Alternating current motor with linear movement symmetrical pulsating direct current excitation

Abstract

The method is mainly characterized in that the number of slots per pole of the stator is [Tau] = 3 (or [Tau] = 2), and different phases and different differences of currents of all adjacent slots are ensured. In a two-pole three-phase alternating current motor, six-phase current is used as primary equivalent fixed-point excitation current of three-phase current. Wherein Y and Z are equivalent to the same-amplitude current YZ of alignment movement, and then YZ and U are added to obtain the three-phase equivalent alignment movement current 2U. And the three-phase current is secondarily equivalent to a six-item amplitude-multiplying fixed-line moving exciting current 2U-2Y. Six inflow wave crest sections and six outflow wave crest sections are naturally connected to form six-wave-head direct-current pulsating inflow currents and six-wave-head direct-current pulsating outflow currents which move along a hexagon and are symmetrical in amplitude, and the six-wave-head direct-current pulsating inflow currents and six-wave-head direct-current pulsating outflow And pulsating magnetomotive forces which move along the hexagon, surround respective action points, have closed magnetic circuits and are reversely symmetrical are generated. Figure 9. Along with the increase of the number p of pole pairs, the magnetomotive force trajectory is a continuous positive 6p (or 4p) polygon. And a source for generating electromagnetic torque oscillation is found.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for all AC motors to move along a fixed line with symmetrical pulsating DC excitation Background Art

[0002] The traditional three-phase AC "circular constant value" rotating magnetic field theory cannot describe the transient changes of current and magnetic field between the three-phase zero crossing and peak point. The serious problems of electromagnetic torque oscillation and power loss of AC motors have never been scientifically explained. This has seriously restricted the rapid development of AC motors. Based on the Ampere loop law extended to the AC steady state and the trigonometric function "sum-difference-product formula", the present invention proposes a fixed-point current i with a phase difference of 2π / 3 Y with i Z , virtual edge I can be moved by alignment YZ In the process, the equivalent current i flows YZ Equivalent; arithmetic difference π / 3 fixed point current i Y 、i U and i Z , virtual edge 2I can be moved by alignment U In the middle, the current 2i flows U A new theory of equivalence. It is further derived that the symmetrical pulsating direct current of the regular hexagonal fixed line movement is the equivalent excitation current of the three-phase AC excitation current. At the same time, the twins surround the point of action of the regular hexagonal fixed line movement, and the symmetrical pulsating closed magnetic motive force. In the current AC motor, the number of slots in the pole phase group is q=2-6, and adjacent slots are generally in phase. Two sinusoidal currents with the same phase in adjacent slots are equivalent to twice the current with the fixed point at the midpoint. It destroys the continuity of the equivalent current of the straight line movement in the stator. The electromagnetic torque of its fixed point magnetomotive force first pulls (clockwise) and then drags (counterclockwise) on the effective side current of the rotor, generating electromagnetic torque oscillation, and the total work done is zero. Power loss is formed. In order to avoid the occurrence of adjacent slots in phase, the present invention requires that the number of slots per pole pitch τ≡3 in the design of the motor stator winding. Innovative AC motors with no electromagnetic torque oscillation and new energy-saving and material-saving features are developed. Summary of the invention

[0003] The three-phase fixed-point current with an arithmetic difference of 2π / 3 can be equivalent to the six-phase fixed-point current with an arithmetic difference of π / 3. Taking a two-pole six-slot single-turn three-phase motor as an example, the first side of the three-phase winding is centered on U, V, and W, and the last side is centered on X, Y, and Z. According to the clockwise arithmetic difference of 60° (mechanical angle), the first and last sides are alternately arranged on the circumference, that is, U, Z, V, X, W, and Y. The maximum value of the inflow at the first side and the outflow at the last side = 1, and the i of the arithmetic difference of 2π / 3 electrical angle is U 、i V 、i W The three-phase fixed-point AC current can be obtained by using the same amplitude and the arithmetic difference π / 3 i U 、i Z 、i V 、i X 、iW 、i Y The six-phase fixed-point AC current is equivalent for the first time. (To distinguish it from the mechanical angle, the electrical angle is measured in radians and is also called electrical radians.) Three-phase and six-phase are different mathematical models of the same physical process and are different fixed-point modes that are equivalent to each other. For a six-phase current with a clockwise current phase sequence, the middle phase of the three adjacent phases is called the "middle term"; the leading phase is called the "leading term"; and the lagging phase is called the "first term". The points of action and amplitude trajectories of all positive and negative half-cycles of sinusoidal alternating currents can be divided into a fast-rising section, a peak section, and a fast-falling section, each of which occupies π / 3 arc degrees. Enlarge the alternating cycle to six seconds, and the circle and cross ⊕ represent inflow, the solid dot ● represents outflow, and the radius change indicates the size. See the animation screenshot of the arithmetic π / 3 six-phase fixed-point current Figure 1 (Replace it with the commonly used symbol of three-phase current with arithmetic difference of 2π / 3, and it is the three-phase current diagram). Figure 1 It can be seen that, except for the zero-crossing point, in each π / 3 period, there are always three adjacent phases that are inflows, and the other three phases that are outflows, and the first phase's fast-rising segment, the middle phase's peak segment, and the first phase's fast-falling segment are changing synchronously. This forms a synchronized inflow and outflow amplitude that fluctuates clockwise. In the next π / 3 period, the entire circular space rotates 60° clockwise and repeats the changes of the previous period. In the 2π cycle, the above changes are repeated six times. The clockwise wave trajectory of inflow and outflow covers the entire circumference, and then repeats itself. That is, Figure 1 In the animation, the undulating field current of the stator fixed-point mode is displayed using the dynamic image method.

[0004] Fixed-point current i in the effective edge Y, Z Y with i Z , virtual edge I can be moved by alignment YZ In the process, the equivalent current i flows YZ Equivalent. Figure 2 In the figure, the two fixed-point sinusoidal currents i with a phase difference of 2π / 3 Y with i Z , using the vector method, we can get the equivalent current i YZ , see Figure 2 Table 1 uses the list method to solve i YZ Neither of them can find i YZ with i U The difference Table 1. Fixed-point current i Y with i Z And the combined equivalent current i YZ , Time-sharing amplitude comparison table (inflow positive, outflow negative) -π / 3 -π / 6 0 π / 6 π / 3 π / 2 2π / 3 5π / 6 π 7π / 6 4π / 3 3π / 2 5π / 3 <![CDATA[i Y ]]> 0 0.5 0.86 1 0.86 0.5 0 -0.5 -0.86 -1 -0.86 -0.5 0 <![CDATA[i Z ]]> -0.86 -1 -0.86 -0.5 0 0.5 0.86 1 0.86 0.5 0 -0.5 -0.86 <![CDATA[i YZ ]]> -0.86 -0.5 0 0.5 0.86 1 0.86 0.5 0 -0.5 -0.86 -1 -0.86 When using the instantaneous value of i Y +i Z =i YZWhen the trigonometric product formula of algebraic method sinα+sinβ=2sin{(α+β) / 2}cos{(α-β) / 2}, we have: i YZ =sin(ωt+π / 3)+sin(ωt-π / 3) =2sin〔(ωt+π / 3+ωt-π / 3) / 2〕cos〔(ωt+π / 3–ωt+π / 3) / 2]=2sinωt×cos(π / 3)=sinωt can get i Y +i Z =i YZ ≈i U ， Although I YZ Amplitude change and i U Same, but i YZ The instantaneous point of action varies with i Y with i Z The line moves depending on the change of different instantaneous values. YZ ≈i U The Ampere loop law is extended to solve the two fixed-point currents i with a phase difference of 2π / 3. Y with i Z The equivalent current i YZ The point of action method is as follows: I. During the period of two current reversals, i YZ The point of action is naturally fixed at the end where the absolute value is larger. YZ In the initial π / 6 period of the inflow and outflow half-cycle, the time-sharing fixed point rises at the left end point Y; in the final π / 6 period, the time-sharing fixed point falls at the right end point Z II. During the period when the two currents are in the same direction, i YZ Where is the point of action? This becomes a problem that needs to be solved urgently. The calculation method of solving the equivalent center of gravity of two spheres in physics is introduced into the calculation of the instantaneous point of action of the equivalent current. Let the line segment YZ=L, and the midpoint is O. Then X YO =[i Y / (i Y +i Z )]×L; X OZ =[i Z / (i Y +i Z )]×L respectively calculate i YZ The trajectory of the action points in the upper and lower half cycles. That is, in the middle 2π / 3 period of the same inflow in the upper half cycle and the same outflow in the lower half cycle, the same trajectory moves along the fixed line YZ (the line connecting the centers of the two effective sides). The direction of movement is always from the leading term to the lagging term (variable with the six-phase or three-phase phase sequence direction) See the animation screenshot Figure 3-Figure 5 III. This kind of sinusoidal current i has two half-cycles with the action points rising and falling at fixed points at both ends and moving along a fixed line in the middle.YZ , which is called the fixed line moving current. YZ The radius of i YZ Amplitude change description. That is, the phase difference is 2π / 3 Y with i Z , you can use the purple fork circle virtual edge I moving along the fixed line YZ In the process, the current i YZ Equivalent. It is called the moving virtual edge equivalent current method. The purple dotted line records i YZ The trajectory of the point of action. YZ The variable radius represents the instantaneous amplitude. The amplitude trajectory is recorded with a dotted line. The inflow in the first half of the cycle is purple, and the outflow in the second half of the cycle is black. This dynamically and vividly describes the sinusoidal alternating current i moving along the fixed line. YZ Therefore, it is concluded that two fixed-point currents with phase difference can be naturally converted into fixed-line moving currents, which becomes the basis of the innovative theory.

[0005] The two fixed-point sinusoidal currents with a phase difference of φ are equivalent to the general formula of the equivalent current flowing through the fixed-line moving virtual edge. Suppose that the fixed-point sinusoidal currents i with the same frequency, amplitude = 1 and phase difference of φ flow through the two effective edges D and E of the space respectively. D with i E , the phase difference φ ranges from 0≤φ≤π. Since the electrical angle φ varies in a large range, the fast rise section, peak section and fast fall section of the positive and negative half-cycle amplitude trajectory of the equivalent current change accordingly. According to the trigonometric sum product formula, we have I, general formula 1: equivalent current i DE =i D +i E = sin(ωt) +sin(ωt-φ)=2cos(φ / 2) sin(ωt-φ / 2). That is, the amplitude is 2cos(φ / 2) and the phase difference is φ / 2. DE , on the virtual edge I moving along the alignment DE DE Flowing. DE Lag D (φ / 2), ahead i E (φ / 2) II. General formula 2: i DE The initial (π-φ) / 2 radian amplitude trajectory of the positive and negative half cycles is a fast rising segment, and the action point is fixed at the center of D, forming a time-sharing bidirectional linear rising amplitude trajectory. III. General formula 3: i DEThe equivalent current action point of the peak segment of the φ arc in the middle of the positive and negative half-cycles moves along the fixed line on the line segment DE in time division. The change of the peak segment amplitude corresponds to the equivalent action point one by one, forming a bidirectional peak segment amplitude trajectory of the positive and negative half-waves. The moving direction is always from the leading term to the lagging term. IV. General formula 4: i DE The positive and negative half-cycles end with a (π-φ) / 2 radian rapid descent segment, with the point of action fixed at the center of E, forming a time-sharing bidirectional linear descent amplitude trajectory.

[0006] Adjacent three-phase fixed point current i Y 、i U and i Z , virtual edge 2I can be moved by alignment U In the process, the current 2i flows U Equivalent. Figure 3-Figure 5 In the example, the phase difference of π / 3 is Y 、i U and i Z The three-phase fixed-point current is represented by the dark red cross circle moving the virtual edge 2I U In, flows through Y +i U +i Z =i YZ +i U =i YUZ =2i U is equivalent. YZ and i U The equivalent current of i YZ ≈i U The amplitude is equal at all times, but a fixed line moves and a fixed point rises and falls. YUZ =2i U The positive and negative half cycles of the two-way amplitude fast rise segment are divided into fixed points at the left end of the fixed line, that is, M2 on the 60° division line (M2 is the midpoint of the line connecting the centers of Y and U), and the two amplitude peak segments are divided into fixed points and two-way fast rise segments. YZ 2i U The purple dotted line M2 M3 (the median of the isosceles triangle that occupies 60° on the circumference) is 2i UThe trajectory of the fixed-line movement of the action point corresponds to the amplitude trajectory of the dotted line. The purple amplitude dotted line represents the inflow in the upper half of the cycle, and the black represents the outflow in the lower half of the cycle; the two speed reduction sections are time-sharing at the right end, that is, on the 120º dividing line M3, with fixed-point time-sharing and two-way speed reduction (M3 is the midpoint of the line connecting the centers of U and Z). Obviously, on the median line M2 M3 (outside), the widened purple dotted line inflow amplitude trajectory corresponds to the red dotted line inflow amplitude curve in the plane with time as the horizontal axis (outflow is omitted). The black outflow amplitude trajectory on the lower (inner) side of the median line M2 M3 narrows in the circular space. Similarly, it can be obtained that the other five groups of adjacent three-phase fixed-point currents are calculated using the 2i with an arithmetic difference of π / 3. Z 、2i V 、2i X 、2i W 、2i Y The equivalent current flows through the virtual edge 2I moving along the fixed line Z 、2I V , 2I X 、2I W 、2I Y Equivalent.

[0007] After the six-phase fixed-point currents with an arithmetic difference of π / 3 are combined in threes, six multiple currents with an arithmetic difference of π / 3 can be used. U ---2i Y Flow through virtual edge 2I moving along respective alignment (median line) U ---2I Y Equivalent. The six-term fixed-line moving alternating current pattern image method of the two-pole motor excitation current is shown in Figure 6-Figure 9 . Arithmetic progression π / 3 fixed line movement, alternating 2i U ---2i Y The six peak segments of the half-cycle amplitude trajectory flowing into the circular space are naturally connected in sequence to form a full-circle six-wave head double-amplitude pulsating DC inflow current with a starting and ending point at M1, and the three-color dotted line records its amplitude trajectory. The six dot midpoints are connected to form a three-color hexagon, recording the moving trajectory of the action point of the DC pulsating inflow current. Similarly, the six three-color thick dotted lines flowing out of the half-circle amplitude trajectory are naturally connected in sequence to form a full-circle, six-wave head double-amplitude pulsating DC outflow amplitude trajectory. The moving trajectory of the action point is the same three-color hexagon with a starting and ending point at M4. That is, the DC pulsating inflow and outflow current mode of the excitation current. Figure 6-Figure 9 In the figure, each peak segment of the six-amplitude-doubled current is synchronized with the rising segment of the lag term, and the subsequent falling segments are synchronized with the peak segment of the lag term, and appear at the same fixed point after the rising segment of the lag term. They are opposite in direction, overlap in space, and asynchronous in time.

[0008] The six-phase fixed-line moving current with an arithmetic difference of π / 3 is again equivalent to the pulsating DC excitation current flowing in and out along the hexagon in a synchronous and symmetrical manner. In the stator, the six-wave head DC pulsating current flowing in and out with double amplitude, starting at M1 and M4, is the pulsating DC mode of the excitation current. It, the fixed-point mode and the fixed-line moving mode are all three modes of excitation current that are naturally derived, objectively exist, and are equivalent to each other. The DC pulsating mode is the result of the fixed-line moving mode retaining only the smoothly connected peak segments and ignoring the overlapping parts. It can directly accompany the synchronous, symmetrical, hexagonal moving, and closed magnetic motive force.

[0009] The DC pulsating inflow and outflow excitation current of the stator of a three-phase motor are each accompanied by a synchronously symmetrical, reversely closed DC pulsating magnetomotive force that moves clockwise along the hexagon. The direction of the magnetomotive force is determined by the right-hand rule. The magnetic field strength of each point around it changes due to the different distances from the point of action, and the magnetic induction intensity is also affected by different magnetic resistances. Therefore, the magnetomotive force, magnetic field strength, and magnetic induction intensity of each point around the constantly moving point of action will not be constant. The direction of the magnetic field remains perpendicular to the direction of the inflow and outflow current. The actual closed magnetic circuit starts from the N-pole stator tooth of the stator slot, passes through the air gap and enters the rotor; bypasses the effective edge through the nearest rotor tooth and iron core; then passes through the air gap through the same slot rotor tooth (minimum magnetic resistance) and returns to the stator tooth of the S-pole in the same slot of the stator, and returns to the stator yoke. The shortest closed magnetic circuit is formed. That is, the two stator teeth in a single slot pass through two air gaps, and form a purple dotted closed magnetic circuit for the two teeth in a single slot of the rotor. The magnetic circuit only surrounds a pair of tooth slots and the corresponding two air gaps on the stator and rotor. See Figure 6-Figure 9 In the figure, the two purple dotted magnetic circuits with opposite arrows move along the hexagon. They must be equivalent magnetic circuits of equivalent excitation currents in multiple modes.

[0010] The rotatable rotor winding is used as the secondary side of the transformer, and the stator winding is used as the primary side, forming a three-phase transformer with a rotatable secondary side. In the stator primary side, the six-term double-amplitude equivalent current of the fixed-line moving mode is fixed-line alternating on the six moving virtual sides along the primary side of the transformer. The six effective sides of the rotor coil as the rotatable secondary side are surrounded by the magnetic motive force of the current in the nearest virtual moving primary side, inducing a reverse current and generating an opposite magnetic field. The rotor is attracted by the electromagnetic torque of the six-term moving magnetic field (current) of the stator, and drives the rotor to rotate with the stator hexagonal magnetic field. This is the working principle of the rotor secondary rotatable transformer of the three-phase motor. Alternatively, the excitation current of the DC pulsating that moves continuously and smoothly along the hexagon and is synchronously symmetrical, accompanied by a symmetrical pulsating magnetic motive force, respectively surrounds the two symmetrical effective sides of the nearest rotor, inducing a reverse current to form a pulsating circulation, which is attracted by the symmetrical pulsating magnetic field of the stator, generating a (pulsating) electromagnetic torque, and driving the rotor to rotate with the hexagonal magnetic field. During rated operation, the stator magnetic field locks the two effective sides of the symmetry, causing it to continuously induce synchronous, symmetrical reverse pulsating DC, accompanied by continuous electromagnetic torque, to maintain rated speed operation.

[0011] In general, set the pole pitch τ≡3 slots, set the frequency to f, and the number of pole pairs of the three-phase motor to p=1,2…N. The general formula is as follows: I. General formula 1: The number of poles is 2p II. General formula 2: Number of pole pitch slots τ = number of power phases m. Three-phase motor τ ≡ 3 slots III. General formula 3: Total number of slots Q = 2τ × p = 6p, six slots for two poles; twelve slots for four poles; eighteen slots for six poles; and so on. The center points of the ends of the 6p effective sides are connected to form a large regular 6p polygon. The midpoints of its 6p sides are then connected to form an inner regular 6p polygon. IV. General formula 4: The equivalent action point locus is an inner regular 6p polygon; the 6p vertices are M1, M2, …M 6P . That is, the midpoint of the large positive 6p side. A 2-pole 6-slot motor with P=1 is called a unit motor. The number of poles, total number of slots and number of positive 6p sides are proportional to the number of pole pairs p. V, general formula 5: The equivalent multiple current of the three fixed-point current of the first pair of poles is i YUZ =2i U =2sinωt. The amplitude is doubled, and the frequency and phase remain unchanged. Two pairs of poles with six consecutive slots constitute a unit motor. In each unit motor, the six fixed-line moving virtual edges flow through an equal difference π / 3 six-phase equivalent double amplitude fixed-line moving current, the frequency and phase remain unchanged, the phase band ≡π / 3 electric radians, and each pole ≡π electric radians remain unchanged. Under normal circumstances, a 2P-pole motor consists of P unit motors. There are a total of p groups of six effective edges, each of which flows through an equal difference π / 3 six-phase fixed-point current. P groups of six fixed-line moving virtual edges that can be changed synchronously 2I U ---2I Y In the process, a current 2i with a multiple of π / 3 flows. U ---2i Y Equivalent. In each π / 3 radian, there are p double-amplitude currents in the inflow half-cycle peak segment, and p double-amplitude currents spaced 180° / p degrees on the circumference are flowing out of the half-cycle peak segment. Forming each double-amplitude inflow and outflow peak segment moving on the 60° / p fixed line. In the next π / 3 radian, it is equivalent to the overall rotation of 60° / p, repeating the above double-amplitude inflow and outflow fixed line moving peak segment. Repeat three times within π radians, and the whole rotates 180° / p. In π-2π radians, repeat three more times, and the whole rotates 360° / p. Each repetition of inflow and outflow is interchanged and complements each other. In 2pπ radians, repeat 6P times, and the whole moves and rotates 360° along the regular 6P polygon. Symmetrical and reverse magnetomotive force is associated with the movement of current. That is, every 2π radians, there are p pairs of magnetic poles changing synchronously, and the stator magnetic field as a whole moves synchronously six slots (a pair of pole pitches), that is, 1 / p circumference. The next 2π radians rotate 2 / p circles. P 2π radians, the magnetomotive force in each opposite direction rotates smoothly and continuously in the same direction along the regular 6P polygon for a full circle. Fig.10This is the DC pulsating excitation current position diagram of a 12-slot quadruple regular dodecagon. The quadruple poles of the two unit motors move synchronously. After π radians rotate 1 / 4 circle, the next π radians flow in and out alternately, complementing each other. After 2π radians, it rotates 1 / 2 circle. After 4π radians, it rotates one circle. The multi-pole motor is analogous and will not be repeated. VI. General formula 6: Slot angle = line width = 360° / 6p = 60° / p VII. General formula 7: Pole angle = 360° / 2p = 180° / p; 6-10 The general formula parameters are inversely proportional to the pole pair number p VIII. General formula 8: speed n = 60f / p. Change the three-phase sequence to change the direction of the rotor rotation IX, general formula 9: the first 2i of the first pole pair U The two fast-rising sections are fixed at the 360° / 6p=60° / p dividing line M2, and the fixed-point rise X, general formula 10: the first 2i of the first pair of poles U The two descent sections are fixed at 360° / 2p - 360° / 6p = 360° (1 / 2p-1 / 6p) = 360° (3 / 6p -1 / 6p) = 360° (2 / 6p) = 120° / p on M3, and the amplitude is fixed. The three adjacent fixed-point current center points form an isosceles ΔUYZ with two base angles of 30° / p and a vertex angle of 180°-60° / p. XI. Similarly, the following five double equivalent currents of the three fixed-point currents with a difference of π / 3 radians have the same change rule. The other (p-1) pairs of poles repeat the change rule of the first pair of poles. XII. When p is an odd number, there are always magnetic poles with opposite directions of magnetic force lines around the point of action, symmetrical about the center of the circle, and alternating synchronously in time. XIII. When p is an even number, there are always magnetic poles with the same direction of magnetic field lines around the point of action, symmetrical about the center of the circle, and alternating synchronously in time. XIV. Each electromagnetic pole pitch ≡π electric radians, each phase belt ≡π / 3 electric radians remains unchanged, regardless of the number of pole pairs p. Since the pole pitch τ≡3 slots, each pair of poles that fills the space of six slots corresponds to 2π electric radians XV. When p>1, the winding arrangement rule is as follows: the total number of slots Q=2τ×p=6p; the six-slot six-phase current of the first pair of poles is compressed and alternated in the six slots of the 1 / p circle, and in the remaining circle of (p-1) / p, (p-1) groups of the same windings with the same six-phase current are sequentially copied. Ensure that the fixed-point currents flowing through the p groups in sequence maintain an arithmetic difference of π / 3 radians. Any adjacent three-phase fixed-point currents are naturally transformed into double-amplitude equivalent currents of fixed-line movement, flowing through their respective fixed-line movement virtual edges. Form p groups of double-amplitude equivalent currents that move synchronously along their respective (mid-line) fixed-line movement modes, smoothly connecting on the circumference and changing synchronously in time. P groups of synchronous and smoothly connected bidirectional magnetic motive forces with regular 6p-gonal trajectories are generated. When p=2, see Fig.10 . Figure 11-Figure 12 The stator winding distribution diagram of a three-phase 12-slot four-pole motor with p=2 is given. The six-phase fixed points U---Y are in the upper semicircle, and the symmetrical fixed points U'---Y' are in the lower semicircle. The whole circle is arithmetic 30° in space and π / 3 radians in time. The image equivalent to two inflows and two outflows of 12-term double-amplitude fixed-line moving currents is shown, moving half a circle along 12 midpoint lines in 0-2π radians. The excitation current speed has been halved. The black dotted isosceles ΔUYZ has a vertex angle of 150° and a base angle of 15°. The base YZ =2YU×COS15° (1), the midpoint M2M3= YZ / 2=YU×COS15° (2), and the midpoint M'2M'3=W'UCOS30° (3) of the 6-slot khaki dashed isosceles ΔUW'V, because W'U=YZ. Therefore, we have M'2M'3=2YU×COS15°COS30° =2YU×COS15°COS30° (4). Dividing (2) by (4), we can get the ratio of the two mid-line M2M3 / M'2M'3=1 / 2COS30°=1 / √3=0.577. Obviously, the 12-slot mid-line becomes shorter and farther away from the rotor. The mechanical work done by the single effective side of the stator on the electromagnetic force of the rotor will be reduced. Fortunately, the number of poles increases, the effective side increases, and the power should be basically the same. When p=3,4…N, as the number of poles increases, the number of slots increases, the length of the mid-line becomes shorter and farther away from the rotor XVI. For single-phase (two-phase) AC motors, the pole pitch τ≡2 slots, the total number of slots Q≡4p, the phase belt ≡π / 2 radians, and the action point locus is a regular 4p-gon formed by connecting the centers of 4p effective sides. Under each pair of poles, the four terms of π / 2 are arithmetic steps and √2 times the fixed line moving current. The same is true for other motors.

[0012] The current three-phase AC motor does not follow the principle of pole pitch τ ≡ 3 slots. Usually the pole pitch is τ = 6, 12, 18, 24... slots, that is, the number of slots in the pole-phase group is q = 2, 3, 4, 5..., which leaves the root cause of electromagnetic torque oscillation. The following takes the two-pole motor with Q = 12 slots as an example to analyze adding a slot in the middle of the six slots of the two poles and inserting six effective edges with the same phase as the current in the previous slot. That is, the current situation of 12 slots in the two poles, the number of pole pitch slots τ = 6, and the number of slots in the pole-phase group q = 2. See Figure 13-Figure 16 Since the total number of slots Q=12 is doubled, the slot pitch angle = 360° / 12=30°. The centers of the effective sides are connected to form a large regular dodecagon. The analysis is as follows: I. The original intention of increasing the number of adjacent slots in phase is that as the effective current increases, the electromagnetic torque should increase, and the magnetomotive force will be more uniform. This may also be the original intention of the current motor with up to 5 or even more adjacent slots in phase under each pole. II. But the actual situation is that the same-phase currents in adjacent slots destroy the three-phase equal difference. Fig.14 In the example, the effective sides U and U' of two adjacent slots flow with sinusoidal currents of equal amplitude and phase. U =i U' This is a special case of the boundary where the phase difference φ=0 in item 〔05〕. After calculation and superposition by general formula 1, the equivalent current amplitude is doubled, which is recorded as i UU' =2cos(φ / 2) sin (ωt -φ / 2)= 2i U' = 2i U . The width of the fixed line movement calculated by general formula 4 is zero. There is no fixed line movement part. Because the instantaneous value and flow direction are equal at the same time, the equivalent action point is fixed at the midpoint of the line connecting the two effective sides UU'. And the associated fixed point 2i U Magnetomotive force. That is, the same phase of the adjacent slot can only be equivalent to twice the fixed point current. The other five adjacent slots are similar in phase, equivalent to 2i with a fixed point arithmetic difference of π / 3 Z ---2i Y III. Two currents in adjacent slots with different phases and a phase difference of π / 3. According to item 〔05〕, φ=π / 3 can be moved by Y'U along the virtual edge I connecting the centers of the two effective edges. Y'U In the example, the equivalent current i with a phase difference of π / 6 flows through Y'U =√3i Y' The other five adjacent slots are out of phase and are moved by the same line by √3i U' ---√3i W' Equivalence IV. The amplitude of the two out-of-phase equivalent fixed-line moving current is reduced to √3. Compared with the two-pole six-slot with the same speed, not only the amplitude is reduced, but the fixed-line moving length is reduced from the median line of the hexagon to 60% of the side length of the regular 12-gon, and the distance from the rotor is increased, and the work done by the electromagnetic force is reduced by nearly half. Fig.16This is a dynamic screenshot of ωt=π / 2. It can be seen that the difference between the fixed line Y'U and the six-slot two-pole fixed line M'2M'3 and the distance from the effective side of the rotor increases. V. In the 12 effective sides, the adjacent slots are in phase and out of phase with each other. The six double fixed-point currents isolate the six segments of √3 fixed-line currents. The associated magnetic motive force is intermittent and does not play a role in balancing the magnetic field. VI. What is even more abominable is that the same-phase current in adjacent slots of the stator is equivalent to 2i U After that, it is still a fixed-point excitation current. Its magnetic motive force must be fixed at the midpoint of the two effective sides and no longer move. When the stator fixed-point magnetic motive force approaches the electromagnetic torque of the rotor current (magnetic pole), it attracts acceleration. When it deviates, it still attracts and decelerates, and the average electromagnetic torque is zero. Not only does it not play a role in increasing the electromagnetic torque, but it causes the rotor electromagnetic torque to oscillate. It becomes the root cause of the AC motor jitter during acceleration, deceleration and speed regulation; the synchronous machine cannot start automatically; and the generator is strongly vibrated when fully loaded. VII. After removing the same phase of the adjacent slot, the fixed line movement restores the three-phase combination. The torque oscillation disappears, the excitation current and magnetomotive force resume smooth and continuous pulsation, and the amplitude returns to twice.

[0013] The number of pole pitch slots of the new three-phase motor is τ≡3, that is, the number of pole phase slots is q≡1, and the total number of slots is Q≡6p. This is to prevent adjacent slots from being in phase, and ensure that the six-phase fixed-point current of the P group is naturally equivalent to a synchronous, continuous, and smoothly connected moving current along the 6p-gon fixed line. The continuous 6p-gon fixed line moving magnetic motive force is generated. There will be no more electromagnetic torque oscillation of the three-phase motor. The effect is as follows I. The prime mover load of the generator is kept balanced, and there is no strong vibration caused by fixed-point magnetic motive force when the generator is fully loaded. II. Synchronous motors and synchronous reluctance motors can start automatically. No frequency conversion or squirrel cage is required to achieve self-starting. Energy saving, material saving, noise reduction III. The variable frequency speed control system for synchronous, reluctance and asynchronous AC motors starts and runs smoothly and reliably. There will be no speed oscillation caused by fixed-point magnetic motive force, which will cause jitter during starting, braking and speed control. The speed control range is expanded and the performance is stable. The direction of rotation is determined by the phase sequence, and there is no need to judge the rotor position. The control is simplified, and the dominant position of AC motor speed control is restored. IV. Under the condition of constant speed, the number of pole pitch slots τ≡3, the number of stator windings of the current motor is reduced by more than half, the same amount of electric power is saved, the heat is reduced by the same amount, and the electromagnetic noise is greatly reduced. The speed regulation frequency width and stability are greatly improved. The economic benefits are significant and imperative V. All previous damping measures for electromagnetic vibration defects can be eliminated. This will simplify the manufacturing process and further improve efficiency. For example, the number of slots in the stator and rotor will be restored to the same. Measures such as eliminating skew slots, fractional slots, and short stator coils can be eliminated. VI. Make full use of the maximum number of slots in the stator to maximize the number of slots in the motor, develop high-torque ultra-low-speed motors, and completely eliminate mechanical reducers VII. For single-phase (two-phase) AC motors, the pole pitch τ≡2 slots, the total number of slots Q≡4p, the phase belt ≡π / 2 radians, and the action point trajectory is a regular 4p-gon formed by connecting the centers of 4p effective sides. Each pair of poles has a π / 2 quadrilateral √2 times fixed line moving current. It is forbidden to have opposite phases in adjacent slots and the same phase in adjacent slots.

[0014] In summary, the equivalent excitation current flows in and out in a pulsating DC mode along the smooth movement of the hexagon. The accompanying virtual edge moves around and moves smoothly along the hexagon, and the magnetomotive force is closed in each reverse direction. Its amplitude trajectory is the same as the current trajectory I. The six virtual sides of the stator moving along the six neutral lines act as the primary sides of the transformer, and the six effective sides of the rotatable rotor are induced by the nearby stator double amplitude alternating current to produce a reverse current of the opposite magnetic field, and are attracted by the electromagnetic torque of the moving hexagonal stator magnetic field, and rotate accordingly. II. The three-phase motor maintains a pole pitch τ≡3 slots, which prevents the currents in two adjacent slots from being in phase. No matter how the number of poles p changes, the magnetic motive force flowing in and out of the DC pulsation moving along the 6p polygon can be kept smooth and continuous. There is no fixed point magnetic motive force to produce reverse electromagnetic torque. Therefore, the synchronous machine can start automatically; the motor speed regulation system is stable; the generator prime mover system load is uniform III. This theory also applies to single-phase (two-phase) AC motors IV. The equivalent action point of the magnetic field moving around the equivalent current, its closed magnetic circuit is still the magnetic circuit with the minimum magnetic resistance closed by two teeth of the stator and rotor through two air gaps. That is, it provides a basis for the theory of minimum magnetic resistance passing over the rotor. It provides a new design idea for magnetic resistance and magnetic pole distribution. V, the currents in adjacent slots of the stator are in phase, which is still equivalent to the fixed-point excitation current. The fixed-point magnetomotive force produces a reverse electromagnetic torque theory on the rotor. It is also applicable to DC and other types of motors and is universal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 , dynamic screenshot of arithmetic difference π / 3 six-phase fixed-point current (arithmetic difference 2π / 3 three-phase fixed-point current is also applicable).

[0016] Figure 2 , fixed point current i Y and fixed-point current i Z Vector addition of .

[0017] Figure 3 , Move virtual edge I YZ The equivalent current i flows through YZ and in virtual mobile edge 2I U The equivalent current 2i flows through U, when ωt=π / 6, dynamic screenshot.

[0018] Figure 4 , equivalent current i YZ and the equivalent current 2i U , when ωt=π / 2, dynamic screenshot.

[0019] Figure 5 , equivalent current i YZ and the equivalent current 2i U , dynamic screenshot when ωt=5π / 6.

[0020] Figure 6 , six Item alignment movement mode 2i U ---2i Y The equivalent current is connected into the equivalent current and magnetomotive force of the DC pulsating mode, and a dynamic screenshot is taken when ωt=0.

[0021] Figure 7 , six Item alignment movement mode 2i U ---2i Y The equivalent current is connected to the DC pulsating mode equivalent current and magnetomotive force, and the dynamic screenshot is taken when ωt=π / 2.

[0022] Figure 8 , six Item alignment movement mode 2i U ---2i Y The equivalent current is connected to form the equivalent current and magnetomotive force in the DC pulsating mode, and a dynamic screenshot is taken when ωt=π.

[0023] Fig. 9 , six Item alignment movement mode 2i U ---2i Y The equivalent current is connected to the DC pulsating mode equivalent current and magnetomotive force, and the dynamic screenshot is taken when ωt=3π / 4.

[0024] Fig.10 , Four The pole-12-slot three-phase motor is compressed in two semicircles with two groups of six-phase fixed-point excitation currents symmetrically distributed along the inner regular twelve-gon.

[0025] Fig.11 , Four The pole-12-slot three-phase motor has two groups of six-phase fixed-point excitation currents, and the three-three groups form a narrowed, symmetrical double excitation current starting point position diagram that moves along the neutral line.

[0026] Fig.12 , FourThe symmetrical double moving excitation current of the three-pole, 12-slot three-phase motor along the neutral line is taken as a dynamic screenshot when ωt=π / 2.

[0027] Fig.13 , 12 Position diagram of a two-pole three-phase motor with six groups of adjacent slots with the same-phase fixed-point currents evenly distributed on the circumference.

[0028] Fig.14 , 12 The starting point position diagram of the six-phase double current of six groups of adjacent slots with the same phase fixed point at the midpoint at the two poles of the slot and the three-fold current of six groups of adjacent slots with different phases fixed point at the root.

[0029] Fig.15 , 12 The three-fold current alignment of the six groups of adjacent slots with different phases, when ωt=π / 2, is shown in the dynamic screenshot. The alignment length and orientation are compared with the alignment of the six slots and the two poles.

[0030] Fig.16 , 12 At the two poles of the slot, six groups of adjacent slots with the same phase have double current at the midpoint and six groups of adjacent slots with different phases have triple current with the moving root of the fixed line. When ωt=π / 2, dynamic screenshot is taken. Specific implementation method:

[0031] Step 1, the present invention is a method of eliminating the electromagnetic torque oscillation commonly found in existing motors by reasonably arranging the position and current phase of the stator winding of the AC motor on the circumference to generate a continuous symmetrical pulsating excitation current and magnetomotive force moving along a regular polygon. Therefore, the national standards of the original AC motor remain unchanged. In order to ensure different currents for motors of different powers, the calculation methods of the relevant stator winding wire diameters and the number of turns are still applicable. In order to prevent adjacent slots from being in phase, the design of the stator winding of all new three-phase motors requires that the number of pole pitch slots τ≡3 slots, that is, the total number of slots Q≡6p, and the number of pole phase groups remains q=1. See item 〔11〕 for details. The current stator has more than 6p slots that are empty and the number of slots is not counted. All new single-phase (two-phase) motors have a pole pitch τ≡2 slots, a total number of slots Q≡4p, and the number of slots that are empty and the number of slots that are more than 4p are not counted.

[0032] Step 2: In the design of the new stator three-phase winding, the current phases in the effective sides of all equally spaced adjacent slots should be equal, so as to ensure that the equivalent current of the three-phase excitation current forms a continuous symmetrical pulsating excitation current and magnetomotive force moving along the fixed line of the regular 6p polygon. At present, the three-phase phases are equal to π / 3. (Single-phase 4p, phase difference π / 2).

[0033] Step 3, for the current motor stator with pole-phase group q=2-6, after the adjacent slots with the same phase are removed, many empty slots appear. According to the new theory: I. It can be modified into a multi-stage low-speed high-torque motor with q times the original pole number. The number of coils remains unchanged, the pitch becomes smaller, and the impedance decreases with the pitch. In order to maintain the current and electromagnetic torque unchanged, the wire diameter will be reduced with the pitch. II. Keep the number of motor poles and speed unchanged, and leave extra slots. Connect one coil per phase. If the impedance is reduced to 1 / q, the wire diameter will be much smaller and the number of turns will also increase if the current and electromagnetic torque are maintained. III. The design principle for changes in coil current, number of turns and wire diameter is to keep the total number of ampere-turns of the effective side of the original phase difference π / 3 unchanged (the slot fullness factor needs to be considered) and the electromagnetic torque will meet the load torque requirements.

[0034] Step 4. There are many types of motors. The pitch, wire diameter and number of turns of the coil can be redesigned according to different series, voltage, current, power, speed, protection level, energy efficiency level, duty cycle and other parameters to meet the requirements of current and electromagnetic torque.

Claims

1. A new type of AC motor with symmetrical DC pulsating current excitation along a regular polygon, the main feature of which is that the fixed-point excitation current of the stator winding can be equivalent to the action point trajectory moving along the regular polygon fixed line, and the amplitude trajectory is the inflow and outflow current of the symmetrical DC pulsation. The scope includes all AC motor stators. The specific characteristics are: (1) The stator pole pitch of the three-phase motor τ≡3 slots, the total number of slots Q=6p, and the phase difference of the adjacent slot current is π / 3. Ensure that the three-phase fixed-point excitation current of the stator can be naturally equivalent to the action point along the regular 6p polygon trajectory; the amplitude trajectory is within π radians, and the p groups of phase-to-phase three-wave head fixed line move the DC pulsation synchronously and symmetrically and continuously and smoothly. After π radians, the alternation is followed by the inflow and outflow interchange. (2) The stator pole pitch of the single-phase (two-phase after capacitor phase shifting) motor τ≡2 slots, the total number of slots is 4p, and the phase difference of the adjacent slot current is π / 2. The stator current is naturally equivalent to the point of action along the regular 4p polygon. The amplitude trajectory is within π radians, and the p phase-to-phase two-wave head DC pulsation is synchronously symmetrical, continuously and smoothly flowing in and out. After π radians, it alternates, and the inflow and outflow are interchanged as the follow-up. (3) The equivalent excitation current of the regular 6p or 4p polygon fixed line moving symmetrical DC pulsation. The accompanying pulsating magnetic potential surrounds the respective points of action, the magnetic circuit is closed, and it moves continuously and smoothly along the 6p or 4p polygon, and is symmetrical.

2. The symmetrical DC pulsating equivalent excitation current along the regular polygon according to claim 1 is specifically characterized in that: Item 0005 in the specification provides two fixed-point sinusoidal currents 𝑖 with a phase difference of φ D with E , the phase difference φ ranges from 0≤φ≤π. Its equivalent current 𝑖 DE =𝑖 D +𝑖 E =sin(ωt) +sin(ωt-φ) =2cos(φ / 2) sin(ωt-φ / 2). That is, the amplitude is 2cos(φ / 2). It is the theoretical core of the fixed line moving equivalent current. When φ=0, the adjacent slots are in phase; when φ=π / 3, it is applied to three-phase motors; when φ=π / 2, it is applied to two-phase motors; when φ=2π / 3, it is suitable for three-phase motors that add the middle phase and calculate the sum of the adjacent three phases; when φ=π, it is applied to the analysis of the reverse phase of the adjacent slots of concentrated windings and two-phase motors. This theory will become the basic analysis method for the excitation current and magnetomotive force amplitude, phase and whether it is continuous and smooth for various AC motors.

3. According to claim 1, the pulsating DC equivalent excitation current with the action point moving symmetrically along the regular polygon fixed line. The specific feature is that: in the reasoning process, the two-pole three-phase fixed-point current is equivalent to the six-phase fixed-point current, and then transitions to the equivalent mode of the six-term fixed line movement, and finally the regular hexagonal pulsating DC equivalent mode is derived. See Figure 2-Figure 9. The equivalent excitation currents of the three modes are all equivalent excitation currents of the three-phase excitation current with an arithmetic difference of 2π / 3. That is, different mathematical model expressions are equivalent to each other and are used in different occasions.

4. According to claim 1, the pulsating DC equivalent excitation current whose action point moves symmetrically along the fixed line of the regular polygon, that is, the action point trajectory moves along the hexagon, and the symmetrical pulsating magnetomotive force of each closed magnetic circuit. The specific feature is that the right-hand rule determines the direction of the magnetic field of each closed virtual edge. Each closed magnetic circuit starts from the N-pole tooth connected to the stator yoke, enters the rotor tooth through the air gap, and then passes through the rotor core and the adjacent rotor teeth through the air gap to return to the S-pole stator tooth, forming each closed magnetic circuit. That is, the closed shortest magnetic circuit formed by two adjacent stator teeth and two rotor teeth passing through two air gaps. That is, the common magnetic circuit of various modes of equivalent excitation current.

5. According to claim 1, the pulsating DC equivalent excitation current with the action point moving symmetrically along the regular polygon fixed line, in item 0011 of the specification, the three-phase motor frequency is given as f, the pole pitch τ≡3 slots, and the number of pole pairs p=1,2…N. The specific features are: The total number of slots is Q = 6p; all adjacent slot currents are π / 3 out of phase; each adjacent six slots is a unit motor. p groups of six-term double-amplitude fixed-line mobile mode currents; the centers of the 6p effective sides are connected to form a large regular 6p polygon; the midpoints of its 6p sides are connected to form an inner regular 6p polygon; the equivalent action point trajectory is an inner regular 6p polygon; the 6p vertices are, M1, M2…M 6p ; Speed ​​n=60f / p; The equivalent current of the first pole three slots is 𝑖 YUZ =2𝑖 U = 2sinωt; the amplitude is doubled, the frequency and phase are consistent with the middle phase (the phase-charge angle π / 3 radians remain unchanged); the frequency and phase of the current flowing through the first fixed-line moving virtual edge of the first pair of poles remain unchanged, and the currents flowing through the remaining fixed-line moving virtual edges are sorted according to the arithmetic difference π / 3 double middle term; P pairs of poles are p unit motors. The six slots of each unit motor occupy 1 / p of the circumference. Within 2π radians in time, the P pairs of poles change synchronously; the first pole 2𝑖 U The two π / 3 fast rise segments are fixed at the 360º / 6p=60º / p graduation line, and the amplitude rises at a fixed point. U The two π / 3 speed-drop sections are fixed at the upper amplitude of 360º / 2p - 360º / 6p = 360º (2 / 6p) = 120º / p. The rest are similar.

6. When φ=0, the adjacent slots are in phase according to claim 2. The specific feature is that the in-phase current of the adjacent slots is equivalent to the double current of the fixed point at the midpoint of the line connecting the two. The associated fixed point double magnetomotive force. The reverse current is induced in the effective side of the rotor nearest to the rotor, and the electromagnetic torque is the acceleration torque when approaching, and the attraction is the deceleration torque when departing (the average torque is zero). Not only is the total work zero, but it also causes the rotor electromagnetic torque to oscillate. The fixed point double magnetomotive force makes the fixed line moving magnetomotive force with an amplitude of √3 intermittent (the fixed line moving magnetomotive force is composed of two phases with an equal difference of π / 3); the moving distance is shortened by nearly 40%, and the distance from the effective side of the rotor is increased, and the work done by the electromagnetic force is significantly reduced. This leads to the inability of the synchronous motor to self-start, the low-speed oscillation of the AC speed regulation, and the strong vibration of the AC power generation system at full load. Therefore, the in-phase current of the adjacent slots must be eliminated from the new motor. The conclusion that the in-phase of the adjacent slots induces electromagnetic torque oscillation is also applicable to other motors such as DC motors.

7. According to the six-term fixed-line moving equivalent mode described in claim 3, the working principle of the rotatable secondary transformer of the AC motor can be deduced. The specific feature is that for a two-pole six-slot three-phase motor, the rotatable rotor winding serves as the secondary side of the transformer, and the stator winding serves as the primary side, forming a six-phase transformer with a rotatable secondary side. In the stator primary side, six-term fixed-line moving multiple-amplitude currents with an equal difference of π / 3 flow through, alternating in the six virtual moving primary sides of the transformer. The six effective sides of the rotor coil, which serves as the rotatable secondary side, are surrounded by the closed magnetic field of the current in the nearest virtual moving primary side, inducing a reverse current that generates an opposite magnetic field, accepting the electromagnetic torque attraction of the stator moving magnetic field, and driving the rotor winding to rotate with the stator hexagonal magnetic field. That is, the working principle of the rotor secondary rotatable transformer of the three-phase motor. Or the equivalent mode of the hexagonal symmetrical pulsating DC according to claim 3 explains the rotation principle, and the specific characteristics are: the six-wave head symmetrical magnetomotive force, when starting, the two symmetrical effective sides of the rotor are induced with the reverse current of the opposite pulsating magnetic field to form a circulating current, and are attracted by the symmetrical magnetic field of the stator, generating an electromagnetic moment couple, driving the rotor winding to rotate with the hexagonal magnetic field. During rated operation, the stator magnetic field locks the two symmetrical effective sides, so that it continuously induces synchronous and symmetrical reverse pulsating DC, generates continuous electromagnetic moment couple, and maintains rated operation.

8. According to claim 4, the action point trajectory moves along the hexagon, and the stator of each closed magnetic circuit symmetrically pulsates the magnetomotive force. According to the shortest magnetic path theory, in a synchronous motor, the magnetomotive force does not pass through the rotor, but passes through the rotor along the nearest shortest magnetic path. This is a major discovery in this invention that is no less than the fixed line moving current. It will bring about a huge change in the rotor of the new AC motor.

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