Feed for metamorphosis-stage giant spiny frog tadpoles and use method of feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture feeds, in particular to a metamorphosis-stage giant spiny frog tadpole feed and a use method thereof. The metamorphosis-stage giant spiny frog tadpole feed consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 25-35% of fish meal, 25-35% of yellow mealworm powder, 15-25% of soybean meal, 5-15% of wheat flour, 6-10% of yeast powder, 1-3% of lecithin and 0.4-0.6% of compound vitamins. When the giant spiny frog tadpole feed prepared by the method is used for feeding giant spiny frog tadpoles in the metamorphosis period, the nutritional requirements of the giant spiny frog tadpoles in the metamorphosis period can be met due to the high protein content, meanwhile, the survival rate of the tadpoles can be guaranteed on the premise that high protein intake is kept, and meanwhile the metamorphosis rate of the tadpoles is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of aquaculture feed, and in particular to a metamorphosis period spinous chest frog tadpole feed and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The spiny-chested frog (Quasipaa spinosa) belongs to the Anura order and the family Rhacophoridae. It is commonly known as the stone frog and stone chicken. It is distributed in parts of China south of the Yangtze River and has high edible and economic value. Since its domestication, the spiny-chested frog has been mostly raised in an ecological model. After metamorphosis and landing on the shore, it can only be fed with live bait. Only in the tadpole stage can it be fed with a certain amount of artificial compound feed, which is also one of the constraints on the large-scale breeding of spiny-chested frogs.

[0003] Protein is one of the most important dietary nutrients in aquaculture. After metabolism, it provides the body with essential and non-essential amino acids to synthesize endogenous proteins, and to a certain extent provides energy to maintain the growth of the body. In addition, protein is also an expensive feed raw material, accounting for a large proportion of feed and production costs. Generally, high-protein feed can increase the yield of carnivorous farmed objects, but it will also have some negative effects, such as a corresponding increase in feed costs; excessive protein content causes liver damage to farmed objects; excessive ammonia nitrogen affects water quality, etc. Vitamins are often used as immune enhancers in aquaculture. Since most vitamins cannot be synthesized autonomously in aquatic animals and need to be additionally ingested from feed, it is generally believed in the aquaculture industry that an appropriate amount of vitamins needs to be added to the feed. In frog farming, the lack of different types of vitamins may cause symptoms such as skin rot, hind limb paralysis, and indigestion under high-protein feeding. At present, high-protein feeds on the market generally lack control of vitamins, and blindly using high-protein feeds may have adverse effects on the growth and metamorphosis of tadpoles.

[0004] It is generally believed that during the metamorphosis period, the tadpoles of spiny-chested frog have a high demand for protein, requiring feed containing up to 50% protein at a water temperature of 25°C. At the same time, since there is no feed for spiny-chested frog tadpoles on the market, other aquatic feeds are often used as substitutes during the breeding process. Unreasonable feeding often leads to metabolic disorders, slow metamorphosis and even death of spiny-chested frog tadpoles during the metamorphosis period, causing great economic losses.

[0005] In summary, it is necessary to improve the formula of feed for tadpoles of Rana spinosa in the metamorphosis period.

[0006] The invention of CN106858181B "A kind of spiny-chested frog tadpole feed and its preparation method" informs: A kind of spiny-chested frog tadpole feed is prepared from the following raw materials in weight fractions: 10-15% fish meal, 15-25% earthworm powder, 15-23% insect protein mixed powder, 5-7% corn flour, 5-7% wheat bran powder, 5-7% soybean meal, 5-7% rapeseed meal, 3-5% high-gluten flour, 3-5% α-starch, 3-5% wheat flour, 3-5% enteromorpha seaweed powder, 1-2% mulberry leaf powder, 1-2% yeast powder, 1-2% fish oil, 1-2% soybean oil, 1-2% phospholipid oil, 0.1-0.2% 50% choline chloride, 0.1-0.2% β-1,3 glucan, 0.1-0.2%, mineral premix 0.1-0.2%, vitamin premix 0.1-0.2%, lactic acid bacteria 0.1-0.2%, and Bacillus subtilis 0.1-0.2%. The insect protein mixed powder is prepared by mixing yellow mealworm powder, fly maggot powder and silkworm pupa powder in a weight ratio of 1:1:1. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a feed for tadpoles of Rana spinosa in metamorphosis, which can meet the nutritional needs of Rana spinosa tadpoles in metamorphosis, and ensure the survival rate of tadpoles while improving the metamorphosis rate of tadpoles under the premise of maintaining high protein intake.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a metamorphosis period spinous chest frog tadpole feed, which is composed of the following ingredients:

[0009] The invention is composed of 25-35% fish meal, 25-35% mealworm powder, 15-25% soybean meal, 5-15% wheat flour, 6-10% yeast powder, 1-3% lecithin and 0.4-0.6% complex vitamins; the above % are all mass %.

[0010] Note: Fish meal, mealworm powder, soybean meal, wheat flour and yeast powder all need to be sieved through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0011] As an improvement of the metamorphosis period spinous chest frog tadpole feed of the present invention: the spinous chest frog tadpole feed has a crude protein content of 44-46% and a crude fat content of 3-5%.

[0012] The invention adopts the existing Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method to measure the crude protein content in the feed of the tadpole of Rana spinosa in the metamorphosis period, and adopts the existing Soxhlet extraction method to measure the crude fat content in the feed of the tadpole of Rana spinosa in the metamorphosis period.

[0013] As a further improvement of the metamorphosis period spinous chest frog tadpole feed of the present invention, the complex vitamins are: VitaminA≥267000IU, VitaminB1≥1.35g, VitaminB6≥0.8g, VitaminB12≥0.00268g, VitaminD3≥134000IU, VitaminK≥0.54g, nicotinamide≥5.4g, biotin≥0.014g (the remainder is a carrier) per kilogram of the complex vitamins.

[0014] As a further improvement of the metamorphosis period spiny chest frog tadpole feed of the present invention, it is composed of the following ingredients: 30.5% fish meal, 30.5% yellow mealworm powder, 20.0% soybean meal, 9.5% wheat flour, 7.0% yeast powder, 2.0% lecithin and 0.5% multivitamin. The metamorphosis period spiny chest frog tadpole feed has a crude protein content of 45% and a crude fat content of 4%.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for feeding Frog tadpoles with the metamorphosis stage Frog tadpole feed, which adopts a "four-fixed" feeding method: the feeding times are once in the morning and once in the evening, twice a day, and the amount of the Frog tadpole feed used in each feeding is 1% to 2% of the total body weight of the Frog tadpoles.

[0016] Note: The body weight of the tadpoles of Rana spinosa was measured once a week, and the amount of feed for the tadpoles of Rana spinosa was adjusted according to the measured body weight.

[0017] The preparation method of the metamorphosis period spinous chest frog tadpole feed of the present invention is:

[0018] S1. Raw material preparation: sieve fish meal, mealworm powder, soybean meal, wheat flour and yeast powder through 80-mesh sieve respectively for later use;

[0019] S2. Prepare feed: Mix the corresponding ingredients according to the above ratio.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the technical advantages of the present invention are:

[0021] The crude protein content of the metamorphosis-stage spiny-chested frog tadpole feed prepared by the invention is 44-46% (preferably 45%), and the crude fat content is 3-5% (preferably 4%). The spiny-chested frog tadpole feed prepared by the invention is used to feed the spiny-chested frog tadpoles in the metamorphosis stage (Gosner stages 43-46), and the higher protein content can meet the nutritional needs of the spiny-chested frog tadpoles in the metamorphosis stage, and the survival rate of the tadpoles (about 82%) can be guaranteed under the premise of maintaining high protein intake, and the metamorphosis rate of the tadpoles (about 80%) can be increased. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto:

[0023] For example, the compound vitamins can be used in Wuhan Huayang Tianle's compound premixed feed for aquatic animals (Yingjining type III, Hubei Feed Premix (2017) 005231); the guaranteed value of product ingredient analysis (per kilogram of this product contains): vitamin A ≥ 267000IU, vitamin B1 ≥ 1.35g, vitamin B6 ≥ 0.8g, vitamin B12 ≥ 0.00268g, vitamin D3 ≥ 134000IU, vitamin K3 (in C 11 H8O2·NaHSO3·3H2O)≥0.54g, niacinamide≥5.4g, biotin≥0.014g, copper≥0.8g, iron≥8.0g, zinc≥5.4g, manganese≥0.64g, moisture≤10%.

[0024] Lecithin, for example, can be purchased from soybean lecithin (SC20141110300709) from Henan Jiapai Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; yeast powder, for example, can be purchased from aquatic yeast (Jinshitian (2021) H11041) from Shanxi Nobate Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

[0025] Fish meal, mealworm meal, soybean meal, wheat flour and yeast powder all need to be sieved through an 80-mesh sieve, that is, fish meal / mealworm meal / soybean meal / wheat flour / yeast powder are respectively subjected to the following operations before use: ground into powder and sieved three times with an 80-mesh sieve with a pore size of 0.2 mm to obtain the corresponding sieved fish meal / mealworm meal / soybean meal / wheat flour / yeast powder.

[0026] The moisture content of fish meal, mealworm meal, soybean meal and wheat flour is ≤14.5%.

[0027] Example 1: A metamorphosis tadpole feed for Rana spinosa, comprising the following components by weight: 30.5% fish meal and 30.5% mealworm powder, 20.0% soybean meal, 9.5% wheat flour, 7.0% yeast powder, 2.0% lecithin and 0.5% multivitamin.

[0028] The above combination is mixed evenly, and the prepared metamorphosis period spinous chest frog tadpole feed is stored in a refrigerator at a low temperature (4° C.).

[0029] According to the test, the crude protein content of the obtained spiny-chested frog tadpole feed is about 45%, and the crude fat content is about 4%.

[0030] Comparative Examples 1 to 2: The contents of the components in Example 1 were changed (as shown in Table 1 below), and the rest were the same as Example 1; thus, corresponding Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were obtained.

[0031] Table 1

[0032]

[0033]

[0034] Experiment 1: Animal experiment:

[0035] 1.1 Experimental animals and their sources:

[0036] In August 2024, 400 healthy spiny-chested frog tadpoles of similar size near metamorphosis were collected and selected from the Shanzhou Stone Frog Breeding Base in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province. All tadpoles were temporarily raised for 7 days after being transported to the laboratory, fasted for 24 hours before the experiment, and 360 tadpoles in the metamorphosis period (Gosner stage 43-46) that had been temporarily raised were randomly selected. The following 4 experimental groups were set up:

[0037] Experimental group I: fed with the feed obtained in Example 1;

[0038] Experimental group II: fed with the feed obtained in comparative example 1;

[0039] Experimental group III: fed with the feed obtained in comparative example 2;

[0040] Experimental group IV (negative control group, not fed with artificial feed): fed with cooked pumpkin and egg yolk.

[0041] There were 30 tadpoles in each group and 3 replicates were set for each experimental group, so the experiment was conducted in 12 plastic culture boxes.

[0042] 1.2 Experimental Design

[0043] The experiment was conducted at the breeding base in August 2024.

[0044] The feeding method of experimental group I, experimental group II, and experimental group III is: the metamorphosis period spinous chest frog tadpole feed and water are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1, kneaded into a ball and fed to the tadpoles. The feeding time is once in the morning and once in the evening, twice a day, and the "four fixed" feeding method is adopted. The weight of the metamorphosis period spinous chest frog tadpole feed (the weight before adding water) at each feeding is based on 1.5% of the total weight of the tadpoles (the feeding amount can be determined through preliminary experiments).

[0045] The feeding method of experimental group IV is as follows: the feeding time is the same as the above experimental group, and the feeding weight (cooked weight, pumpkin to egg yolk weight ratio is 2:1) is based on 3% of the total weight of the tadpoles.

[0046] Note: The "four-fixed" feeding method (i.e., timing, location, quality and quantity) is an existing conventional feeding method, so it will not be described in detail.

[0047] The method for confirming the feeding amount of Rana spinosa tadpoles in this experiment is as follows: the total weight of Rana spinosa tadpoles in each group mentioned above is measured once a week, and the feeding amount is reconfirmed based on the measured weight.

[0048] 1.3. Test management and indicator measurement:

[0049] 1.3.1 Environmental Management:

[0050] The tadpoles in the metamorphosis period were placed in a breeding box (60cm×40cm×30cm, 8cm water depth) for breeding. The breeding box had a slope for the tadpoles to go ashore during metamorphosis. The box was equipped with a temperature-controlled air pump. The tap water was aerated and used for tadpole culture. The water was changed 2h after each feeding to prevent water quality deterioration. The experiment lasted for 2 months. The temperature in the breeding box was controlled at 24±1.5℃, and the oxygen content in the water was 6±0.5mg / L.

[0051] 1.3.2 Sampling and measurement:

[0052] Count the survival rate of tadpoles every day and count the metamorphosis of tadpoles

[0053] 1.4 Statistical analysis

[0054] SPSS19.0 statistical software was used to analyze the experimental data. The mortality rate and metamorphosis rate of tadpoles in each group were compared by One-way ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple comparisons were performed. P < 0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.

[0055] 2. Results and analysis:

[0056] 2.1 Effects of different feeds on metamorphosis rate and mortality of Rana spinosa tadpoles during metamorphosis

[0057] During the experiment, the metamorphosis rate and mortality rate of the tadpoles of R. spinosa in each group increased over time, and the final mortality rate of the tadpoles of R. spinosa in each group is shown in Table 2. The final metamorphosis rate of the tadpoles of R. spinosa in each group is shown in Table 3.

[0058] Table 2

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Table 3

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] One-way analysis of variance showed that at the end of the experiment, the metamorphosis rate of Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of Ⅱ and Ⅳ (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between Ⅱ and Ⅲ; the mortality rate of Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P < 0.05), as shown in Table 4, indicating that the metamorphosis rate of tadpoles fed with high-protein feed mixed with vitamin feed was significantly higher than that of tadpoles fed with high-protein feed, and the mortality rate of tadpoles fed with high-protein feed was significantly increased.

[0065] Table 4

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] Protein is an essential nutrient for the growth and development of the body. Controlling the appropriate protein content in the feed can promote the growth of the body and reduce the occurrence of body diseases. In addition, the protein level of the feed will affect the liver health of the cultured objects. This experiment compared the metamorphosis rate and survival rate of tadpoles in different groups fed with different feed formulas. It was found that the mortality rate of tadpoles fed with high-protein feed with a protein content of 45% (Group II) during the metamorphosis period was significantly higher than that of the group fed with the same high-protein feed but mixed with multivitamins (Group I) and the group fed with low-protein (40%) feed (Group III). This may be related to the burden of high-protein feed on the tadpole digestive system and its changes to the water environment. The reduced mortality rate in Group I supplemented with multivitamins may be related to the effects of vitamins on the body. In previous studies, multivitamins were only found to have the effects of enhancing immunity and promoting appetite in the breeding process of some aquatic products. Based on this, this experiment further found that multivitamins can enhance the tolerance of spiny-chested frog tadpoles to high-protein feed under the stress of high-protein intake, reduce the mortality rate of tadpoles, and at the same time enhance the absorption and utilization of protein by spiny-chested frog tadpoles, promote the metamorphosis of spiny-chested frog tadpoles, and improve the breeding efficiency of spiny-chested frogs in the metamorphosis period.

[0069] The crude protein content of the metamorphosis-stage spiny-chested frog tadpole feed prepared by the present invention is about 45%, and the crude fat content is about 4% (experimental group I). The higher protein content can meet the nutritional needs of the spiny-chested frog tadpoles in the metamorphosis stage, and at the same time, the survival rate of the tadpoles (82%) is guaranteed while maintaining high protein intake, and the metamorphosis rate of the tadpoles (80%) is increased.

[0070] It is proved that the metamorphosis period Rana spinosa tadpole feed obtained in Example 1 can be used as the daily diet of Rana spinosa tadpole metamorphosis period.

[0071] Comparative Example 3-1, the formula is 34% fish meal, 34% yellow mealworm powder, 22.0% soybean meal, 7.0% yeast powder, 2.0% lecithin, 0.5% multivitamin, 0.5% wheat flour, at this time the protein content is about 50%, and the crude fat content is about 4.0%.

[0072] The obtained metamorphosis period Rana spinosa tadpole feed was subjected to the experiment in the same manner as the above experimental group I, and the metamorphosis rate was about 73% and the mortality rate was about 36%.

[0073] Comparative Example 3-2, the formula is 34% fish meal, 34% yellow mealworm powder, 22.0% soybean meal, 7.0% yeast powder, 2.0% lecithin, 0.6% multivitamin, 0.4% wheat flour, at this time the protein content is about 50%, and the crude fat content is about 4.0%.

[0074] The obtained metamorphosis period spinous chest frog tadpole feed was subjected to the experiment in the same manner as the above experimental group I, and the metamorphosis rate was about 74% and the mortality rate was about 34%.

[0075] Comparative Example 4-1: The content of the multivitamin in Example 1 was increased from 0.5% to 0.8%, and the content of the wheat flour was adjusted accordingly, so that the total of the ingredients was still 100%.

[0076] The obtained metamorphosis period spinous chest frog tadpole feed was tested in the same manner as the above experimental group I, and the metamorphosis rate was about 77%, and the mortality rate was about 42%. Excessive intake of multivitamins led to an increase in mortality.

[0077] Comparative Example 4-2: The content of the multivitamin in Example 1 was reduced from 0.5% to 0.3%, and the content of the wheat flour was adjusted accordingly, so that the total of the ingredients was still 100%.

[0078] The obtained metamorphosis period spinous chest frog tadpole feed was subjected to the experiment in the same manner as the above experimental group I, and the metamorphosis rate was about 75% and the mortality rate was about 37%.

[0079] Comparative Example 5: The lecithin in Example 1 was replaced with the phospholipid oil disclosed in the CN106858181B patent, the dosage remained unchanged, and the rest was the same as Example 1.

[0080] The obtained metamorphosis period spinous chest frog tadpole feed was subjected to the experiment in the same manner as the above experimental group I, and the metamorphosis rate was about 75% and the mortality rate was about 45%.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only some specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and there are many variations. All variations that can be directly derived or associated with the content disclosed by a person skilled in the art should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Metamorphosis period spinous chest frog tadpole feed, characterized in that It is composed of the following ingredients: The invention is composed of 25-35% fish meal, 25-35% mealworm powder, 15-25% soybean meal, 5-15% wheat flour, 6-10% yeast powder, 1-3% lecithin and 0.4-0.6% complex vitamins; the above % are all mass %.

2. The metamorphosis stage Rana spinosa tadpole feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crude protein content of the spiny-chested frog tadpole feed is 44-46%, and the crude fat content is 3-5%.

3. The metamorphosis stage Rana spinosa tadpole feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The complex vitamins are: per kilogram of the complex vitamins, VitaminA≥267000IU, VitaminB1≥1.35g, VitaminB6≥0.8g, VitaminB12≥0.00268g, VitaminD3≥134000IU, VitaminK≥0.54g, niacinamide≥5.4g, and biotin≥0.014g.

4. The metamorphosis period Rana spinosa tadpole feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that It is composed of the following ingredients: 30.5% fish meal, 30.5% mealworm meal, 20.0% soybean meal, 9.5% wheat flour, 7.0% yeast powder, 2.0% lecithin and 0.5% multivitamin.

5. A method for feeding Rana spinosa tadpoles with the metamorphosis stage Rana spinosa tadpole feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, adopting a "four-fixed" feeding method, characterized in that: The feeding frequency is once in the morning and once in the evening, twice a day. The amount of the metamorphosis tadpole feed used in each feeding is 1% to 2% of the total body weight of the tadpole.

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