Device and method for measuring parallelism and perpendicularity of composite material test piece

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement, and discloses a parallelism and perpendicularity measuring device and method for a composite material test piece, the measuring device comprises a fixed base, a moving seat, a dial indicator, a moving seat guide structure, a test piece horizontal limiting unit and a test piece longitudinal clamping unit, the dial indicator is mounted on the moving seat, and the moving seat guide structure is mounted on the moving seat. The movable seat is arranged above the fixed base and can move along a fixed track under the limitation of the movable seat guide structure, the test piece horizontal limiting unit is arranged on the fixed base and is provided with a plurality of limiting points, and the limiting points are positioned on the same horizontal straight line; the test piece longitudinal clamping unit is used for fixedly clamping the horizontally placed test piece, and the movable track of the movable seat comprises a track line parallel to and perpendicular to the straight line where the limiting point is located. According to the measuring device and the measuring method, the parallelism and the perpendicularity of the composite material test piece can be conveniently and accurately measured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of measurement technology, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring the parallelism and verticality of a composite material test piece. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of general aviation aircraft, more and more general aviation aircraft use composite materials. Composite materials are different from metal structures. Metals can use mature materials with national standards or navigation marks. When designing and analyzing, the performance directly selects standard data. In addition to being related to the characteristics of raw materials, the performance of composite materials is mainly affected by the process. Different process methods and process control processes produce large differences in performance. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare test pieces for test and determine their performance parameters.

[0003] When composite materials are used in aircraft structures, a large number of specimen-level tests need to be carried out in accordance with the test standards. The measured mechanical properties are used for analysis and calculation during aircraft design. Since composite materials have a large dispersion, in order to obtain representative performance, it is necessary to ensure that the processed test pieces meet the standard requirements and have high precision and high quality, thereby removing the dispersion caused by the geometry of the test pieces. Specifically, when preparing test pieces, it is necessary to control the parallelism, verticality, flatness, etc. of the test pieces in accordance with the requirements specified in the test standards. After each test piece is processed, it is necessary to measure the parallelism, verticality, etc. In addition, during the aircraft production process, each batch of materials needs to undergo an on-site acceptance test, and the parallelism and verticality of the test pieces also need to be measured.

[0004] However, there is currently no equipment on the market specifically for measuring the parallelism and verticality of composite test pieces. Most of them use the three-coordinate measurement method, but this method is suitable for rigid parts, which will not deform due to measurement pressure. In addition, the equipment is expensive and cannot meet the economic requirements of general aviation aircraft. Therefore, an economical and applicable composite test piece parallelism and verticality measurement device is invented.

[0005] Therefore, providing a special measuring device for the parallelism and verticality of composite material test pieces to reduce the detection cost has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for measuring the parallelism and perpendicularity of a composite material test piece, so as to solve the problems of lack of dedicated measuring devices and high detection costs in the prior art.

[0007] On the one hand, the present invention provides a device for measuring the parallelism and verticality of a composite material test piece, comprising: a fixed base, a movable base, a micrometer, a movable base guide structure, a horizontal limit unit for the test piece, and a longitudinal clamping unit for the test piece, wherein the micrometer is installed on the movable base, the movable base is arranged above the fixed base and can move along a fixed track under the restriction of the movable base guide structure, the horizontal limit unit for the test piece is arranged on the fixed base and has a plurality of limit points, the limit points are located on the same horizontal straight line and are used to abut against one side of a horizontally placed test piece, the longitudinal clamping unit for the test piece is arranged above the fixed base and is used to fix and clamp the horizontally placed test piece, and the movable track of the movable base includes a track line parallel to the straight line where the limit point is located and a track line perpendicular to the straight line where the limit point is located.

[0008] Preferably, the test piece horizontal limit unit includes a longitudinal plate fixedly mounted above the fixed base and a plurality of ball head positioning rods vertically and spaced apart connected to one side of the longitudinal plate, wherein the ball head ends of the ball head positioning rods are located on the same horizontal straight line.

[0009] Further preferably, the test piece longitudinal clamping unit comprises an upper clamping member and a lower clamping member, at least one of the upper clamping member and the lower clamping member is a liftable structure, and the upper clamping member and the lower clamping member abut against the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of the test piece respectively.

[0010] Further preferably, the upper clamping member is a limit plate, and a plurality of groups of flat-head positioning rods are arranged at intervals on the lower end surface of the limit plate, and the lower bottom surfaces of the flat-head positioning rods are located on the same horizontal plane.

[0011] Further preferably, the flat-head positioning rod includes a fixed flat-head positioning rod and a movable flat-head positioning rod, the fixed flat-head positioning rod is arranged on one side or both sides of the lower end surface of the limiting plate, a limiting groove is arranged in the middle of the limiting plate, at least one sliding block is installed in the limiting groove, and the movable flat-head positioning rod is fixedly installed on the bottom of the sliding block.

[0012] Further preferably, the lower clamping member includes a spring top seat corresponding to each group of flat-head positioning rods, a plurality of longitudinal holes are arranged at intervals in the spring top seat, springs are arranged correspondingly in the longitudinal holes, and a top ball is arranged on the upper part of the spring. In a natural state, the top ball protrudes from the upper top surface of the spring top seat under the action of the spring.

[0013] Further preferably, the longitudinal hole is a through hole, a threaded rod is threadedly connected to the lower portion of the longitudinal hole, and a top of the threaded rod abuts against one end of the spring.

[0014] Further preferably, the movable seat guiding structure is a guide rail arranged above the fixed base, and the movable seat is cooperatively mounted on the guide rail; or the movable seat guiding structure is a guide edge arranged above the fixed base, and the movable seat is cooperatively arranged on the side of the guide edge.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for measuring the parallelism and verticality of a composite material test piece, using the above-mentioned parallelism and verticality measuring device for a composite material test piece, the method for measuring the parallelism and verticality of the composite material test piece comprises the following steps: Place the test piece horizontally, and place one side of the test piece against a plurality of limit points of the horizontal limit unit of the test piece; Using the test piece longitudinal clamping unit to fix and clamp the horizontally placed test piece; Adjust the micrometer so that its probe abuts against the side surface of the test piece to be tested, and then fix the position of the micrometer on the moving seat; The moving seat is moved under the restriction of the moving seat guide structure, and the measurement data of the micrometer from one end to the other end of the side to be measured is recorded. Thereafter, the parallelism and verticality of the test piece are calculated based on the measurement data.

[0016] Preferably, the measurement data of the micrometer from one end to the other end of the side to be measured is collected by a data collection unit connected to the micrometer, and the moving seat is driven by a driving device connected to the moving seat.

[0017] The present invention provides a device and method for measuring the parallelism and verticality of a composite material test piece. A side surface of the test piece can be positioned by a horizontal limit unit of the test piece, and the upper and lower positions of the test piece can be fixed by a longitudinal clamping unit of the test piece. Afterwards, the micrometer is adjusted to correspond to the side surface to be measured of the test piece and fix the position. Then, the moving seat is controlled to move along a fixed track under the restriction of the moving seat guide structure, and the parallelism or verticality information of the corresponding side surface of the test piece can be obtained through the reading of the micrometer.

[0018] The device and method for measuring the parallelism and verticality of a composite material test piece provided by the present invention can conveniently and accurately measure the parallelism and verticality of the composite material test piece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of a device for measuring the parallelism and verticality of a composite material test piece provided by the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the spring top seat; Figure 3It is the structural schematic diagram of the test piece; Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the use status of the device for measuring the parallelism and perpendicularity of a composite material test piece provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation schemes, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a parallelism and verticality measuring device for a composite material test piece, comprising: a fixed base 1, a movable base 2, a micrometer 3, a movable base guide structure 4, a test piece horizontal limit unit and a test piece longitudinal clamping unit, wherein the micrometer 3 is installed on the movable base 2, the movable base 2 is arranged above the fixed base 1 and can move along a fixed track under the restriction of the movable base guide structure 4, the test piece horizontal limit unit is arranged on the fixed base 1 and has a plurality of limit points, the limit points are located on the same horizontal straight line, and are used to abut against one side of a horizontally placed test piece 10, the test piece longitudinal clamping unit is arranged above the fixed base 1, and is used to fix and clamp the horizontally placed test piece 10, and the movable track of the movable base 2 includes a track line parallel to the straight line where the limit point is located and a track line perpendicular to the straight line where the limit point is located.

[0022] The parallelism and verticality measuring device for composite material test pieces has a simple structure and is convenient for measurement. One side of the test piece can be positioned by a horizontal limit unit of the test piece, and the upper and lower positions of the test piece can be fixed by a longitudinal clamping unit of the test piece. Afterwards, the micrometer is adjusted to make it abut against the side to be measured of the test piece and fix the position. Then, the moving seat is controlled to move along a fixed track under the restriction of the moving seat guide structure, and the parallelism or verticality information of the corresponding side of the test piece can be obtained through the reading of the micrometer.

[0023] As an improvement of the technical solution, Figure 1 As shown, the test piece horizontal limit unit includes a longitudinal plate 51 fixedly installed above the fixed base 1 and a plurality of ball head positioning rods 52 vertically and spaced apart connected to one side of the longitudinal plate 51, wherein the ball head ends of the ball head positioning rods 52 are located on the same horizontal straight line.

[0024] As an improvement of the technical solution, Figure 1 As shown, the test piece longitudinal clamping unit includes an upper clamping member 61 and a lower clamping member 62, and at least one of the upper clamping member 61 and the lower clamping member 62 is a liftable structure to adapt to the clamping of test pieces of different thicknesses, such as Figure 4As shown, the upper clamping member 61 and the lower clamping member 62 are respectively in contact with the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of the test piece 10 .

[0025] As an improvement of the technical solution, Figure 1 , Figure 4 As shown, the upper clamping member 61 is a limit plate, and a plurality of groups of flat-head positioning rods 611 are arranged at intervals on the lower end surface of the limit plate, and the lower bottom surfaces of the flat-head positioning rods 611 are located on the same horizontal plane, wherein the flat-head positioning rods can ensure stable contact with the upper top surface of the test piece, thereby improving the stability of the clamping with the lower clamping member.

[0026] As an improvement of the technical solution, Figure 1 , Figure 4 As shown, the flat-head positioning rod 611 includes a fixed flat-head positioning rod and a movable flat-head positioning rod. The fixed flat-head positioning rod is arranged on one side or both sides of the lower end surface of the limiting plate. A limiting groove 612 is arranged in the middle of the limiting plate. At least one slider 613 is installed in the limiting groove 612. The bottom of the slider 613 is fixedly installed with the movable flat-head positioning rod. The slider can be fixed to the limiting plate by bolts. By adjusting the position of the slider, the position of the movable flat-head positioning rod can be adjusted to adapt to the stable clamping of test pieces of different lengths.

[0027] As an improvement of the technical solution, Figure 1 , Figure 4 As shown, the lower clamping member 62 includes a spring top seat corresponding to each set of flat head positioning rods 611, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of longitudinal holes 621 are arranged at intervals in the spring top seat, and springs 622 are arranged correspondingly in the longitudinal holes 621. A top ball 623 is arranged on the upper part of the spring 622. In a natural state, the top ball 623 protrudes from the upper top surface of the spring top seat under the action of the spring 622. In the process of fixing the test piece 10, when the spring top seat is fixed under the test piece, the spring can push the top ball to clamp the test piece.

[0028] As an improvement of the technical solution, Figure 2 As shown, the longitudinal hole 621 is a through hole, and the lower part of the longitudinal hole 621 is threadedly connected to a threaded rod 624. The top of the threaded rod 624 is against one end of the spring 622. In the natural state, the height of the top ball protruding from the top seat of the spring can be adjusted by rotating the threaded rod, thereby adjusting the clamping degree of the test piece.

[0029] The movable seat guide structure can be used as long as it can guide the movable seat to move along a fixed track. As an improvement of the technical solution, the movable seat guide structure 4 is a guide rail arranged above the fixed base 1, and the movable seat 2 is mounted on the guide rail; or Figure 1, Figure 4 As shown, the movable seat guide structure 4 is a guide edge arranged above the fixed base 1, and the movable seat 2 is cooperatively arranged on the side of the guide edge. The movable seat moves along the guide edge to realize movement along the set trajectory.

[0030] The present invention also provides a method for measuring the parallelism and verticality of a composite material test piece, using the above-mentioned parallelism and verticality measuring device for a composite material test piece, the method for measuring the parallelism and verticality of the composite material test piece comprises the following steps: Place the test piece 10 horizontally, and place one side of the test piece against a plurality of limit points of the horizontal limit unit of the test piece; Using the test piece longitudinal clamping unit to fix and clamp the horizontally placed test piece 10; Adjust the micrometer 3 so that its probe abuts against the side surface to be tested of the test piece 10, and then fix the position of the micrometer 3 on the moving seat 2; The movable seat 2 is moved under the restriction of the movable seat guide structure 4, and the measurement data of the micrometer 3 from one end to the other end of the side to be measured is recorded. Then, the parallelism and verticality of the test piece 10 are calculated according to the measurement data.

[0031] To realize intelligent measurement, as an improvement of the technical solution, the measurement data of the micrometer 3 from one end to the other end of the side to be measured is collected by a data collection unit connected to the micrometer 3, and the moving seat 2 is driven by a driving device connected to the moving seat 2.

[0032] Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test piece 10, where A, B, C, and D represent its four side surfaces respectively. When it is necessary to measure the verticality of the A surface and the B surface of the test piece, the A surface of the test piece is abutted against the multiple limit points of the horizontal limit unit of the test piece, and then the test piece is fixedly clamped by the longitudinal clamping unit of the test piece. Thereafter, the micrometer is fixed and its probe is abutted against the B surface. Next, the moving seat is controlled to move along a set trajectory, and the measurement data of the micrometer from one end to the other end of the B surface is recorded. Thereafter, the verticality of the A surface and the B surface can be obtained using the measurement data; the difference between the measurement of the verticality of the A surface and the D surface and the measurement of the verticality of the A surface and the B surface is that the moving seat is controlled to move along the set trajectory, and the measurement data of the micrometer from one end to the other end of the D surface is recorded; the difference between the measurement of the parallelism of the A surface and the C surface and the measurement of the verticality of the A surface and the B surface is that the moving seat is controlled to move along the set trajectory, and the measurement data of the micrometer from one end to the other end of the C surface is recorded. In addition, to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results, after fixing the test piece and completing the measurement, the test piece should be turned over so that the C surface of the test piece abuts against multiple limit points of the horizontal limit unit of the test piece. After that, fixed clamping, data collection and calculation are performed. Finally, the parallelism and verticality between any surfaces of the test piece can be obtained.

[0033] The detailed description of the present invention is written in a progressive manner, emphasizing the differences between the various implementations, and similar parts thereof can be referred to each other.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for measuring the parallelism and perpendicularity of a composite material test piece, characterized in that: include: A fixed base (1), a movable base (2), a micrometer (3), a movable base guide structure (4), a test piece horizontal limit unit and a test piece longitudinal clamping unit, wherein the micrometer (3) is mounted on the movable base (2), the movable base (2) is arranged above the fixed base (1) and is capable of moving along a fixed track under the restriction of the movable base guide structure (4), the test piece horizontal limit unit is arranged on the fixed base (1) and has a plurality of limit points, the limit points are located on the same horizontal straight line and are used to abut against one side of a horizontally placed test piece (10), the test piece longitudinal clamping unit is arranged above the fixed base (1) and is used to fix and clamp the horizontally placed test piece (10), and the movable track of the movable base (2) includes a track line parallel to the straight line where the limit points are located and a track line perpendicular to the straight line where the limit points are located.

2. The parallelism and perpendicularity measuring device for composite material test pieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test piece horizontal limit unit comprises a longitudinal plate (51) fixedly mounted above the fixed base (1) and a plurality of ball head positioning rods (52) vertically and spaced apart and connected to one side of the longitudinal plate (51), wherein the ball head ends of the ball head positioning rods (52) are located on the same horizontal straight line.

3. The parallelism and perpendicularity measuring device for composite material test pieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test piece longitudinal clamping unit comprises an upper clamping piece (61) and a lower clamping piece (62), at least one of the upper clamping piece (61) and the lower clamping piece (62) being a liftable structure, and the upper clamping piece (61) and the lower clamping piece (62) respectively abut against an upper top surface and a lower bottom surface of the test piece (10).

4. The device for measuring parallelism and perpendicularity of a composite material test piece according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper clamping member (61) is a limit plate, and a plurality of groups of flat-head positioning rods (611) are arranged at intervals on the lower end surface of the limit plate, and the lower bottom surfaces of the flat-head positioning rods (611) are located on the same horizontal plane.

5. The device for measuring parallelism and perpendicularity of a composite material test piece according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flat-head positioning rod (611) comprises a fixed flat-head positioning rod and a movable flat-head positioning rod, the fixed flat-head positioning rod being arranged on one side or both sides of the lower end surface of the limiting plate, a limiting groove (612) being arranged in the middle of the limiting groove (612), at least one sliding block (613) being fitted in the limiting groove (612), and the movable flat-head positioning rod being fixedly mounted on the bottom of the sliding block (613).

6. The device for measuring parallelism and perpendicularity of a composite material test piece according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lower clamping member (62) comprises a spring top seat corresponding to each group of flat-head positioning rods (611), a plurality of longitudinal holes (621) are arranged at intervals in the spring top seat, springs (622) are arranged in the longitudinal holes (621) accordingly, and a top ball (623) is arranged on the upper part of the spring (622). In a natural state, the top ball (623) protrudes from the upper top surface of the spring top seat under the action of the spring (622).

7. The device for measuring parallelism and perpendicularity of a composite material test piece according to claim 6, characterized in that: The longitudinal hole (621) is a through hole, and the lower part of the longitudinal hole (621) is threadedly connected to a threaded rod (624), and the top of the threaded rod (624) abuts against one end of the spring (622).

8. The device for measuring parallelism and perpendicularity of a composite material test piece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable seat guide structure (4) is a guide rail arranged above the fixed base (1), and the movable seat (2) is mounted on the guide rail; or the movable seat guide structure (4) is a guide edge arranged above the fixed base (1), and the movable seat (2) is arranged on the side of the guide edge.

9. A method for measuring the parallelism and perpendicularity of a composite material test piece, characterized in that: The parallelism and perpendicularity measuring device of a composite material test piece according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is used, and the parallelism and perpendicularity measuring method of the composite material test piece comprises the following steps: Placing the test piece (10) horizontally, with one side of the test piece abutting against a plurality of limit points of a horizontal limit unit of the test piece; Using the test piece longitudinal clamping unit to fix and clamp the horizontally placed test piece (10); Adjusting the micrometer (3) so that its probe abuts against the side surface to be measured of the test piece (10), and then fixing the position of the micrometer (3) on the movable seat (2); The movable seat (2) is moved under the restriction of the movable seat guide structure (4), and the measurement data of the micrometer (3) from one end to the other end of the side surface to be measured is recorded. Thereafter, the parallelism and verticality of the test piece (10) are calculated based on the measurement data.

10. The method for measuring parallelism and perpendicularity of a composite material test piece according to claim 9, characterized in that: The micrometer (3) collects measurement data from one end to the other end of the side surface to be measured through a data collection unit connected to the micrometer (3), and the moving seat (2) is driven by a driving device connected to the moving seat (2).

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