetic field detection equipment includes a plurality of evenly distributed detection nodes, each of which records the electromagnetic field intensity change data in the local space. And achieve time synchronization of multi-node data through synchronous acquisition;

[0019] S22, deploying electrostatic field detection equipment in the target area, wherein the electrostatic field detection equipment records electrostatic field intensity data in the target area in a distributed installation manner ,in Indicates the number of the electrostatic field detection equipment. Represents the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the electrostatic field detection device;

[0020] S23. Data on changes in electromagnetic field intensity in local space and electrostatic field strength data Perform data preprocessing, including denoising, time alignment, and outlier removal, to generate corrected electric field data And the corrected electrostatic field data ;

[0021] S24, based on the corrected electric field data and electrostatic field data , calculate the time gradient of the electric field intensity and the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity , used to characterize the spatial distribution changes of lightning activities;

[0022] S25, according to the electric field intensity time gradient and the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity Statistical results to generate preliminary analysis data on lightning activity, including the rate of change of the maximum electric field intensity in the area and the maximum electrostatic field spatial gradient .

[0023] Optionally, the S24 specifically includes:

[0024] S241, based on the corrected electric field data , the time gradient of electric field intensity is calculated by difference method :

[0025] ;

[0026] in, and Respectively indicate time and Detecting nodes at all times The corrected electric field strength, is the time difference interval;

[0027] S242, corrected electrostatic field data The gradient calculation is performed on the changes in three-dimensional space to obtain the spatial gradient of the electrostatic field intensity :

[0028] ;

[0029] in, , , They represent the electrostatic field in , , Rate of change of direction:

[0030] ;

[0031] ;

[0032] ;

[0033] in, , , Respectively represent the detection nodes in , , The distance between directions, For electrostatic field data at the detection node Correction value.

[0034] Optionally, the S25 specifically includes:

[0035] S251, based on the time gradient of electric field intensity , perform statistical analysis on all detection nodes in the target area and calculate the maximum rate of change of electric field intensity in the area :

[0036] ;

[0037] in, is the detection node number, is the time difference interval, and The time and Corrected electric field strength at the moment;

[0038] S252, based on the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity , perform statistical analysis on all detection node data in the target area and calculate the maximum electrostatic field spatial gradient value : ;

[0039] ;

[0040] in, To detect nodes The spatial gradient modulus, is the total number of detection nodes;

[0041] S253. Combine the maximum electric field intensity change rate and the maximum static electric field spatial gradient value in the area to generate preliminary analysis data of lightning activity.

[0042] Optionally, the S3 specifically includes:

[0043] S31. Fusing the preliminary analysis data of lightning activity with the historical lightning activity data in the target area obtained through electromagnetic field detection equipment;

[0044] S32. Based on historical lightning activity data, a probability statistical method is used to calculate the high-frequency regional distribution probability of lightning activity in the target area. :

[0045] ;

[0046] in, Indicates the position in space The number of historical lightning discharges in the historical lightning activity data on is the total number of historical lightning records in the historical lightning activity data;

[0047] S33. Using the time gradient of electric field intensity in the preliminary analysis data of lightning activity and the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity , using a rule-based algorithm to estimate the probability of lightning discharge in the target area at the current moment : ;

[0048] in, and is a preset weight factor used to adjust the influence of the time gradient of electric field intensity and the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity on the possibility of lightning discharge;

[0049] S34, combined with the possibility of lightning discharge and the high frequency area distribution probability ,The lightning path range distribution map in the target area is generated by multi-dimensional data interpolation method, and output as the lightning activity analysis result.

[0050] Optionally, the S34 specifically includes:

[0051] S341, based on the possibility of lightning discharge and the high frequency area distribution probability , define the dynamic interpolation weight function :

[0052] ;

[0053] in, and is the adaptive adjustment factor, and They are the global maximum values ​​of lightning discharge possibility and high-frequency area distribution probability, respectively;

[0054] S342. Constructing a dynamic multidimensional interpolation model :

[0055] ;

[0056] in, is the monitoring start time, is the high frequency area weight parameter, Used for dynamic smooth interpolation calculation, Represents the time variable in the integration process, traversing the time interval [ , ];

[0057] S343, based on dynamic multidimensional interpolation model , extract high-risk areas from spatial distribution points, and calculate the lightning path fitting curve :

[0058] ;

[0059] in, Represents the gradient modulus of the dynamic multidimensional interpolation model, used for path smoothing;

[0060] S344, fitting the lightning path to a curve Combined with the three-dimensional spatial coordinates, a lightning path range distribution map within the target area is generated and output as a lightning activity analysis result.

[0061] Optionally, the S4 specifically includes:

[0062] S41. Build an intelligent early warning system and set alarm thresholds for high-risk areas based on lightning activity analysis results. The alarm threshold is based on the probability of lightning discharge. and the high frequency area distribution probability The weighted value of is calculated to obtain: ;

[0063] in, and Adjustment factors for alarm parameters;

[0064] S42, according to the set alarm threshold , select the set of spatial points that meet the following conditions as high-risk areas, and The area defined as lightning activity area is:

[0065] ;

[0066] S43. Activate the sound and light alarm device in the high-risk area and Activate alarm signal and record the time when the alarm is triggered and the corresponding spatial points of high-risk areas;

[0067] S44. The boundary point data of the high-risk area and the time when the alarm is triggered Integrated into lightning activity range data.

[0068] Optionally, the S5 specifically includes:

[0069] S51, dividing the conductive grid into a plurality of shielding units according to the distribution density of lightning activities and the change of electromagnetic field strength in the target area, each shielding unit is provided with an independent grounding point, and the grounding point is connected to the deeply buried grounding body through an adjustment device;

[0070] Define the partitioning parameters of the shielding unit :

[0071] ;

[0072] in, , , is the weight factor, represents the modulus of the spatial gradient of the electrostatic field, represents the time gradient of the electric field intensity, Represents the possibility of lightning discharge. If the partition parameter of the shielding unit Greater than the preset threshold , then the area is divided into a shielding unit;

[0073] S52, real-time measurement of the grounding resistance value of each grounding point And the real-time potential value of each potential monitoring point , record the potential difference of each shielding unit through the distributed potential monitoring device and the maximum potential gradient ;

[0074] S53, grounding resistance value based on grounding point Potential difference between the shielding unit , calculate the current distribution of each shielding unit and lightning current guiding efficiency of the shielding unit , and by dynamically adjusting the ground path impedance of the shielding unit;

[0075] S54. Perform shielding optimization on high potential difference areas and use a dynamic shielding path reconstruction algorithm to redistribute the grid conductive path.

[0076] Optionally, the S52 specifically includes:

[0077] S521, arrange potential monitoring points in each shielding unit of the conductive grid, the potential monitoring points are arranged in a uniform distribution, and the real-time potential value of each potential monitoring point is recorded ,in and is the plane coordinate, For time;

[0078] S522. Obtain the resistance value of the grounding point by AC injection method :

[0079] ;

[0080] in, The injected current The potential measurement value at ;

[0081] S523, based on the real-time potential value of each potential monitoring point , calculate the potential difference of the shielding unit :

[0082] ;

[0083] S524, based on the real-time potential value of each potential monitoring point , calculate the maximum potential gradient within the shielding unit :

[0084] ;

[0085] in, and The real-time potential values ​​are and Partial derivatives in the direction.

[0086] Optionally, the S53 specifically includes:

[0087] S531, grounding resistance value based on the grounding point of the shielding unit Potential difference between the shielding unit Potential measurement value of the ground point , calculate the current distribution of each shielding unit :

[0088] ;

[0089] S532. Calculate the lightning current guiding efficiency of the shielding unit :

[0090] ;

[0091] in, is the total number of shielding units, represents the total current distribution of all shielding units;

[0092] S533, according to the lightning current guiding efficiency of the shielding unit , adjust the grounding resistance value of the shielding unit , and the ground path impedance is obtained :

[0093] ;

[0094] in, is the adjustment coefficient, which is dynamically adjusted according to the intensity of lightning activity;

[0095] S534, ground path impedance Monitor to determine whether the following stability conditions are met:

[0096] ;

[0097] in, The stability threshold for ground impedance adjustment, Indicates shielding unit The ground path impedance at time When the stability condition is not met, further adjustment until the value is satisfied.

[0098] Optionally, the S54 specifically includes:

[0099] S541, for high potential difference area Identify and filter the potential difference of the shielding unit to exceed the potential difference safety threshold Region:

[0100] ;

[0101] in, Indicates that the shielding unit is at point The potential difference;

[0102] S542, based on the distribution of high potential difference areas, construct a grid conductive path adjustment model, and use a path optimization algorithm to redistribute the grid conductive path so that the optimized grid conductive path The following constraints are met: ;

[0103] in, To optimize the maximum potential gradient of the rear shielding unit, Represents the optimized grid conductive path in the plane coordinates The distribution of is the potential difference safety threshold;

[0104] S543, adjusting the grid conductive path through a dynamic shielding path reconstruction algorithm, preferentially selecting a low impedance path in a high potential difference region as a main conductive path, and achieving global optimization of the grid conductive path within the entire grid range;

[0105] S544. Verify the adjusted grid conductive path distribution, calculate the reconstructed global potential gradient distribution, and determine whether the convergence condition is met. ,If the convergence condition is not met, the mesh conductive path is repeatedly adjusted until convergence is achieved.

[0106] A large-scale river engineering model comprehensive lightning protection system, including:

[0107] Conductive grid system, a conductive grid composed of multiple shielding units, each shielding unit is equipped with an independent grounding point, which is connected to the deeply buried grounding body through an adjustment device to disperse lightning current;

[0108] A potential monitoring unit, including distributed potential monitoring points, records the real-time potential value of each potential monitoring point in the shielding unit, and measures the grounding resistance and potential gradient of the grounding point;

[0109] A dynamic adjustment device, which dynamically adjusts the grounding path impedance of the grounding point according to the potential distribution of the shielding unit, and the device is connected to the current distribution calculation unit to update the impedance value in real time;

[0110] The lightning activity monitoring unit obtains the electric field intensity time gradient and electrostatic field intensity spatial gradient of lightning activity in real time, and calculates the lightning discharge possibility and lightning path range distribution map of the target area in combination with historical lightning activity data;

[0111] The shielding optimization module performs dynamic shielding path optimization on high potential difference areas based on the potential distribution monitoring results, constructs and adjusts the grid conductive path so that the optimized maximum potential gradient meets the safety threshold;

[0112] The intelligent early warning system activates sound and light alarms in high-risk areas based on lightning activity analysis results and real-time monitoring data, and records the time and spatial scope of alarm triggering.

[0113] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0114] (1) The present invention provides in-depth monitoring and dynamic adaptation capabilities for lightning activities by combining layered shielding conductive grids, real-time electromagnetic and electrostatic field monitoring, dynamic grounding path adjustment, and shielding path optimization technologies, enabling the system to respond in real time to the temporal and spatial changes of lightning activities, thereby effectively reducing the risk of lightning damage to large river engineering models, especially in areas with frequent lightning activities, and significantly improving the reliability and safety of the system.

[0115] (2) The present invention combines the results of lightning activity analysis with the intelligent early warning system to achieve real-time alarms and record the range of lightning activity in high-risk areas, greatly improving the response speed and processing efficiency of lightning risks. The coordinated work of the dynamic adjustment device and the potential monitoring unit enables the conductive grid to adjust the grounding impedance in real time according to the intensity and path of lightning activity, improving the adaptability and protection accuracy of the system.

[0116] (3) The present invention provides a comprehensive perspective on lightning protection by combining multiple lightning monitoring, analysis, adjustment and early warning technologies, enabling the system to effectively cover the entire process from lightning monitoring to dynamic protection. The path reconstruction achieved by the shielding optimization module not only improves the dynamic adjustment capability of the protection system, but also significantly reduces the risk of exceeding the potential gradient, providing an intelligent and precise comprehensive solution for lightning protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0117] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0118] Figure 1 This is a general framework diagram of a large-scale river engineering model comprehensive lightning protection system proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0119] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore only show the components related to the present invention.

[0120] refer to Figure 1 , a large-scale river engineering model comprehensive lightning protection method, comprising the following steps:

[0121] S1. A conductive grid with layered shielding characteristics is laid around the large river engineering model and connected to the deeply buried grounding body through a multi-node grounding structure to divert the lightning current to the ground;

[0122] S2. Deploy electromagnetic field detection equipment and electrostatic field detection equipment to record the electromagnetic field intensity change data and electrostatic field intensity data in the target area, and generate preliminary analysis data of lightning activities;

[0123] In this implementation, S2 specifically includes:

[0124] S21. Arrange electromagnetic field detection equipment in the target area, wherein the electromagnetic field detection equipment includes a plurality of evenly distributed detection nodes, each of which records the electromagnetic field intensity change data in the local space. And achieve time synchronization of multi-node data through synchronous acquisition;

[0125] S22, deploying electrostatic field detection equipment in the target area, wherein the electrostatic field detection equipment records electrostatic field intensity data in the target area in a distributed installation manner ,in Indicates the number of the electrostatic field detection equipment. Represents the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the electrostatic field detection device;

[0126] S23. Data on changes in electromagnetic field intensity in local space and electrostatic field strength data Perform data preprocessing, including denoising, time alignment, and outlier removal, to generate corrected electric field data And the corrected electrostatic field data ;

[0127] S24, based on the corrected electric field data and electrostatic field data , calculate the time gradient of the electric field intensity and the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity , used to characterize the spatial distribution changes of lightning activities;

[0128] S25, according to the electric field intensity time gradient and the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity Statistical results to generate preliminary analysis data on lightning activity, including the rate of change of the maximum electric field intensity in the area and the maximum electrostatic field spatial gradient .

[0129] This implementation method uses distributed detection equipment to record electric field and electrostatic field change data in real time, combines with gradient calculation models, accurately analyzes the spatial distribution changes of lightning activities, and comprehensively grasps the electric field intensity gradient and electrostatic field gradient characteristics in the target area, providing a scientific basis for subsequent lightning warning and protection, and improving the accuracy and real-time performance of lightning monitoring.

[0130] In this implementation, S24 specifically includes:

[0131] S241, based on the corrected electric field data , the time gradient of electric field intensity is calculated by difference method :

[0132] ;

[0133] in, and Respectively indicate time and Time detection node The corrected electric field strength, is the time difference interval;

[0134] S242, corrected electrostatic field data The gradient calculation is performed on the changes in three-dimensional space to obtain the spatial gradient of the electrostatic field intensity :

[0135] ;

[0136] in, , , They represent the electrostatic field in , , Rate of change of direction:

[0137] ;

[0138] ;

[0139] ;

[0140] in, , , Respectively represent the detection nodes in , , The distance between directions, For electrostatic field data at the detection node The correction value of .

[0141] This implementation method calculates the time gradient of electric field intensity and the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity, combines the difference method and gradient calculation, and achieves accurate characterization of the spatial distribution changes of lightning activity, provides more accurate early warning capabilities of lightning activity, provides a scientific basis for dynamic lightning protection of large-scale river engineering models, and improves monitoring efficiency and protection reliability.

[0142] In this implementation, S25 specifically includes:

[0143] S251, based on the time gradient of electric field intensity , perform statistical analysis on all detection nodes in the target area and calculate the maximum rate of change of electric field intensity in the area :

[0144] ;

[0145] in, is the detection node number, is the time difference interval, and The time and Corrected electric field strength at the moment;

[0146] S252, based on the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity , perform statistical analysis on all detection node data in the target area and calculate the maximum electrostatic field spatial gradient value :

[0147] ;

[0148] ;

[0149] in, To detect nodes The spatial gradient modulus, is the total number of detection nodes;

[0150] S253. Combine the maximum electric field intensity change rate and the maximum static electric field spatial gradient value in the area to generate preliminary analysis data of lightning activity.

[0151] This implementation method generates preliminary data on lightning activity by combining statistical analysis of the temporal gradient of electric field intensity and the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity. It can not only accurately locate high-risk areas, but also quantify the intensity and distribution range of lightning activity, thereby improving the accuracy and real-time performance of lightning warnings and providing reliable data support for lightning activity monitoring and protection.

[0152] S3. Combine the preliminary analysis data of lightning activity with the historical lightning activity data in the target area obtained by electromagnetic field detection equipment, and generate lightning activity analysis results based on real-time analysis methods based on rule derivation and statistical analysis;

[0153] In this implementation, S3 specifically includes:

[0154] S31. Fusing the preliminary analysis data of lightning activity with the historical lightning activity data in the target area obtained through electromagnetic field detection equipment;

[0155] S32. Based on historical lightning activity data, a probability statistical method is used to calculate the high-frequency regional distribution probability of lightning activity in the target area. :

[0156] ;

[0157] in, Indicates the position in space The number of historical lightning discharges in the historical lightning activity data on is the total number of historical lightning records in the historical lightning activity data;

[0158] S33. Using the time gradient of electric field intensity in the preliminary analysis data of lightning activity and the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity , using a rule-based algorithm to estimate the probability of lightning discharge in the target area at the current moment :

[0159] ;

[0160] in, and is a preset weight factor used to adjust the influence of the time gradient of electric field intensity and the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity on the possibility of lightning discharge;

[0161] S34, combined with the possibility of lightning discharge and the high frequency area distribution probability ,The lightning path range distribution map in the target area is generated by multi-dimensional data interpolation method, and output as the lightning activity analysis result.

[0162] This implementation method combines preliminary analysis data of lightning activity with historical lightning activity data, adopts rule derivation and statistical analysis methods, calculates electric field gradient changes, lightning discharge possibilities and path range, provides comprehensive lightning activity prediction capabilities, effectively improves the accuracy and timeliness of lightning activity analysis, and provides a scientific basis for efficient lightning protection decision-making.

[0163] In this implementation, S34 specifically includes:

[0164] S341, based on the possibility of lightning discharge and the high frequency area distribution probability , define the dynamic interpolation weight function :

[0165] ;

[0166] in, and is the adaptive adjustment factor, and They are the global maximum values ​​of lightning discharge possibility and high-frequency area distribution probability, respectively;

[0167] S342. Constructing a dynamic multidimensional interpolation model :

[0168] ;

[0169] in, is the monitoring start time, is the high frequency area weight parameter, Used for dynamic smooth interpolation calculation, Represents the time variable in the integration process, traversing the time interval [ , ];

[0170] S343, based on dynamic multidimensional interpolation model , extract high-risk areas from spatial distribution points, and calculate the lightning path fitting curve :

[0171] ;

[0172] in, Represents the gradient modulus of the dynamic multidimensional interpolation model, used for path smoothing;

[0173] S344, fitting the lightning path to a curve Combined with the three-dimensional spatial coordinates, a lightning path range distribution map within the target area is generated and output as a lightning activity analysis result.

[0174] This implementation method constructs a multidimensional interpolation model through dynamic interpolation weight function and time integration to achieve dynamic fusion of lightning discharge possibility and high-frequency distribution probability, and accurately extracts the lightning path range through a path fitting optimization algorithm, thereby improving the accuracy and timeliness of lightning activity prediction and providing an intelligent and efficient analysis tool for the lightning protection system.

[0175] S4. Build an intelligent early warning system. According to the analysis results of lightning activity, activate the intelligent early warning system in high-risk areas, trigger sound and light alarms through predetermined alarm thresholds, and record lightning activity range data;

[0176] In this implementation, S4 specifically includes:

[0177] S41. Build an intelligent early warning system and set alarm thresholds for high-risk areas based on lightning activity analysis results. The alarm threshold is based on the probability of lightning discharge. and the high frequency area distribution probability The weighted value of is calculated to obtain:

[0178] ;

[0179] in, and Adjustment factors for alarm parameters;

[0180] S42, according to the set alarm threshold , select the set of spatial points that meet the following conditions as high-risk areas, and The area defined as lightning activity area is:

[0181] ;

[0182] S43. Activate the sound and light alarm device in the high-risk area and Activate alarm signal and record the time when the alarm is triggered and the corresponding spatial points of high-risk areas;

[0183] S44. The boundary point data of the high-risk area and the time when the alarm is triggered Integrated into lightning activity range data.

[0184] This implementation method realizes real-time monitoring and early warning of lightning activities by setting alarm thresholds to identify high-risk areas and combining the sound and light alarm system with data recording of lightning activity range. This method effectively improves the response speed and regional protection capabilities of lightning risks, and provides reliable protection for the safety of large-scale river engineering models.

[0185] S5. Adjust the shielding configuration of the conductive grid and introduce a partitioned conductive management unit to control the connection resistance value of the grounding point so that the conductive grid can adapt to the spatiotemporal changes of lightning activity;

[0186] In this implementation, S5 specifically includes:

[0187] S51, dividing the conductive grid into a plurality of shielding units according to the distribution density of lightning activities and the change of electromagnetic field strength in the target area, each shielding unit is provided with an independent grounding point, and the grounding point is connected to the deeply buried grounding body through an adjustment device;

[0188] Define the partitioning parameters of the shielding unit :

[0189] ;

[0190] in, , , is the weight factor, represents the modulus of the spatial gradient of the electrostatic field, represents the time gradient of the electric field intensity, Represents the possibility of lightning discharge. If the partition parameter of the shielding unit Greater than the preset threshold , then the area is divided into a shielding unit;

[0191] S52, real-time measurement of the grounding resistance value of each grounding point And the real-time potential value of each potential monitoring point , record the potential difference of each shielding unit through the distributed potential monitoring device and the maximum potential gradient ;

[0192] S53, grounding resistance value based on grounding point Potential difference between the shielding unit , calculate the current distribution of each shielding unit and lightning current guiding efficiency of the shielding unit , and by dynamically adjusting the ground path impedance of the shielding unit;

[0193] S54. Perform shielding optimization on high potential difference areas and use a dynamic shielding path reconstruction algorithm to redistribute the grid conductive path.

[0194] This implementation method measures the grounding resistance and potential distribution in real time, dynamically adjusts the grounding path impedance of the shielding unit, and optimizes the conductive path distribution in the high potential difference area. It not only enhances the conductive grid's ability to shunt lightning currents, but also improves the uniformity of potential distribution and the dynamic adaptability of the system, providing an efficient and reliable solution for the comprehensive lightning protection of large-scale river engineering models.

[0195] In this implementation, S52 specifically includes:

[0196] S521, arrange potential monitoring points in each shielding unit of the conductive grid, the potential monitoring points are arranged in a uniform distribution, and the real-time potential value of each potential monitoring point is recorded ,in and is the plane coordinate, For time;

[0197] S522. Obtain the resistance value of the grounding point by AC injection method :

[0198] ;

[0199] in, The injected current The potential measurement value at ;

[0200] S523, based on the real-time potential value of each potential monitoring point , calculate the potential difference of the shielding unit :

[0201] ;

[0202] S524, based on the real-time potential value of each potential monitoring point , calculate the maximum potential gradient within the shielding unit :

[0203] ;

[0204] in, and The real-time potential values ​​are and Partial derivatives in the direction.

[0205] This embodiment arranges evenly distributed potential monitoring points, combines the real-time potential value and grounding resistance measurement, and accurately calculates the potential difference and potential gradient, which can comprehensively reflect the potential distribution state of the shielding unit, provide high-precision basic data support for subsequent dynamic adjustment and shielding optimization, and improve the monitoring accuracy and adaptability of the system.

[0206] In this implementation manner, S53 specifically includes:

[0207] S531, grounding resistance value based on the grounding point of the shielding unit Potential difference between the shielding unit Potential measurement value of the ground point , calculate the current distribution of each shielding unit :

[0208] ;

[0209] S532. Calculate the lightning current guiding efficiency of the shielding unit :

[0210] ;

[0211] in, is the total number of shielding units, represents the total current distribution of all shielding units;

[0212] S533, according to the lightning current guiding efficiency of the shielding unit , adjust the grounding resistance value of the shielding unit , and the ground path impedance is obtained :

[0213] ;

[0214] in, is the adjustment coefficient, which is dynamically adjusted according to the intensity of lightning activity;

[0215] S534, ground path impedance Monitor to determine whether the following stability conditions are met:

[0216] ;

[0217] in, The stability threshold for ground impedance adjustment, Indicates shielding unit The ground path impedance at time When the stability condition is not met, further adjustment until the value is satisfied.

[0218] This implementation calculates the current distribution and lightning current guidance efficiency of the shielding unit in real time, dynamically adjusts the grounding path impedance, and introduces stability judgment conditions to ensure the rapid response of the grounding system and stable optimization of the potential distribution, effectively improving the lightning current guidance efficiency and protection reliability, and providing an accurate lightning protection solution for large-scale river engineering models.

[0219] In this implementation, S54 specifically includes:

[0220] S541, for high potential difference area Identify and filter the potential difference of the shielding unit to exceed the potential difference safety threshold Region:

[0221] ;

[0222] in, Indicates that the shielding unit is at point The potential difference;

[0223] S542, based on the distribution of high potential difference areas, construct a grid conductive path adjustment model, and use a path optimization algorithm to redistribute the grid conductive path so that the optimized grid conductive path The following constraints are met:

[0224] ;

[0225] in, To optimize the maximum potential gradient of the rear shielding unit, Represents the optimized grid conductive path in the plane coordinates The distribution of is the potential difference safety threshold;

[0226] S543, adjusting the grid conductive path through a dynamic shielding path reconstruction algorithm, preferentially selecting a low impedance path in a high potential difference region as a main conductive path, and achieving global optimization of the grid conductive path within the entire grid range;

[0227] S544. Verify the adjusted grid conductive path distribution, calculate the reconstructed global potential gradient distribution, and determine whether the convergence condition is met. ,If the convergence condition is not met, the mesh conductive path is repeatedly adjusted until convergence is achieved.

[0228] This implementation optimizes the distribution of grid conductive paths through a dynamic shielding path reconstruction algorithm, prioritizes low-impedance paths and makes global adjustments to ensure that the potential gradient meets the safety threshold. It not only achieves effective shielding of high potential difference areas, but also enhances the global optimization capability of the conductive paths, thereby improving the lightning protection reliability and adaptability of the system.

[0229] S6. After the lightning activity ends, analyze the electromagnetic field intensity change data and lightning activity range data in the target area and generate a lightning event analysis report.

[0230] A large-scale river engineering model comprehensive lightning protection system, including:

[0231] Conductive grid system, a conductive grid composed of multiple shielding units, each shielding unit is equipped with an independent grounding point, which is connected to the deeply buried grounding body through an adjustment device to disperse lightning current;

[0232] A potential monitoring unit, including distributed potential monitoring points, records the real-time potential value of each potential monitoring point in the shielding unit, and measures the grounding resistance and potential gradient of the grounding point;

[0233] A dynamic adjustment device, which dynamically adjusts the grounding path impedance of the grounding point according to the potential distribution of the shielding unit, and the device is connected to the current distribution calculation unit to update the impedance value in real time;

[0234] The lightning activity monitoring unit obtains the electric field intensity time gradient and electrostatic field intensity spatial gradient of lightning activity in real time, and calculates the lightning discharge possibility and lightning path range distribution map of the target area in combination with historical lightning activity data;

[0235] The shielding optimization module performs dynamic shielding path optimization on high potential difference areas based on the potential distribution monitoring results, constructs and adjusts the grid conductive path so that the optimized maximum potential gradient meets the safety threshold;

[0236] The intelligent early warning system activates sound and light alarms in high-risk areas based on lightning activity analysis results and real-time monitoring data, and records the time and spatial scope of alarm triggering.

[0237] This implementation method realizes the full-process monitoring, early warning and protection of lightning activities through the coordinated work of the conductive grid system, potential monitoring unit, dynamic adjustment device and shielding optimization module. Combined with the lightning activity monitoring unit and the intelligent early warning system, it can dynamically adapt to the spatial changes of lightning activities, improve the accuracy and real-time performance of protection, and provide an efficient and comprehensive lightning protection solution for large-scale river engineering models. Example

[0238] In order to verify the feasibility of the present invention, a large-scale river engineering model comprehensive lightning protection method and system of the present invention is applied to a large-scale river engineering experimental base. The base is located in southern China, where thunderstorms are frequent, especially in the thunderstorm season from June to September each year. Its complex experimental models and high-precision monitoring equipment have been damaged by lightning many times. For many years, the base has mainly used traditional lightning rods and grounding devices for protection, but the effect is limited. Lightning activities often cause equipment damage and experimental data loss, affecting the progress of scientific research. Therefore, the base decided to deploy the comprehensive lightning protection system of the present invention to improve lightning protection capabilities.

[0239] In the experimental scenario, a conductive grid system with layered shielding characteristics was first laid out around the model and connected to the deeply buried grounding body through multiple nodes. The conductive grid covers the entire experimental area. Through the multi-node structural design, it can quickly divert the lightning current when a lightning strike occurs, thereby effectively reducing the harm of direct lightning strikes. Electromagnetic field detection equipment and electrostatic field detection equipment are laid out in the grid area to record the changes in electric field strength and electromagnetic interference signals in the target area in real time. The data is aggregated to the lightning activity monitoring unit through a high-speed transmission system for real-time analysis of the characteristics of lightning activity in the target area.

[0240] The system's lightning activity monitoring unit combines preliminary analysis data with historical lightning activity data, and predicts the electric field gradient changes, possible discharge paths, and risk areas of lightning activity through statistical analysis and rule derivation methods. Based on this analysis result, the system activates the intelligent early warning module, triggers sound and light alarms in high-risk areas, and records the spatial range of lightning activity. The dynamic adjustment device adjusts the grounding path impedance of the conductive grid in real time according to the intensity and path changes of lightning activity to optimize the current diversion efficiency and ensure the efficient operation of the shielding grid.

[0241] In order to verify the actual effect of the lightning protection system, the experimental base conducted a detailed comparative analysis of the lightning protection effect before and after the deployment of the system. The following is a summary of the data from June to August when lightning activity was frequent:

[0242] Table 1 Comparison of lightning protection effects in experimental bases

[0243] ;

[0244] As can be seen from Table 1, after the deployment of the lightning protection system of the present invention, the number of equipment damages at the base was reduced from an average of 7 times per month to 0 times, and the loss of experimental data completely disappeared. During the peak period of lightning activity, the system can issue an early warning within 30 seconds of abnormal changes in the electric field intensity, and complete the triggering of sound and light alarms in high-risk areas within 1 minute. By dynamically adjusting the impedance of the conductive grid grounding path, the potential gradient in the high potential difference area is reduced to a safe range (less than 400V / m). During the experiment, the false alarm rate of the system was only 1.5%, which greatly improved the accuracy of lightning activity prediction.

[0245] In a typical thunderstorm case, the monitoring unit detected that the electric field strength in the experimental area increased rapidly, reaching the critical value of 2000V / m, and predicted that lightning discharge might occur along the path on the north side of the model. The system immediately adjusted the impedance distribution of the conductive grid grounding path, optimized the current diversion capacity, and triggered the sound and light alarm in the north area. In this thunderstorm event, lightning strikes did occur in the north area, but the experimental equipment was not damaged and data collection was carried out normally. Further analysis of the potential gradient distribution showed that the dynamic optimization of the conductive grid reduced the potential gradient in the high potential area to less than 300V / m, greatly reducing the risk of lightning strikes.

[0246] Through the implementation of the present invention, the experimental base has significantly improved the lightning protection capability, and solved the problems that traditional lightning protection methods cannot dynamically respond to changes in lightning paths and early warning lags. The lightning monitoring, dynamic adjustment, path optimization and intelligent early warning functions of the system complement each other and provide all-round protection for the safe operation of the river engineering experimental model. These data fully demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of the present invention in lightning activity monitoring, protection and risk management, and at the same time provide a solution that can be used as a reference for other engineering models in areas prone to thunderstorms.

[0247] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive lightning protection method for a large river engineering model, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. A conductive grid with layered shielding characteristics is laid around the large river engineering model and connected to the deeply buried grounding body through a multi-node grounding structure to divert the lightning current to the ground; S2. Deploy electromagnetic field detection equipment and electrostatic field detection equipment to record the electromagnetic field intensity change data and electrostatic field intensity data in the target area, and generate preliminary analysis data of lightning activities; S3. Combine the preliminary analysis data of lightning activity with the historical lightning activity data in the target area obtained by electromagnetic field detection equipment, and generate lightning activity analysis results based on real-time analysis methods based on rule derivation and statistical analysis; S4. Build an intelligent early warning system. According to the analysis results of lightning activity, activate the intelligent early warning system in high-risk areas, trigger sound and light alarms through predetermined alarm thresholds, and record lightning activity range data; S5. Based on the real-time monitoring data of lightning activity range in the target area, a partitioned conductive management unit is introduced to dynamically adjust the grounding point connection resistance value and conductive path impedance in each shielding unit, and a dynamic shielding path reconstruction algorithm is used to redistribute the conductive path in the grid; S6. After the lightning activity ends, analyze the electromagnetic field intensity change data and lightning activity range data of the target area and generate a lightning event analysis report; The S5 specifically includes: S51, dividing the conductive grid into a plurality of shielding units according to the distribution density of lightning activities and the change of electromagnetic field strength in the target area, each shielding unit is provided with an independent grounding point, and the grounding point is connected to the deeply buried grounding body through an adjustment device; S52, real-time measurement of the grounding resistance value of each grounding point And the real-time potential value of each potential monitoring point , record the potential difference of each shielding unit through the distributed potential monitoring device and the maximum potential gradient ; S53, grounding resistance value based on grounding point Potential difference between the shielding unit , calculate the current distribution of each shielding unit and lightning current guiding efficiency of the shielding unit , and by dynamically adjusting the ground path impedance of the shielding unit; S54. Perform shielding optimization on high potential difference areas and use a dynamic shielding path reconstruction algorithm to redistribute the grid conductive path.

2. A large-scale river engineering model comprehensive lightning protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 specifically includes: S21. Arrange electromagnetic field detection equipment in the target area, wherein the electromagnetic field detection equipment includes a plurality of evenly distributed detection nodes, each of which records the electromagnetic field intensity change data in the local space. And achieve time synchronization of multi-node data through synchronous acquisition; S22, deploying electrostatic field detection equipment in the target area, wherein the electrostatic field detection equipment records electrostatic field intensity data in the target area in a distributed installation manner ,in Indicates the number of the electrostatic field detection equipment. Represents the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the electrostatic field detection device; S23. Data on changes in electromagnetic field intensity in local space and electrostatic field strength data Perform data preprocessing, including denoising, time alignment, and outlier removal, to generate corrected electric field data And the corrected electrostatic field data ; S24, based on the corrected electric field data and electrostatic field data , calculate the time gradient of the electric field intensity and the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity , used to characterize the spatial distribution changes of lightning activities; S25, according to the electric field intensity time gradient and the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity Statistical results to generate preliminary analysis data on lightning activity, including the rate of change of the maximum electric field intensity in the area and the maximum electrostatic field spatial gradient .

3. A large-scale river engineering model comprehensive lightning protection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The S24 specifically includes: S241, based on the corrected electric field data , the time gradient of electric field intensity is calculated by difference method : ； in, and Respectively indicate time and Detecting nodes at all times The corrected electric field strength, is the time difference interval; S242, corrected electrostatic field data The gradient calculation is performed on the changes in three-dimensional space to obtain the spatial gradient of the electrostatic field intensity : ； in, , , They represent the electrostatic field in , , Rate of change of direction: ； ； ； in, , , Respectively represent the detection nodes in , , The distance between directions, For electrostatic field data at the detection node The correction value of .

4. A large-scale river engineering model comprehensive lightning protection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The S25 specifically includes: S251, based on the time gradient of electric field intensity , perform statistical analysis on all detection nodes in the target area and calculate the maximum rate of change of electric field intensity in the area : ； in, is the detection node number, is the time difference interval, and The time and Corrected electric field strength at the moment; S252, based on the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity , perform statistical analysis on all detection node data in the target area and calculate the maximum electrostatic field spatial gradient value : ; ； in, To detect nodes The spatial gradient modulus, is the total number of detection nodes; S253. Combine the maximum electric field intensity change rate and the maximum static electric field spatial gradient value in the area to generate preliminary analysis data of lightning activity.

5. A large-scale river engineering model comprehensive lightning protection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The S3 specifically includes: S31. Fusing the preliminary analysis data of lightning activity with the historical lightning activity data in the target area obtained through electromagnetic field detection equipment; S32. Based on historical lightning activity data, a probability statistical method is used to calculate the high-frequency regional distribution probability of lightning activity in the target area. : ； in, Indicates the position in space The number of historical lightning discharges in the historical lightning activity data on is the total number of historical lightning records in the historical lightning activity data; S33. Using the time gradient of electric field intensity in the preliminary analysis data of lightning activity and the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity , using a rule-based algorithm to estimate the probability of lightning discharge in the target area at the current moment : ; in, and is a preset weight factor used to adjust the influence of the time gradient of electric field intensity and the spatial gradient of electrostatic field intensity on the possibility of lightning discharge; S34, combined with the possibility of lightning discharge and the high frequency area distribution probability ,The lightning path range distribution map in the target area is generated by multi-dimensional data interpolation method, and output as the lightning activity analysis result.

6. A large-scale river engineering model comprehensive lightning protection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The S34 specifically includes: S341, based on the possibility of lightning discharge and the high frequency area distribution probability , define the dynamic interpolation weight function : ； in, and is the adaptive adjustment factor, and They are the global maximum values ​​of lightning discharge possibility and high-frequency area distribution probability respectively; S342. Constructing a dynamic multidimensional interpolation model : ； in, is the monitoring start time, is the high frequency area weight parameter, Used for dynamic smooth interpolation calculation, Represents the time variable in the integration process, traversing the time interval [ , ]; S343, based on dynamic multidimensional interpolation model , extract high-risk areas from spatial distribution points, and calculate the lightning path fitting curve : ； in, Represents the gradient modulus of the dynamic multidimensional interpolation model, used for path smoothing; S344, fitting the lightning path to a curve Combined with the three-dimensional spatial coordinates, a lightning path range distribution map within the target area is generated and output as a lightning activity analysis result.

7. A large-scale river engineering model comprehensive lightning protection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The S4 specifically includes: S41. Build an intelligent early warning system and set alarm thresholds for high-risk areas based on lightning activity analysis results. The alarm threshold is based on the probability of lightning discharge. and the high frequency area distribution probability The weighted value of is calculated to obtain: ; in, and Adjustment factors for alarm parameters; S42, according to the set alarm threshold , select the set of spatial points that meet the following conditions as high-risk areas, and The area defined as lightning activity area is: ； S43. Activate the sound and light alarm device in the high-risk area and Activate alarm signal and record the time when the alarm is triggered and the corresponding spatial points of high-risk areas; S44. The boundary point data of the high-risk area and the time when the alarm is triggered Integrated into lightning activity range data.

8. A large-scale river engineering model comprehensive lightning protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S52 specifically includes: S521, arrange potential monitoring points in each shielding unit of the conductive grid, the potential monitoring points are arranged in a uniform distribution, and the real-time potential value of each potential monitoring point is recorded ,in and is the plane coordinate, For time; S522. Obtain the resistance value of the grounding point by AC injection method : ； in, The injected current The potential measurement value at ; S523, based on the real-time potential value of each potential monitoring point , calculate the potential difference of the shielding unit : ； S524, based on the real-time potential value of each potential monitoring point , calculate the maximum potential gradient within the shielding unit : ； in, and The real-time potential values ​​are and Partial derivatives in the direction.

9. A large-scale river engineering model comprehensive lightning protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S53 specifically includes: S531, grounding resistance value based on the grounding point of the shielding unit Potential difference between the shielding unit Potential measurement value of the ground point , calculate the current distribution of each shielding unit : ； S532. Calculate the lightning current guiding efficiency of the shielding unit : ； in, is the total number of shielding units, represents the total current distribution of all shielding units; S533, according to the lightning current guiding efficiency of the shielding unit , adjust the grounding resistance value of the shielding unit , and the ground path impedance is obtained : ； in, is the adjustment coefficient, which is dynamically adjusted according to the intensity of lightning activity; S534, ground path impedance Monitor to determine whether the following stability conditions are met: ； in, The stability threshold for ground impedance adjustment, Indicates shielding unit The ground path impedance at time When the stability condition is not met, further adjustment until the value is satisfied.

10. A large-scale river engineering model comprehensive lightning protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S54 specifically includes: S541, for high potential difference area Identify and filter the potential difference of the shielding unit to exceed the potential difference safety threshold Region: ； in, Indicates that the shielding unit is at point The potential difference; S542, based on the distribution of high potential difference areas, construct a grid conductive path adjustment model, and use a path optimization algorithm to redistribute the grid conductive path so that the optimized grid conductive path The following constraints are met: ; in, To optimize the maximum potential gradient of the rear shielding unit, Represents the optimized grid conductive path in the plane coordinates The distribution of is the potential difference safety threshold; S543, adjusting the grid conductive path through a dynamic shielding path reconstruction algorithm, preferentially selecting a low impedance path in a high potential difference region as a main conductive path, and achieving global optimization of the grid conductive path within the entire grid range; S544. Verify the adjusted grid conductive path distribution, calculate the reconstructed global potential gradient distribution, and determine whether the convergence condition is met. ,If the convergence condition is not met, the mesh conductive path is repeatedly adjusted until convergence is achieved.

11. A large-scale river engineering model integrated lightning protection system, applied to a large-scale river engineering model integrated lightning protection method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: include: Conductive grid system, a conductive grid composed of multiple shielding units, each shielding unit is equipped with an independent grounding point, which is connected to the deeply buried grounding body through an adjustment device to disperse lightning current; A potential monitoring unit, including distributed potential monitoring points, records the real-time potential value of each potential monitoring point in the shielding unit, and measures the grounding resistance and potential gradient of the grounding point; A dynamic adjustment device, which dynamically adjusts the grounding path impedance of the grounding point according to the potential distribution of the shielding unit, and the device is connected to the current distribution calculation unit to update the impedance value in real time; The lightning activity monitoring unit obtains the electric field intensity time gradient and electrostatic field intensity spatial gradient of lightning activity in real time, and calculates the lightning discharge possibility and lightning path range distribution map of the target area in combination with historical lightning activity data; The shielding optimization module performs dynamic shielding path optimization on high potential difference areas based on the potential distribution monitoring results, constructs and adjusts the grid conductive path so that the optimized maximum potential gradient meets the safety threshold; The intelligent early warning system activates sound and light alarms in high-risk areas based on lightning activity analysis results and real-time monitoring data, and records the time and spatial scope of alarm triggering.

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