Historical block fire-fighting evacuation optimization method and device based on texture protection

Abstract

The invention provides a texture protection-based historical block fire-fighting evacuation optimization method and device. The method comprises the following steps of S1, extracting building data of a target historical block from a planar graph; s2, calculating according to the building data to obtain an initial reconstruction scheme; s3, randomly selecting a batch of buildings from the target historical block, and deleting data corresponding to the batch of buildings from the building data to obtain building data of the current iteration round; s4, calculating according to the building data of the current iteration round to obtain a transformation scheme of the current iteration round; s5, according to the transformation scheme of the current iteration round, the transformation scheme of the previous iteration round, the initial transformation scheme and a preset termination condition, judging whether iteration is terminated or not, if yes, executing the step S6, and if not, executing the step S3; and S6, according to all the transformation schemes, calculating to obtain an optimal transformation scheme. In a word, the method can generate an optimal transformation scheme considering both fire evacuation and traditional texture protection for the historical block.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the fields of urban planning, urban disaster prevention planning and fire protection technology, and specifically relates to a fire evacuation optimization method and device for a historical block based on texture protection. Background Art

[0002] In the context of the parallel development of urban cultural heritage protection and modern cities, the renewal and development of historical blocks has brought about adjustments in business formats and large crowds, which may cause fire safety issues, and is also a common problem faced in the protection and development of traditional blocks in my country. As an important carrier of urban culture, the unique architectural style and historical value of historical blocks require us to consider both the protection of their historical features and the safe evacuation of personnel in emergency situations when conducting fire evacuation planning.

[0003] During the renovation of existing historical blocks, the following problems have emerged: 1) Narrow streets and complex building layouts have been neglected, causing obstacles during emergency evacuations and prolonging evacuation times; 2) Street widening and building demolition have caused great damage to the traditional texture of the blocks.

[0004] At present, existing studies have either started from the fire-fighting capacity of historical blocks, proposed corresponding fire-fighting transformation strategies by establishing fire risk assessment models, or started from the evacuation capacity, optimized evacuation routes and times through simulations using GIS, space syntax, FDS and other software. However, these studies lack a comprehensive optimization method that integrates protection and disaster prevention from the perspective of traditional texture protection.

[0005] Traditional texture is the core element in the protection of historical blocks, but the current measurement and quantification of traditional texture is mostly concentrated on qualitative research. For example, from a typological perspective, urban texture is identified and classified through physical characteristics such as building form and street pattern. This method helps to understand the historical development and cultural characteristics of the city, but it is limited to specific plots, lacks paradigm standards, and is difficult to promote. Some scholars also regard urban texture as a complex network and use the network percolation principle to identify and measure urban texture, but this method is currently only applied to large-scale research and ignores the influence of building orientation and building form on texture connection. It is not applicable in small-scale ranges. Therefore, there is currently a lack of a paradigm method that can measure texture in small-scale blocks.

[0006] In summary, the existing fire evacuation solutions for historic blocks still have the following problems: (1) How to quantitatively measure the traditional texture of the block at a small scale; and (2) How to provide an optimal solution that takes into account both fire evacuation and the protection of the traditional texture. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention is made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a method and device for optimizing fire evacuation in historical blocks based on texture protection.

[0008] The present invention provides a fire evacuation optimization method for a historical block based on texture protection, which is used to obtain an optimal renovation plan according to a plan view and evacuation data of a target historical block, and has the following characteristics, including the following steps: step S1, extracting building data of the target historical block from the plan view; step S2, calculating and obtaining a corresponding renovation plan as an initial renovation plan according to the building data; step S3, randomly selecting a batch of buildings from the target historical block, and deleting the data corresponding to the batch of buildings from the building data to obtain the building data of the current iteration round; step S4, calculating and obtaining a renovation plan of the current iteration round according to the building data of the current iteration round; step S5, calculating and obtaining a renovation plan of the current iteration round according to the renovation plan of the previous iteration round, and obtaining a renovation plan of the current iteration round according to the renovation plan of the previous iteration round. The transformation plan, the initial transformation plan and the preset termination condition are used to determine whether to terminate the iteration. If so, execute step S6, if not, execute step S3; Step S6, based on all the transformation plans, calculate the most balanced transformation plan as the optimal transformation plan, wherein the transformation plan includes building data, average texture robustness and the evacuation time of the entire population. The specific process of calculating the transformation plan based on the building data includes the following steps: Step T1, constructing a nearest neighbor building texture network based on the building data; Step T2, based on the nearest neighbor building texture network, calculating the average texture robustness by the urban texture multi-scale resilience measurement method; Step T3, calculating the evacuation time of the entire population based on the evacuation data and the building data.

[0009] The method for optimizing fire evacuation in historical blocks based on texture protection provided by the present invention may also have the following characteristics: wherein the nearest neighbor building texture network includes multiple nodes, edges between nodes and weights corresponding to the edges, the nodes are building particles in the building data, and the edges are connections between buildings in the building data.

[0010] The fire evacuation optimization method for historical blocks based on texture protection provided by the present invention may also have the following features: wherein the building data includes the perimeter, azimuth and area of ​​the building, and the weight calculation expression is: W ij =S ij +D ij +DI i , S ij =|S j -S i |, D ij =|D j -D i |, where W ij is the weight between building i and building j, S ij is the shape difference between building i and building j, S i is the shape index of building i, Pi is the perimeter of building i, A i is the area of ​​building i, D ij is the orientation difference between building i and building j, D i is the azimuth of building i, DI i is the nearest neighbor distance.

[0011] In the historical block fire evacuation optimization method based on texture protection provided by the present invention, it can also have the following characteristics: wherein, step T2 includes the following sub-steps: step T2-1, removing the edges greater than the selected threshold in the nearest neighbor building texture network to obtain multiple unconnected texture clusters; step T2-2, obtaining multiple key thresholds based on the largest texture cluster and the second largest texture cluster; step T2-3, calculating the average texture robustness through the urban texture multi-scale resilience measurement method based on all key thresholds and the nearest neighbor building texture network.

[0012] The fire evacuation optimization method for historical blocks based on texture protection provided by the present invention may also have the following characteristics: wherein the calculation expression of the average robustness of the texture is: Where R ij is the resilience strength of the texture connection between building i and building j in the building data of the current iteration round, D is the number of key thresholds, is the size of the texture cluster to which the texture connection between building i and building j belongs at the tth critical threshold, is the size of the largest texture cluster under the tth critical threshold, and n is the number of edges in the nearest neighbor building texture network.

[0013] The historical block fire evacuation optimization method based on texture protection provided by the present invention may also have the following features: wherein the evacuation data includes the number of evacuees, the evacuation speed and the evacuation entrances and exits; in step T3, the evacuees are arranged to be evenly distributed in each street and lane corresponding to the building data of the current iteration round, and the shortest path algorithm is used to calculate the evacuation time of the entire population.

[0014] The historical block fire evacuation optimization method based on texture protection provided by the present invention may also have the following characteristics: wherein, the preset termination condition is that the average robustness of the texture corresponding to the current iteration round is greater than the average robustness of the texture corresponding to the initial transformation plan, and the improvement value of the total population evacuation time corresponding to the current iteration round compared to the total population evacuation time corresponding to the previous iteration round is greater than the preset improvement threshold.

[0015] The fire evacuation optimization method for historical blocks based on texture protection provided by the present invention may also have the following characteristics: wherein the calculation expression of the lift value is: Where a is the improvement value, b is the total population evacuation time corresponding to the previous iteration round, c is the total population evacuation time corresponding to the current iteration round, and the preset improvement threshold is 3%.

[0016] The present invention also provides a historical block fire evacuation optimization device based on texture protection, which is used to obtain the optimal renovation plan according to the plan and evacuation data of the target historical block, and has the following characteristics, including: a building data extraction module, a solution calculation module, a building demolition module, an iteration judgment module, an iteration control module and a balance solution calculation module, wherein the building data extraction module is used to extract the building data of the target historical block from the plan, the solution calculation module is used to calculate the corresponding renovation plan according to the building data, the building demolition module is used to randomly select a batch of buildings from the target historical block, and delete the data corresponding to this batch of buildings from the building data to obtain the building data of the current iteration round, and the iteration judgment module stores a preset termination condition, and is used to judge whether to terminate the iteration according to the renovation plan of the current iteration round, the renovation plan of the previous iteration round, the initial renovation plan and the preset termination condition. The iterative control module is used to control the scheme calculation module to calculate the corresponding renovation scheme as the initial renovation scheme according to the building data, and control the building demolition module, the scheme calculation module and the iterative judgment module to perform multiple rounds of iterations to calculate the renovation scheme of each iteration round. The equilibrium solution calculation module is used to calculate the most balanced renovation scheme as the optimal renovation scheme based on all renovation schemes. The renovation scheme includes building data, average texture robustness and the evacuation time of the entire population. The scheme calculation module includes: a nearest neighbor building texture network generation unit, which is used to construct a nearest neighbor building texture network according to the building data of the current iteration round; a texture measurement unit, which is used to calculate the average texture robustness according to the nearest neighbor building texture network through the urban texture multi-scale resilience measurement method; an evacuation time simulation unit, which is used to calculate the evacuation time of the entire population based on the evacuation data and the building data of the current iteration round.

[0017] Functions and Effects of the Invention

[0018] According to the method and device for optimizing fire evacuation in historical blocks based on texture protection involved in the present invention, on the one hand, the internal shape elements of small-scale blocks, i.e., perimeter and area, and the orientation elements, i.e., azimuth, are used as the construction elements of the weights of the edges in the nearest neighbor building texture network, thereby considering the influence of the internal shape elements and orientation elements on the texture measurement, making the measurement results of the texture of the historical blocks more accurate; on the other hand, by presetting termination conditions and randomly demolishing buildings, the optimal renovation plan can be obtained after multiple iterations, saving manpower. Therefore, the method and device for optimizing fire evacuation in historical blocks based on texture protection of the present invention can generate the optimal renovation plan for the historical blocks that takes into account both fire evacuation and traditional texture protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a historical block fire evacuation optimization device based on texture protection in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the nearest neighbor building texture network of Tianzifang in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of a texture measurement unit calculating an average robustness of a texture in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a key threshold value in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the Tianzifang evacuation exit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a flow chart of a fire evacuation optimization method for a historical block based on texture protection in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings specifically illustrate the historical block fire evacuation optimization method and device based on texture protection of the present invention.

[0026] In this embodiment, a fire evacuation optimization device for a historical block based on texture protection is provided, which is used to obtain an optimal reconstruction plan according to the floor plan and evacuation data of the target historical block. The evacuation data includes the number of evacuees, the evacuation speed, and the evacuation entrances and exits. In this embodiment, the target historical block is Tianzifang.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a block diagram of a historical block fire evacuation optimization device based on texture protection in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the historical block fire evacuation optimization device 100 based on texture protection includes a building data extraction module 10, a scheme calculation module 20, a building demolition module 30, an iterative judgment module 40, an iterative control module 50, a balance solution calculation module 60 and a general control module 70 for controlling the operation of the above modules.

[0029] The building data extraction module 10 is used to extract the building data of the target historical block from the plan view, wherein the building data includes the perimeter, azimuth and area of ​​the building.

[0030] The scheme calculation module 20 is used to calculate the corresponding renovation scheme according to the building data, wherein the renovation scheme includes the building data, the average robustness of the texture and the evacuation time of all the population.

[0031] The solution calculation module 20 includes a nearest neighbor building texture network generation unit 201 , a texture measurement unit 202 and an evacuation time simulation unit 203 .

[0032] The nearest neighbor building texture network generating unit 201 is used to construct a nearest neighbor building texture network according to the building data of the current iteration round.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the nearest neighbor building texture network of Tianzifang in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the nearest neighbor building texture network includes multiple nodes, edges between nodes, and weights corresponding to the edges. Nodes are building particles in the building data, and each building particle represents a corresponding building unit. Edges are the nearest neighbor connections between buildings in the building data. Particles are generated through building outline information, and then the nearest neighbor building texture network is generated using the Delaunay triangulation. The weight of the edge represents the strength of the connection between adjacent buildings. The building plan is a roof plan of the Tianzifang area, which expresses the orientation, location, and basic surrounding conditions of each building.

[0035] The calculation expression of weight is:

[0036] W ij =S ij +D ij +DI i ,

[0037] S ij =|S j -S i |,

[0038]

[0039] D ij =|D j -D i |,

[0040] Where W ij is the weight between building i and building j, S ij is the shape difference between building i and building j, S i is the shape index of building i, P i is the perimeter of building i, A i is the area of ​​building i, D ij is the orientation difference between building i and building j, Di is the azimuth of building i, DI i is the nearest neighbor distance. In this embodiment, the minimum bounding rectangle method, i.e., the minimum MBR method, is adopted. The due north direction is taken as zero degrees, and the angle obtained by rotating clockwise to the long side of the minimum bounding rectangle is taken as the value of the azimuth. Sampling points are generated according to the building outline, and then the TIN triangulation network is used to spatially divide the building complex, establish the proximity relationship between the buildings, and then screen and calculate the shortest distance as the distance between the neighboring points of the building outer outline, i.e., the nearest neighbor distance.

[0041] The texture measurement unit 202 is used to calculate the average robustness of the texture based on the nearest neighbor building texture network through the urban texture multi-scale resilience measurement method.

[0042] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the flow of calculating the average robustness of texture by the texture measurement unit in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the process of calculating the average robustness of the texture by the texture measurement unit 202 includes the following steps:

[0044] Step T2-1, remove the edges larger than the selected threshold in the nearest neighbor building texture network to obtain multiple unconnected texture clusters.

[0045] Step T2-2, obtaining multiple key thresholds according to the largest texture cluster and the second largest texture cluster.

[0046] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a critical threshold value in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, the horizontal axis is the threshold value, and the vertical axis is the cluster size, that is, the number of nodes in the texture cluster. By observing the scale characteristics of the largest texture cluster and the second largest texture cluster under different thresholds, the point with the most obvious fluctuation is identified. This point represents that the texture structure has changed significantly under this threshold, and this threshold is the key threshold. In this embodiment, a total of six thresholds are obtained as key thresholds, namely 0.067, 0.21, 0.44, 0.68, 0.73 and 1.5.

[0048] In step T2-3, based on all key thresholds and the nearest neighbor building texture network, the average texture robustness is calculated using the urban texture multi-scale resilience measurement method.

[0049] Among them, the calculation expression of the average robustness of the texture is:

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Where R ij is the resilience strength of the texture connection between building i and building j in the building data of the current iteration round, D is the number of key thresholds, is the size of the texture cluster to which the texture connection between building i and building j belongs at the tth critical threshold, is the size of the largest texture cluster under the tth critical threshold, and n is the number of edges in the nearest neighbor building texture network.

[0053] The evacuation time simulation unit 203 is used to calculate the evacuation time of all the population according to the evacuation data and the building data of the current iteration round.

[0054] The evacuation time simulation unit 203 sets the evacuation population to be evenly distributed in each street and lane corresponding to the building data of the current iteration round, and uses the shortest path algorithm to calculate the evacuation time of all the population. In this embodiment, the evacuation data also includes the number of evacuees being 2,300 people, the number of evacuation exits being 7, and the evacuation speed being 1.2 m / s.

[0055] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the Tianzifang evacuation exit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] like Figure 5 As shown, the locations marked by 7 white circles are the 7 preset evacuation exits of Tianzifang.

[0057] The building demolition module 30 is used to randomly select a batch of buildings from the target historical block, and delete the data corresponding to the batch of buildings from the building data to obtain the building data of the current iteration round.

[0058] The iteration judgment module 40 stores a preset termination condition, and is used to judge whether to terminate the iteration according to the transformation plan of the current iteration round, the transformation plan of the previous iteration round, the initial transformation plan and the preset termination condition.

[0059] Among them, the preset termination condition is that the average robustness of the texture corresponding to the current iteration round is greater than the average robustness of the texture corresponding to the initial transformation plan, and the improvement value of the total population evacuation time corresponding to the current iteration round compared with the total population evacuation time corresponding to the previous iteration round is greater than the preset improvement threshold, then the iteration continues, otherwise the iteration is terminated.

[0060] The calculation expression of the lift value is:

[0061]

[0062] Where a is the improvement value, b is the total population evacuation time corresponding to the previous iteration round, and c is the total population evacuation time corresponding to the current iteration round.

[0063] The iterative control module 50 is used to control the solution calculation module 10 to calculate the corresponding renovation plan as the initial renovation plan based on the building data, and control the building demolition module 30, the solution calculation module 20 and the iterative judgment module 40 to perform multiple rounds of iterations to calculate the renovation plan for each iteration round.

[0064] In this embodiment, the iterative control module 50 controls the scheme calculation module 10, the building demolition module 30 and the iterative judgment module 40. After three iterations, the preset termination condition is not satisfied and the iteration is terminated. The specific data of the initial transformation scheme and the iterative transformation scheme are as follows:

[0065]

[0066] The first column in the table above shows the initial renovation plan and the renovation plans for each iteration. The second to fourth columns show the total number of demolished buildings, the total population evacuation time, and the average robustness of the texture for each renovation plan. For example, the cell in the third column of the second row indicates that the total population evacuation time for the initial renovation plan is 137.8 seconds.

[0067] The balanced solution calculation module 60 is used to calculate the most balanced transformation solution according to all the transformation solutions as the optimal transformation solution.

[0068] In this embodiment, the renovation plan generated in the last iteration round is selected as the most balanced renovation plan, that is, the renovation plan corresponding to the third iteration round, that is, 13 buildings are demolished, so that the evacuation effect is improved by 12.2%. In other embodiments, a comprehensive score calculation can be performed based on the number of demolished buildings and the evacuation effect to obtain the most balanced renovation plan.

[0069] The master control module 70 stores a control program for controlling the operation of each module.

[0070] The following describes, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, a process of using the texture protection-based historical block fire evacuation optimization device 100 to perform a texture protection-based historical block fire evacuation optimization method.

[0071] Figure 6 It is a flow chart of a fire evacuation optimization method for a historical block based on texture protection in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the fire evacuation optimization method for historical blocks based on texture protection includes the following steps:

[0073] Step S1, using the building data extraction module 10 to extract the building data of the target historical block from the plan.

[0074] Step S2: using the solution calculation module 20 to calculate the corresponding renovation solution according to the building data as the initial renovation solution.

[0075] Step S3, using the building demolition module 30 to randomly select a batch of buildings from the target historical block, and delete the data corresponding to this batch of buildings from the building data to obtain the building data of the current iteration round.

[0076] Step S4, using the solution calculation module 20 to calculate the renovation solution of the current iteration round according to the building data of the current iteration round.

[0077] Step S5, using the iteration judgment module 40 to judge whether to terminate the iteration according to the transformation plan of the current iteration round, the transformation plan of the previous iteration round, the initial transformation plan and the preset termination condition, if yes, execute step S6, if not, execute step S3.

[0078] Step S6: The most balanced transformation plan calculated based on all the transformation plans is used as the optimal transformation plan.

[0079] In this embodiment, the iteration control module 50 controls the solution calculation module 20, the building demolition module 30 and the iteration judgment module 40 to execute steps S2 to S5, and the transformation solution of the previous iteration round corresponding to the first iteration round is the initial transformation solution.

[0080] Functions and Effects of the Embodiments

[0081] According to the historical block fire evacuation optimization method and device based on texture protection involved in this embodiment, on the one hand, the internal shape elements of the small-scale block, i.e., the perimeter and area, and the orientation element, i.e., the azimuth, are used as the construction elements of the weight of the edge in the nearest neighbor building texture network, so as to consider the influence of the internal shape elements and the orientation elements on the texture measurement, so that the measurement result of the texture of the historical block is more accurate; on the other hand, by presetting the termination conditions and randomly demolishing the buildings, the optimal renovation plan can be obtained after multiple iterations, saving manpower. In short, this method can generate the optimal renovation plan for the historical block that takes into account both fire evacuation and traditional texture protection.

[0082] Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fire evacuation optimization method for a historical block based on texture protection, which is used to obtain the optimal reconstruction plan according to the floor plan and evacuation data of the target historical block, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, extracting the building data of the target historic district from the plan; Step S2, calculating a corresponding renovation plan according to the building data as an initial renovation plan; Step S3, randomly selecting a batch of buildings from the target historical block, and deleting the data corresponding to the batch of buildings from the building data to obtain the building data of the current iteration round; Step S4, calculating and obtaining a renovation plan for the current iteration round according to the building data for the current iteration round; Step S5, judging whether to terminate the iteration according to the transformation plan of the current iteration round, the transformation plan of the previous iteration round, the initial transformation plan and the preset termination condition, if yes, executing step S6, if no, executing step S3; Step S6, based on all the transformation schemes, the most balanced transformation scheme is calculated as the optimal transformation scheme, The transformation plan includes the building data, the average robustness of the texture and the evacuation time of all the population. The specific process of calculating the renovation plan according to the building data includes the following steps: Step T1, constructing a nearest neighbor building texture network according to the building data; Step T2, calculating the average robustness of the texture by using the urban texture multi-scale toughness measurement method according to the nearest neighbor building texture network; Step T3, calculating the evacuation time of the entire population based on the evacuation data and the building data.

2. The fire evacuation optimization method for historic blocks based on texture protection according to claim 1 is characterized by: in, The nearest neighbor building texture network includes multiple nodes, edges between nodes and weights corresponding to the edges. The node is a building mass point in the building data. The edge is the connection between buildings in the building data.

3. The fire evacuation optimization method for historic blocks based on texture protection according to claim 2 is characterized by: in, The building data includes the perimeter, azimuth and area of ​​the building, The calculation expression of the weight is: W ij =S ij +D ij +IN i , S ij =|S j -S i |, D ij =|D j -D i |, Where W ij is the weight between building i and building j, S ij is the shape difference between building i and building j, S i is the shape index of building i, P i is the perimeter of building i, A i is the area of ​​building i, D ij is the orientation difference between building i and building j, D i is the azimuth of building i, DI i is the nearest neighbor distance.

4. The fire evacuation optimization method for historical blocks based on texture protection according to claim 1, Features: in, The step T2 comprises the following sub-steps: Step T2-1, removing edges greater than a selected threshold in the nearest neighbor building texture network to obtain multiple unconnected texture clusters; Step T2-2, obtaining a plurality of key thresholds according to the largest texture cluster and the second largest texture cluster; Step T2-3, based on all the key thresholds and the nearest neighbor building texture network, the average robustness of the texture is calculated by the urban texture multi-scale resilience measurement method.

5. The fire evacuation optimization method for historic blocks based on texture protection according to claim 4 is characterized by: in, The calculation expression of the average robustness of the texture is: Where R ij is the toughness strength of the texture connection between building i and building j in the building data of the current iteration round, D is the number of the critical thresholds, is the size of the texture cluster to which the texture connection between building i and building j belongs at the tth critical threshold, is the size of the largest texture cluster under the tth critical threshold, and n is the number of edges in the nearest neighbor building texture network.

6. The fire evacuation optimization method for historic blocks based on texture protection according to claim 1 is characterized by: in, The evacuation data includes the number of people to be evacuated, the speed of evacuation and the evacuation entrances and exits. In step T3, the evacuated population is evenly distributed in each street and lane corresponding to the building data of the current iteration round, and the evacuation time of the entire population is calculated using the shortest path algorithm.

7. The fire evacuation optimization method for historic blocks based on texture protection according to claim 1 is characterized by: in, The preset termination condition is that the average robustness of the texture corresponding to the current iteration round is greater than the average robustness of the texture corresponding to the initial transformation plan, and the improvement value of the total population evacuation time corresponding to the current iteration round compared with the total population evacuation time corresponding to the previous iteration round is greater than the preset improvement threshold.

8. The fire evacuation optimization method for historic blocks based on texture protection according to claim 1 is characterized by: in, The calculation expression of the improvement value is: Where a is the improvement value, b is the total population evacuation time corresponding to the previous iteration round, and c is the total population evacuation time corresponding to the current iteration round. The preset lifting threshold is 3%.

9. A fire evacuation optimization device for a historical block based on texture protection, used to obtain the optimal reconstruction plan according to the floor plan and evacuation data of the target historical block, characterized in that: include: Building data extraction module, scheme calculation module, building demolition module, iteration judgment module, iteration control module and equilibrium solution calculation module, The building data extraction module is used to extract the building data of the target historical block from the plan. The solution calculation module is used to calculate the corresponding renovation solution according to the building data. The building demolition module is used to randomly select a batch of buildings from the target historical block, and delete the data corresponding to the batch of buildings from the building data to obtain the building data of the current iteration round. The iteration judgment module stores a preset termination condition, and is used to judge whether to terminate the iteration according to the transformation plan of the current iteration round, the transformation plan of the previous iteration round, the initial transformation plan and the preset termination condition. The iterative control module is used to control the solution calculation module to calculate the corresponding renovation solution as the initial renovation solution according to the building data, and control the building demolition module, the solution calculation module and the iterative judgment module to perform multiple rounds of iterations to calculate the renovation solution of each iteration round. The balanced solution calculation module is used to calculate the most balanced transformation solution according to all the transformation solutions as the optimal transformation solution, The renovation plan includes the building data, average texture robustness and the total population evacuation time. The solution calculation module includes: A nearest neighbor building texture network generating unit, used for constructing a nearest neighbor building texture network according to the building data of the current iteration round; A texture measurement unit, used to calculate the average robustness of the texture through the urban texture multi-scale toughness measurement method according to the nearest neighbor building texture network; The evacuation time simulation unit is used to calculate the evacuation time of the entire population based on the evacuation data and the building data of the current iteration round.

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