Pesticide residue degradation agent and preparation method thereof
By immobilizing pesticide residue degradation biological enzymes on porous silica nanoparticles, and using plasma activated water to destroy pesticide molecules, achieving efficient, safe and environmentally friendly pesticide residue degradation, solving the problems of low degradation efficiency and nutritional loss in the prior art.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411689748.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-25
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is less efficient and prone to loss of nutrients from agricultural products when removing pesticide residues, and chemical treatments may cause harm to the environment and human health.
A pesticide residue degradation agent is used, which includes pesticide residue degradation biological enzymes, porous silica nanoparticles and plasma activated water, and the pesticide residue degradation biological enzymes are immobilized through a biotin-avidin system to make their active sites face the pore openings of the porous silica nanoparticles.
This method can efficiently degrade pesticide residues, avoid nutrient loss, and produce no chemical harm, providing a safe and environmentally friendly degradation method.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pesticide residue degradation, and in particular to a pesticide residue degradation agent and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] Before people eat agricultural products, they need to use various methods to remove pesticide residues, such as rinsing, peeling, heat treatment, chemical treatment, etc. Rinsing with tap water is the simplest way to remove pesticide residues, but its efficiency is low. Because pesticides usually remain on the outer surface of fruits and vegetables, peeling is another easy way to remove pesticide residues, but this will also remove the vitamins and nutrients contained in the peel. Heat treatment can also effectively reduce the concentration of pesticide residues, but this method will result in nutrient loss when applied to fruits and vegetables. Chemicals, such as chlorine dioxide, detergent solutions and acetic acid, are also used to remove pesticide residues from agricultural products, but chemicals are prone to affect the environment and human health. In summary, although the above-mentioned methods for removing pesticide residues have been widely used, they all have their own problems. Summary of the invention
[0003] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a pesticide residue degrading agent, which can improve the stability of pesticide residue degrading biological enzymes, and can not only efficiently degrade pesticide residues, but also will not cause nutrient loss and produce chemical hazards.
[0004] A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a pesticide residue degrading agent, which can be used to prepare the pesticide residue degrading agent.
[0005] One of the purposes of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution:
[0006] A pesticide residue degradation agent comprises a pesticide residue degradation biological enzyme, porous silica nanoparticles and plasma activated water. The pesticide residue degradation biological enzyme is immobilized in the pores of the porous silica nanoparticles by using a biotin-avidin system, so that the active sites of the pesticide residue degradation biological enzyme are oriented toward the pore openings of the porous silica nanoparticles.
[0007] Furthermore, the pesticide residue degrading biological enzyme is one or more complexes of oxidoreductase, transferase, hydrolase, lyase, and isomerase; wherein the oxidoreductase is one or more complexes of dehydrogenase, oxidase, reductase, and peroxidase; the transferase is one or more complexes of methyltransferase, aminotransferase, and transsulfurase; the hydrolase is one or more complexes of amylase, glycosidase, and protease; the lyase is one or both of dehydratase and decarboxylase; and the isomerase is one or both of isomerase and racemase.
[0008] Furthermore, the preparation method of the plasma-activated water is: treating water with plasma to obtain the plasma-activated water.
[0009] Furthermore, the porous silica nanoparticles are prepared by adding 25 μL of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 375 μL of ammonium hydroxide to an ethanol aqueous solution containing 5 mL of ethanol and 1.5 mL of water, and incubating on a magnetic stirrer to obtain the porous silica nanoparticles.
[0010] Furthermore, biodegradable pesticide penetrants are also included.
[0011] Furthermore, the biodegradable pesticide penetrant is one of a biosurfactant, a vegetable oil, and an organic acid.
[0012] The second object of the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solution:
[0013] A method for preparing a pesticide residue degradation agent comprises the following steps:
[0014] S1, first determine the active site of the pesticide residue degrading enzyme, select an inactive site away from the active site, and use the directional labeling technology of enzyme molecules to label the biotin-binding peptide on the inactive site of the pesticide residue degrading enzyme;
[0015] S2, using a biotin ligase to catalyze a biotinylation reaction, connecting a biotinylation reagent to the biotin-binding peptide, and obtaining a biotinylated pesticide residue-degrading enzyme;
[0016] S3. Preparation of avidin-functionalized porous silica nanoparticles: adding avidin to the porous silica nanoparticles, stirring for 2 hours to obtain avidin-functionalized porous silica nanoparticles, centrifuging the avidin-functionalized porous silica nanoparticles at 28° C. and 6720 g for 10 minutes, and washing thoroughly with distilled water to remove excess unreacted substances;
[0017] S4. Mix the avidin-functionalized porous silica nanoparticles and the biotinylated pesticide residue degrading enzyme, and utilize the high-affinity interaction between biotin and avidin to immobilize the biotinylated pesticide residue degrading enzyme in the pores of the avidin-functionalized porous silica nanoparticles so that the active site of the pesticide residue degrading enzyme faces the pore opening of the porous silica nanoparticles. Centrifuge at a temperature of 28° C. and a centrifugal force of 6720 g for 10 minutes. Wash thoroughly with distilled water to remove excess unreacted substances, and add the plasma-activated water to obtain the pesticide residue degrading agent.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0019] The present invention provides a pesticide residue degradation agent and a preparation method thereof, which can efficiently degrade pesticide residues without causing loss of nutrients and chemical hazards. The pesticide residue degradation bioenzyme is used to remove pesticide residues, which can degrade a large amount of pesticide residues in a relatively short time. At the same time, bioenzyme degradation is also a safe degradation method, which will not cause secondary pollution to agricultural products and will not harm human health. When the pesticide residue degradation agent treats pesticide residues in agricultural products, plasma activated water first destroys the stability of pesticide molecules, and generates intermediates that are more easily degraded by pesticide residue degradation bioenzymes, thereby more effectively degrading complex pesticide organic molecules and reducing processing time and required enzyme amount. The pesticide residue degradation bioenzyme is immobilized in the pores of porous silica nanoparticles using a biotin-avidin system, so that the active site of the pesticide residue degradation bioenzyme faces the pore opening of the porous silica nanoparticles, which can improve the stability of the pesticide residue degradation bioenzyme and its adaptability to environmental conditions, so that the active site of the pesticide residue degradation bioenzyme faces the direction that is conducive to substrate entry and product release, and efficiently degrades pesticide residues. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be noted that, under the premise of no conflict, the embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form a new embodiment.
[0021] Example 1
[0022] The pesticide residue degrading agent provided in this embodiment includes a pesticide residue degrading enzyme, porous silica nanoparticles and plasma-activated water. The pesticide residue degrading enzyme is immobilized in the pores of the porous silica nanoparticles using a biotin-avidin system, so that the active sites of the pesticide residue degrading enzyme are oriented toward the pore openings of the porous silica nanoparticles.
[0023] In this embodiment, the pesticide residue degrading biological enzyme is one or more complexes of oxidoreductase, transferase, hydrolase, lyase, and isomerase; wherein the oxidoreductase is one or more complexes of dehydrogenase, oxidase, reductase, and peroxidase; the transferase is one or more complexes of methyltransferase, aminotransferase, and transsulfurase; the hydrolase is one or more complexes of amylase, glycosidase, and protease; the lyase is one or both of dehydratase and decarboxylase; and the isomerase is one or both of isomerase and racemase.
[0024] Oxidoreductases:
[0025] Dehydrogenases: Dehydrogenases play a role in the degradation of different types of pesticides, especially in the microbial degradation of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides. These dehydrogenases participate in the transformation and degradation of pesticide molecules by catalyzing redox reactions.
[0026] Oxidase: Proteomic analysis revealed that the degradation process of cypermethrin is mainly participated by esterase and oxidase. The P450 enzyme system belongs to monooxygenase (also known as multifunctional oxidase). In the metabolism of organophosphorus insecticides, the P450 enzyme system can participate in oxidation reactions, oxidizing organophosphorus compounds to form oxidation products, which can be further hydrolyzed.
[0027] Reductase: In the metabolism of organophosphorus pesticides, reductase may be involved in reducing oxidation products for further hydrolysis or excretion. The dechlorination reaction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the debromination reaction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in organochlorine pesticides are mediated by nitroreductase; among organophosphorus pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides such as dimethoate (dimethoate is a type of organophosphorus pesticide) can be degraded by Bacillus cereus, in which nitroreductase may be involved in its degradation process; among carbamate pesticides, propanil can be degraded by arylamidase in rice to non-phytotoxic 3,4-dichloroaniline.
[0028] Peroxidase: Peroxidase (such as horseradish peroxidase, HRP) plays a role in the biological oxidation process, can catalyze oxidation reactions, and participate in the degradation of pesticides. Peroxidase can degrade some organochlorine pesticides, such as chlorophenols, chloroanilines, etc.
[0029] Transferases:
[0030] Methyltransferase: In pesticide metabolism, methyltransferases may be involved in transferring methyl groups to pesticide molecules, changing their chemical properties and reducing toxicity. Methyltransferases may also be involved in the metabolism of sulfonylurea herbicides. The metabolism of sulfonylurea herbicides such as chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron in wheat involves the action of methyltransferases, which are involved in the hydroxylation of the 5-phenyl ring.
[0031] Aminotransferases: Aminotransferases may be involved in transferring amino groups to pesticide molecules, facilitating their detoxification. The metabolism of sulfonylurea herbicides such as chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron involves the action of aminotransferases, which are involved in the hydroxylation of the 5-phenyl ring.
[0032] Transsulfurase: Transsulfurase may be involved in transferring sulfur atoms to pesticide molecules, changing their chemical properties and promoting degradation. Some organosulfur compounds, such as dithiocarbamate fungicides, may be metabolized and degraded by the action of transsulfurase.
[0033] Hydrolases:
[0034] Amylase: Amylase can hydrolyze starchy substances, indirectly affecting the adsorption and degradation of pesticides.
[0035] Glycosidase: Glycosidase can hydrolyze glycosidic bonds and can participate in the metabolism and degradation of pesticides.
[0036] Protease: Protease can hydrolyze protein and can indirectly affect the degradation process of pesticides.
[0037] Lyases:
[0038] Dehydratase: Dehydratase can participate in the removal of water molecules from pesticide molecules and promote their cleavage.
[0039] Decarboxylase: Decarboxylase may be involved in removing carboxylic acid groups from pesticide molecules and promoting their cleavage. Decarboxylase can degrade pyrethroid pesticides such as cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and cypermethrin. These pesticides are usually used as insecticides. Decarboxylase promotes their degradation by catalyzing the cleavage of carboxylic acid bonds in these pesticide molecules, reducing pesticide residues in agricultural products, and has good application prospects.
[0040] Isomerases:
[0041] Isomerase: Isomerase can catalyze the isomerization reaction in pesticide molecules, change their stereochemical structure, and affect their toxicity and degradability. Isomerase can catalyze the isomerization reaction of thiadiazoline herbicides.
[0042] Racemase: Racemase can catalyze the isomerization of racemates to form single chiral isomers, which can affect the biological activity and degradability of pesticides. Racemase can catalyze the isomerization reaction in chiral pesticide molecules and change their stereochemical structure. Studies have shown that after chiral pesticides enter the environment, their different enantiomers have differences in persistence in the environment and their biological activity, toxicity, absorption, transfer and metabolism.
[0043] In this embodiment, the preparation method of plasma-activated water is: using plasma to treat water to obtain plasma-activated water. Plasma-activated water (PAW) is water obtained by treating water of different properties (such as deionized water, phosphate buffer solution, 0.9% sodium chloride solution by mass), etc., with low-temperature plasma, and contains rich active ingredients such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and has special physical and chemical properties such as low pH, high redox potential, and high conductivity.
[0044] In this embodiment, the preparation method of porous silica nanoparticles is as follows: 25 μL of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 375 μL of ammonium hydroxide are added to an ethanol aqueous solution containing 5 mL of ethanol and 1.5 mL of water, and incubated on a magnetic stirrer to obtain porous silica nanoparticles.
[0045] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a pesticide residue degradation agent, comprising the following steps:
[0046] S1. First determine the active site of the pesticide residue degrading enzyme, select the active site far away from the pesticide residue degrading enzyme as the inactive site, use the directional labeling technology of the enzyme molecule to label the biotin-binding peptide on the inactive site of the pesticide residue degrading enzyme, and introduce the biotin label into the inactive site of the enzyme molecule without interfering with the activity of the pesticide residue degrading enzyme, and use the label to realize the directional immobilization of the pesticide residue degrading enzyme;
[0047] S2, using a biotin ligase to catalyze a biotinylation reaction, such as E. coli BirA enzyme, to connect the biotinylation reagent to the biotin-binding peptide to obtain a biotinylated pesticide residue-degrading enzyme;
[0048] S3. Preparation of porous silica nanoparticles functionalized with avidin: adding 10 μL of avidin to the porous silica nanoparticles, stirring for 2 hours (functionalizing the porous silica nanoparticles) to obtain porous silica nanoparticles functionalized with avidin, centrifuging the porous silica nanoparticles functionalized with avidin at 28° C. and at a centrifugal force of 6720 g for 10 minutes, and washing thoroughly with distilled water to remove excess unreacted substances;
[0049] S4. Avidin-functionalized porous silica nanoparticles and biotinylated pesticide residue degrading enzymes are mixed, and the biotinylated pesticide residue degrading enzymes are immobilized in the pores of the avidin-functionalized porous silica nanoparticles by utilizing the high-affinity interaction between biotin and avidin, so that the active sites of the pesticide residue degrading enzymes face the pore openings of the porous silica nanoparticles. The mixture is centrifuged at a temperature of 28°C and a centrifugal force of 6720 g for 10 minutes, and the mixture is thoroughly washed with distilled water to remove excess unreacted substances. Plasma-activated water is added to obtain a pesticide residue degrading agent.
[0050] In the above preparation method, biotin is bound to the inactive site of the pesticide residue degrading enzyme, and avidin-functionalized porous silica nanoparticles are obtained. Under the biotin-avidin interaction, the active site of the pesticide residue degrading enzyme will be oriented toward the pore opening of the porous silica nanoparticles, or in other words, the active center of the pesticide residue degrading enzyme will be oriented toward the outside of the pores of the porous silica nanoparticles.
[0051] In step S1, the active site of the enzyme molecule can be determined by the following method:
[0052] 1. X-ray crystallography: By analyzing the crystal structure of the enzyme, the amino acid residues at the active site can be directly observed.
[0053] 2. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): NMR technology is used to study the three-dimensional structure of enzymes in solution and the dynamic changes when enzymes bind to substrates.
[0054] 3. Molecular dynamics simulation: By computer simulation of the interaction between enzymes and substrates, the amino acid residues in the active site and their role in the catalytic process can be predicted.
[0055] 4. Chemical modification: Use specific chemical reagents to modify specific amino acid residues on the enzyme molecule. If the enzyme activity decreases after modification, these residues may be part of the active site.
[0056] 5. Affinity labeling: Use substrate analogs that can specifically bind to the enzyme active site as labeling reagents to reveal the amino acid residues of the active site through covalent modification.
[0057] 6. Protein engineering: Change specific amino acid residues in the enzyme protein through gene mutation technology, and then measure its effect on enzyme activity to determine the active site.
[0058] 7. Computational biology methods: Use bioinformatics tools and algorithms, such as sequence alignment, homology modeling, and machine learning, to predict enzyme active sites.
[0059] 8. Methods for determining the active center of the enzyme: including chemical modification method, reaction kinetics method, X-ray diffraction method, etc. These methods can determine the composition and structure of the active center of the enzyme.
[0060] Directed labeling of enzyme molecules usually involves adding specific tags or ligands to specific sites of enzyme molecules. In step S1, the following directed labeling techniques for enzyme molecules can be used to label the biotin-binding peptide on the inactive site of the pesticide residue-degrading enzyme:
[0061] 1. Genetic engineering: By introducing specific tag sequences such as His tags, Flag tags or biotin tags into the gene sequence of the enzyme, these tags can be naturally added to the enzyme molecule during the translation process. These tags can be combined with specific avidins (such as metal avidin, glutathione S-transferase) or streptavidin to achieve affinity purification or immobilization of the enzyme.
[0062] 2. Protein engineering: Through protein engineering, the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme molecule can be designed so that amino acid residues that can be labeled are exposed at specific locations.
[0063] 3. Chemical modification: Use biotin-binding peptides to modify specific amino acid residues on the enzyme molecule, such as lysine, cysteine or histidine, thereby achieving targeted labeling of the enzyme molecule.
[0064] In step S1, the biotin-binding peptide (BAP) is a 15-amino acid motif that can be biotinylated with a biotinylation reagent under the catalysis of a biotin ligase and then fused to a target protein.
[0065] In this embodiment, biotin ligase is a bifunctional protein encoded by the BirA gene of Escherichia coli, which can recognize the specific sequence of protein molecules and biotinylate the protein.
[0066] Example 2
[0067] The present embodiment provides a pesticide residue degradation agent, comprising a pesticide residue degradation biological enzyme, porous silica nanoparticles, a biodegradable pesticide penetrant, and the balance being plasma-activated water. The pesticide residue degradation biological enzyme is immobilized in the pores of the porous silica nanoparticles using a biotin-avidin system, so that the active sites of the pesticide residue degradation biological enzyme are oriented toward the pore openings of the porous silica nanoparticles.
[0068] In this embodiment, the pesticide residue degrading biological enzyme is one or more complexes of oxidoreductase, transferase, hydrolase, lyase, and isomerase; wherein the oxidoreductase is one or more complexes of dehydrogenase, oxidase, reductase, and peroxidase; the transferase is one or more complexes of methyltransferase, aminotransferase, and transsulfurase; the hydrolase is one or more complexes of amylase, glycosidase, and protease; the lyase is one or both of dehydratase and decarboxylase; and the isomerase is one or both of isomerase and racemase.
[0069] In this embodiment, the method for preparing plasma-activated water is: treating water with plasma to obtain plasma-activated water.
[0070] In this embodiment, the preparation method of porous silica nanoparticles is as follows: 25 μL of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 375 μL of ammonium hydroxide are added to an ethanol aqueous solution containing 5 mL of ethanol and 1.5 mL of water, and incubated on a magnetic stirrer to obtain porous silica nanoparticles.
[0071] In this embodiment, a biodegradable pesticide penetrant is also included. Biodegradable pesticide penetrants are a type of environmentally friendly adjuvants that can help pesticides better penetrate plant tissues and naturally degrade after a certain period of time, reducing the impact on the environment, allowing pesticide residues in agricultural products to penetrate from the inside of the epidermis to the epidermis, making it easy to contact with pesticide residue degradation enzymes, and efficiently degrading pesticide residues inside the epidermis.
[0072] The biodegradable pesticide penetrant is one of a biosurfactant, a vegetable oil and an organic acid.
[0073] Biosurfactants: These are surfactants produced by microorganisms or readily biodegradable, which can reduce the surface tension of water and increase the spreading and penetration of pesticides on plant surfaces.
[0074] Vegetable oils: such as sunflower oil, soybean oil, etc., are biodegradable, can be used as pesticide penetrants, and are environmentally friendly.
[0075] Organic acids: such as citric acid and oxalic acid, which can act as chemical penetrants, promoting the penetration of pesticide ingredients through the plant epidermis and natural degradation after a certain period of time.
[0076] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a pesticide residue degradation agent, comprising the following steps:
[0077] Step S1 to step S3: are the same as the steps in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.
[0078] In step S4, avidin-functionalized porous silica nanoparticles and biotinylated pesticide residue degrading enzymes are mixed, and the biotinylated pesticide residue degrading enzymes are immobilized in the pores of the avidin-functionalized porous silica nanoparticles by utilizing the high affinity interaction between biotin and avidin, so that the active sites of the pesticide residue degrading enzymes face the pore openings of the porous silica nanoparticles. The mixture is centrifuged at a temperature of 28° C. and a centrifugal force of 6720 g for 10 minutes, and thoroughly washed with distilled water to remove excess unreacted substances. Plasma-activated water and a biodegradable pesticide penetrant are added to obtain a pesticide residue degrading agent.
[0079] The present invention provides a pesticide residue degradation agent and a preparation method thereof, which can efficiently degrade pesticide residues without causing loss of nutrients and chemical hazards. The pesticide residue degradation bioenzyme is used to remove pesticide residues, which can degrade a large amount of pesticide residues in a relatively short time. At the same time, bioenzyme degradation is also a safe degradation method, which will not cause secondary pollution to agricultural products and will not harm human health. When the pesticide residue degradation agent treats pesticide residues in agricultural products, plasma activated water first destroys the stability of pesticide molecules, and generates intermediates that are more easily degraded by pesticide residue degradation bioenzymes, thereby more effectively degrading complex pesticide organic molecules and reducing processing time and required enzyme amount. The pesticide residue degradation bioenzyme is immobilized in the pores of porous silica nanoparticles using a biotin-avidin system, so that the active site of the pesticide residue degradation bioenzyme faces the pore opening of the porous silica nanoparticles, which can improve the stability of the pesticide residue degradation bioenzyme and its adaptability to environmental conditions, so that the active site of the pesticide residue degradation bioenzyme faces the direction that is conducive to substrate entry and product release, and efficiently degrades pesticide residues.
[0080] The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by technicians in this field on the basis of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
Claims
1. A pesticide residue degradation agent, characterized in that: The invention comprises a pesticide residue degrading biological enzyme, porous silica nanoparticles and plasma activated water. The pesticide residue degrading biological enzyme is immobilized in the pores of the porous silica nanoparticles by using a biotin-avidin system, so that the active sites of the pesticide residue degrading biological enzyme face the pore openings of the porous silica nanoparticles.
2. A pesticide residue degradation agent as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The pesticide residue degrading biological enzyme is one or more complexes of oxidoreductase, transferase, hydrolase, lyase, and isomerase; wherein the oxidoreductase is one or more complexes of dehydrogenase, oxidase, reductase, and peroxidase; the transferase is one or more complexes of methyltransferase, aminotransferase, and transsulfurase; the hydrolase is one or more complexes of amylase, glycosidase, and protease; the lyase is one or two of dehydratase and decarboxylase; and the isomerase is one or two of isomerase and racemase.
3. The pesticide residue degradation agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the plasma activated water is: treating water with plasma to obtain the plasma activated water.
4. The pesticide residue degradation agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porous silica nanoparticles are prepared by adding 25 μL of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 375 μL of ammonium hydroxide to an ethanol aqueous solution containing 5 mL of ethanol and 1.5 mL of water, and incubating the mixture on a magnetic stirrer to obtain the porous silica nanoparticles.
5. The pesticide residue degradation agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included are biodegradable pesticide penetrants.
6. The pesticide residue degradation agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The biodegradable pesticide penetrant is one of a biosurfactant, a vegetable oil and an organic acid.
7. The method for preparing a pesticide residue degradation agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, first determine the active site of the pesticide residue degrading enzyme, select an inactive site away from the active site, and use the directional labeling technology of enzyme molecules to label the biotin-binding peptide on the inactive site of the pesticide residue degrading enzyme; S2, using a biotin ligase to catalyze a biotinylation reaction, connecting a biotinylation reagent to the biotin-binding peptide, and obtaining a biotinylated pesticide residue-degrading enzyme; S3. Preparation of avidin-functionalized porous silica nanoparticles: adding avidin to the porous silica nanoparticles, stirring for 2 hours to obtain avidin-functionalized porous silica nanoparticles, centrifuging the avidin-functionalized porous silica nanoparticles at 28° C. and 6720 g for 10 minutes, and washing thoroughly with distilled water to remove excess unreacted substances; S4. Mix the avidin-functionalized porous silica nanoparticles and the biotinylated pesticide residue degrading enzyme, and utilize the high-affinity interaction between biotin and avidin to immobilize the biotinylated pesticide residue degrading enzyme in the pores of the avidin-functionalized porous silica nanoparticles so that the active site of the pesticide residue degrading enzyme faces the pore opening of the porous silica nanoparticles. Centrifuge at a temperature of 28° C. and a centrifugal force of 6720 g for 10 minutes. Wash thoroughly with distilled water to remove excess unreacted substances, and add the plasma-activated water to obtain the pesticide residue degrading agent.