Cichorium intybus planting method and application of cichorium intybus in goose breeding

Abstract

The invention provides a cichorium intybus planting method and application of the cichorium intybus in goose breeding, and relates to the technical field of planting and breeding, in particular to the cichorium intybus planting method comprising the following steps: (1) soil pretreatment, (2) seed treatment and sowing, and (3) management after sowing. The cichorium intybus cultivated by the method disclosed by the invention is low in morbidity rate, high in yield, high in nutritive value and capable of being efficiently applied to goose breeding.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of breeding and cultivation, and in particular to a chicory planting method and application thereof in goose breeding. [Background technology]

[0002] Chicory is a perennial root plant of the Asteraceae family. Its stem is erect, solitary, and all the stems and branches are green with stripes. The basal leaves are rosette-shaped, survive the flowering period, and are oblanceolate and oblong. There are a few stem leaves, which are small, ovate-oblanceolate to lanceolate, and sessile. There are many capitula, which are solitary or several are gathered at the top of the stem or branch, or 2-8 are arranged in a group along the flower branch into spikes. The involucre is cylindrical, with two layers of involucral bracts, the outer layer is lanceolate, the upper half is green, and herbaceous; the inner layer of involucral bracts is linear-lanceolate; the ligulate florets are blue with spots. The leaves of chicory are tender and taste good, with high utilization rate and rich nutrition. They can be used as feed and are loved by pigs, ducks, chickens, fish and other animals.

[0003] Chicory prefers a warm and humid climate, has strong cold resistance and few insect pests. However, it is prone to serious root rot during its growth period. This is generally caused by waterlogging and lack of oxygen in the soil, and manifests as root rot, corky wounds, etc. Continuous cropping should be avoided. In addition, although chicory has few insect pests and is relatively easy to grow, its nutrient content does not have much advantage.

[0004] Goose meat is a common food in daily life. It is tender and delicious. It has the nourishing effects of warming the spleen, replenishing qi and nourishing blood. Meat geese have been intensively raised on a large scale. In the process of raising meat geese, the most important part is feeding and management. The selection of meat goose feed with reasonable formulation and scientific nutrition is the basic premise for maximizing breeding benefits. Chinese patent CN201711224000.X, a formula feed for enhancing the immunity of meat geese, discloses feed for raising geese, including corn 65-75, brown rice 15-18, rye flour 12-15, soybean meal 18-22, rye straw 15-18, beet seed 3-4, green tea powder 3-4, lichen powder 3-4, snake gall powder 1-2, pig bone powder 2-3, sweet potato residue 12-15, stone powder 1-2, almond powder 2-3, cuttlefish powder 2-3, peanut vine 5-6, duck tongue grass 3-4, chicory 4-5, appropriate amount of salt, attractant 0.2-0.5. The feed ingredients disclosed in this patent are numerous and the preparation is relatively complicated.

[0005] Based on this, the present application proposes a chicory planting method, and uses the chicory cultivated by this special planting method to breed geese. [Summary of the invention]

[0006] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a chicory planting method. The chicory planted by the method has low morbidity and high yield, and the obtained chicory has high nutritional value and can be efficiently used in goose farming.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A chicory planting method and application thereof in goose breeding, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Soil pretreatment: till the soil evenly and then add rice husks to the soil;

[0010] (2) Seed treatment and sowing: Take chicory seeds, dry them in the sun for 1-3 days, then leave them at a temperature of 24-26° C. and a humidity of 60-70% for 12-24 hours, and then soak them in the treatment solution for 8-10 hours to complete the seed treatment; sow the treated chicory seeds, and apply organic fertilizer after sowing;

[0011] (3) Management after sowing: When chicory starts to grow flower buds, spray nutrient solution at a rate of 600-900 kg / mu in the plantation. After the chicory blooms, it can be mowed. In addition, organic fertilizer is applied once every 1-2 weeks, and the specific amount of organic fertilizer is 800-1200 kg / mu.

[0012] In the present invention, further, in the step (1), the rice husk is mixed with the soil from the surface of the soil layer to a depth of 8-10 cm in a mass ratio of 1:3-4, and then the soil is leveled.

[0013] In the present invention, further, the treatment liquid in step (2) is obtained by mixing apple peels and sterile water in a mass ratio of 1:5-8, then crushing them, and then removing the residue.

[0014] In the present invention, further, the sowing in step (2) is performed in two rows per furrow, with a sowing depth of 1-3 cm, and a layer of fine soil is covered after sowing.

[0015] In the present invention, further, the organic fertilizer in step (2) is obtained by mixing corn stalks, bean curd residue, plant ash and fish bone meal in a mass ratio of 3-4:1-2:1:1, then adding an organic fermentation agent of 0.01-0.05 times the mass of the mixture, mixing well, standing for 5-8 hours, then turning the pile and adding 3-5 times the mass of the mixture of rural sewage, and continuing to ferment for 3-5 days, and then obtaining the organic fertilizer. The organic fermentation agent is a commercially available Jinbaobei fermentation agent.

[0016] In the present invention, further, the nutrient solution in step (3) is obtained by mixing tangerine peel extract, wormwood extract and purslane extract in a mass ratio of 2-3:1-2:1. The extract is obtained by adding 75% ethanol by volume to the raw materials (tangerine peel / wormwood / purslane) at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6 and leaching for 80 minutes at 55°C, concentrating the extract to 1 / 6 of the original volume, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the extract of each raw material.

[0017] The present application also provides a method for raising geese, comprising using the chicory cultivated in the above-mentioned manner as feed for raising geese, wherein the goose raising period is the fattening period of the geese, specifically 40-70 days of age, and the raising method is to feed the geese with special feed during the fattening period of the geese, wherein the special feed is composed of a basic daily diet and chicory slurry mixed in a mass ratio of 8:2.

[0018] Specifically, the basic diet is a corn-soybean meal-based basic diet, which is purchased from the market.

[0019] In the present invention, further, the chicory grass pulp is obtained by adding water in an amount 2-3 times the mass of chicory grass collected after flowering into a crusher for crushing.

[0020] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The present invention proposes a method for planting chicory. First, the applicant found that the roots of chicory are prone to root rot during planting. Before sowing, the applicant pre-treats the soil by mixing rice husks with the soil to make the surface soil looser, thereby preventing the soil from becoming compacted and causing the water and fertilizer to be fixed at the roots after water and fertilization. The roots are soaked, resulting in water accumulation and lack of oxygen, poor nutrient circulation, and root rot. In addition, before sowing, the chicory seeds are pre-treated by placing them under sunlight to dry, sterilizing them with ultraviolet rays from sunlight, and reducing the water content of the seeds to make the water content uniform. The seeds are then placed in a humid environment to allow the seeds to automatically absorb moisture. , and then use apple peel juice to soak the seeds. The experiment found that the chicory seeds after soaking had a higher germination rate, and then sowing was carried out. After sowing, organic fertilizer was applied. The fertilizer was prepared by fermenting rural domestic sewage with farmyard manure. The sewage was fully utilized for the second time. The sewage contained a large amount of organic matter and nutrients, which could be used by chicory after fermentation to promote the growth of chicory. Finally, in the management after sowing, the applicant applied nutrient solution after the chicory buds opened. The nutrient solution was composed of tangerine peel extract, wormwood extract and purslane extract. The applicant found that applying the nutrient solution during this period could effectively increase the nutritional value of chicory.

[0022] 2. The present application also provides an application of chicory obtained by the above-mentioned method, which is specifically used for breeding geese in the fattening stage. During the fattening period, geese grow rapidly and are also prone to disease. However, the fattening period is close to being marketed, and the conventional method is to inject or feed some medical drugs. However, geese after 40 days of age are close to being marketed (generally they can be marketed and sold after 50 days). Therefore, if drugs are injected during this fattening period, it will affect the consumption of goose meat and pose more or less safety hazards to the human body. In order to solve this problem, the fattening geese of the present application are fed with a feed consisting of chicory slurry and a basic diet. It is found that the disease rate of geese can be significantly reduced, and even if the feeding or use of chemical agents is not increased, the disease of geese can be avoided to a large extent. Through experiments, it is found that this is due to the effect of The effect can only be achieved by appropriate treatment (spraying nutrient solution) during the period of ingredient enrichment. It may be that the medicinal ingredients of chicory are enriched in the bud formation stage. After adding nutrient solution, the degree of enrichment can be promoted. The chicory finally obtained has a better effect of improving the resistance of geese, so that there is no need to increase the use of drugs to meet the healthy growth needs of fattening geese. Conventional chicory is generally harvested before flower buds are formed, and fresh leaves are used as the main feed source. Although this can provide palatable animal feed, it cannot achieve the effect of the present application. The present application applies the nutrient solution at an appropriate time and applies the obtained chicory after flowering to the feeding of fattening geese, which can promote the growth of geese, effectively reduce the morbidity of fattening geese, and does not affect the sale of geese. [Specific implementation method]

[0023] The following embodiments may help those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but shall not limit the present invention in any way.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] This embodiment provides a method for planting chicory, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0026] (1) Soil pretreatment: tilling the soil evenly and then adding rice husks to the soil; specifically, mixing the rice husks with the soil from the surface to a depth of 8 cm at a mass ratio of 1:3, and then leveling the soil;

[0027] (2) Seed treatment and sowing: chicory seeds are dried in the sun for 1 day, then left to stand for 24 hours at a temperature of 24° C. and a humidity of 60%, and then soaked in a treatment solution for 8 hours. The treatment solution is prepared by mixing apple peels with sterile water in a mass ratio of 1:5, and then crushing the seeds. The residue is removed and the seeds are treated after soaking in the treatment solution. The treated chicory seeds are sown in two rows per furrow with a sowing depth of 1 cm. After sowing, a layer of fine soil is covered. After sowing, organic fertilizer is applied. The organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing corn stalks, bean curd residues, wood ash and fish bone meal in a mass ratio of 3:1:1:1, then adding an organic fermentation agent of 0.01 times the mass of the mixture, mixing well and leaving the mixture to stand for 5 hours, then turning the compost and adding rural sewage of 3 times the mass of the mixture, and continuing to ferment for 3 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.

[0028] (3) Management after sowing: When chicory starts to grow flower buds, spray nutrient solution at a dosage of 600 kg / mu in the plantation. After the chicory blooms, it can be harvested. The nutrient solution is obtained by mixing tangerine peel extract, wormwood extract and purslane extract in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] This embodiment provides a method for planting chicory, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0031] (1) Soil pretreatment: The soil was evenly tilled and then rice husks were added to the soil; specifically, the rice husks were mixed with the soil from the surface to a depth of 9 cm at a mass ratio of 1:4, and then the soil was leveled;

[0032] (2) Seed treatment and sowing: chicory seeds are dried in the sun for 2 days, then left to stand for 18 hours at a temperature of 25° C. and a humidity of 65%, and then soaked in a treatment solution for 9 hours. The treatment solution is prepared by mixing apple peels with sterile water in a mass ratio of 1:6, and then crushing the seeds. The residue is removed and the seeds are treated after soaking in the treatment solution. The treated chicory seeds are sown in two rows per furrow with a sowing depth of 2 cm. After sowing, a layer of fine soil is covered. After sowing, organic fertilizer is applied. The organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing corn stalks, bean curd residues, wood ash and fish bone meal in a mass ratio of 3:2:1:1, then adding an organic fermentation agent of 0.02 times the mass of the mixture, mixing well and leaving the mixture to stand for 6 hours, then turning the compost and adding rural sewage of 4 times the mass of the mixture, and continuing to ferment for 4 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.

[0033] (3) Management after sowing: When chicory starts to grow flower buds, spray nutrient solution at a rate of 800 kg / mu in the plantation. After the chicory blooms, it can be mowed and harvested. The nutrient solution is obtained by mixing tangerine peel extract, wormwood extract and purslane extract in a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] This embodiment provides a method for planting chicory, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0036] (1) Soil pretreatment: tilling the soil evenly and then adding rice husks to the soil; specifically, mixing the rice husks with the soil from the surface to a depth of 10 cm at a mass ratio of 1:4, and then leveling the soil;

[0037] (2) Seed treatment and sowing: chicory seeds were dried in the sun for 3 days, then allowed to stand for 12 hours at a temperature of 26° C. and a humidity of 70%, and then soaked in a treatment solution for 10 hours. The treatment solution was prepared by mixing apple peels with sterile water in a mass ratio of 1:8, and then crushing the seeds. The residue was removed and the seeds were treated after soaking in the treatment solution. The treated chicory seeds were sown in two rows per furrow with a sowing depth of 3 cm. A layer of fine soil was covered after sowing. After sowing, organic fertilizer was applied. The organic fertilizer was prepared by mixing corn stalks, bean curd residues, wood ash and fish bone meal in a mass ratio of 4:2:1:1, and then adding an organic fermentation agent of 0.05 times the mass of the mixture. The mixture was mixed and allowed to stand for 8 hours. The compost was then turned and rural sewage of 5 times the mass of the mixture was added. The organic fertilizer was fermented for 5 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.

[0038] (3) Management after sowing: When chicory starts to grow flower buds, spray nutrient solution at a dosage of 900 kg / mu in the plantation. After the chicory blooms, it can be mowed and harvested. The nutrient solution is obtained by mixing tangerine peel extract, wormwood extract and purslane extract in a mass ratio of 3:2:1.

[0039] Embodiment 4:

[0040] This embodiment provides a method for raising fattening geese (40-70 days old), the method comprising preparing a special feed for raising geese using the chicory grass described in Examples 1-3 and then feeding the geese, wherein the special feed is specifically composed of a basic diet and chicory grass pulp mixed in a mass ratio of 8:2, and the basic diet is a commercially available corn-soybean meal type basic diet. The chicory grass pulp is obtained by adding chicory grass collected after flowering to 2-3 times its mass of water and putting it into a crusher for crushing.

[0041] Test example

[0042] In order to illustrate the practical value of this application, the applicant conducted the following experiments:

[0043] Experiment 1: Comparison of the effects of different chicory planting methods, grouped as follows:

[0044] The first group: the method described in Example 2;

[0045] Group 2: except for adding rice husks to the soil, the other methods were the same as those of Group 1;

[0046] Group 3: Remove the seed treatment operation, and other methods are the same as Group 1;

[0047] Group 4: Replace the apple peel in the treatment solution with apple pulp, and the other methods are the same as those of Group 1;

[0048] Group 5: Replace the apple peels in the treatment solution with orange peels, and the other methods are the same as those of Group 1;

[0049] Group 6: Nutrient solution was applied during the chicory germination period, and other methods were the same as those of Group 1;

[0050] Group 7: The nutrient solution was applied after the chicory bloomed, and the chicory was harvested 2 weeks after the nutrient solution was applied. Other methods were the same as those of Group 1.

[0051] Group 8: The nutrient solution is composed of Cnidium monnieri extract, Artemisia argyi extract and Honeysuckle extract mixed in a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0052] The planting quality of the chicory in the above groups was compared, including the chicory germination rate, the incidence of root rot, and the content of some active ingredients after harvesting the chicory, and the data of each group were recorded as shown in Table 1:

[0053] Table 1 Comparison of planting effects under different methods

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] According to the results in Table 1, the chicory planted by the method of the present application has a high germination rate and a low incidence of root rot. The chicory finally obtained has a high nutritional value and has a very beneficial application prospect.

[0057] Experiment 2: Comparison of the effects of different goose-raising methods in each group, the groups are as follows:

[0058] Group 1: Geese were raised in the manner of Example 4;

[0059] Group 2: Chicory is harvested when flower buds begin to grow, and other methods are the same as those of Group 1;

[0060] Group 3: The chicory from Group 6 of Experiment 1 was used, and other methods were the same as those of Group 1.

[0061] The above groups are the same except for the differences highlighted above. The growth of geese in each group is compared as shown in Table 2:

[0062] Table 2 Growth of geese under different breeding methods

[0063] Prevalence (%) Group 1 2.3％ Group 2 35.1％ Group 3 9.2％

[0064] According to the results in Table 2, feeding fattening geese with chicory mixed basic feed can improve the resistance of geese without adding drugs, ensure the healthy growth of geese, reduce breeding costs, and ensure that fattening geese can be marketed at any time.

[0065] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting chicory, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Soil pretreatment: till the soil evenly and then add rice husks to the soil; (2) Seed treatment and sowing: Take chicory seeds, dry them in the sun for 1-3 days, then leave them at a temperature of 24-26° C. and a humidity of 60-70% for 12-24 hours, and then soak them in the treatment solution for 8-10 hours to complete the seed treatment; sow the treated chicory seeds, and apply organic fertilizer after sowing; (3) Management after sowing: When chicory begins to grow flower buds, spray nutrient solution at a rate of 600-900 kg / mu in the plantation. After the chicory blooms, it can be mowed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the step (1), the rice husks are mixed with the soil from the surface of the soil layer to a depth of 8-10 cm in a mass ratio of 1:3-4, and then the soil is leveled.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The treatment liquid in step (2) is obtained by mixing apple peels and sterile water in a mass ratio of 1:5-8, then crushing the apple peels and removing the residue.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The sowing in step (2) is performed in two rows per furrow, with a sowing depth of 1-3 cm, and a layer of fine soil is covered after sowing.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The organic fertilizer in step (2) is prepared by mixing corn stalks, bean curd residues, wood ash and fish bone meal in a mass ratio of 3-4:1-2:1:1, then adding an organic fermentation agent in an amount of 0.01-0.05 times the mass of the mixture, mixing well and letting the mixture stand for 5-8 hours, then turning the compost and adding rural sewage in an amount of 3-5 times the mass of the mixture, and continuing fermentation for 3-5 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The nutrient solution in step (3) is obtained by mixing tangerine peel extract, wormwood extract and purslane extract in a mass ratio of 2-3:1-2:

1.

7. The method for raising geese using chicory grass according to claims 1-6, characterized in that: The method specifically comprises feeding the geese with special feed during the fattening period of the geese, wherein the special feed is composed of a mixture of a basic diet and chicory slurry in a mass ratio of 8:

2.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The basic diet is a corn-soybean meal type basic diet.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The chicory grass pulp is obtained by adding chicory grass collected after flowering and water in an amount of 2 to 3 times of the weight of the chicory grass into a crusher for crushing.

Images