Territorial space planning surveying and mapping three-dimensional analogue simulation system, equipment and terminal

Abstract

The invention discloses a territorial space planning surveying and mapping three-dimensional analogue simulation system, device and terminal, and the system comprises a data collection and processing module, a three-dimensional modeling module, a planning scheme importing and editing module, an analogue simulation and analysis module, a result output and sharing module and an intelligent decision support module which have corresponding functions and performance indexes. The method has the advantages that data acquisition precision, model precision, simulation accuracy and the like are achieved, various innovative functions and technologies such as model dynamic updating, multi-person collaborative editing, scene simulation and the like are achieved, and scientificity and efficiency of territorial space planning are improved; the precision and efficiency of territorial space planning are improved, accurate data acquisition, three-dimensional fine modeling, comprehensive simulation analysis, intelligent decision support and diversified result output are realized through a multi-module cooperation and innovation technology, scientific and reasonable planning is promoted, and industry development is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of space planning simulation systems, and in particular to a three-dimensional simulation system, equipment and terminal for national land space planning and surveying. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid development of social economy, national land space planning plays a vital role in national and local development. It involves land use, urban construction, resource allocation, environmental protection and other aspects, and has far-reaching significance for achieving sustainable development, improving the quality of life of residents, and promoting regional coordinated development. However, traditional national land space planning methods have gradually revealed many limitations in the face of increasingly complex real needs and rapidly changing environment.

[0003] In terms of data collection, in the past, we mainly relied on limited measurement methods and manual surveys, and the data sources were single and not comprehensive enough. The accuracy of collecting basic data such as topography, landforms, and buildings was limited, making it difficult to meet the requirements of refined planning. Moreover, data from different sources have different formats and lack effective integration and cleaning mechanisms, resulting in uneven data quality, a large number of errors and missing values, which brought great difficulties to subsequent analysis and modeling work, affecting the accuracy and reliability of planning.

[0004] Although the application of 3D modeling technology in national land space planning has made some progress, traditional modeling methods are often inefficient, and it is difficult to balance the realism and accuracy of the model. When constructing 3D geographic models and architectural models, it is impossible to accurately reflect the complex natural geographical elements and architectural details, and the representation of terrain undulations, underground geological structures, and internal structures of buildings is not detailed enough. At the same time, the model is updated slowly, making it difficult to reflect the dynamic changes of national land space in real time. When there are new construction projects or changes in land use, the model cannot be adjusted in time, making the planning out of touch with the actual situation.

[0005] There are also many problems in the formulation and evaluation process of planning schemes. Traditional planning schemes mainly rely on the experience and subjective judgment of planners, lacking scientific quantitative analysis and simulation methods. In the process of editing and adjusting planning schemes, the operation is not intuitive and convenient enough, it is difficult to see the effect of the adjusted scheme in real time, and it is impossible to conduct a comprehensive and accurate automatic check on the legality of the planning scheme, which can easily lead to the planning scheme violating relevant laws and regulations and bring risks to subsequent implementation.

[0006] In terms of simulation, the previous simulation functions were relatively simple, mainly focusing on some simple scenarios, such as sunshine analysis, ventilation simulation, etc., and the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results need to be improved. The simulation and analysis capabilities in emerging fields such as ecosystem service value assessment are insufficient, and it is impossible to fully consider the impact of planning schemes on the ecological environment. At the same time, there is a lack of effective integration between different simulation tools, and data sharing and interaction are difficult, which requires planners to spend a lot of time and energy on data conversion and processing when conducting comprehensive analysis, reducing work efficiency.

[0007] The output and display methods of the results are also relatively traditional and limited. Planning results are usually presented in the form of two-dimensional drawings and reports, which makes it difficult to intuitively display the three-dimensional form of the national land space and the actual effect of the planning scheme. This method is not conducive to non-professionals to understand and participate in planning decisions, and it cannot meet the public's requirements for planning transparency and participation. Moreover, when sharing and collaborating with other departments or systems, there is a lack of unified standards and interfaces, resulting in poor data transmission and serious information islands, which affects the integrity and coordination of national land space planning.

[0008] In summary, traditional land space planning technologies and methods can no longer meet the needs of modern society for efficient, accurate, scientific and sustainable land space planning. In order to overcome these problems, there is an urgent need for an innovative land space planning surveying and mapping 3D simulation system that can integrate multi-source data, achieve high-precision 3D modeling, conduct comprehensive simulation analysis, provide intelligent decision support, and output and share results in a variety of ways to improve the quality and efficiency of land space planning and promote the scientificity and rationality of urban and rural construction and regional development. Summary of the invention

[0009] The present invention proposes a three-dimensional simulation system, equipment and terminal for national land space planning and surveying to solve the problems mentioned in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a three-dimensional simulation system for land space planning and surveying, comprising:

[0011] The data collection and processing module is used to collect national land space data from various sources, including terrain data, landform data, land use data, building data, traffic data, water system data, vegetation data and underground pipeline data. It has powerful data cleaning, denoising and format conversion functions to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data. Using data quality assessment algorithms, it automatically identifies and repairs errors and missing values ​​in the data, and the data efficiency after data cleaning reaches more than 95%. It supports the input and output of multiple data formats, such as common geographic information system (GIS) formats and three-dimensional model formats, to facilitate data interaction with other systems. The collection accuracy of terrain data reaches the decimeter level, and the collection accuracy of building data reaches the centimeter level, so as to achieve a detailed simulation of national land space.

[0012] In data cleaning, the following data outlier detection formula is used:

[0013]

[0014] Where Z i is the standardized value of the ith data point, x i is the value of the data point, is the mean value of the data, and s is the standard deviation of the data. i When |>3, the data point is considered as an outlier and is processed accordingly.

[0015] The 3D modeling module builds high-precision 3D geographic models and building models based on the collected data, and uses advanced modeling algorithms, such as triangulated network modeling and texture mapping technology, to achieve the realism and three-dimensionality of the model. The model can be built according to different levels of detail (LOD) to balance system performance and display effects. When observed at a close distance, the model can show rich details, such as the door and window structure and texture materials of the building; when observed at a distance, the model can be automatically simplified to improve the system operation efficiency. The 3D geographic model can accurately reflect the natural geographical elements of terrain undulations, landform features, water system distribution, and underground geological structure. The 3D building model can accurately restore the appearance, height, and structural information of the building, and the geometric accuracy error of the model is controlled within ±0.5 meters.

[0016] In 3D modeling, the following surface fitting formula is used for terrain modeling:

[0017]

[0018] Where z is the terrain height, x and y are plane coordinates, and a ij The fitting coefficient is obtained by fitting the collected terrain data to obtain an accurate terrain surface model.

[0019] The planning scheme import and editing module allows users to import various territorial space planning schemes and perform visual editing and adjustment in a 3D simulation environment. It supports operations such as adding, deleting, moving, and modifying land use layouts, building locations, and transportation line elements in the planning scheme. It has a real-time parameter adjustment function, enabling users to adjust various indicators in the planning scheme, such as building plot ratio, greening rate, and road width, and can immediately see the effects after adjustment. During the editing process, the system automatically conducts legality checks to ensure that the planning scheme complies with relevant laws, regulations, and technical specifications, such as building spacing requirements and land use control, and the accuracy rate of the legality check reaches over 98%.

[0020] In the legality check, the following formula is used for building spacing check:

[0021] d≥L×k

[0022] Where d is the actual building spacing, L is the building height, and k is the spacing coefficient determined according to the specification (such as taking values according to different regions and building types). When d < L×k, it is determined that the building spacing does not meet the specification, and the system gives a prompt.

[0023] The simulation and analysis module can perform simulation of multiple scenarios based on the constructed 3D model and the imported planning scheme, including but not limited to sunlight analysis, ventilation simulation, line of sight analysis, flood inundation simulation, traffic flow simulation, and ecosystem service value assessment. Professional simulation algorithms and models are used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results. In sunlight analysis, it can accurately calculate the sunlight duration and shadow distribution of buildings at different time periods and seasons, and the error of sunlight analysis is within ±15 minutes. Ventilation simulation can simulate the wind field distribution and air flow under different meteorological conditions, providing a basis for urban ventilation corridor planning. Line of sight analysis can calculate the visible range and line of sight obstruction from different observation points to the target point, assisting in planning landscape nodes and public spaces. Flood inundation simulation can predict the inundation range and water depth under different flood levels based on terrain and water system data, providing support for flood control and disaster reduction planning. Traffic flow simulation can simulate the vehicle driving conditions during peak and off-peak traffic periods, evaluating the rationality of road planning schemes, and the accuracy rate of traffic flow simulation reaches over 85%. Ecosystem service value assessment can quantify the impact of the planning scheme on ecosystem service functions, such as water conservation, soil conservation, and carbon storage, providing a decision-making basis for ecological protection and sustainable development. This module can also conduct quantitative analysis on the simulation results and generate a detailed analysis report, and the report content includes numerical results of various indicators, chart displays, and problem suggestions.

[0024] In the ecosystem service value assessment, the following calculation formula is used for water conservation value:

[0025]

[0026] Where V w A is the water conservation value, i is the area of ​​the first land use type, P i is the precipitation interception rate of the land use type, R i is the water conservation price per unit area (which can be determined through market research or related studies). By calculating and summarizing the water conservation value of different land use types, the water conservation value assessment result of the entire region is obtained.

[0027] The output and sharing module supports the output of simulation results in various forms, such as 3D scene screenshots, video animations, data reports, immersive virtual reality (VR) experience files, and augmented reality (AR) scene files. Users can choose different output formats and resolutions as needed to meet different application requirements. The output video animation has high-definition quality, with a resolution of not less than 1920×1080 and a frame rate of more than 30 frames per second, which can smoothly display the effects and changes of the planning scheme. The data report contains detailed simulation data and analysis results, which are presented to users intuitively and clearly in a combination of charts and text. At the same time, the module has data sharing functions, can share and collaborate with other relevant departments or systems, and supports common data sharing protocols and interfaces, such as WebService and RESTfulAPI, to ensure the safe transmission and effective use of data, and the success rate of data sharing reaches more than 95%.

[0028] The intelligent decision support module provides intelligent decision support for national land space planning based on big data analysis and machine learning algorithms. This module can conduct in-depth analysis of historical planning data, simulation results, and related socio-economic data to explore potential laws and trends in the data. By establishing decision models, such as linear regression models and decision tree models, quantitative decision suggestions are provided for the evaluation and optimization of planning schemes. For example, in land use planning, the benefits and impacts of different land use schemes are predicted based on population growth trends, economic development needs, and ecological protection goals, providing a scientific basis for decision makers. The module also has a scheme comparison function, which can comprehensively evaluate and compare multiple planning schemes, and display the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme in a visual way to help decision makers quickly select the best scheme. The decision suggestion accuracy rate of the intelligent decision support module reaches more than 80%, which can effectively improve the scientificity and rationality of national land space planning.

[0029] Preferably, the 3D modeling module also has a dynamic model update function. When new data is collected or the planning scheme changes, the 3D model can be automatically updated to ensure that the model is consistent with the actual situation. The time interval for model update does not exceed 24 hours, and the consistency between the model and the actual situation after each update is improved by no less than 5%.

[0030] Preferably, the planning scheme import and editing module supports multi-person online collaborative editing. Different users can edit and modify the planning scheme in a three-dimensional simulation environment at the same time and see the operation results of other users in real time. It has a version management function, which can record the modification history and version information of the planning scheme, making it convenient for users to trace back and compare versions. At the same time, it supports real-time communication and exchange functions. Users can communicate and collaborate through text chat and voice calls, and the communication delay time does not exceed 1 second to improve team collaboration efficiency.

[0031] Preferably, the simulation and analysis module has a scenario simulation function, and users can customize different development scenarios and assumptions, such as population growth, changes in land development intensity, and climate change. The system performs corresponding simulations based on the scenarios set by the user to provide forward-looking references for planning decisions. The parameter settings of scenario simulation are flexible and diverse, which can meet the needs of different users, and the simulation results can clearly show the changing trends and potential problems of national land space under different scenarios.

[0032] Preferably, the output and sharing module supports virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) displays, and users can immersively experience the effects of national land space planning through VR devices or AR devices. In the VR display, a full range of visual and auditory experiences are provided, and users can walk, observe and interact freely to experience the real scene of the planning scheme. In the AR display, virtual planning information can be integrated with the real scene to provide users with a more intuitive display effect and enhance users' understanding and cognition of the planning scheme. The frame rate of VR and AR displays shall not be less than 60 frames per second, and the picture delay shall not exceed 20 milliseconds to ensure a smooth interactive experience.

[0033] Preferably, a device for realizing a three-dimensional simulation system for national land space planning and mapping comprises:

[0034] High-performance processor, with a main frequency of no less than 3.5GHz and a core number of no less than 10 cores, is used to run the system's complex computing tasks and 3D simulation programs to ensure the system's fast response and smooth operation. It can handle multiple large-scale 3D models and data computing tasks at the same time, with a data processing capacity of no less than 2000GFLOPS (billion floating-point operations per second);

[0035] A large-capacity memory connected to the processor, with a storage capacity of not less than 2TB, using a combination of high-speed solid-state drives (SSDs) and dynamic random access memory (DRAM). SSDs are used to store system programs, three-dimensional model data, and long-term data, and DRAM is used to cache real-time operation data. The data read and write speed is not less than 1500MB / s to meet the needs of fast data storage and reading, ensuring that the system will not freeze when processing large amounts of data;

[0036] Professional graphics processing unit (GPU), with no less than 8GB of video memory and no less than 2560 stream processors, for accelerating the rendering and display of 3D graphics. Supporting OpenGL and DirectX graphics programming interfaces, it can achieve high-quality 3D graphics drawing and real-time rendering, with a graphics rendering frame rate of no less than 60 frames per second, and can ensure the smoothness and realism of the picture when processing complex 3D scenes;

[0037] Multi-channel data communication interfaces, including Ethernet, USB, and HDMI, are used for data transmission and connection with external devices. The Ethernet interface supports Gigabit Ethernet and above, ensuring fast data transmission and stable network connection. The USB interface supports a variety of USB standards, making it easy to connect data acquisition devices, storage devices, and input and output devices. The HDMI interface is used to connect high-definition display devices and supports video output with 4K resolution and above to display high-quality 3D simulation results.

[0038] High-precision positioning and attitude sensors are used to obtain the position and attitude information of the device, providing accurate data support for geographic positioning and perspective switching in 3D simulation. The positioning accuracy reaches the centimeter level, and the attitude measurement accuracy reaches within 0.1 degrees. It can accurately track the position and direction changes of the device in real time, ensuring that users can obtain accurate spatial perception and interactive experience when using the system.

[0039] Preferably, a terminal for running a three-dimensional simulation system for land space planning and surveying includes:

[0040] Touch screen, with a screen size of no less than 27 inches and a display resolution of no less than 2560×1440, supporting touch operation, and a touch response accuracy of no less than 95%. It can clearly display the results of 3D simulation and the system operation interface, and users can interact through touch operations, such as zooming, rotating, and panning 3D scenes, and selecting menu options, providing a convenient user experience;

[0041] Mobile computing platform, using high-performance mobile processor, with a main frequency of no less than 2.8GHz and a core number of no less than 6 cores, used to run the system's client programs and process local data. It has good graphics processing capabilities, can smoothly display 3D graphics and animations, and the graphics processing performance is no less than 1000GFLOPS. The memory capacity is no less than 8GB, the storage capacity is no less than 256GB, and fast flash memory (eMMC) or solid-state drive (SSD) is used to ensure the rapid startup and operation of the system and applications;

[0042] The communication module supports 4G / 5G network communication and Wi-Fi communication, ensuring that the terminal can quickly transmit data and interact remotely with the server. In the 4G network environment, the data transmission rate is not less than 100Mbps, and in the 5G network environment, the data transmission rate is not less than 1Gbps. Wi-Fi communication supports dual-band (2.4GHz and 5GHz), with high connection stability, which can meet the needs of users in different network environments;

[0043] The sensor components, including accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers, are used to sense the posture and position changes of the terminal and provide support for user interaction in 3D simulation. It can accurately obtain the terminal's rotation, tilt posture information, and direction information in real time with an accuracy of less than 0.5 degrees. At the same time, it is also equipped with a camera to capture real-world scene images and support the implementation of AR functions. The camera resolution is not less than 12 million pixels and can capture clear images and videos.

[0044] The battery module has a battery capacity of no less than 8000mAh, which can provide the terminal with long battery life. Under normal use, the battery life is no less than 6 hours. It supports fast charging technology with a charging power of no less than 30W, which can charge the battery in a short time, making it convenient for users to use the terminal to view and operate the three-dimensional simulation of land space planning and surveying anytime and anywhere.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] The "three-dimensional simulation system for national land space planning and surveying" of the present invention has many significant beneficial effects, bringing innovative changes and improvements to national land space planning work.

[0047] Through comprehensive data collection and processing modules, innovative data outlier detection formulas and other technologies are used to ensure data accuracy and consistency. It can collect richer data types, including underground pipeline data, etc. The accuracy of terrain data collection reaches decimeter level, and the accuracy of building data reaches centimeter level, providing a reliable foundation for detailed planning. After data cleaning, the efficiency is over 95%, which greatly improves data quality and reduces the impact of erroneous data on planning.

[0048] The 3D modeling module uses advanced algorithms and innovative surface fitting formulas to build a high-precision 3D model that can accurately reflect natural geographical elements and architectural details, with geometric accuracy errors controlled within ±0.5 meters. The model can automatically adjust the level of detail according to different observation distances, balancing performance and display effects, and achieving a true restoration of the national space, allowing planners to more intuitively understand the status quo and characteristics of the planning area.

[0049] The planning scheme import and editing module supports multiple operations and real-time parameter adjustment. The legality check formula ensures that the planning scheme complies with regulations and specifications, with an accuracy rate of more than 98%. Multi-person online collaborative editing, version management and real-time communication functions improve team collaboration efficiency, making the formulation of planning schemes more efficient and scientific, and reducing problems caused by poor communication and operational errors.

[0050] The simulation and analysis module has added functions such as ecosystem service value assessment, enriching the simulation scenarios. The accuracy and reliability of functions such as sunshine analysis and ventilation simulation have been improved, providing a more comprehensive reference for planning. Ecosystem service value assessment can quantify the impact of planning on ecology and promote ecological protection and sustainable development. Through the scenario simulation function, users can customize development scenarios, provide forward-looking guidance for planning decisions, and help decision makers deal with possible problems in the future in advance.

[0051] The output and sharing module supports multiple forms of output, such as VR and AR experience files, which enhances the display effect and user experience. The video animation is high-definition and smooth, and the data reports are intuitive and clear, which makes it easy for users to understand and use the planning results. The data sharing function supports multiple protocols and interfaces, with a sharing success rate of over 95%, which promotes collaboration and information flow between departments and improves the integrity and coordination of national land space planning. The intelligent decision support module provides scientific and quantitative decision-making suggestions for planning based on big data and machine learning algorithms. The scheme comparison function helps to quickly select the optimal scheme, and the accuracy of decision-making suggestions is over 80%, which improves the scientificity and rationality of planning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of a three-dimensional simulation system for national land space planning and surveying proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise" and "counterclockwise" indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0055] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0056] Reference Figure 1 :A three-dimensional simulation system for national land space planning and mapping, including:

[0057] The data collection and processing module is used to collect national land space data from various sources, including terrain data, landform data, land use data, building data, traffic data, water system data, vegetation data and underground pipeline data. It has powerful data cleaning, denoising and format conversion functions to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data. Using data quality assessment algorithms, it automatically identifies and repairs errors and missing values ​​in the data, and the data efficiency after data cleaning reaches more than 95%. It supports the input and output of multiple data formats, such as common geographic information system (GIS) formats and three-dimensional model formats, to facilitate data interaction with other systems. The collection accuracy of terrain data reaches the decimeter level, and the collection accuracy of building data reaches the centimeter level, so as to achieve a detailed simulation of national land space.

[0058] In data cleaning, the following data outlier detection formula is used:

[0059]

[0060] Where Z i is the standardized value of the ith data point, x i is the value of the data point, is the mean value of the data, and s is the standard deviation of the data. i When |>3, the data point is considered as an outlier and is processed accordingly.

[0061] The 3D modeling module builds high-precision 3D geographic models and building models based on the collected data, and uses advanced modeling algorithms, such as triangulated network modeling and texture mapping technology, to achieve the realism and three-dimensionality of the model. The model can be built according to different levels of detail (LOD) to balance system performance and display effects. When observed at a close distance, the model can show rich details, such as the door and window structure and texture materials of the building; when observed at a distance, the model can be automatically simplified to improve the system operation efficiency. The 3D geographic model can accurately reflect the natural geographical elements of terrain undulations, landform features, water system distribution, and underground geological structure. The 3D building model can accurately restore the appearance, height, and structural information of the building, and the geometric accuracy error of the model is controlled within ±0.5 meters.

[0062] In 3D modeling, the following surface fitting formula is used for terrain modeling:

[0063]

[0064] Where z is the terrain height, x and y are plane coordinates, and a ij The fitting coefficient is obtained by fitting the collected terrain data to obtain an accurate terrain surface model.

[0065] The planning scheme import and editing module allows users to import various national land space planning schemes and perform visual editing and adjustments in a three-dimensional simulation environment. It supports adding, deleting, moving and modifying land use layout, building location, and traffic route elements in the planning scheme. With real-time parameter adjustment function, users can adjust various indicators in the planning scheme as needed, such as building volume ratio, greening rate, and road width, and can see the effect of the adjustment in real time. During the editing process, the system automatically performs a legality check to ensure that the planning scheme complies with relevant laws, regulations and technical specifications, such as building spacing requirements and land use control. The accuracy rate of legality checks reaches more than 98%.

[0066] In the legality check, the following formula is used for the building spacing check:

[0067] d ≥ L × k

[0068] Where d is the actual building spacing, L is the building height, and k is the spacing coefficient determined according to the specifications (such as values according to different regions and building types). When d < L × k, it is determined that the building spacing does not meet the specifications, and the system gives a prompt.

[0069] The simulation and analysis module can perform simulations of multiple scenarios based on the constructed 3D model and the imported planning scheme, including but not limited to sunlight analysis, ventilation simulation, line of sight analysis, flood inundation simulation, traffic flow simulation, and ecosystem service value assessment. Professional simulation algorithms and models are used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results. In sunlight analysis, it can accurately calculate the sunlight duration and shadow distribution of buildings at different time periods and seasons, and the error of sunlight analysis is within ±15 minutes. Ventilation simulation can simulate the wind field distribution and air flow conditions under different meteorological conditions, providing a basis for the planning of urban ventilation corridors. Line of sight analysis can calculate the visible range and line of sight obstruction from different observation points to the target point, assisting in the planning of landscape nodes and public spaces. Flood inundation simulation can predict the inundation range and water depth at different flood levels based on terrain and water system data, providing support for flood prevention and disaster reduction planning. Traffic flow simulation can simulate the vehicle driving conditions during peak and off-peak traffic periods, evaluating the rationality of road planning schemes, and the accuracy rate of traffic flow simulation reaches more than 85%. Ecosystem service value assessment can quantify the impact of the planning scheme on ecosystem service functions, such as water conservation, soil conservation, and carbon storage, providing a decision-making basis for ecological protection and sustainable development. This module can also perform quantitative analysis on the simulation results and generate a detailed analysis report, and the report content includes the numerical results of various indicators, chart displays, and problem suggestions.

[0070] In the ecosystem service value assessment, the following calculation formula is used for the water conservation value:

[0071]

[0072] Where V w is the water conservation value, A i is the area of the i-th land use type, P i is the precipitation interception rate of this land use type, and R i is the price of water conservation per unit area (which can be determined through market research or relevant studies). By calculating and summarizing the water conservation values of different land use types, the water conservation value assessment results of the entire region are obtained.

[0073] The output and sharing module supports the output of simulation results in various forms, such as 3D scene screenshots, video animations, data reports, immersive virtual reality (VR) experience files, and augmented reality (AR) scene files. Users can choose different output formats and resolutions as needed to meet different application requirements. The output video animation has high-definition quality, with a resolution of not less than 1920×1080 and a frame rate of more than 30 frames per second, which can smoothly display the effects and changes of the planning scheme. The data report contains detailed simulation data and analysis results, which are presented to users intuitively and clearly in a combination of charts and text. At the same time, the module has data sharing functions, can share and collaborate with other relevant departments or systems, and supports common data sharing protocols and interfaces, such as WebService and RESTfulAPI, to ensure the safe transmission and effective use of data, and the success rate of data sharing reaches more than 95%.

[0074] The intelligent decision support module provides intelligent decision support for national land space planning based on big data analysis and machine learning algorithms. This module can conduct in-depth analysis of historical planning data, simulation results, and related socio-economic data to explore potential patterns and trends in the data. By establishing decision models, such as linear regression models and decision tree models, quantitative decision recommendations are provided for the evaluation and optimization of planning schemes. For example, in land use planning, the benefits and impacts of different land use schemes are predicted based on population growth trends, economic development needs, and ecological protection goals, providing a scientific basis for decision makers. This module also has a scheme comparison function, which can comprehensively evaluate and compare multiple planning schemes, and display the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme in a visual way to help decision makers quickly select the optimal scheme. The decision recommendation accuracy rate of the intelligent decision support module reaches more than 80%, which can effectively improve the scientificity and rationality of national land space planning;

[0075] In the intelligent decision support module, in order to more accurately evaluate the comprehensive benefits of land use planning schemes, the following innovative comprehensive benefit evaluation formula is introduced:

[0076] E=α×S+β×E c +γ×E e

[0077] in:

[0078] E represents the comprehensive benefit evaluation value of the land use planning scheme;

[0079] S represents the social benefit index, which is calculated by the following formula:

[0080]

[0081] P eis the expected number of employed people after the implementation of the plan, P0 is the current number of employed people, and w1 is the employment weight coefficient;

[0082] C s is the expected coverage area of ​​public service facilities after planning, C0 is the current coverage area, and w2 is the public service weight coefficient;

[0083] J r is the expected residents’ satisfaction after planning (which can be quantified through questionnaires, etc., with a value range of 0-1), J0 is the current satisfaction, and w3 is the residents’ satisfaction weight coefficient.

[0084] E c It represents the economic benefit index and is calculated by the following formula:

[0085]

[0086] GDP e is the expected regional GDP growth value after the implementation of the plan, GDP0 is the current regional GDP, and w4 is the GDP growth weight coefficient;

[0087] T r is the expected tax revenue growth rate after planning, T0 is the current tax revenue, and w5 is the tax weight coefficient;

[0088] I a It is the expected industry attractiveness index after planning (obtained through comprehensive evaluation of factors such as industry investment intention and number of settled enterprises, with a value range of 0-1), I0 is the current industry attractiveness index, and w6 is the industry attractiveness weight coefficient.

[0089] E e It represents the ecological benefit index and is calculated by the following formula:

[0090]

[0091] L c is the expected increase in green coverage after planning, L0 is the current green coverage, and w7 is the green coverage weight coefficient;

[0092] W q is the expected water resource quality improvement index after planning (quantified by water quality monitoring data, ranging from 0 to 1), W0 is the current water resource quality index, and w8 is the water resource quality weight coefficient;

[0093] E s is the expected increase in ecosystem service value after planning (which can be calculated using the ecosystem service value assessment method), E0 is the current ecosystem service value, and w9 is the ecosystem service value weight coefficient.

[0094] α, β, and γ are the weight coefficients of social benefits, economic benefits, and ecological benefits, respectively, which are determined according to regional development strategies and planning objectives, and α+β+γ=1.

[0095] Through this comprehensive benefit evaluation formula, the intelligent decision support module can more comprehensively and objectively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different land use planning schemes, providing decision makers with a more scientific and accurate basis for decision making. In practical applications, with the continuous accumulation of data and optimization of the model, the formula can be continuously adjusted and improved to further improve the accuracy and reliability of decision recommendations.

[0096] In the present invention, the three-dimensional modeling module also has a dynamic model update function. When new data is collected or the planning scheme changes, the three-dimensional model can be automatically updated to ensure that the model is consistent with the actual situation. The time interval for model update does not exceed 24 hours, and the consistency between the model and the actual situation after each update is improved by no less than 5%.

[0097] In the present invention, the planning scheme import and editing module supports multi-person online collaborative editing. Different users can edit and modify the planning scheme in a three-dimensional simulation environment at the same time, and see the operation results of other users in real time. It has a version management function, which can record the modification history and version information of the planning scheme, so that users can easily trace back and compare versions. At the same time, it supports real-time communication and exchange functions. Users can communicate and collaborate through text chat and voice calls, and the communication delay time does not exceed 1 second to improve team collaboration efficiency.

[0098] In the present invention, the simulation and analysis module has a scenario simulation function. Users can customize different development scenarios and assumptions, such as population growth, changes in land development intensity, and climate change. The system performs corresponding simulations based on the scenarios set by the user to provide a forward-looking reference for planning decisions. The parameter settings of the scenario simulation are flexible and diverse, which can meet the needs of different users. The simulation results can clearly show the changing trends and potential problems of the national land space under different scenarios.

[0099] In the present invention, in the VR display, the system creates a realistic virtual environment for users through advanced graphics rendering technology and audio processing technology. After the user puts on the VR device, it seems as if he is in a real land space planning scene. Visually, every corner of the planned area can be observed from a 360-degree perspective. Whether it is the macro overall layout of the city or the micro architectural details and landscape design, they can be clearly presented to the user. For example, users can see the exterior material and texture of the building, as well as the surrounding topography, vegetation distribution, etc. All these elements are displayed in a highly realistic form, allowing users to feel the light and shadow effects and sense of space in the real world.

[0100] In terms of hearing, the system simulates the corresponding sound effects according to the characteristics of the planning scene and the environment settings. For example, in the city center, there may be the sound of vehicles driving and the noise of the crowd; in parks or nature reserves, there will be birds singing, wind, water flowing, etc. These sounds cooperate with the visual scenes to further enhance the user's sense of immersion, allowing users to experience the environmental atmosphere brought by the planning scheme more immersively.

[0101] Users can walk freely in the VR environment, just like in the real world. Through the positioning and tracking technology of the VR device, the user's body movements can be reflected in the virtual scene in real time. When the user walks forward, the virtual scene will move forward accordingly, and the user can freely explore various parts of the planned area. This free walking function enables users to observe the planning scheme from different angles and different positions, and better understand the spatial layout and design intent.

[0102] In terms of observation function, users can use the handle of VR device or other interactive devices to zoom in, zoom out, rotate and other operations on the objects of interest. For example, users can observe the internal structure and decoration details of a building up close, or take a detailed look at the terrain of a specific area. At the same time, users can also view relevant planning data and information, such as building attributes, land use planning indicators, etc. This information will be displayed in an intuitive way in front of users, so that users can obtain it at any time.

[0103] Interaction is one of the important features of VR display. Users can interact with elements in the virtual environment, such as opening doors and windows of buildings, changing the location and style of landscape facilities, etc. This interactivity not only increases the user's sense of participation and fun, but also enables users to more intuitively feel the feasibility and effectiveness of planning schemes. For example, users can try to set up park benches, street lights and other facilities in different locations, and observe the impact of these changes on the entire scene through real-time visual feedback, so as to better participate in the evaluation and optimization of planning schemes.

[0104] To ensure a smooth VR experience, the system requires the frame rate of VR display to be no less than 60 frames per second. A high frame rate can ensure the smoothness of the picture, reduce freezes and delays, and prevent users from feeling visual discomfort during movement and observation. Even when processing complex three-dimensional scenes and large amounts of graphic data, the system can stably maintain high frame rate output through technical means such as optimization algorithms and hardware acceleration.

[0105] At the same time, the screen delay does not exceed 20 milliseconds. Low latency is crucial to the user's interactive experience. It ensures that the user's operation can be responded to in the virtual environment in a timely manner, avoiding the inconsistency between the operation and the screen display. For example, when the user turns his head or performs other interactive operations, the virtual scene can change almost in real time with the user's movements, so that the user does not feel obvious delay, thus achieving a more natural and smooth interactive experience.

[0106] The AR display function can perfectly integrate virtual land space planning information with real scenes. Through the camera of the AR device, the system captures images of the real world in real time and overlays virtual planning elements on the images. For example, at a construction site in a city, users can see existing buildings and infrastructure through AR devices. At the same time, the system will display virtual elements such as planned new buildings, roads, parks, etc. in appropriate locations. These virtual elements will be accurately superimposed on the real scene according to their position and size in the plan, allowing users to intuitively see the effect of the planning scheme in the actual environment.

[0107] This integration can not only show the overall layout of the planning scheme, but also reflect the relationship between the plan and the existing environment. Users can clearly see the coordination between the newly planned buildings and the surrounding existing buildings, whether the direction of the roads is reasonable, and whether the setting of public facilities can meet actual needs. For example, when planning a community park, users can use AR to see the location of the park on the real land, as well as its relative relationship with the surrounding residential areas and roads, so as to better evaluate whether the site selection and design of the park are appropriate.

[0108] Similar to VR display, AR display also needs to ensure certain technical performance to provide a good user experience. The frame rate is not less than 60 frames per second to ensure that when running AR applications on mobile devices, the screen can smoothly display the scene that integrates virtual and real life. Even when the user holds the device for mobile observation, there will be no freezing or flickering of the screen, ensuring the stable display of virtual elements in real scenes.

[0109] The screen delay is also controlled to no more than 20 milliseconds, which allows users to get timely feedback when interacting with AR scenes. For example, when users rotate or move virtual planning elements through gestures or other operations, the AR screen can respond quickly, synchronizing the changes of virtual elements with the user's operations, enhancing the user's sense of interaction and immersion in the virtual and real fusion scene.

[0110] The present invention also discloses a device for realizing a three-dimensional simulation system for national land space planning and mapping, comprising:

[0111] High-performance processor, with a main frequency of no less than 3.5GHz and a core number of no less than 10 cores, is used to run the system's complex computing tasks and 3D simulation programs to ensure the system's fast response and smooth operation. It can handle multiple large-scale 3D models and data computing tasks at the same time, with a data processing capacity of no less than 2000GFLOPS (billion floating-point operations per second);

[0112] A large-capacity memory connected to the processor, with a storage capacity of not less than 2TB, using a combination of high-speed solid-state drives (SSDs) and dynamic random access memory (DRAM). SSDs are used to store system programs, three-dimensional model data, and long-term data, and DRAM is used to cache real-time operation data. The data read and write speed is not less than 1500MB / s to meet the needs of fast data storage and reading, ensuring that the system will not freeze when processing large amounts of data;

[0113] Professional graphics processing unit (GPU), with no less than 8GB of video memory and no less than 2560 stream processors, for accelerating the rendering and display of 3D graphics. Supporting OpenGL and DirectX graphics programming interfaces, it can achieve high-quality 3D graphics drawing and real-time rendering, with a graphics rendering frame rate of no less than 60 frames per second, and can ensure the smoothness and realism of the picture when processing complex 3D scenes;

[0114] Multi-channel data communication interfaces, including Ethernet, USB, and HDMI, are used for data transmission and connection with external devices. The Ethernet interface supports Gigabit Ethernet and above, ensuring fast data transmission and stable network connection. The USB interface supports a variety of USB standards, making it easy to connect data acquisition devices, storage devices, and input and output devices. The HDMI interface is used to connect high-definition display devices and supports video output with 4K resolution and above to display high-quality 3D simulation results.

[0115] High-precision positioning and attitude sensors are used to obtain the position and attitude information of the device, providing accurate data support for geographic positioning and perspective switching in 3D simulation. The positioning accuracy reaches the centimeter level, and the attitude measurement accuracy reaches within 0.1 degrees. It can accurately track the position and direction changes of the device in real time, ensuring that users can obtain accurate spatial perception and interactive experience when using the system.

[0116] Preferably, a terminal for running a three-dimensional simulation system for land space planning and surveying includes:

[0117] Touch screen, with a screen size of no less than 27 inches and a display resolution of no less than 2560×1440, supporting touch operation, and a touch response accuracy of no less than 95%. It can clearly display the results of 3D simulation and the system operation interface, and users can interact through touch operations, such as zooming, rotating, and panning 3D scenes, and selecting menu options, providing a convenient user experience;

[0118] Mobile computing platform, using high-performance mobile processor, with a main frequency of no less than 2.8GHz and a core number of no less than 6 cores, used to run the system's client programs and process local data. It has good graphics processing capabilities, can smoothly display 3D graphics and animations, and the graphics processing performance is no less than 1000GFLOPS. The memory capacity is no less than 8GB, the storage capacity is no less than 256GB, and fast flash memory (eMMC) or solid-state drive (SSD) is used to ensure the rapid startup and operation of the system and applications;

[0119] The communication module supports 4G / 5G network communication and Wi-Fi communication, ensuring that the terminal can quickly transmit data and interact remotely with the server. In the 4G network environment, the data transmission rate is not less than 100Mbps, and in the 5G network environment, the data transmission rate is not less than 1Gbps. Wi-Fi communication supports dual-band (2.4GHz and 5GHz), with high connection stability, which can meet the needs of users in different network environments;

[0120] The sensor components, including accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers, are used to sense the posture and position changes of the terminal and provide support for user interaction in 3D simulation. It can accurately obtain the terminal's rotation, tilt posture information, and direction information in real time with an accuracy of less than 0.5 degrees. At the same time, it is also equipped with a camera to capture real-world scene images and support the implementation of AR functions. The camera resolution is not less than 12 million pixels and can capture clear images and videos.

[0121] The battery module has a battery capacity of no less than 8000mAh, which can provide the terminal with long battery life. Under normal use, the battery life is no less than 6 hours. It supports fast charging technology with a charging power of no less than 30W, which can charge the battery in a short time, making it convenient for users to use the terminal to view and operate the three-dimensional simulation of land space planning and surveying anytime and anywhere.

[0122] The above are only preferred specific implementation modes of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can replace or change the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional simulation system for national land space planning and mapping, characterized in that: Including: A data acquisition and processing module, which is used to collect national land spatial data from multiple sources, including topographic data, geomorphic data, land use data, building data, traffic data, water system data, vegetation data, and underground pipeline data. It uses a data quality assessment algorithm to automatically identify and repair errors and missing values in the data. The effective rate of the data after cleaning reaches over 95%. It supports the input and output of Geographic Information System (GIS) format and 3D model format. In data cleaning, the following data outlier detection formula is adopted: Where Z i is the standardized value of the ith data point, x i is the value of the data point, is the mean value of the data, and s is the standard deviation of the data. i When |>3, the data point is considered as an outlier and is processed accordingly; A 3D modeling module, which constructs a 3D geographical model and a building model based on the collected data. It uses triangulation network modeling and texture mapping modeling algorithms to achieve the realism and three-dimensional sense of the model. The model is constructed according to different Levels of Detail (LOD). When observed closely, the model shows rich details, including the door and window structures and texture materials of the buildings. When observed from a distance, the model is automatically simplified. The 3D geographical model reflects natural geographical elements such as terrain undulations, geomorphic features, water system distributions, and underground geological structures. The 3D building model can accurately restore the appearance, height, and structural information of the building. The geometric accuracy error of the model is controlled within ±0.5 meters; In 3D modeling, the following surface fitting formula is adopted for terrain modeling: Where Z is the terrain height, x and y are plane coordinates, and a ij is the fitting coefficient, and the terrain surface model is obtained by fitting the collected terrain data; A planning scheme import and editing module, which allows users to import various national land spatial planning schemes and perform visual editing and adjustment in a 3D simulation environment. It supports operations such as adding, deleting, moving, and modifying elements of land use layout, building location, and traffic lines in the planning scheme. Users can adjust various indicators in the planning scheme as needed, such as building plot ratio, greening rate, and road width, and can see the adjusted effects in real time. During the editing process, the system automatically conducts a legality check to ensure that the planning scheme complies with relevant laws, regulations, and technical specifications, including building spacing requirements and land use control. The accuracy rate of the legality check reaches over 98%; In the legality check, the following formula is adopted for building spacing check: d≥L×k where d is the actual building spacing, L is the building height, and k is the spacing coefficient determined according to the specification. When d < L×k, it is determined that the building spacing does not meet the specification, and the system gives a prompt; The simulation and analysis module simulates various scenarios based on the constructed 3D model and the imported planning scheme, including sunshine analysis, ventilation simulation, sight analysis, flood simulation, traffic flow simulation, and ecosystem service value assessment. The simulation algorithm and model are used to accurately calculate the sunshine duration and shadow distribution of buildings in different time periods and seasons in sunshine analysis. The error of sunshine analysis is within ±15 minutes. Ventilation simulation can simulate the wind field distribution and air flow under different meteorological conditions, providing a basis for urban ventilation corridor planning. Sight analysis can calculate the visible range and sight obstruction from different observation points to the target point, and assist in planning landscape nodes and public spaces. Flood inundation simulation can predict the inundation range and water depth under different flood levels based on terrain and water system data, providing support for flood prevention and disaster reduction planning. Traffic flow simulation can simulate vehicle driving conditions during peak and low traffic periods to evaluate the rationality of road planning schemes. The accuracy of traffic flow simulation is over 85%. Ecosystem service value assessment quantifies the impact of planning schemes on ecosystem service functions, including water conservation, soil conservation, and carbon storage, providing a decision-making basis for ecological protection and sustainable development. In the assessment of ecosystem service value, the following calculation formula is used for water conservation value: Where V w A is the water conservation value, i is the area of ​​the first land use type, P i is the precipitation interception rate of the land use type, R i is the water conservation price per unit area; The output and sharing module supports the output of simulation results in various forms, including 3D scene screenshots, video animations, data reports, immersive virtual reality VR experience files, and augmented reality AR scene files; The intelligent decision support module provides intelligent decision support for national land space planning based on big data analysis and machine learning algorithms. It conducts in-depth analysis of historical planning data, simulation results and related socio-economic data, explores potential patterns and trends in the data, and provides quantitative decision-making recommendations for the evaluation and optimization of planning schemes by establishing linear regression models and decision tree models.

2. The three-dimensional simulation system for national land space planning and mapping according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The 3D modeling module also has a dynamic model update function. When new data is collected or the planning scheme changes, the 3D model can be automatically updated to ensure that the model is consistent with the actual situation. The time interval for model update does not exceed 24 hours, and the consistency between the model and the actual situation after each update is improved by no less than 5%.

3. The three-dimensional simulation system for national land space planning and mapping according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The planning scheme import and editing module supports multi-person online collaborative editing. Different users can edit and modify the planning scheme in a three-dimensional simulation environment at the same time and see the operation results of other users in real time. It has a version management function and can record the modification history and version information of the planning scheme, which is convenient for users to trace and compare versions. It supports real-time communication functions. Users communicate and collaborate through text chat and voice calls. The communication delay time does not exceed 1 second to improve team collaboration efficiency.

4. The three-dimensional simulation system for national land space planning and mapping according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The simulation and analysis module has a scenario simulation function. Users can customize different development scenarios and assumptions, including population growth, changes in land development intensity, and climate change. The system performs corresponding simulations based on the scenarios set by the users, providing forward-looking references for planning decisions.

5. The three-dimensional simulation system for national land space planning and mapping according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The results output and sharing module supports virtual reality VR and augmented reality AR displays. Users can immersively experience the effects of national land space planning through VR devices or AR devices. In the VR display, a full range of visual and auditory experiences are provided. Users can walk, observe and interact freely to feel the real scene of the planning scheme. In the AR display, virtual planning information is integrated with the real scene to provide users with a more intuitive display effect and enhance their understanding and cognition of the planning scheme. The frame rate of VR and AR displays shall not be less than 60 frames per second, and the picture delay shall not exceed 20 milliseconds.

6. A device for implementing the three-dimensional simulation system for national land space planning and mapping as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: High-performance processor, with a main frequency of no less than 3.5GHz and a core number of no less than 10 cores, used to run the system's complex computing tasks and 3D simulation programs, ensuring the system's fast response and smooth operation, with a data processing capacity of no less than 2000GFLOPS; A large-capacity memory, connected to the processor, with a storage capacity of not less than 2TB, using a combination of a high-speed solid-state drive SSD and a dynamic random access memory DRAM, the SSD is used to store system programs, three-dimensional model data and long-term data, and the DRAM is used to cache real-time operation data, with a data read and write speed of not less than 1500MB / s; Professional graphics processing unit GPU, with no less than 8GB of video memory and no less than 2560 stream processors, is used to accelerate the rendering and display of 3D graphics. It supports OpenGL and DirectX graphics programming interfaces, and the graphics rendering frame rate is no less than 60 frames per second, which can ensure the smoothness and realism of the picture when processing complex 3D scenes; Multi-channel data communication interface, including Ethernet interface, USB interface, HDMI interface, used for data transmission and connection with external devices. The Ethernet interface supports Gigabit Ethernet and above. The USB interface supports multiple USB standards, which is convenient for connecting data acquisition equipment, storage devices and input and output devices. The HDMI interface is used to connect high-definition display devices and supports video output with 4K resolution and above. High-precision positioning and attitude sensors are used to obtain the location and attitude information of the device, providing accurate data support for geographic positioning and perspective switching in three-dimensional simulation. The positioning accuracy reaches the centimeter level, and the attitude measurement accuracy reaches within 0.1 degrees. It can accurately track the position and direction changes of the device in real time.

7. A terminal for running the national land space planning and mapping three-dimensional simulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: Touch screen, with a screen size of no less than 27 inches and a display resolution of no less than 2560×1440, supporting touch operation, with a touch response accuracy of no less than 95%. Users can interact through touch operation, including zooming, rotating, and panning 3D scenes, and selecting menu options, providing a convenient user experience; Mobile computing platform, using high-performance mobile processor, with a main frequency of no less than 2.8GHz and a core number of no less than 6 cores, used to run the system's client programs and process local data, with good graphics processing capabilities, graphics processing performance of no less than 1000GFLOPS, memory capacity of no less than 8GB, storage capacity of no less than 256GB, using fast flash memory eMMC or solid-state drive SSD; Communication module, supporting 4G / 5G network communication and Wi-Fi communication. In the 4G network environment, the data transmission rate is not less than 100Mbps, and in the 5G network environment, the data transmission rate is not less than 1Gbps. Wi-Fi communication supports dual-band 2.4GHz and 5GHz; Sensor components, including accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers, are used to sense the posture and position changes of the terminal, and obtain the rotation, tilt posture information, and direction information of the terminal in real time and accurately, with an accuracy of less than 0.5 degrees. It is equipped with a camera to collect images of real scenes and support the realization of AR functions. The camera resolution is not less than 12 million pixels and can capture clear images and videos; The battery module has a battery capacity of no less than 8000mAh, which can provide the terminal with long-term battery life. Under normal use, the battery life is no less than 6 hours. It supports fast charging technology with a charging power of no less than 30W, and can charge the battery in a short time.

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