Frequency-doubled induction output tube

Abstract

The application provides a frequency multiplication induction output tube, which comprises a grid-controlled electron gun for providing an emitted electron beam, an input cavity for collecting microwave input and density modulating the emitted electron beam, an electron gun insulating ceramic cavity connected with the input cavity, a frequency multiplication output cavity connected with the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity, a coupling hole formed in the frequency multiplication output cavity and a T-shaped waveguide branch connected with the coupling hole, a collector insulating ceramic cavity connected with the frequency multiplication output cavity, and a multi-stage voltage reduction collector connected with the collector insulating ceramic cavity. The frequency multiplication output cavity is used for amplifying the frequency and bandwidth of the density-modulated electron beam by n times, the T-shaped waveguide branch is used for tuning the resonant frequency and Q value and outputting a signal, and the multi-stage voltage reduction collector is used for recycling unused electron energy. The application has the advantages of high energy recycling rate, high frequency processing capability, wide working frequency band, high output power, high stability, long service life, easy structure and low production cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microwave amplifier technology, and more particularly to a frequency doubling induction output tube. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of modern communication technologies and electronic equipment, the demand for high-performance microwave amplification devices is increasing. In recent years, in particular, fields such as millimeter-wave radar, digital television transmitters, particle accelerators, and secure communications have placed higher demands on microwave amplification devices, including higher operating frequencies, wider operating bandwidths, higher efficiency, and longer service life.

[0003] As a compact, high-power microwave amplification device, the inductive output transistor is widely used in the aforementioned fields due to its advantages such as small size, light weight, and high efficiency. While inductive output transistors in related technologies perform well in the low-frequency range, they have the following limitations in high-frequency applications (such as millimeter waves and terahertz):

[0004] Frequency limitation: Inductive output transistors in related technologies are difficult to operate effectively in high-frequency bands, especially in the millimeter-wave and terahertz frequency ranges. This is mainly due to limitations in their structural design, which prevent them from directly generating or amplifying specific high-frequency signals.

[0005] Insufficient efficiency: The low energy recovery rate of the induction output tube in the relevant technology leads to limited overall efficiency, especially at high power output, where energy loss is large and affects the system's energy efficiency ratio.

[0006] Narrow bandwidth: The operating bandwidth of the inductive output transistors in related technologies is relatively narrow, which cannot meet the requirements of multi-band or multi-mode operation. This is a significant limitation for applications that need to process multiple frequencies or wideband signals.

[0007] In addition, some high-performance microwave devices are difficult to manufacture due to their complex internal structure, which increases production costs and difficulty. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention provides a frequency multiplier output transistor, which solves the problem of how to improve the performance of the output transistor in high-frequency applications in terms of frequency, efficiency and bandwidth.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] A frequency multiplier output transistor is provided, comprising:

[0011] A grid-controlled electron gun is used to provide the emitted electron beam;

[0012] An input cavity is used to receive microwave input and to use the input microwave to perform density modulation on the electron beam emitted by the grid-controlled electron gun; a first electron drift channel is provided in the input cavity, and the grid-controlled electron gun passes through the first electron drift channel and is sealed and electrically insulated from it;

[0013] The output end of the input cavity is connected to an electron gun insulating ceramic cavity, and the end of the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity away from the input cavity is connected to a frequency doubling output cavity.

[0014] The frequency doubling output cavity is used to amplify the frequency and bandwidth of the density-modulated electron beam by a factor of n.

[0015] The frequency doubling output cavity has a coupling hole on its peripheral side, and a T-shaped waveguide branch is connected through the coupling hole. The T-shaped waveguide branch is used to tune the resonant frequency and Q value and output a signal.

[0016] The side of the frequency multiplier output cavity away from the input cavity is connected to a collector insulating ceramic cavity, and the end of the collector insulating ceramic cavity away from the frequency multiplier output cavity is connected to a multi-stage step-down collector.

[0017] The multi-stage step-down collector is used to recover unused electron energy.

[0018] In a first possible implementation, the T-shaped waveguide splitter specifically includes a waveguide branch inlet and a waveguide branch outlet, wherein the waveguide branch inlet is connected to the coupling hole;

[0019] The T-shaped waveguide brancher also includes a waveguide short-circuit piston plate and a short-circuit piston plate connecting rod. The waveguide short-circuit piston plate is used to adjust the electrical length within the waveguide, thereby changing the resonant frequency and Q value. The short-circuit piston plate connecting rod is fixedly connected to the waveguide short-circuit piston plate, allowing the piston plate to be moved by an external mechanism.

[0020] In the second possible implementation, the multi-stage step-down collector has a cavity structure, including multiple sets of conical first step-down collectors and a set of U-shaped second step-down collectors used in conjunction with them;

[0021] The width of the first voltage-reducing collector gradually decreases along the reverse direction of the electron beam;

[0022] The larger ends of multiple sets of the first step-down collectors are fixedly connected by insulating ceramic and arranged coaxially along the electron beam;

[0023] The larger end of a set of first step-down collectors located away from the frequency multiplier output cavity is fixedly connected to the open end of the second step-down collector via insulating ceramic.

[0024] Based on the second possible implementation, in the third possible implementation, the frequency doubling output cavity is provided with a second electron drift channel coaxial with the electron beam;

[0025] The second electron drift channel is provided with a spherical protrusion anode head with focusing function at one end near the insulating ceramic cavity of the electron gun; the second electron drift channel includes two tapered portions whose width gradually decreases from the sidewall of the frequency doubling output cavity to its interior.

[0026] The gap between the two tapered portions forms the frequency doubling output cavity gap.

[0027] Based on the third possible implementation, in the fourth possible implementation, the smaller end of a set of first step-down collectors near the frequency multiplier output cavity is the same as the maximum diameter of the second electron drift channel, and extends into the collector insulating ceramic cavity and is coaxially arranged with the second electron drift channel.

[0028] In the fifth possible implementation, n is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 10.

[0029] In the sixth possible implementation, the input cavity, the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity, the frequency multiplier output cavity, the collector insulating ceramic cavity, and the multi-stage step-down collector are all coaxially arranged cylindrical structures.

[0030] In the seventh possible implementation, the input cavity and the frequency doubling output cavity are re-entrant cylindrical structures, dumbbell-shaped structures, rectangular structures, elliptical resonant cavity structures, or trapezoidal slot extended interaction resonant cavity structures.

[0031] Based on the seventh possible implementation, in the eighth possible implementation, the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the input cavity and the frequency-doubled output cavity are changed by altering at least one of the following factors:

[0032] Shape, volume, position and angle of coupling ring, thickness of resonant cavity gap, and distance of resonant cavity gap.

[0033] In the ninth possible implementation, the number of electrodes in the multi-stage step-down collector is no more than five.

[0034] The resonant frequency and bandwidth of the frequency-doubling output cavity in this application are n times that of the input cavity, achieving the goal of increasing the operating frequency and bandwidth. Simultaneously, the use of a multi-stage step-down collector with high recovery efficiency significantly improves the efficiency of the induction output tube. The frequency-doubling output cavity employs a novel T-shaped waveguide brancher for loading to achieve tuning of the resonant frequency and Q value, which greatly increases the output power of the output cavity and also extends the lifespan of the frequency-doubling output tube. Compared to traditional induction output tube structures, this structure boasts higher efficiency, higher operating frequency, wider bandwidth, and longer lifespan. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is an axial cross-sectional view of a frequency multiplier output tube provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure label:

[0037] Grid-controlled electron gun 100; cathode 101; thermal element 102; grid 103;

[0038] Input cavity 200; coaxial input cable 201;

[0039] Electron gun insulating ceramic cavity 300;

[0040] Frequency doubling output cavity 400; second electron drift channel 401; anode head 402; frequency doubling output cavity gap 403;

[0041] T-type waveguide splitter 500; waveguide branch inlet 501; waveguide branch outlet 502; waveguide short-circuit piston plate 503; short-circuit piston plate connecting rod 504.

[0042] Collecting the insulating ceramic cavity 600;

[0043] Multi-stage step-down collector 700; first step-down collector 701; second step-down collector 702. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application are clearly described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0046] The steps described in the specification and the flowcharts in the accompanying drawings of this invention are not necessarily strictly executed according to the step numbers; the execution order of the method steps can be changed. Furthermore, certain steps can be omitted, multiple steps can be combined into one step, and / or one step can be broken down into multiple steps.

[0047] The frequency multiplier output tube provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0048] First, the application scenarios of the frequency multiplier output tube in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail.

[0049] An inductively coupled output (ICP) transistor is a density-modulated microwave tube that combines a microwave triode, tetrode, and klystron. It is a compact, high-power microwave amplification device. Compared to klystrons, ICP transistors offer advantages such as smaller size, lighter weight, and higher efficiency, making them particularly suitable for low-frequency applications. Compared to microwave triodes and tetrodes, ICP transistors can operate at higher frequencies, higher power, and have higher gain.

[0050] In recent years, applications such as millimeter-wave radar, digital television transmitters, particle accelerators, and secure communications have placed higher demands on inductive output tubes for higher frequencies (millimeter waves and terahertz), higher efficiency, and wider bandwidth. However, the performance of traditional low-frequency inductive output tubes in related technologies cannot meet market needs.

[0051] To address the technical challenges of frequency limitations, insufficient efficiency, narrow bandwidth, complex manufacturing, and short lifespan in high-frequency applications (such as millimeter waves and terahertz), this application proposes a frequency-doubling induction output tube with high efficiency, high frequency, wide bandwidth, and long lifespan. The efficiency of the induction output tube is improved by employing a multi-stage step-down collector 700 with high recovery efficiency. Simultaneously, a frequency-doubling output cavity 400 is used in the output cavity to achieve n times the frequency of the microwave signal fed into the input cavity 200, thus increasing the bandwidth by n times. A novel T-shaped waveguide brancher 500 is used in the output cavity to achieve tuning of the resonant frequency and Q value, significantly increasing the output power of the output cavity and extending the lifespan of the frequency-doubling output tube. This application provides stable amplification across a higher frequency range while maintaining high energy efficiency and a long lifespan, meeting the requirements of high efficiency, high frequency, wide bandwidth, and long lifespan in modern microwave, millimeter-wave radar, secure communications, particle accelerators, and other related fields.

[0052] Please see Figure 1 This application provides a frequency multiplier output transistor, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0053] A grid-controlled electron gun 100 is used to provide an emitted electron beam. Specifically, the grid-controlled electron gun 100 includes: a cathode 101 with an arc-shaped structure; a thermoelectric core 102 with a spiral structure; and a grid 103 with a mesh structure, which is parallel to the spherical surface of the cathode 101.

[0054] The input cavity 200 is used to receive microwave input and to perform density modulation on the electron beam emitted by the grid-controlled electron gun 100 using the input microwave. A first electron drift channel coaxial with the electron beam is provided in the input cavity 200. The grid-controlled electron gun 100 passes through the first electron drift channel and is sealed and electrically insulated from it. The input cavity 200 is connected to a coaxial input cable 201, which feeds microwaves into the input cavity 200 to provide it with input microwave power.

[0055] The output end of the input cavity 200 is connected to the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity 300, and the end of the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity 300 away from the input cavity 200 is connected to the frequency multiplier output cavity 400.

[0056] The frequency-multiplying output cavity 400 is used to amplify the frequency and bandwidth of the density-modulated electron beam by a factor of n; where n is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 10. The density-modulated electron beam undergoes energy exchange in this output cavity, and the generated high-frequency energy is output to the outside. That is to say, the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the output cavity are n times that of the input cavity 200.

[0057] The frequency doubling output cavity 400 is provided with a second electron drift channel 401 coaxial with the electron beam. The end of the second electron drift channel 401 near the insulating ceramic cavity 300 of the electron gun is provided with a spherical protrusion anode head 402 with focusing function. The second electron drift channel 401 includes two tapered portions whose width gradually decreases from the side wall of the frequency doubling output cavity 400 to its interior. The gap between the two tapered portions forms the frequency doubling output cavity gap 403.

[0058] The frequency multiplier output cavity 400 has a coupling hole on its periphery, through which a T-type waveguide branch 500 is connected. The T-type waveguide branch 500 is used to tune the resonant frequency and Q value and output the signal.

[0059] The T-type waveguide splitter 500 specifically includes a waveguide branch inlet 501 and a waveguide branch outlet 502. The waveguide branch inlet 501 is connected to a coupling hole, through which the signal enters the T-type waveguide splitter 500. After optimizing the output power and efficiency, the signal is output from the waveguide branch outlet 502. The T-type waveguide splitter 500 also includes a waveguide short-circuit piston plate 503 and a short-circuit piston plate connecting rod 504. The waveguide short-circuit piston plate 503 is a movable metal plate used to adjust the electrical length within the waveguide, thereby changing the resonant frequency and Q value. The short-circuit piston plate connecting rod 504 is fixedly connected to the waveguide short-circuit piston plate 503, allowing the piston plate to be moved by an external mechanism. Its position can be adjusted mechanically or electronically.

[0060] The side of the frequency multiplier output cavity 400 away from the input cavity 200 is connected to a collector insulating ceramic cavity 600, and the end of the collector insulating ceramic cavity 600 away from the frequency multiplier output cavity 400 is connected to a multi-stage step-down collector electrode 700.

[0061] The multi-stage step-down collector 700 is used to recover unused electron energy and improve overall efficiency;

[0062] The multi-stage step-down collector 700 has a cavity structure, including multiple sets of conical first step-down collectors 701 and a set of U-shaped second step-down collectors 702 used in conjunction with them; the width of the first step-down collectors 701 gradually decreases along the reverse direction of the electron beam; the larger ends of the multiple sets of first step-down collectors 701 are fixedly connected by insulating ceramic and arranged coaxially along the electron beam; the larger end of the set of first step-down collectors 701 far from the frequency doubling output cavity 400 is fixedly connected to the open end of the second step-down collector 702 by insulating ceramic; the smaller end of the set of first step-down collectors 701 close to the frequency doubling output cavity 400 has the same maximum diameter as the second electron drift channel 401 and extends into the collector insulating ceramic cavity 600 and is arranged coaxially with the second electron drift channel 401.

[0063] In some possible implementations, the input cavity 200, the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity 300, the frequency multiplier output cavity 400, the collector insulating ceramic cavity 600, and the multi-stage step-down collector electrode 700 are all cylindrical structures, and are coaxially arranged. Specifically: the input cavity 200 and the frequency multiplier output cavity 400 are re-entrant metal cylindrical structures; the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity 300 between the input cavity 200 and the frequency multiplier output cavity 400 adopts a hollow cylindrical structure; the insulating ceramics between the electrodes of the multi-stage step-down collector electrode 700 all adopt hollow cylindrical structures.

[0064] Further, the input cavity 200 and the frequency-doubled output cavity 400 can be a re-entrant cylindrical structure, a dumbbell-shaped structure, a rectangular structure, an elliptical resonant cavity structure or a trapezoidal groove extended interaction resonant cavity structure.

[0065] In specific implementation, the resonant frequencies and bandwidths of the input cavity 200 and the frequency-doubled output cavity 400 are changed by changing at least one of the following factors: shape, volume, position and angle of the coupling ring, thickness of the resonant cavity gap and distance of the resonant cavity gap.

[0066] In some possible implementation manners, the insulating ceramic between the electrodes of the multi-stage depressed collector 700 is alumina ceramic material.

[0067] In some possible implementation manners, the number of electrodes of the multi-stage depressed collector 700 does not exceed 5.

[0068] The working process or principle of this application is as follows:

[0069] When the frequency-doubled inductive output tube works, the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the frequency-doubled output cavity 400 are n times that of the input cavity 200, achieving the purpose of increasing the working frequency and bandwidth; at the same time, the multi-stage depressed collector 700 with high recovery efficiency can greatly improve the efficiency of the inductive output tube; the frequency-doubled output cavity 400 adopts a new type of T-shaped waveguide splitter 500 to load and realize the tuning of the resonant frequency and Q value, which can greatly improve the output power of the output cavity and also extend the service life of the frequency-doubled output tube. Compared with the traditional inductive output tube structure, this structure has higher efficiency, higher working frequency, wider bandwidth and longer service life.

[0070] By adopting the multi-stage depressed collector, this application can effectively recover the unused electron energy, thereby greatly improving the overall energy conversion efficiency. This not only reduces energy waste but also lowers the operating cost. The frequency-doubled output cavity can amplify the frequency of the input microwave signal by n times (1 < n ≤ 10) and correspondingly expand the bandwidth. This ability makes the device particularly suitable for applications that require higher frequencies and wider bandwidths, such as millimeter-wave radars, digital TV transmitters, etc. The design of the new type of T-shaped waveguide splitter optimizes the resonant frequency and Q value, improves the output power while enhancing the stability of the device, thereby extending the service life of the device. The structure of this application is relatively simple, which makes the manufacturing process easier, reduces the production cost, and is convenient for maintenance and repair. By changing the shape, volume, position and angle of the coupling ring, thickness of the resonant cavity gap and distance of the resonant cavity gap of the input cavity and the frequency-doubled output cavity, the resonant frequency and bandwidth can be flexibly adjusted to meet different application requirements. Due to its characteristics of high efficiency, high frequency and wide band, this inductive output tube is applicable to a variety of high-frequency microwave application fields, including but not limited to millimeter-wave radars, digital TV transmitters, particle accelerators and secure communications, etc.

[0071] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0072] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A frequency multiplier output transistor, characterized in that, include: A grid-controlled electron gun is used to provide the emitted electron beam; An input cavity is used to receive microwave input and to use the input microwave to perform density modulation on the electron beam emitted by the grid-controlled electron gun; a first electron drift channel is provided in the input cavity, and the grid-controlled electron gun passes through the first electron drift channel and is sealed and electrically insulated from it; The output end of the input cavity is connected to an electron gun insulating ceramic cavity, and the end of the electron gun insulating ceramic cavity away from the input cavity is connected to a frequency doubling output cavity. The frequency doubling output cavity is used to amplify the frequency and bandwidth of the density-modulated electron beam by a factor of n; where n is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 10. The frequency doubling output cavity has a coupling hole on its peripheral side, and a T-shaped waveguide branch is connected through the coupling hole. The T-shaped waveguide branch is used to tune the resonant frequency and Q value and output a signal. The side of the frequency multiplier output cavity away from the input cavity is connected to a collector insulating ceramic cavity, and the end of the collector insulating ceramic cavity away from the frequency multiplier output cavity is connected to a multi-stage step-down collector. The multi-stage step-down collector is used to recover unused electron energy; The T-shaped waveguide splitter specifically includes a waveguide branch inlet and a waveguide branch outlet, wherein the waveguide branch inlet is connected to the coupling hole; The T-shaped waveguide brancher also includes a waveguide short-circuit piston plate and a short-circuit piston plate connecting rod. The waveguide short-circuit piston plate is used to adjust the electrical length within the waveguide, thereby changing the resonant frequency and Q value. The short-circuit piston plate connecting rod is fixedly connected to the waveguide short-circuit piston plate, allowing the piston plate to be moved by an external mechanism. The multi-stage step-down collecting electrode has a cavity structure, including multiple sets of conical first step-down collecting electrodes and a set of U-shaped second step-down collecting electrodes used in conjunction with them; The width of the first voltage-reducing collector gradually decreases along the reverse direction of the electron beam; The larger ends of multiple sets of the first step-down collectors are fixedly connected by insulating ceramic and arranged coaxially along the electron beam; The larger end of a set of first step-down collectors located away from the frequency multiplier output cavity is fixedly connected to the open end of the second step-down collector via insulating ceramic.

2. The frequency multiplier output tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency doubling output cavity is provided with a second electron drift channel coaxial with the electron beam; The second electron drift channel is provided with a spherical protrusion anode head with focusing function at one end near the insulating ceramic cavity of the electron gun; the second electron drift channel includes two tapered portions whose width gradually decreases from the sidewall of the frequency doubling output cavity to its interior. The gap between the two tapered portions forms the frequency doubling output cavity gap.

3. The frequency multiplier output tube according to claim 2, characterized in that, The smaller end of a set of first step-down collectors near the frequency multiplier output cavity has the same maximum diameter as the second electron drift channel and extends into the collector insulating ceramic cavity, coaxially arranged with the second electron drift channel.

4. The frequency multiplier output tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input cavity, electron gun insulating ceramic cavity, frequency doubling output cavity, collector insulating ceramic cavity, and multi-stage step-down collector are all coaxial cylindrical structures.

5. The frequency multiplier output tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input cavity and the frequency doubling output cavity are re-entrant cylindrical structures, dumbbell-shaped structures, elliptical resonant cavity structures, or trapezoidal slot extended interaction resonant cavity structures.

6. The frequency multiplier output tube according to claim 5, characterized in that, The resonant frequency and bandwidth of the input cavity and the frequency-doubled output cavity can be changed by altering at least one of the following factors: Shape, volume, position and angle of coupling ring, thickness of resonant cavity gap, and distance of resonant cavity gap.

7. The frequency multiplier output tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of electrodes in a multi-stage step-down collector is no more than 5.

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