Fuel cell system utilizing high-temperature air after air compressor and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell system utilizing high-temperature air generated by an air compressor and a control method, end plates at two ends of a galvanic pile are heated by utilizing the high-temperature air generated by the air compressor, so that the influence on the use performance of the galvanic pile due to liquid water generated when gas entering the pile encounters the end plates with relatively low temperature can be prevented; and moreover, the overall uniformity of the temperature of the electric pile can be improved, and the single-low phenomenon of the electric pile can be obviously prevented. Through the control method disclosed by the invention, liquid water generated when the gas enters the pile is cooled can be reduced, the single-low phenomenon of the electric pile is improved, and the reason of the single-low phenomenon of the electric pile can be checked based on the control method. According to the fuel cell system and the control method, the design is simple, additional heating equipment is not added, and the effect of improving the overall output efficiency of the fuel cell is obvious.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a fuel cell system and a control method utilizing high-temperature air after an air compressor. Background Art

[0002] The fuel cell system generally includes an air circuit, a hydrogen circuit and a cooling system circuit. The air circuit is composed of an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler and a membrane humidifier. The external air is pressurized by the air compressor and then cooled by the intercooler, then humidified by the membrane humidifier, and finally provided to the fuel cell stack for reaction. The hydrogen circuit is composed of a hydrogen cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, an ejector and a water-steam separator. The hydrogen cylinder supplies high-pressure hydrogen, which is supplied to the ejector after the pressure is adjusted by the pressure reducing valve. The high-pressure hydrogen is ejected through the nozzle to accelerate the unreacted hydrogen in the stack. The fresh hydrogen and the reflux hydrogen are mixed and supplied to the stack for reaction.

[0003] At both ends of the stack, i.e., the air inlet and blind ends of the stack, due to the high thermal conductivity of the end plates, the temperature of the single cells near the two ends of the stack is usually low, and the battery temperature will be too low, resulting in a decrease in the service life of the stack. In addition, since the surface temperature of the air inlet and blind end plates of the stack is relatively low, the air humidified by the membrane humidifier in the air path will condense into liquid water when it encounters cold at the end plates; similarly, there is a large amount of liquid water and water vapor in the tail discharge of the anode of the stack, and some liquid water is still ejected and refluxed after separation by the steam-water separator, and since the temperature of the new hydrogen is relatively low, part of the water vapor is further condensed to form liquid water in the mixing section of the ejector, so that the hydrogen supplied to the stack contains both liquid water and gaseous water, and the liquid water in the mixed hydrogen flows with the air flow and is then brought into the stack, mainly distributed in the first few sections of the stack. At the same time, the water vapor in the mixed hydrogen will encounter cold at the end plates of the stack and condense to form liquid water. Due to the occurrence of the above situation, a single low phenomenon will appear at the air inlet and blind ends of the fuel cell stack, resulting in poor consistency of the fuel cell stack and inconsistent life attenuation.

[0004] The existing technology avoids or reduces the amount of liquid water entering the reaction cell by installing dummy plates at the air inlet and blind ends; there are also technologies that install heating plates at the air inlet and blind end plates to increase the temperature of the end plates and reduce the condensation of water vapor, thereby achieving control of liquid water. The design and installation of dummy plates and heating plates are relatively complex, and have high requirements for assembly and sealing. There is also a certain risk of leakage when heating the end plates by installing heating plates. There are also technologies that use the heat of the stack coolant to heat the fuel cell end plates, but they do not provide a complete set of control methods, and cannot achieve reasonable control of the end plate temperature, nor can they optimize and improve the problem of low voltage caused by low actual end plate temperature. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the defects and shortcomings in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes a fuel cell system and a control method that utilizes the high-temperature air after an air compressor.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present invention is: a fuel cell system utilizing high-temperature air after an air compressor, comprising an air compressor, an intercooler, a membrane humidifier, a fuel cell stack, a three-way valve, a temperature sensor and a patrol controller, the fuel cell stack comprising an intake end plate and a blind end plate, the intake end plate and the blind end plate are both provided with heating chamber flow channels, the intake end plate is provided with a fuel cell stack intake end plate temperature sensor, and the blind end plate is provided with a fuel cell stack blind end plate temperature sensor; the outlet of the air compressor is connected to the inlet of the first three-way valve, the outlet of the first three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the intercooler, and the bypass outlet of the first three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the second three-way valve; the outlet of the intercooler is connected to the inlet of the membrane humidifier, and the outlet of the membrane humidifier is connected to A stack air intake temperature sensor is provided on the pipeline connected to the air inlet on the intake end plate; the outlet of the second three-way valve is connected to the air inlet of the heating chamber of the intake end plate, and the air outlet of the heating chamber of the intake end plate is used to discharge the air flowing through its heating chamber, and the bypass outlet of the second three-way valve is connected to the air inlet of the heating chamber of the blind end plate, and the air outlet of the heating chamber of the blind end plate is used to discharge the air flowing through its heating chamber; a stack hydrogen intake temperature sensor is provided on the pipeline of the hydrogen inlet where hydrogen enters the intake end plate; the opening of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve can be controlled by monitoring the temperature difference among the stack intake end plate temperature sensor, the stack air intake temperature sensor, the stack hydrogen intake temperature sensor and the stack blind end plate temperature sensor.

[0007] Furthermore, a patrol controller is provided on the battery stack for monitoring the voltage of the single cells in the battery stack, and the openings of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve can be adjusted according to the monitored voltage.

[0008] Furthermore, heat conducting sheets are provided in the heating cavities of the air inlet end plate and the blind end plate.

[0009] Furthermore, a stack inlet end plate outlet pressure sensor is provided in the heating cavity of the inlet end plate, a blind end plate outlet pressure sensor is provided in the heating cavity of the blind end plate, and a post-pressure pressure sensor is provided on the pipeline connecting the bypass outlet of the first three-way valve and the inlet of the second three-way valve.

[0010] The present invention also provides a control method for a fuel cell system using high-temperature air after an air compressor, which uses the above-mentioned fuel cell system using high-temperature air after an air compressor, and specifically includes the following contents:

[0011] The stack air inlet temperature T19 and the stack hydrogen inlet temperature T20 are obtained through the stack air inlet temperature sensor and the stack hydrogen inlet temperature sensor, compared with the inlet end plate temperature T15 and the blind end plate temperature T16, and then the opening degrees of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve are controlled according to the comparison results. Moreover, the opening degree value V5 of the first three-way valve flowing to the end plate is always not higher than the preset maximum opening degree V5max.

[0012] Further, by comparing the stack air inlet temperature T19 and the stack hydrogen inlet temperature T20 with the inlet end plate temperature T15, and comparing the difference between the blind end plate temperature T16 and the inlet end plate temperature T15 with the preset value Td, the opening degrees of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve are controlled according to the comparison results.

[0013] Further, when the inlet end plate temperature T15 ≥ max{T19, T20}, and the blind end plate temperature T16 is always higher than the inlet end plate temperature T15 and the difference is not less than the preset value Td, the opening degree value V5 of the first three-way valve and the opening degree value V6 of the second three-way valve reach the preliminary expected values.

[0014] Further, when the inlet end plate temperature T15 < min{T19, T20}, or the blind end plate temperature T16 < T15 + Td, if V5 < V5max, the opening degree V5 of the first three-way valve is increased, and the opening degree V6 of the second three-way valve flowing to the end plate is adjusted until the opening degree value V5 of the first three-way valve and the opening degree value V6 of the second three-way valve reach the preliminary expected values; if V5 = V5max is satisfied, only the opening degree V6 of the second three-way valve is adjusted until the opening degree value V5 of the first three-way valve and the opening degree value V6 of the second three-way valve reach the preliminary expected values.

[0015] Further, when the inlet end plate temperature T15 ≥ max{T19, T20}, and T16 ≥ T15 + Td, the inspection controller monitors the single-cell voltage in the stack and determines whether there is a single low phenomenon in the cells near the inlet end plate. In the case where there is a single low phenomenon in the cells near the inlet end plate, if T15 < T15max and V5 < V5max, the temperature upper limit T15max is set according to the stack's own structure and energy output efficiency, then the opening degree V5 of the first three-way valve is increased, and the opening degree V6 of the second three-way valve flowing to the end plate is adjusted until the single low phenomenon of the cells at the inlet end plate disappears; if T15 < T15max and V5 = V5max, only the opening degree V6 of the second three-way valve is adjusted until the single low phenomenon of the cells at the inlet end plate disappears; if T15 = T15max and the single low phenomenon of the cells at the inlet end plate has not disappeared yet, the opening degrees of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve are no longer adjusted.

[0016] Further, when the temperature T15 of the intake end plate ≥ max{T19, T20} and T16 ≥ T15 + Td, the inspection controller monitors the voltages of all single cells of the stack and determines whether there is a single low phenomenon in the cells near the blind end. In the case where a single low phenomenon occurs in the cells near the blind end, if T16 < T16max and V5 < V5max, where the temperature upper limit T16max is set according to the stack's own structure and energy output efficiency, the opening V5 of the first three-way valve is increased, and the opening V6 of the second three-way valve flowing to the end plate is adjusted until the single low phenomenon of the cells at the blind end plate disappears; if T16 < T16max and V5 = V5max, only the opening V6 of the second three-way valve is adjusted until the single low phenomenon of the cells at the blind end plate disappears; if the temperature T16 of the blind end plate = T16max and the single low phenomenon of the cells at the blind end plate has not disappeared, the openings of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve are no longer adjusted.

[0017] Further, the outlet pressure sensors of the intake end plate and the blind end plate of the stack are respectively compared with the post-pressure sensor to monitor whether the heating chambers of the intake end plate and the blind end plate of the stack are operating well.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. After the air is pressurized by the air compressor, its temperature will rise. A part of the pressurized high-temperature air is led through the three-way valve to supply the two end plates of the stack. The high-temperature air flows through the inner cavity of the end plate, and there are heat-conducting fins in the cavity. The high-temperature air will transfer heat to the heat-conducting fins, and the heat-conducting fins will transfer the heat to the end plate body, causing the surface of the end plate to heat up. The water vapor entering the stack will no longer condense into liquid water when it encounters the hotter end plate surface, solving the single low problem caused by the condensation of water vapor due to the low temperature of the end plates at both ends of the stack.

[0020] 2. By heating the intake end plate and the blind end plate of the stack, the overall temperature uniformity of the stack can be effectively guaranteed, preventing the single cells at both ends of the stack from having too low temperature and affecting the service life. At the same time, the heat source for heating comes from the pressurized air, without the need to add additional heating devices, improving the overall output efficiency of the fuel cell system. The designed structure for heating the end plate is also simple and convenient, making the overall structure of the fuel cell system more concise.

[0021] 3. The entire stack end plate heating control system also includes air and hydrogen intake temperature sensors and patrol controllers. The temperature sensors can be used to obtain the real-time intake temperatures of the stack air and hydrogen, and the patrol controller can be used to obtain the voltage conditions of all single cells in the stack, especially the cell voltage conditions at the stack intake end and blind end. By comparing the stack intake temperature and the end plate temperature, and combining the voltage signal fed back by the patrol controller, closed-loop control of the stack end plate heating is performed to achieve flow control of pressurized high-temperature air in each supply direction, and it is also convenient for the fuel cell system to troubleshoot the cause of the single low phenomenon. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The disclosure of the present invention will become more easily understood with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that these drawings are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 1 A fuel cell system designed in one embodiment of the present application that utilizes high-temperature air from an air compressor.

[0024] Figure 2 It is an air intake end plate used in one embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a blind end plate used in one embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a control flow chart of a fuel cell system using high-temperature air after an air compressor in one embodiment of the present application.

[0027] In the figure, 1-air compressor, 2-intercooler, 3-membrane humidifier, 4-fuel cell stack, 5-first three-way valve, 6-second three-way valve, 7-third three-way valve, 8-patrol controller, 9-cavity in the end plate, 10-heat conductive plate in the end plate, 11-fuel cell stack inlet end plate, 12-blind end plate, 13-post-compression temperature sensor, 14-post-compression pressure sensor, 15-fuel cell stack inlet end plate temperature sensor, 16-fuel cell stack blind end plate temperature sensor, 17-fuel cell stack inlet end plate outlet pressure sensor, 18-fuel cell stack blind end plate outlet pressure sensor, 19-fuel cell stack air intake temperature sensor, 20-fuel cell stack hydrogen intake temperature sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] Figure 1 The invention is a fuel cell system designed by utilizing high-temperature air after an air compressor, comprising an air compressor 1, an intercooler 2, a membrane humidifier 3, a stack 4, a three-way valve, a temperature sensor and a patrol controller 8, wherein the stack 4 comprises an intake end plate 11 and a blind end plate 12, wherein the intake end plate 11 and the blind end plate 12 are both provided with heating cavity flow channels, the intake end plate 11 is provided with a stack intake end plate temperature sensor 15, and the blind end plate 12 is provided with a stack blind end plate temperature sensor 16; the outlet of the air compressor 1 is connected to the inlet of the first three-way valve 5, the outlet of the first three-way valve 5 is connected to the inlet of the intercooler 2, and the bypass outlet of the first three-way valve 5 is connected to the inlet of the second three-way valve 6; the outlet of the intercooler 2 is connected to the inlet of the membrane humidifier 3, and the outlet of the membrane humidifier 3 is connected to the air inlet on the intake end plate 11, and a stack air intake temperature sensor 19 is provided on the pipeline; the outlet of the second three-way valve 6 is connected to the intake The heating chamber air inlet of the blind end plate 11 is connected, and the air outlet of the heating chamber of the air inlet end plate 11 is used to discharge the air flowing through its heating chamber, and the bypass outlet of the second three-way valve 6 is connected to the heating chamber air inlet of the blind end plate 12, and the air outlet of the heating chamber of the blind end plate 12 is used to discharge the air flowing through its heating chamber; a patrol controller 8 is provided on the battery stack for monitoring the voltage of the single battery in the battery stack; a battery stack hydrogen intake temperature sensor 20 is provided on the hydrogen inlet pipeline of the hydrogen entering the inlet end plate 11; the opening of the first three-way valve 5 and the second three-way valve 6 can be controlled by monitoring the temperature difference among the battery stack intake end plate temperature sensor 15, the battery stack air intake temperature sensor 19, the battery stack hydrogen intake temperature sensor 20 and the battery stack blind end plate temperature sensor 16; the patrol controller 8 is used to monitor the voltage of the single battery in the battery stack, and the opening of the first three-way valve 5 and the second three-way valve 6 can be adjusted according to the monitored voltage.

[0030] In addition, the high-temperature air flowing through the air inlet end plate and the blind end plate heating chamber is collected to the third three-way valve 7, and then mixed and discharged to the membrane humidifier 3 and then discharged to the atmosphere.

[0031] like Figure 2As shown, an end plate inner cavity 9 is provided in the air inlet end plate 11, and the inner cavity is used as a heating cavity. After the pressurized high-temperature air passes through the end plate inner cavity 9, the high-temperature air can heat the air inlet end plate 11. In order to speed up the heating efficiency of the air inlet end plate 11 by the high-temperature air, an end plate inner heat conducting sheet 10 is also provided in the cavity.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, similar to the air inlet end plate 11 , the blind end plate 12 is also provided with a heating cavity and a heat conducting sheet for allowing high-temperature air to heat the blind end plate 12 .

[0033] Furthermore, a stack inlet end plate outlet pressure sensor 17 is provided in the heating chamber of the inlet end plate 11, a blind end plate outlet pressure sensor 18 is provided in the heating chamber of the blind end plate 12, and a post-compression pressure sensor 14 is provided on the pipeline connecting the bypass outlet of the first three-way valve 5 and the inlet of the second three-way valve 6. By comparing the pressure values ​​measured by the stack inlet end plate outlet pressure sensor 17 and the blind end plate outlet pressure sensor 18 with the pressure value of the post-compression pressure sensor 14, it can be determined whether there are leakage or blockage problems in the two end plates, which is convenient for monitoring the operating status of the two end plates.

[0034] In the second aspect, this embodiment also provides a fuel cell system control method using high temperature air after an air compressor. The fuel cell system using high temperature air after an air compressor designed in this embodiment is combined with Figure 4 The control method of this embodiment is specifically described:

[0035] The stack air intake temperature T19 and the hydrogen intake temperature T20 are obtained by the stack air intake temperature sensor 19 and the stack hydrogen intake temperature sensor 20, and compared with the intake end plate temperature T15 and the blind end plate temperature T16, and then the opening of the first three-way valve 5 and the second three-way valve 6 are controlled according to the comparison. At the same time, in order to avoid insufficient air supply to the stack or impact on the stack performance due to excessive opening, the opening value V5 of the first three-way valve 5 to the end plate cannot be higher than the preset maximum opening value V5max under any circumstances.

[0036] First, the stack air intake temperature sensor 19 and the stack hydrogen intake temperature sensor 20 are used to obtain the stack air and hydrogen intake temperatures T19 and T20 in real time, respectively, and then compared with the end plate temperatures T15 and T16. When the intake end plate temperature T15 is lower than the maximum value of the intake temperatures T19 and T20, or the difference between the blind end plate temperature T16 and the intake end plate temperature T15 is less than Td, preliminary control of the end plate heating is required. Considering the position of the blind end plate, the temperature of the blind end plate is required to be slightly higher than the temperature of the intake end plate, and the difference Td is set according to the actual stack model.

[0037] During the opening adjustment process of the three-way valve, when the temperature T15 of the intake end plate is not lower than the maximum value of the intake temperatures T19 and T20, and the difference between the temperature T16 of the blind end plate and the temperature T15 of the intake end plate is not lower than the preset value Td, the opening values V5 of the first three-way valve 5 and V6 of the second three-way valve 6 reach the preliminary expected values, that is, the temperature adjustment of the intake end plate and the blind end plate has reached the preliminary expected values. At this time, the end plate heating control process enters the next stage.

[0038] When the temperature T15 of the intake end plate < max{T19, T20}, or the temperature T16 of the blind end plate < T15 + Td, if V5 < V5max, increase the opening V5 of the first three-way valve 5 and adjust the opening V6 of the second three-way valve 6 flowing to the end plate until the opening values V5 of the first three-way valve 5 and V6 of the second three-way valve 6 reach the preliminary expected values; if V5 has reached V5max, it means that the opening value V5 of the first three-way valve has reached the adjustment upper limit. At this time, only the opening V6 of the second three-way valve can be adjusted until the opening values V5 of the first three-way valve 5 and V6 of the second three-way valve 6 reach the preliminary expected values.

[0039] When the temperature T15 of the intake end plate ≥ max{T19, T20} and T16 ≥ T15 + Td, enter the second control stage. The inspection controller 8 monitors the voltage of the single cells in the stack and determines whether there is a single low phenomenon in the cells near the intake end plate and the blind end plate.

[0040] In the case where there is a single low phenomenon in the cells near the intake end plate, first judge whether the temperature T15 of the intake end plate reaches the temperature upper limit T15max. The setting of this temperature upper limit T15max depends on the structure and materials of the stack and the energy output efficiency of the fuel cell system. The temperature upper limit values of different stacks are different. If the temperature T15 of the intake end plate reaches the temperature upper limit T15max, it is considered that the single low phenomenon in the cells near the intake end plate is not caused by the relatively low temperature of the intake end plate or the single low phenomenon cannot be solved only by adjusting the temperature of the intake end plate. The openings of the first three-way valve 5 and the second three-way valve 6 are not adjusted, and the end plate heating control process ends. If T15 < T15max and V5 < V5max, increase the opening V5 of the first three-way valve 5 and adjust the opening V6 of the second three-way valve 6 flowing to the end plate until the single low phenomenon in the cells near the intake end plate disappears. If T15 < T15max and V5 = V5max, only adjust the opening V6 of the second three-way valve until the single low phenomenon in the cells near the intake end plate disappears.

[0041] Similarly, in the case where a single low phenomenon occurs in the battery near the blind end, if the temperature T16 of the blind end plate reaches the temperature upper limit T16max, and the setting of the temperature upper limit T16max also depends on the structure and materials of the stack and the energy output efficiency of the fuel cell system, it is considered that the single low near the blind end plate is not caused by the relatively low temperature of the blind end plate or the single low phenomenon cannot be solved only by adjusting the temperature of the blind end plate. In this case, the opening degrees of the first three-way valve 5 and the second three-way valve 6 are not adjusted, and the heating control process of the end plate ends. If T16 < T16max and V5 < V5max, the opening degree V5 of the first three-way valve 5 is increased, and the opening degree V6 of the second three-way valve 6 flowing to the end plate is adjusted until the single low phenomenon of the battery at the blind end plate disappears. If T16 < T16max and V5 = V5max, only the opening degree V6 of the second three-way valve is adjusted until the single low phenomenon of the battery at the blind end plate disappears.

[0042] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific / preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several alternatives or modifications can be made to these described embodiments, and these alternative or modified forms should all be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system using high-temperature air from an air compressor, comprising an air compressor (1), an intercooler (2), a membrane humidifier (3), a fuel cell stack (4), a three-way valve and a temperature sensor, characterized in that: The fuel cell stack (4) comprises an intake end plate (11) and a blind end plate (12), wherein the intake end plate (11) and the blind end plate (12) are both provided with a heating cavity flow channel, the intake end plate (11) is provided with a fuel cell stack intake end plate temperature sensor (15), and the blind end plate (12) is provided with a fuel cell stack blind end plate temperature sensor 16; the outlet of the air compressor (1) is connected to the inlet of the first three-way valve (5), the outlet of the first three-way valve (5) is connected to the inlet of the intercooler 2, and the bypass outlet of the first three-way valve (5) is connected to the inlet of the second three-way valve (6); the outlet of the intercooler 2 is connected to the inlet of the membrane humidifier (3), and the outlet of the membrane humidifier (3) is provided with a fuel cell stack air intake temperature sensor (19) on the pipeline connecting the air inlet on the intake end plate (11) ; The outlet of the second three-way valve (6) is connected to the air inlet of the heating chamber of the air inlet end plate (11), and the air outlet of the heating chamber of the air inlet end plate (11) is used to discharge the air flowing through its heating chamber; the bypass outlet of the second three-way valve (6) is connected to the air inlet of the heating chamber of the blind end plate (12), and the air outlet of the heating chamber of the blind end plate (12) is used to discharge the air flowing through its heating chamber; a fuel cell hydrogen intake temperature sensor (20) is provided on the hydrogen inlet pipeline of the hydrogen inlet end plate (11); the opening of the first three-way valve (5) and the second three-way valve (6) can be controlled by monitoring the temperature difference between the fuel cell intake end plate temperature sensor (15), the fuel cell air intake temperature sensor (19), the fuel cell hydrogen intake temperature sensor (20) and the fuel cell blind end plate temperature sensor 16.

2. A fuel cell system using high-temperature air from an air compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery stack is provided with a patrol controller (8) for monitoring the voltage of the single cells in the battery stack and adjusting the openings of the first three-way valve (5) and the second three-way valve (6) according to the monitored voltage.

3. A fuel cell system using high-temperature air from an air compressor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Heat conducting sheets are provided in the heating cavities of the air inlet end plate (11) and the blind end plate (12).

4. A fuel cell system using high-temperature air from an air compressor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A fuel cell stack inlet end plate outlet pressure sensor (17) is provided in the heating chamber of the inlet end plate (11), a blind end plate outlet pressure sensor (18) is provided in the heating chamber of the blind end plate (12), and a post-pressure pressure sensor (14) is provided on the pipeline connecting the bypass outlet of the first three-way valve (5) and the inlet of the second three-way valve (6).

5. A control method for a fuel cell system using high-temperature air after an air compressor, characterized in that: The high-temperature air fuel cell system using an air compressor as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 specifically includes the following contents: The stack air intake temperature T19 and the hydrogen intake temperature T20 are obtained by the stack air intake temperature sensor (19) and the stack hydrogen intake temperature sensor (20), and compared with the intake end plate temperature T15 and the blind end plate temperature T16, and then the openings of the first three-way valve (5) and the second three-way valve (6) are controlled according to the comparison results, and the opening value V5 of the first three-way valve (5) flowing to the end plate is always not higher than the preset maximum opening value V5max.

6. The control method of a fuel cell system using high temperature air after an air compressor according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the temperature T15 of the intake end plate ≥ max{T19, T20}, and the temperature T16 of the blind end plate is always higher than the temperature T15 of the intake end plate and the difference is not less than the preset value Td, the opening value V5 of the first three-way valve (5) and the opening value V6 of the second three-way valve (6) reach the preliminary expected values.

7. The control method of a fuel cell system using high temperature air after an air compressor according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the temperature T15 of the intake end plate < max{T19, T20}, or the temperature T16 of the blind end plate < T15 + Td, if V5 < V5max, then increase the opening V5 of the first three-way valve (5) and adjust the opening V6 of the second three-way valve (6) flowing to the end plate until the opening value V5 of the first three-way valve (5) and the opening value V6 of the second three-way valve (6) reach the preliminary expected values; if V5 = V5max is satisfied, then only adjust the opening V6 of the second three-way valve until the opening value V5 of the first three-way valve (5) and the opening value V6 of the second three-way valve (6) reach the preliminary expected values.

8. The control method of a fuel cell system using high temperature air after an air compressor according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the temperature T15 of the intake end plate ≥ max{T19, T20}, and T16 ≥ T15 + Td, the inspection controller (8) monitors the voltage of the single cells in the fuel cell stack and determines whether there is a single low phenomenon in the cells near the intake end plate. In the case where there is a single low phenomenon in the cells near the intake end plate, if T15 < T15max and V5 < V5max, the value of the temperature upper limit T15max is set according to the structure of the fuel cell stack itself and the energy output efficiency, then increase the opening V5 of the first three-way valve (5) and adjust the opening V6 of the second three-way valve (6) flowing to the end plate until the single low phenomenon of the cells at the intake end plate disappears; if T15 < T15max and V5 = V5max, then only adjust the opening V6 of the second three-way valve until the single low phenomenon of the cells at the intake end plate disappears; if T15 = T15max and the single low phenomenon of the cells at the intake end plate has not disappeared yet, the openings of the first three-way valve (5) and the second three-way valve (6) are no longer adjusted.

9. The control method of a fuel cell system using high temperature air after an air compressor according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the temperature T15 of the intake end plate ≥ max{T19, T20}, and T16 ≥ T15 + Td, the inspection controller (8) monitors the voltage of the single cells in the fuel cell stack and determines whether there is a single low phenomenon in the cells near the blind end. In the case where there is a single low phenomenon in the cells near the blind end, if T16 < T16max and V5 < V5max, the value of the temperature upper limit T16max is set according to the structure of the fuel cell stack itself and the energy output efficiency, then increase the opening V5 of the first three-way valve (5) and adjust the opening V6 of the second three-way valve (6) flowing to the end plate until the single low phenomenon of the cells at the blind end plate disappears; if T16 < T16max and V5 = V5max, then only adjust the opening V6 of the second three-way valve until the single low phenomenon of the cells at the blind end plate disappears; if the temperature T16 of the blind end plate = T16max and the single low phenomenon of the cells at the blind end plate has not disappeared yet, the openings of the first three-way valve (5) and the second three-way valve (6) are no longer adjusted.

10. A control method for a fuel cell system using high temperature air after an air compressor according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that: The stack intake end plate outlet pressure sensor (17) and the blind end plate outlet pressure sensor (18) are respectively compared with the post-compression pressure sensor (14) to monitor whether the heating chambers of the stack intake end plate and the blind end plate are operating properly.

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